915 lines
98 KiB
XML
915 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document id="F7DF8696D5E311F372B1196AB01722F1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.206909" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b1515640-3bda-4789-b42e-06b57b0836f3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="206909" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460244476120" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Goodman, Steven M., Raherilalao, Marie Jeanne & Block, Nicholas L." docDate="2011" docId="038C87A0FFA56C5CFF2B1BDC3E5F5A3D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02776p060.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2776" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mentocrex beankaensis Goodman, Raherilalao & Block, 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFB5FFD8FFA16C54FFBC196E3F225C11" masterDocTitle="Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the Mentocrex kioloides complex (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from Madagascar, with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1698241457318" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="342F44CEFB8EBE42FFF81357FBF9B142">
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<mods:title id="BD48F617B22A44B1A94C64BE5BDB4CD0">Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in the Mentocrex kioloides complex (Aves: Gruiformes: Rallidae) from Madagascar, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C9B7FF815A96699DA9BA14A00E347368" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C873AB1C78BA92C92671D18B711A485">Goodman, Steven M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="92E0F21725DC39F59B8218C525115E4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="180757FF7CB7734BB612F9774E9167CF">Raherilalao, Marie Jeanne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1814296FDB8995D6CED317CFB7A50C53" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3A7DE61ADEB8A5A52D2A47F15EED3CAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0495352D8320E3E61C192F0C30C0AE0D">Block, Nicholas L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C71FDF5DE173755CD8EB90C69B493C1E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="30FD13C7476C6E260F1C27B29B2E44B2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="17CF2468CFEBC81B4BAAE743D5992329">
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<mods:date id="4957506158F0E2CEA93D7C53427C614A">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3CE2B68524D9D7A2570703DEBA9C6F89">2776</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="5F544F83CE492569E531A724D6E4EBF4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.206909</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F5124FBA7689F78182E499B5956DFC8A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038C87A0FFA56C5CFF2B1BDC3E5F5A3D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6188218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119390248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6188218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87A0FFA56C5CFF2B1BDC3E5F5A3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87A0FFA56C5CFF2B1BDC3E5F5A3D" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA56C50FF2B1BDC3D375F24" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF2B1BDC3D025EDD" blockId="4.[151,544,690,821]" box="[151,544,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<heading id="D0D281DAFFA56C50FF2B1BDC3D025EDD" bold="true" box="[151,544,690,716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF2B1BDC3D025EDD" bold="true" box="[151,544,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA56C50FF2B1BDC3E965EDD" box="[151,436,690,716]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF2B1BDC3E965EDD" bold="true" box="[151,436,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257DFFFA56C50FE7F1BDC3D025EDD" box="[451,544,690,716]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF2B1BBB3EF35EFC" blockId="4.[151,544,690,821]" box="[151,465,725,749]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Tsingy Wood Rail (English)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF2B1B973E935F00" blockId="4.[151,544,690,821]" box="[151,433,761,785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Râle des Tsingy (French)</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF2B1A733D375F24" blockId="4.[151,544,690,821]" box="[151,533,797,821]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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Tsikozanalan’i Tsingy (
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FE211A733D2F5F24" box="[413,525,797,821]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA56C50FF2B1A0B3B185868" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF2B1A0B3B205FF8" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF2B1A0B3E295F6C" bold="true" box="[151,267,869,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FF2B1A0B3E245F6C" box="[151,262,869,893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Département de Biologie Animale, Université d’Antananarivo (
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<collectionCode id="ED34AE73FFA56C50FC581A0B3B6B5F6C" box="[996,1097,869,893]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q3sh-smdb" name="University dAntananarivo, Department de Biologie Animale" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">UADBA</collectionCode>
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48179). Adult male collected by S. M. Goodman and M. J. Raherilalao at
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FD361AE73C345FB0" box="[650,790,905,929]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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: Province de Mahajanga, District de Maintirano, Forêt de Beanka,
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<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FF451AC33E655FD4" box="[249,327,941,965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="km" value="4.9">4.9 km</quantity>
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S. Ambinda,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE115071FFA56C50FE5E1AC33D655FD4" box="[482,583,941,965]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="-18.061666">18°3.7’S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE115071FFA56C50FDEF1AC33DEA5FD4" box="[595,712,941,965]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="44.525">44°31.5’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FD681AC33C3F5FD4" box="[724,797,941,965]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="320.0">320 m</quantity>
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, on
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<date id="FF9B1076FFA56C50FCF11AC33B2F5FD4" box="[845,1037,941,965]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2009-10-31">31 October 2009</date>
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. The specimen bears the field number MJR 866 and was used in both the morphological and molecular analyses.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF791A9B3B185868" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791A9B3E1B581C" bold="true" box="[197,313,1013,1037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FF791A9B3E16581C" box="[197,308,1013,1037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The Field Museum of Natural History (
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<collectionCode id="ED34AE73FFA56C50FCB81A9B3C75581C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" box="[772,855,1013,1037]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34795" name="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">FMNH</collectionCode>
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431145). Female downy young collected by S. M. Goodman and D. W. Willard at
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FE471D773DA55820" box="[507,647,1049,1073]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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: Province de Mahajanga, Parc National de Bemaraha, S bank Manambolo River,
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<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FEA51D533E445844" box="[281,358,1085,1109]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
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NE Bekopaka,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE115071FFA56C50FDAA1D533DAB5844" box="[534,649,1085,1109]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="-19.14">19°08.4’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE115071FFA56C50FD281D533C2B5844" box="[660,777,1085,1109]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" precision="92" value="44.828335">44°49.7’E</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FCA81D533C7E5844" box="[788,860,1085,1109]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
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||
, on
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<date id="FF9B1076FFA56C50FC351D533B705844" box="[905,1106,1085,1109]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" value="2001-12-04">4 December 2001</date>
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. The specimen bears the field number DW 5363 and was used in both the morphological and molecular analyses.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA56C50FF791DEB3FF25918" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF791DEB3FF25918" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791DEB3E69588C" bold="true" box="[197,331,1157,1181]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific name is derived from the holotypical locality, Forêt de Beanka. The roots of this compound word are from the
