373 lines
49 KiB
XML
373 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="6CEC7850F60D92513DE230D2FBD5AB17" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00223.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5427304" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630414150146" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Guayasamin, Juan M., Bustamante, Martín R., Almeida-Reinoso, Diego & Funk, W. Chris" docDate="2006" docId="038C878BAE1CFFFFFF60F0DDFDBDFDB5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2006.00223.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 147 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00223.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Centrolene buckleyi" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="499" masterDocId="FFB5FFF3AE14FFF4FFA3F43FFF90FFDD" masterDocTitle="Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics" masterLastPageNumber="513" masterPageNumber="489" pageNumber="497" updateTime="1699262532296" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="273961B5348447F8287DD83DC5DF3811">Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) of Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, with the description of a new species and comments on centrolenid systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12C6D1E3AF5726E5C2804DE76C63F4E7">Guayasamin, Juan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="870E12B0D76C2BC0E308D8167A78FC39">Bustamante, Martín R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA26877C8E3FF5418EA072D1442D766">Almeida-Reinoso, Diego</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D23E67F46795976CA7A2977B8845EE3E">Funk, W. Chris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6F9054E102AA08025236DF7A5A1400CE">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E2585E48B16BDE3ED8864E53AEC5914E">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2CF7D58C292631653F19E3088E074E27">2006-08-31</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE1CFFFCFF60F0DDFD51FB27" box="[195,705,1250,1274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFF60F0DDFD51FB27" blockId="8.[195,705,1250,1274]" box="[195,705,1250,1274]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
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<heading id="D0D281F1AE1CFFFCFF60F0DDFD51FB27" box="[195,705,1250,1274]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFF60F0DDFD51FB27" ID-CoL="69HTJ" authority="(BOULENGER, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[195,705,1250,1274]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFF60F0DDFE44FB24" box="[195,468,1250,1274]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">CENTROLENE BUCKLEYI</emphasis>
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(BOULENGER, 1882)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE1CFFFCFF2DF12CFA1EFC05" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFF2DF12CFC0FFDBA" blockId="8.[142,758,1299,1903]" lastBlockId="8.[806,1422,195,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFF2DF12CFF6EFAF5" box="[142,254,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFEAEF12CFE7BFAF5" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[269,491,1299,1320]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFEAEF12CFE7BFAF5" box="[269,491,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from other species in the family by the following combination of characters: (1) vomerine teeth absent; (2) in life, bones green; (3) in preservative, parietal peritoneum and pericardium white, hepatic peritoneum clear, visceral peritoneum cream, peritoneum around kidneys cream; (4) in life, dorsum uniform green with or without spinules and scattered, whitish warts; in preservative, dorsum lavender with or without whitish warts; (5) webbing absent between Fingers I and II, basal webbing between Fingers II and III; webbing between outer fingers usually III (2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFE1EF25FFE41F9B3" attach="right" box="[445,465,1632,1646]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/2</superScript>
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−3
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFE4FF25FFE64F9B3" attach="none" box="[492,500,1632,1646]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">–</superScript>
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)–(2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD82F25FFDA5F9B3" attach="right" box="[545,565,1632,1646]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/3</superScript>
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−2) IV; (6) webbing formula on foot usually I (1
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFE5DF241FD83F951" attach="right" box="[510,531,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/2</superScript>
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−2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD8DF241FDA6F951" attach="none" box="[558,566,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">–</superScript>
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)–(2 ± 2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD28F241FD30F951" attach="none" box="[651,672,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/4</superScript>
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) II (1
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD43F241FD78F951" attach="none" box="[736,744,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">–</superScript>
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− 1
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFF3FF2A2FF34F976" attach="none" box="[156,164,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">+</superScript>
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)–(2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFF73F2A2FF74F976" attach="none" box="[208,228,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/4</superScript>
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−2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFEA3F2A2FE84F976" attach="none" box="[256,276,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/2</superScript>