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FE7E1DC73D0D58D0" box="[450,559,1193,1217]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
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“hanka”, which is the vernacular name of the
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FBEC1DC73BF558D0" box="[1104,1239,1193,1217]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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Long-eared Owl (
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA56C50FF1C1DA33E8158F4" box="[160,419,1229,1253]" class="Aves" family="Strigidae" genus="Asio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Strigiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madagascariensis">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF1C1DA33E8158F4" box="[160,419,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Asio madagascariensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and “be”, which refers to many. Hence, the word means the place where this owl is common.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA56C50FF791C7B3ECC59AC" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF791C7B3ECC59AC" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791C7B3E1D593F" bold="true" box="[197,319,1301,1326]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA56C50FEF41C783D73593C" box="[328,593,1301,1325]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FEF41C783D73593C" box="[328,593,1301,1325]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, occurring in the central west of
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FC6F1C7B3B7E593C" box="[979,1116,1301,1325]" name="Madagascar" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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, is distinctly larger than the two subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA56C50FED41C543ED15940" box="[360,499,1337,1361]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FED41C543ED15940" box="[360,499,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M. kioloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, found in the east and northwest, in wing, tail and tarsus measurements. There are also distinct plumage coloration differences, most notably that in
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA56C50FCCE1C303B025964" box="[882,1056,1373,1397]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
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<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FCCE1C303B025964" box="[882,1056,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">M. beankaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the Cinnamon-Rufous (40) throat and moustachial stripe abut the lower portion of the eye, and the lores and forehead are mixed Smoke Gray (45) and Dark Grayish Brown (20).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA56C5CFF791CA73E3F5DDE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF791CA73CD95B58" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791CA73ECB59F3" bold="true" box="[197,489,1481,1506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
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||
Description of
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<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FEC71CA43EC659F3" box="[379,484,1482,1506]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Lores, forehead, crown and upper nape a mixture of Smoke Gray (45) and Dark Grayish Brown (20) feathers, giving a mottled appearance (
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<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA56C50FC821C833CAD5A14" box="[830,911,1517,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1133,1156]" captionTargetBox="[158,1420,321,1099]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,287,1111]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color illustration of Mentocrex beankaensis, sp. nov., based on color photos of the holotype and the specimen in hand (UADBA 41879). (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206911/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA56C50FC211C833C895A14" box="[925,939,1517,1541]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1625,1648]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,1250,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1236,1604]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color illustrations of the heads, upper backs, and breasts (from left to right) of Mentocrex beankaensis, sp. nov., based on the holotype specimen and photos (UADBA 41879), M. k. kioloides (AMNH 410358) collected 40 km NW Maroantsetra, and M. k. berliozi (AMNH 410371) obtained 1 day south of Anaborano. (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206912/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">3</figureCitation>
|
||
a). Ear-coverts and moustachial region dark Cinnamon-Rufous (40).
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<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA56C50FE171F7F3EC35A38" box="[427,481,1553,1577]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Chin</collectingCountry>
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||
and throat off-white and bordered proximally by narrow Blackish Neutral Gray (82) line demarcating the division of the proximal limit of the throat, which terminates in a pointed shape. Breast and upper flanks dark Cinnamon-Rufous (40). Central portion of belly dark Clay Color (26) merging to tri-colored lower flanks composed of individual feathers barred with Dusky Brown (19), Raw Umber (23) and light Buff (24). Undertail coverts barred Raw Umber (23) and mixed with Tawny (38) and Cinnamon-Rufous (40). Thighs and tarsal feathering a mixture of feathers barred with Dusky Brown (19) and off-white. Axillaries, underwing coverts and flight feathers broadly barred back and white. Lower nape dark Clay Color (26), grading into a color approaching a light Raw Umber (23) on the mantle. Lower back, scapulars and wing coverts Amber (36) of slightly different intensities. Rump, uppertail coverts, uppertail and undertail Ferruginous (41).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C50FF791E3B3A495B80" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791E3B3D255B7C" bold="true" box="[197,519,1877,1902]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FE251E3B3D205B7C" box="[409,514,1877,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Wing (flattened)
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FD701E3B3C095B7C" box="[716,811,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="142.0">142 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tail length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FC111E3B3CDC5B7C" box="[941,1022,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tarsus length
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FB211E3B3A265B7C" box="[1181,1284,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.61" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="46.1">46.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, exposed culmen
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FF721E173E165B80" box="[206,308,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.71" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="27.1">27.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, bill from anterior nostril 17.0 mm, bill width at anterior nostril
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FBBE1E173B785B80" box="[1026,1114,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="mm" value="4.6">4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA56C50FB051E173BDA5B83" box="[1209,1272,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.8" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" unit="g" value="180.0">180 g</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A7030DFFA56C50FABA1E173A785B80" box="[1286,1370,1913,1937]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,206,628,651]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of external measurements (in mm) of Mentocrex from different portions of Madagascar. Samples are presented as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum, sample size). For each geographic zone, t-tests were conducted to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism." pageId="4" pageNumber="53">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA56C51FF791EF33C315CE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,869,2009]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,247]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA56C50FF791EF33DE75BA4" bold="true" box="[197,709,1949,1974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53">
|
||
Other details associated with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FDE41EF33D9D5BA4" box="[600,703,1949,1973]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The following details are as noted on the specimen label of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA56C50FF2B1EAF3FDB5BC8" box="[151,249,1985,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(UADBA 48179), which is an adult male (our translation from the French): iris—reddish-chestnut; man-dible—distal half black, proximal half whitish-gray; maxilla—whitish-gray; tarsus—black; stomach—empty; hab-itat—obtained in slightly disturbed dry deciduous valley forest with trees reaching
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA46C51FBE419D23BB65CC5" box="[1112,1172,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
|
||
in height; skull—fully ossified; gonads (testes)—left
|
||
<date id="FF9B1076FFA46C51FE5019B13D2D5CE6" box="[492,527,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">4 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA46C51FDAA19B13D7B5CE6" box="[534,601,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, right
|
||
<date id="FF9B1076FFA46C51FD1D19B13DE15CE6" box="[673,707,223,247]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">3 x</date>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA46C51FD7619B13C2C5CE6" box="[714,782,223,247]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A663EFFA46C51FF2B1D033C0B58B3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206911/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[158,1420,321,1099]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA46C51FF2B1D033C0B58B3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1133,1186]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FF2B1D033E315892" bold="true" box="[151,275,1133,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Color illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FE501D013DF95895" box="[492,731,1134,1156]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FE501D013DF95895" box="[492,731,1134,1156]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257DFFFA46C51FD541D003C1B5892" box="[744,825,1134,1155]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FD541D003C1B5892" bold="true" box="[744,825,1134,1155]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, based on color photos of the holotype and the specimen in hand (UADBA 41879). (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A663EFFA46C51FF2B1F373ABE5ABC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206912/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[158,1423,1250,1593]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA46C51FF2B1F373ABE5ABC" blockId="5.[151,1436,1625,1709]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FF2B1F373E315A7E" bold="true" box="[151,275,1625,1648]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Color illustrations of the heads, upper backs, and breasts (from left to right) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FBF41F353A145A7E" box="[1096,1334,1625,1648]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FBF41F353A145A7E" box="[1096,1334,1625,1648]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257DFFFA46C51FAF81F343AB75A7E" box="[1348,1429,1626,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FAF81F343AB75A7E" bold="true" box="[1348,1429,1626,1647]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, based on the holotype specimen and photos (UADBA 41879),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FCF41F173CCB5A9F" box="[840,1001,1656,1678]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FCF41F173C7F5A9F" box="[840,861,1657,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FCCC1F163C595A9F" box="[880,891,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FC311F163CCB5A9F" box="[909,1001,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 410358) collected 40 km NW Maroantsetra, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FEEF1FF63EFA5ABC" box="[339,472,1687,1709]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FEEF1FF63E4A5ABC" box="[339,360,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FEC81FF93E5D5ABC" box="[372,383,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FE371FF93EFA5ABC" box="[395,472,1687,1709]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 410371) obtained 1 day south of Anaborano. (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA46C51FF791FB73D375B4C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1753,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FF791FB73EC55AE3" bold="true" box="[197,487,1753,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA46C51FEC91FB43EC05AE3" box="[373,482,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The following details were noted on the soft part coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA46C51FB661FB43A195AE3" box="[1242,1339,1754,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(FMNH 431145), which is a downy young female: iris—dark brown, mandible and maxilla—black with pale tip, tarsusbrownish black. The plumage coloration of this animal is seemingly identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FBA31E4D3B885B2B" box="[1055,1194,1826,1850]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FBA31E4D3B885B2B" box="[1055,1194,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M. kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the illustration in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA46C51FF5A1E2B3D335B4C" author="Olson" box="[230,529,1861,1885]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" refString="Olson, S. L. (1973) A classification of the Rallidae. Wilson Bulletin, 85, 381 - 416." type="journal article" year="1973">Olson (1973, frontispiece)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA46C52FF791E073D945E2D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1753,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FF791E073E495B93" bold="true" box="[197,363,1897,1922]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
There are notable differences in the head coloration between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FB891E053A1D5B93" box="[1077,1343,1898,1922]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FB891E053A1D5B93" box="[1077,1343,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the two forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FE931EE13E9B5BB7" box="[303,441,1934,1958]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FE931EE13E645BB7" box="[303,326,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FEE81EE03E9B5BB7" box="[340,441,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA46C51FE751EE33D285BB4" box="[457,522,1933,1957]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1625,1648]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,1250,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1236,1604]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color illustrations of the heads, upper backs, and breasts (from left to right) of Mentocrex beankaensis, sp. nov., based on the holotype specimen and photos (UADBA 41879), M. k. kioloides (AMNH 410358) collected 40 km NW Maroantsetra, and M. k. berliozi (AMNH 410371) obtained 1 day south of Anaborano. (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206912/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
a–c). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FDD41EE13C2F5BB7" box="[616,781,1934,1958]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FDD41EE13D5D5BB7" box="[616,639,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FD311EE03DBB5BB7" box="[653,665,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FD141EE03C2F5BB7" box="[680,781,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FCF81EE13CF85BB7" box="[836,986,1934,1958]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FCF81EE13C795BB7" box="[836,859,1935,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FCD51EE03C575BB7" box="[873,885,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FC381EE03CF85BB7" box="[900,986,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the dark Cinnamon-Rufous (40) associated with the outer portion of the throat and moustachial stripe ends below the eye, while in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA46C51FB4E1EDF3A765BD8" box="[1266,1364,1969,1993]" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA46C51FAC11EDD3E025BFF" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FAC11EDD3AB65BDB" box="[1405,1428,1971,1994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA46C51FF2B1EB83E025BFF" box="[151,288,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="54">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this coloration abuts the lower portion of the eye. There are a few exceptions amongst the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF0B19F73E735CA1" box="[183,337,152,176]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF0B19F73FEC5CA1" box="[183,206,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF6219F63FC85CA1" box="[222,234,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF4719F63E735CA1" box="[251,337,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we have examined, with the dark Cinnamon-Rufous (40) nearly reaching the lower limit of the eye, but a small lores is clearly visible (e.g., AMNH 410370, 410376). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC5019D33BB75CC5" box="[1004,1173,188,212]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC5019D33B215CC5" box="[1004,1027,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBA819D23B025CC5" box="[1044,1056,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB8C19D23BB75CC5" box="[1072,1173,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FB6C19D33A4B5CC5" box="[1232,1385,188,212]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB6C19D33BC55CC5" box="[1232,1255,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB4B19D23A215CC5" box="[1271,1283,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FAA819D23A4B5CC5" box="[1300,1385,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lores and forehead are distinct, tending towards Olive-Gray (42) in the former and Smoke Gray (44) in the latter, as compared to the mixture of Smoke Gray (45) and Dark Grayish Brown (20) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FBB9186B3B915D0D" box="[1029,1203,260,284]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBB9186B3B3E5D0D" box="[1029,1052,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB96186A3B915D0D" box="[1066,1203,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In some individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF0818473E7A5D51" box="[180,344,296,320]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF0818473FE95D51" box="[180,203,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF6618463FC45D51" box="[218,230,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF4F18463E7A5D51" box="[243,344,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the forehead is slightly mottled with darker gray feathers (e.g., UADBA 48178, AMNH 410358) and the crown and upper nape are a dark Olive-Brown (28) as compared to a Fawn Color (25) or Clay Color (26) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF2B181F3E0E5D99" box="[151,300,368,392]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF2B181F3F8C5D99" box="[151,174,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF00181E3FEA5D99" box="[188,200,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF6A181E3E0E5D99" box="[214,300,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or the mixture of Smoke Gray (45) and Dark Grayish Brown (20) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FB8F181F3BC05D99" box="[1075,1250,368,392]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB8F181F3B685D99" box="[1075,1098,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBE5181E3BC05D99" box="[1113,1250,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The ear coverts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF0818FB3E795DBD" box="[180,347,404,428]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF0818FB3FE95DBD" box="[180,203,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF6718FA3FC55DBD" box="[219,231,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF4A18FA3E795DBD" box="[246,347,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FE2818FB3D095DBD" box="[404,555,404,428]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE2818FB3E895DBD" box="[404,427,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE0618FA3EE45DBD" box="[442,454,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE6918FA3D095DBD" box="[469,555,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a continuation of the same gray color passing posteriorly from the lores and below the eye, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FE6118D73DAF5DC1" box="[477,653,440,464]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE6118D73ED65DC1" box="[477,500,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDB818D63DAF5DC1" box="[516,653,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this area is a continuation of the dark Cinnamon-Rufous (40) of the throat. The white portion of the throat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FDCE18B33C395DE5" box="[626,795,476,500]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDCE18B33DAB5DE5" box="[626,649,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD2618B23D845DE5" box="[666,678,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD0A18B23C395DE5" box="[694,795,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FCE918B33CCD5DE5" box="[853,1007,476,500]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCE918B33C4E5DE5" box="[853,876,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCC118B23CAB5DE5" box="[893,905,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC2518B23CCD5DE5" box="[921,1007,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is notably more extensive than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FAC118B33E025E09" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FAC118B33AB65DE5" box="[1405,1428,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF2B1B6E3E025E09" box="[151,288,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in all three forms the proximal portion is delimited with a variable dark border that may be associated with how a given specimen was prepared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA76C52FF7B1B263B345F05" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
In all three forms breast and upper body flanks are Cinnamon-Rufous (40), but based on the material available to us this is darker and more saturated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FDD51B033C3A5E95" box="[617,792,620,644]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDD51B033DA25E95" box="[617,640,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD331B023C3A5E95" box="[655,792,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, moderate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC0F1B033B7B5E95" box="[947,1113,620,644]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC0F1B033CE85E95" box="[947,970,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC651B023CC75E95" box="[985,997,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC481B023B7B5E95" box="[1012,1113,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and lighter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FB421B033AB65E95" box="[1278,1428,620,644]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB421B033A375E95" box="[1278,1301,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FA991B023A135E95" box="[1317,1329,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FA831B023AB65E95" box="[1343,1428,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In this latter form the central portion of the belly is distinctly lighter than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC701BFF3B585EB9" box="[972,1146,656,680]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC701BFF3CC15EB9" box="[972,995,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC4D1BFE3B585EB9" box="[1009,1146,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, approaching a light Clay Color (26) with Buff Yellow (53) feather tips, and in the nominate form numerous individuals show light Buff (24) or whitish-cream feather tips. Undertail coverts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD6C1BB73C575EE1" box="[720,885,728,752]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD6C1BB73DC55EE1" box="[720,743,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD491BB63C235EE1" box="[757,769,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCAC1BB63C575EE1" box="[784,885,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC111BB73B615EE1" box="[941,1091,728,752]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC111BB73CE65EE1" box="[941,964,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC6E1BB63CFC5EE1" box="[978,990,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC511BB63B615EE1" box="[1005,1091,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FB5A1BB73AB75EE1" box="[1254,1429,728,752]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB5A1BB73BDF5EE1" box="[1254,1277,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FAB01BB63AB75EE1" box="[1292,1429,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but in the nominate form the Cinnamon-Rufous (40) tends to be more saturated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA76C52FF7B1A713D33588E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
The thigh and tarsal feathers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD941A4F3DEF5F29" box="[552,717,800,824]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD941A4F3D1D5F29" box="[552,575,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDF11A4E3D7B5F29" box="[589,601,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDD41A4E3DEF5F29" box="[616,717,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FCBF1A4F3CBA5F29" box="[771,920,800,824]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCBF1A4F3C385F29" box="[771,794,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC941A4E3C165F29" box="[808,820,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCFE1A4E3CBA5F29" box="[834,920,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FBBE1A4F3B925F29" box="[1026,1200,800,824]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBBE1A4F3B3B5F29" box="[1026,1049,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB9B1A4E3B925F29" box="[1063,1200,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being dominated by Dusky Brown (19), but with a greater percentage of white barring. Axillaries, underwing coverts and flight feathers in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF081A073E7A5F91" box="[180,344,872,896]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF081A073FE95F91" box="[180,203,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF651A063FC75F91" box="[217,229,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF4F1A063E7A5F91" box="[243,344,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FE331A073D065F91" box="[399,548,872,896]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE331A073E845F91" box="[399,422,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE081A063EE25F91" box="[436,448,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE721A063D065F91" box="[462,548,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD7A1A073C565F91" box="[710,884,872,896]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD7A1A073DFF5F91" box="[710,733,873,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD571A063C565F91" box="[747,884,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being