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) III (1 ± 1
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFE2CF2A2FE34F976" attach="none" box="[399,420,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/2</superScript>
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)–(2
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<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFE73F2A2FE74F976" attach="right" box="[464,484,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">1/3</superScript>
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−2
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||
<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFDA3F2A2FD84F976" attach="none" box="[512,532,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">2/3</superScript>
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) IV (2
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||
<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFDC6F2A2FDE9F976" attach="right" box="[613,633,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">2/3</superScript>
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−3
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||
<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD36F2A2FD0DF976" attach="none" box="[661,669,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">–</superScript>
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)−1
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||
<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFD63F2A2FD45F976" attach="left" box="[704,725,1693,1707]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">2/3</superScript>
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V; (7) snout round in dorsal aspect, slightly sloping to sloping in lateral profile (
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<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE1CFFFCFE1DF2E0FDA3F929" box="[446,563,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="9.[162,240,1354,1373]" captionTargetBox="[323,1282,196,1321]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 5. Lateral and dorsal views of heads. A, B, Centrolene buckleyi, male, QCAZ 22388; C, D, Cochranella posadae, male, QCAZ 26023; E, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., female, QCAZ 26028; F, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., male, QCAZ 26029. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427312/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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); (8) dorsal skin finely shagreen, with or without spinules; (9) ulnar and tarsal tubercles absent; outer ulnar and tarsal folds low or absent; (10) humeral spine present; (11) tympanum orientated almost vertically, with slight lateral and posterior inclinations, tympanic annulus visible except for its dorsal border, which is covered by a low supratympanic fold; tympanic membrane not differentiated from skin around tympanum; (12) SVL in males
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<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFC09F501FBDBFE8E" box="[938,1099,318,340]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.79" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="29.2" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="27.9">27.9–30.5 mm</quantity>
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(mean = 28.9;
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFAADF500FA8DFE89" box="[1294,1309,319,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">n</emphasis>
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= 20); in females
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<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFC2BF562FBBAFEAF" box="[904,1066,349,370]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="32.1" valueMax="34.4" valueMin="29.8">29.8–34.4 mm</quantity>
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(mean = 31.7;
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB7BF562FB77FEAF" box="[1240,1255,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">n</emphasis>
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= 5); (13) prepollical spine not protruding externally; nuptial pad large (
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<typeStatus id="549E883FAE1CFFFCFCD7F5A5FC3DFE72" box="[884,941,410,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Type</typeStatus>
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I of
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFC51F5A5FB14FE6D" author="Flores G" box="[1010,1156,410,432]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="313 - 320" refId="ref13338" refString="Flores G. 1985. A new Centrolenella (Anura) from Ecuador, with comments on nuptial pads and prepollical spines in Centrolenella. Journal of Herpetology 13: 313 - 320." type="journal article" year="1985">
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<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1CFFFCFC51F5A5FBABFE6D" box="[1010,1083,410,432]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Flores</collectingCountry>
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, 1985
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</bibRefCitation>
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); nuptial excrescences cream, finely granular; (14) pair of large, round tubercles posteroventral to vent (as illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFA8FF5E8FC4FFDD6" author="Lynch JD & Duellman WE" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch & Duellman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 2A); (15) when adpressed, Finger II longer than Finger I (
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<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE1CFFFCFBE6F62AFB09FDF6" box="[1093,1177,533,555]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[142,220,1362,1381]" captionTargetBox="[302,1260,201,1326]" captionTargetId="figure-334@10.[631,936,711,1338]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Ventral view of hands and feet. A, B, Centrolene buckleyi, male, QCAZ 22388; C, D, Cochranella posadae, males, QCAZ 25090 and 26023, respectively; E, F, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., female, QCAZ 26028. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427314/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