broadly barred back and white. The lower nape in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF4D1AE33EBA5FB5" box="[241,408,908,932]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF4D1AE33E2A5FB5" box="[241,264,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FEA41AE23E065FB5" box="[280,292,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FE8F1AE23EBA5FB5" box="[307,408,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a lighter Clay Color (26) than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC8E1AE33CC35FB5" box="[818,993,908,932]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC8E1AE33C6B5FB5" box="[818,841,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCE41AE23CC35FB5" box="[856,993,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FBE81AE33BC95FB5" box="[1108,1259,908,932]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBE81AE33B495FB5" box="[1108,1131,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBC71AE23BA55FB5" box="[1147,1159,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB2A1AE23BC95FB5" box="[1174,1259,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is dark Buff- Yellow (53) to light pinkish Clay Color (26). The mantle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FCF21ADF3CCA5FD9" box="[846,1000,944,968]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCF21ADF3C475FD9" box="[846,869,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCC91ADE3CA35FD9" box="[885,897,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC2E1ADE3CCA5FD9" box="[914,1000,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinctly lighter, approaching dark Buff (24) or Clay Color (26), as compared to the other two forms in which it is light Raw Umber (23). Lower back, scapulars and upperwing coverts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD881A973DEF5801" box="[564,717,1016,1040]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD881A973D695801" box="[564,587,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDE71A963D455801" box="[603,615,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDC41A963DEF5801" box="[632,717,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
approximate light Clay Color (26), as compared to the Amber (36) of the other two subspecies. Rump, uppertail coverts and rectrices of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC6A1D733B4F5825" box="[982,1133,1052,1076]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC6A1D733CCF5825" box="[982,1005,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC401D723B2A5825" box="[1020,1032,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FBAB1D723B4F5825" box="[1047,1133,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are light Ferruginous (41), as compared to a more saturated coloration in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD1F1D2F3C6B5849" box="[675,841,1088,1112]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD1F1D2F3D985849" box="[675,698,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD751D2E3DF75849" box="[713,725,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD581D2E3C6B5849" box="[740,841,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC3D1D2F3B125849" box="[897,1072,1088,1112]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC3D1D2F3CBA5849" box="[897,920,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC1B1D2E3B125849" box="[935,1072,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the basis of plumage coloration, no noticeable differences were found between a downy young of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC0E1D0B3B74586D" box="[946,1110,1124,1148]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC0E1D0B3CEB586D" box="[946,969,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC6B1D0A3CC1586D" box="[983,995,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC4D1D0A3B74586D" box="[1009,1110,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 410365) and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF2B1DE73E6758B1" box="[151,325,1160,1184]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF2B1DE73F8C58B1" box="[151,174,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF001DE63E6758B1" box="[188,325,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(FMNH 431145).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA76C52FF791DC23EE95966" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Certain external measurements of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA76C52FDC81DC23DF458D5" box="[628,726,1196,1220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FD421DC33C8F58D5" box="[766,941,1196,1220]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FD421DC33C3758D5" box="[766,789,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC981DC23C8F58D5" box="[804,941,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UADBA 48179) indicate that it is notably larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FEA51DBF3E8758F9" box="[281,421,1232,1256]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FEA51DBF3E1258F9" box="[281,304,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FEFC1DBE3E8758F9" box="[320,421,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A7030DFFA76C52FE091DA13D2958F6" box="[437,523,1231,1255]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,206,628,651]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of external measurements (in mm) of Mentocrex from different portions of Madagascar. Samples are presented as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum, sample size). For each geographic zone, t-tests were conducted to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism." pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). For the wing, tail and tarsus measurements, there is no overlap between these two species. In the case of the three different bill measurements,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC261D9B3B6E591D" box="[922,1100,1268,1292]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC261D9B3C93591D" box="[922,945,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC7F1D9A3B6E591D" box="[963,1100,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FAC11D9B3FDE5921" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FAC11D9B3AB6591D" box="[1405,1428,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF2B1C763FDE5921" box="[151,252,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given that only a single adult specimen is available of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FCD51C773B355921" box="[873,1047,1304,1328]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FCD51C773CA25921" box="[873,896,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC321C763B355921" box="[910,1047,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and that it is notably large, no statistical analyses have been conducted, as these would not be more meaningful than simple examination of the different measurement values.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA76C52FF791CEB3AB95AAD" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Very few of the museum specimens available have detailed information on soft part coloration. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8814FFA76C52FAA01CEA3A5C598D" box="[1308,1406,1412,1436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FF2B1CC73E6759D1" box="[151,325,1448,1472]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF2B1CC73F8C59D1" box="[151,174,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FF001CC63E6759D1" box="[188,325,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(UADBA 48179) has a bicolored mandible, with the proximal half being blackish, the distal grayish-white and the leading edge grayish-white; the maxilla is grayish-white; and the tarsi black. In contrast, a specimen (FMNH 345622) referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FDA61C9F3D9D5A19" box="[538,703,1520,1544]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDA61C9F3D135A19" box="[538,561,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDFC1C9E3D6E5A19" box="[576,588,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FDE61C9E3D9D5A19" box="[602,703,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the mandible and maxilla bluish-gray proximally, merging to a dull yellow tip, and the tarsi are black. Notes on labels of other specimens referred to the nominate form include: bill—blackish above, whitish below, legs—brownish-black (female, MNHN 1932.497); bill—black upper and bluish-white lower (female, MNHN 1932.496); bill—grayish base upper, blackish lower, legs—black (female, BMNH 1931.1008); bill—blue (male, BMNH 91.8.1.81); bill—pearl grey, legs—pearl grey (male, BMNH 1969.45.22). Whether these morphological differences are seasonal, sexual or individual will require further data from the field.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA76C53FF791FA63B415CE6" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,536]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">
|
||
Although we examined a large percentage of the specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FC2B1FA73B2C5AF1" box="[919,1038,1737,1760]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FC2B1FA73B2C5AF1" box="[919,1038,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Mentocrex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
available in the world’s museums, the sample sizes are insufficient from most localities or too widely dispersed to properly assess patterns of geographical variation in size and coloration. Some conclusions can be presented here. Within specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FAC11E7F3FDE5B5D" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FAC11E7F3FDE5B5D" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M. kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA76C52FE251E5A3D025B5D" box="[409,544,1844,1868]" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
little morphological variation was found and these animals are referable to the nominate subspecies (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A7030DFFA76C52FE331E363EC65B61" box="[399,484,1880,1904]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,206,628,651]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of external measurements (in mm) of Mentocrex from different portions of Madagascar. Samples are presented as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum, sample size). For each geographic zone, t-tests were conducted to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism." pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The exceptions are three small adult specimens from extreme southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA76C52FAEF1E363FC35B84" name="Madagascar" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, specifically the localities of Bemangidy (FMNH 215460, 215461) and Eminiminy (AMNH 703565). These birds have notably small bills, short wings, and more richly saturated Cinnamon-Rufous undersides. In contrast, those specimens from the northwestern portion of the island, generally considered the form
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA76C52FB2A1EAB3A085BCD" box="[1174,1322,1988,2012]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA76C52FB2A1EAB3A085BCD" box="[1174,1322,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="55">M. k. berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have different plumage patterns, particularly the head, upper back and breast and tend to be slightly larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FAE319F73FDE5CC5" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FAE319F73FDE5CC5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M. k. kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA66C53FEB019D23E4C5CC5" box="[268,366,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1625,1648]" captionTargetBox="[158,1423,1250,1593]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1236,1604]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Color illustrations of the heads, upper backs, and breasts (from left to right) of Mentocrex beankaensis, sp. nov., based on the holotype specimen and photos (UADBA 41879), M. k. kioloides (AMNH 410358) collected 40 km NW Maroantsetra, and M. k. berliozi (AMNH 410371) obtained 1 day south of Anaborano. (Illustration by Velizar A. Simeonovski.)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206912/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A7030DFFA66C53FEC019D23EED5CC5" box="[380,463,188,212]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[119,206,628,651]" captionText="TABLE 1. Descriptive statistics of external measurements (in mm) of Mentocrex from different portions of Madagascar. Samples are presented as mean ± standard deviation (minimum-maximum, sample size). For each geographic zone, t-tests were conducted to examine patterns of sexual dimorphism." pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The molecular analysis presented herein supports the separation of these two forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA66C53FF2219B13E225CE6" box="[158,256,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[311,1284,614,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[282,1304,589,1742]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogram of the Mentocrex kioloides complex and outgroup. Tree shown is the BI consensus tree, although MP and ML topologies are the same. Node labels show percent support from MP bootstrap (1000 reps), ML bootstrap (100 reps) and posterior probabilities from BI analysis. Rallina sequence from GenBank AP 010822." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the level of differentiation is small enough to retain them as subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA66C53FF79186A3D4F5E06" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FF79186A3E8E5D0D" bold="true" box="[197,428,259,284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Molecular genetics.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic tree constructions from MP, ML and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA66C53FC55186B3B275D0D" box="[1001,1029,261,284]" name="Belgium" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
analyses of the full dataset yield the same topology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A33FFA66C53FEF718493EB35D2E" box="[331,401,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1763,1786]" captionTargetBox="[311,1284,614,1710]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[282,1304,589,1742]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phylogram of the Mentocrex kioloides complex and outgroup. Tree shown is the BI consensus tree, although MP and ML topologies are the same. Node labels show percent support from MP bootstrap (1000 reps), ML bootstrap (100 reps) and posterior probabilities from BI analysis. Rallina sequence from GenBank AP 010822." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ND3-only dataset has an identical topology but with slightly lower nodal support values (not shown). The two samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FD8418233DC75D75" box="[568,741,332,356]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FD8418233D6D5D75" box="[568,591,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FDE018223DC75D75" box="[604,741,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a well-supported clade sister to a clade comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FAD818233FDE5D99" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FAD818233A595D75" box="[1380,1403,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FA3418223AB65D75" box="[1416,1428,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FF2B181E3FDE5D99" box="[151,252,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FE8F181F3EEA5D99" box="[307,456,368,392]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FE8F181F3E685D99" box="[307,330,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FEE4181E3E465D99" box="[344,356,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FECF181E3EEA5D99" box="[371,456,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Those two subspecies are also reciprocally monophyletic, although the support for the two clades is not very strong. Additional sequence data may strengthen these nodes, but the lack of any samples from the far northern range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FDB518D73D955DC1" box="[521,695,440,464]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FDB518D73D025DC1" box="[521,544,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FD8F18D63D1D5DC1" box="[563,575,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FDEE18D63D955DC1" box="[594,695,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaves the exact genetic relationship between these subspecies unclear. Combined with the morphological data, the molecular genetic results support the treatment of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FAE218B33FDE5E09" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FAE218B33A575DE5" box="[1374,1397,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FA3418B23AB65DE5" box="[1416,1428,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FF2B1B6E3FDE5E09" box="[151,252,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FE8E1B6F3EEA5E09" box="[306,456,512,536]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FE8E1B6F3E6B5E09" box="[306,329,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FEE41B6E3E465E09" box="[344,356,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FECE1B6E3EEA5E09" box="[370,456,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as subspecies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A663EFFA66C53FF2B1F8D3B035B26" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206913/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" targetBox="[311,1284,614,1710]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA66C53FF2B1F8D3B035B26" blockId="7.[151,1436,1763,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FF2B1F8D3E315AE8" bold="true" box="[151,275,1763,1786]" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogram of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FE6F1F8B3D835AEB" box="[467,673,1764,1786]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FE6F1F8B3D835AEB" box="[467,673,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Mentocrex kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex and outgroup. Tree shown is the BI consensus tree, although MP and ML topologies are the same. Node labels show percent support from MP bootstrap (1000 reps), ML bootstrap (100 reps) and posterior probabilities from BI analysis.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FDE01E4F3D855B26" box="[604,679,1825,1847]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Rallina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FDE01E4F3D855B26" box="[604,679,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">Rallina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sequence from GenBank