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); (16) liver with four lobes; (17) diameter of eye almost twice width of disc of Finger III.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFC9CF64EFA1EFC05" blockId="8.[806,1422,195,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFC9CF64EFB8BFD5B" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[831,1051,625,646]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFC9CF64EFB8BFD5B" box="[831,1051,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFB25F64EFA1DFD5B" box="[1158,1421,625,646]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB25F64EFA1DFD5B" box="[1158,1421,625,646]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group based on the possession of humeral spines, green bones, eye larger than disc of Finger III, and white pericardium and parietal peritoneum (but see Remarks). Most species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFB0AF6D4FCC0FCFD" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB0AF6D4FCC0FCFD" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group differ from those in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFB69F735FCE0FCE3" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peristictum">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB69F735FCE0FCE3" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene peristictum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by lacking white pigment on the digestive tract (white pigment present in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFAF9F777FC6AFCA1" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peristictum">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFAF9F777FC6AFCA1" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene peristictum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group) and from species in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFAF9F759FB94FC47" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1872" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geckoideum">
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<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFAF9F759FB94FC47" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene geckoideum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by having an eye that is larger than the disc of Finger III (diameter of eye <disc of Finger III in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFB90F7FDFAA6FC0A" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1872" box="[1075,1334,962,983]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geckoideum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB90F7FDFAA6FC0A" box="[1075,1334,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene geckoideum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33F6516AE1CFFFFFC9CF7DEFDBDFDB5" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFC9CF7DEFBD6FB10" blockId="8.[806,1422,195,1229]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFC9CF7DEFBB5FC2B" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[831,1061,993,1014]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFC9CF7DEFBB5FC2B" box="[831,1061,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguished from other species in the region by having a humeral spine (in males), white upper lip, a moderate size (SVL in males
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFCD2F002FB84FB8F" box="[881,1044,1085,1107]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" metricValueMax="3.05" metricValueMin="2.79" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="29.2" valueMax="30.5" valueMin="27.9">27.9–30.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; in females
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1CFFFCFB3EF002FAAFFB8F" box="[1181,1343,1085,1106]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.44" metricValueMin="2.98" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" unit="mm" value="32.1" valueMax="34.4" valueMin="29.8">29.8–34.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and a sloping snout in lateral profile. Additional characters distinguishing species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1CFFFCFB21F045FA1DFB52" box="[1154,1421,1146,1167]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFB21F045FA1DFB52" box="[1154,1421,1146,1167]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFBBFF0A6FA16FB72" author="Ruiz-Carranza PM & Lynch JD" box="[1052,1414,1177,1199]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref13952" refString="Ruiz-Carranza PM, Lynch JD. 1991 a. Ranas Centrolenidae de Colombia I: propuesta de una nueva clasificacion generica. Lozania 57: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1991">Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A70326AE1CFFFCFC48F088FBD0FB10" box="[1003,1088,1207,1229]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[141,205,467,488]" captionText="Table 1. Character state distribution in species of the Centrolene prosoblepon group. Spinules are as described by Flores (1985). For simplicity, when coding snout shape in lateral view, the character state ‘truncate’ contains truncate or subtruncate. The character state ‘sloping’ means gradually inclined anteroventrally" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFC85F0CAFAC9FA3F" blockId="8.[806,1422,1269,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFC85F0CAFC2EFAD7" box="[806,958,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Colour in life</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal surfaces bright to dark green, sharply demarcated laterally from white lower flanks; throat and most of venter pale green; parietal peritoneum yellowish white; heart not visible; edge of upper lip, outer edge of tarsus and cloacal stripe white; bones green; iris pale copper flecked with black (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1CFFFCFA84F1B1FC72FA1F" author="Lynch JD & Duellman WE" pageId="8" pageNumber="497" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch & Duellman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE1CFFFCFC51F192FBF6FA1E" box="[1010,1126,1453,1475]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1766,1785]" captionTargetBox="[142,1422,717,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-346@4.