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9476AB55FFA66C53FC121E4C3B3F5B26" box="[942,1053,1826,1847]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AP010822" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">AP010822</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA66C5CFF7B1E0B3DBE5CE6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1892,2024]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">
|
||
For the ND3-only dataset, the average uncorrected
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FCB11E0B3C395B6D" box="[781,795,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FC521E0B3BBE5B6D" box="[1006,1180,1892,1916]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FC521E0B3B275B6D" box="[1006,1029,1893,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FBA81E0A3BBE5B6D" box="[1044,1180,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FABD1E0A3A445B6D" box="[1281,1382,1892,1916]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FABD1E0A3A445B6D" box="[1281,1382,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FAD21E0A3FEA5BB1" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
clade is 0.015 ± 0.005 SE (0.013–0.016), while it is 0.019 ± 0.003 (0.019–0.020) for the full dataset. Assessed separately, cytB’s
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FEDF1EC33E535BD5" box="[355,369,1965,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distance between the clades ranges from 0.020–0.022, while ATP6’s ranges from 0.018–0.021. These full-dataset levels would likely increase with the addition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA66C53FC241EBF3B135BF9" box="[920,1073,2000,2024]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FC241EBF3C8D5BF9" box="[920,943,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FC031EBE3CE95BF9" box="[959,971,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA66C53FC671EBE3B135BF9" box="[987,1073,2000,2024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="56">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples, as they were the most distant at ND3. Although species-level molecular data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFC9519F93CA45CBE" box="[809,902,151,175]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rallidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are scarce, the limited available data show that these
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF6B19D33FC75CC5" box="[215,229,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">p</emphasis>
|
||
-distances are similar to those between other sister species in the family (J.M. Maley, pers. comm.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFA8319D23FF05CE6" author="Trewick" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Trewick, S. A. (1997) Flightlessness and phylogeny amongst endemic rails (Aves: Rallidae) of the New Zealand region. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 352, 429 - 446." type="journal article" year="1997">Trewick 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFF6119B13E895CE6" author="Hebert" box="[221,427,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Hebert, P. D. N., Zemlak, T. S., Stoeckle, M. Y. & Francis, C. M. (2004) Identification of birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS Biology, 2, 1657 - 1663." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Hebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFE8D198F3E405CE9" box="[305,354,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFE0A198E3DB25CE6" author="Tavares" box="[438,656,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Tavares, E. S., de Kroon, G. H. J. & Baker, A. J. (2010) Phylogenetic and coalescent analysis of three loci suggest that the Water Rail is divisible into two species, Rallus aquaticus and R. indicus. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 226." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Tavares
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDA8198F3D675CE9" box="[532,581,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF7B186A3E3F5DDE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
Eight sites vary among the 372 bp of ND3, with four of the sites exhibiting fixed differences that diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFAC1186B3E025D51" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFAC1186B3AB65D0D" box="[1405,1428,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF2B18463E025D51" box="[151,288,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table 2). Three of the eight mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions as well, and all three are among the four that diagnose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFE5818233DB15D75" box="[484,659,332,356]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFE5818233ED95D75" box="[484,507,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDB618223DB15D75" box="[522,659,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the 15 variable sites among the 654 bp of ATP6, 11 are fixed differences (Table 2). Four of the mutations caused amino acid substitutions, with three among the fixed differences. Finally, with cytB’s 917 bp, 17 of 21 variable sites are fixed. Only three changes were nonsynonymous, with two being fixed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA96C5CFF7918B53C0E5F91" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF7918B53E775E95" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF7918B53E7C5DE2" bold="true" box="[197,350,475,500]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Currently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFE6718B33DC35DE5" box="[475,737,476,500]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFE6718B33DC35DE5" box="[475,737,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from a limited area of lowland central-western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA96C5CFAE318B23FCF5E09" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, specifically portions of the Bemaraha and Beanka Massifs. This species was found at elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFACE18913FD85E2D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="210.0" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="100.0">100 to 320 m</quantity>
|
||
in areas of limestone karst characterized by rock pinnacles known in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA96C5CFBBF1B4A3B525E2D" box="[1027,1136,548,572]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
as
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFB281B4B3BF75E2D" box="[1172,1237,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">tsingy</emphasis>
|
||
, often in canyons or valleys closed or bordered by exposed rock, and with dry deciduous forest that is more mesic than nearby more open formations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF791BE13C0E5F91" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
The nominate form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFE751BFE3D0C5EB9" box="[457,558,656,680]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFE751BFE3D0C5EB9" box="[457,558,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a broad distribution across the eastern length of the island, being known from lowland forest habitats near sea level to montane forest up to around
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFC5F1BDA3B1B5EDD" box="[995,1081,692,716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFBF41BDA3A415EDD" author="Morris" box="[1096,1379,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Morris, P. & Hawkins, F. (1998) Birds of Madagascar: A Photographic Guide. Yale University Press, New Haven, 316 pp." type="book" year="1998">Morris & Hawkins 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We are unaware of any verified reports from the central portion of the Central Highlands, although it is known from numerous sites along the eastern edge of the Central Highlands (e.g., Raherilalao
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFB8A1B933B525F05" box="[1078,1136,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007). We were unable to locate the specimen collected and reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFD221A713C1E5F26" author="Salvan" box="[670,828,799,823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Salvan, J. (1970) Remarques sur l'evolution de l'avifaune malgache depuis 1945. Alauda, 38, 191 - 203." type="journal article" year="1970">Salvan (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFCFF1A713CA85F26" box="[835,906,799,823]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
north of Ankazobe at
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFB391A713BFE5F29" box="[1157,1244,799,824]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="1450.0">1450 m</quantity>
|
||
, which would be in the general vicinity of the Réserve Spéciale d’Ambohitantely, but as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFBF51A2B3A0C5F4D" box="[1097,1326,836,860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Benson, C. W., Colebrook-Robjent, J. F. R. & Williams, A. (1976) Contribution a l'ornithologie de Madagascar. L'Oiseau et la Revue francaise d'Ornithologie, 46, 102 - 134." type="journal article">