[599,996,1048,1376]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of glass frogs. A, B, Centrolene buckleyi from Yanayacu Biological Station, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26032 (WCF); C, Centrolene buckleyi from Carchi, male, dorsolateral view, MECN 1246 (MRB); D, E, Cochranella posadae, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 25090 (WCF); F, Centrolene bacatum, dorsolateral view, male, QCAZ 26056 (MRB); G, H, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., males, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26029 and 27441, respectively (MRB); I, Cochranella griffithsi, dorsolateral view, QCAZ 29525 (JMG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427310/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, specimens from YBS have white warts on dorsum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE1CFFFCFB54F1F4FADDFA3F" box="[1271,1357,1483,1506]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="4.[142,220,1766,1785]" captionTargetBox="[142,1422,717,1733]" captionTargetId="figure-346@4.[599,996,1048,1376]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 4. Photographs of glass frogs. A, B, Centrolene buckleyi from Yanayacu Biological Station, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26032 (WCF); C, Centrolene buckleyi from Carchi, male, dorsolateral view, MECN 1246 (MRB); D, E, Cochranella posadae, male, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 25090 (WCF); F, Centrolene bacatum, dorsolateral view, male, QCAZ 26056 (MRB); G, H, Cochranella wileyi sp. nov., males, dorsolateral and ventral views, QCAZ 26029 and 27441, respectively (MRB); I, Cochranella griffithsi, dorsolateral view, QCAZ 29525 (JMG)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427310" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427310/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFDFC9CF1D5FD02F9DD" blockId="8.[806,1422,1269,1904]" lastBlockId="9.[162,777,1483,1536]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="498" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1CFFFCFC9CF1D5FBD4F9DD" box="[831,1092,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">Colour in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsum of head and body lavender with or without small, unpigmented spots; limbs cream with slight lavender tonality; conspicuous white border on the upper lip, lower lip lacks white pigmentation; dorsally, all fingers, Toes I–III and most of Toe IV unpigmented; outer edge of forearm faintly marked with white pigment; cloacal region mostly unpigmented, except for few minute white spots. Males with cream nuptial pad on Finger I. Ulnar and tarsal folds whitish; venter cream. Two males (QCAZ 26031 and 32) were dissected to observe coloration of internal organs: parietal peritoneum white covering the anterior two-thirds to three-quarters of the belly, pericardium white, hepatic peritoneum transparent, visceral peritoneum cream, kidneys cream.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1CFFFCFDF2F25FFDF5F9B3" blockId="8.[142,758,1299,1903]" box="[593,613,1632,1646]" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">
|
||
<superScript id="7C509BD5AE1CFFFCFDF2F25FFDF5F9B3" attach="none" box="[593,613,1632,1646]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="497">2/3</superScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A6615AE1DFFFDFF01F175FE3CFA45" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427312" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5427312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427312/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" startId="9.[162,240,1354,1373]" targetBox="[323,1282,196,1321]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1DFFFDFF01F175FE3CFA45" blockId="9.[162,1442,1354,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFF01F175FE9AFA80" bold="true" box="[162,266,1354,1373]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and dorsal views of heads. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFD6DF175FC0CFA80" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[718,924,1354,1373]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFD6DF175FC0CFA80" box="[718,924,1354,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, QCAZ 22388; C, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFB63F175FA0BFA80" box="[1216,1435,1354,1373]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFB63F175FA0BFA80" box="[1216,1435,1354,1373]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Cochranella posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, QCAZ 26023; E,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFE32F158FDFEFAA7" authority="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk, 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk" authorityYear="2006" box="[401,622,1383,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wileyi" status="sp. nov.">Cochranella wileyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257F4AE1DFFFDFDD6F158FD5DFAA6" box="[629,717,1383,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFDD6F158FD58FAA7" bold="true" box="[629,712,1383,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, female, QCAZ 26028; F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFC7AF158FB26FAA7" authority="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk, 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk" authorityYear="2006" box="[985,1206,1383,1402]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wileyi" status="sp. nov.">Cochranella wileyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257F4AE1DFFFDFB1EF158FA85FAA6" box="[1213,1301,1383,1403]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFB1EF158FA80FAA7" bold="true" box="[1213,1296,1383,1402]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male, QCAZ 26029. Scale bar = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1DFFFDFF01F226FD34F991" blockId="9.[162,777,1560,1613]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFF01F226FE3AF9F0" box="[162,426,1560,1582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Measurements (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
: Measurements of the specimens collected at YBS are shown in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A70326AE1DFFFDFDE9F208FD30F991" box="[586,672,1591,1613]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="11.[162,226,699,718]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Centrolene buckleyi from Yanayacu Biological Station" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1DFFFDFF01F25AFA85F9E0" blockId="9.[162,778,1637,1904]" lastBlockId="9.[826,1442,1483,1597]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFF01F25AFDEDF9A7" box="[162,637,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Distribution, ecology, and natural history</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFD32F25AFF6FF945" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFD32F25AFF6FF945" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is found between 2100 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1DFFFDFDC3F2BBFD25F944" box="[608,693,1668,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" unit="m" value="3300.0">3300 m</quantity>
|
||
in the Andes of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1DFFFDFEBAF29DFE1EF965" box="[281,398,1698,1720]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
through
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1DFFFDFDA6F29DFDE0F965" box="[517,624,1698,1720]" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1DFFFDFF01F2FEFE91F90A" box="[162,257,1729,1751]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1DFFFDFEACF2FEFE00F90A" author="Frost DR" box="[271,400,1729,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" refId="ref13405" refString="Frost DR. 2004. Amphibian species of the World: an online reference, Version 3.0 (22 August, 2004). Electronic database accessible at http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html. New York: American Museum of NaturalHistory." type="url" year="2004">Frost, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1DFFFDFD99F2FEFDE0F90B" box="[570,624,1729,1750]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1DFFFDFDDDF2FEFEB1F92B" author="Duellman WE & Wild ER" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref13272" refString="Duellman WE, Wild ER. 1993. Anuran amphibians from the Cordillera de Huancabamba, northern Peru: systematics, ecology, and biogeography. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 157: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1993">Duellman & Wild, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although we have inventoried Yanayacu intensively for 3 years, only three individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFF01F322FE8DF8EF" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[162,285,1821,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFF01F322FE8DF8EF" box="[162,285,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been found, suggesting that this species is quite rare. One male (QCAZ 22388) was found on a leaf approximately
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1DFFFDFE6DF365FDB0F8AD" box="[462,544,1882,1904]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" unit="cm" value="160.0">160 cm</quantity>
|
||
above a stream in secondary cloud forest at night. This male was found close to a clutch of eggs. A second male (QCAZ 26031) was found calling from a bamboo leaf
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1DFFFDFAA6F236FAC6F9C3" box="[1285,1366,1545,1566]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" unit="cm" value="300.0">300 cm</quantity>
|
||
above a stream in primary forest, also at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1DFFFEFC99F25AFE52F8C9" blockId="9.[826,1443,1637,1904]" lastBlockId="10.[142,758,1453,1812]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="499" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFC99F25AFCFAF9A7" box="[826,874,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Call</emphasis>
|
||
: We recorded nine calls of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D23FD14AE1DFFFDFB11F25AFA8DF9A6" box="[1202,1309,1637,1659]" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1DFFFDFA8AF25AFC07F945" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1DFFFDFA8AF25AFC07F945" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(QCAZ 26032; SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1DFFFDFB37F2BCFB68F944" box="[1172,1272,1667,1689]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" pageId="9" pageNumber="498" unit="mm" value="25.9">25.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
) in the laboratory of QCAZ (air temperature = 22.7 °C; cassette number QCAZ-CC-154). The male began calling from a cooler, escaped the cooler, and then continued calling in a dark room. Each call consisted of 1–5 notes, each note with two distinct metallic, high-pitched pulses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131E2A18AE1DFFFDFAF0F322FA05F8EF" box="[1363,1429,1821,1843]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[826,904,1278,1297]" captionTargetBox="[828,1439,583,1243]" captionTargetId="figure-375@11.[826,1440,581,1245]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. A, power spectrum; B, sonagram; and C, oscillogram of the advertisement call of Centrolene buckleyi (QCAZ 26032). The call shown here consists of four notes, each note with two distinct pulses. The power spectrum was measured along the duration of the first note." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427316/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="498">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). These calls presumably represent advertisement calls, although recordings of other males in the field will be necessary to confirm this presumption. A detailed summary of call parameters is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A70326AE1EFFFEFD82F1F4FDE5FA3D" box="[545,629,1483,1505]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[162,226,1480,1499]" captionText="Table 3