|
||
Benson
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFB1F1A2B3BF65F4D" box="[1187,1236,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1976)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on measurements, it might be referable to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFDF01A063C045F91" box="[588,806,872,896]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Dryolimnas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cuvieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDF01A063C045F91" box="[588,806,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Dryolimnas cuvieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F653DFFA96C5CFF791AE33E5F5A3D" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF791AE33D935849" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFF791AE33E935FB5" box="[197,433,908,932]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF791AE33E6C5FB5" box="[197,334,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Mentocrex k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFEE01AE23E935FB5" box="[348,433,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Sambirano area of the northwest. All examined specimens referable to this form were obtained in late 1930 and early 1931 during the Mission Zoologique Franco-Anglo-Américaine (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFF221ABA3E3C5FFD" author="Rand" box="[158,286,980,1004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Rand, A. L. (1936) The distribution and habits of Madagascar birds. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 72, 143 - 499." type="journal article" year="1936">Rand 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In 1988, an expedition to this region working the western slopes of the Manongarivo Massif, between 120 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFF441A993E635801" box="[248,321,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
, did not find
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFE641A973C80581E" authority="Thompson & Buisson 1988" authorityName="Thompson & Buisson" authorityYear="1988" box="[472,930,1015,1040]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFE641A973D6D5801" box="[472,591,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Mentocrex</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFDE11A993CBB581E" author="Thompson" box="[605,921,1015,1039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Thompson, P. M. & Buisson, R. (1988) Birds of Manongarivo. In: Quansah, N. (Ed), Manongarivo Special Reserve (Madagascar), 1987 / 88 Expedition report. Madagascar Environmental Research Group, London, pp. 87 - 120." type="journal article" year="1988">Thompson & Buisson 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In 1999, a biological inventory of the northern slopes of the massif found this species in the zone between 785 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFC041D723B2F5825" box="[952,1037,1052,1076]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="1240.0">1240 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFBA71D723A3D5825" author="Raherilalao" box="[1051,1311,1052,1076]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Raherilalao, M. J., Gautier, F. & Goodman, S. M. (2002) Les oiseaux de la Reserve Speciale de Manongarivo, Madagascar. Boissiera, 59, 359 - 381." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Raherilalao
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFB181D733BF75825" box="[1188,1237,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and those birds were tentatively assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFDA81D2F3D885849" box="[532,682,1088,1112]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="kioloides" subSpecies="berliozi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDA81D2F3D095849" box="[532,555,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFD861D2E3D645849" box="[570,582,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">k</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDE81D2E3D885849" box="[596,682,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">berliozi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF791D0A3E6E591D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF791D0A3D0C586D" bold="true" box="[197,558,1123,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Nomenclatural considerations</emphasis>
|
||
. The name
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFD061D0A3C1B586D" box="[698,825,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">griseofrons</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFCFE1D0A3C9E586D" author="Gray" box="[834,956,1124,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Gray, G. R. (1846) The Genera of Birds: Comprising their Generic Characters, a Notice of the Habits of the Genus, and an Extensive List of Species Referred to their Several Genera. Vol. 3. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London." type="book" year="1846">Gray 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFB6A1D0A3FF958B1" authority="Sharpe 1894" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1894" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kioloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFB6A1D0A3A19586D" box="[1238,1339,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">kioloides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFAF01D0A3FF158B1" author="Sharpe" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Sharpe, R. B. (1894) Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum. Volume XXIII. Trustees, London, 353 pp." type="book" year="1894">Sharpe 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The illustration associated with the description of
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFCFE1DE63CE258B1" box="[834,960,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">griseofrons</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B47FFA96C5CFC681DE63B9858B1" author="Gray" box="[980,1210,1160,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" refString="Gray, G. R. (1846) The Genera of Birds: Comprising their Generic Characters, a Notice of the Habits of the Genus, and an Extensive List of Species Referred to their Several Genera. Vol. 3. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, London." type="book" year="1846">Gray 1846, pl. 161</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) clearly shows the reduced amount of Cinnamon-Rufous on the outer portion of the throat and moustachial stripe, diagnostic of the nominate form. Hence, the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFDB01DBE3DA958F9" box="[524,651,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">griseofrons</emphasis>
|
||
is not applicable to the central western population described herein as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFF2B1D9B3E67591D" box="[151,325,1268,1292]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF2B1D9B3F8C591D" box="[151,174,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF001D9A3E67591D" box="[188,325,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A36B6FFA96C5CFF791C793E5F5A3D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFF791C793E9F5921" bold="true" box="[197,445,1303,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Few details are available on the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D35FFA96C5CFC401C773A245921" box="[1020,1286,1304,1328]" class="Aves" family="Rallidae" genus="Mentocrex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gruiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="beankaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFC401C773A245921" box="[1020,1286,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Mentocrex beankaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has been observed in different portions of the Bemaraha Massif. The direct line distance between the southernmost known record in the Bemaraha and the site at Beanka is
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFD001C0E3C335969" box="[700,785,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="125.0">125 km</quantity>
|
||
and the width of appropriate habitat across this zone does not exceed
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B53FFA96C5CFEA71CEA3E74598D" box="[283,342,1412,1436]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="57" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
in most areas. Hence, based on current information this species has a very limited distribution. Further research is needed to define its known geographical range more clearly and to derive estimates of population density. Most of the Bemaraha Massif falls within the protected areas system of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA96C5CFBF71CA23BF059F5" box="[1099,1234,1484,1508]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAA4FFA96C5CFA8D1CA33F9B5A19" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">terra typica</emphasis>
|
||
of this new species is under the conservation management by the organization Biodiversity Conservation
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3327626FFA96C5CFF2B1F7A3E3C5A3D" box="[151,286,1556,1580]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="57">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(BCM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |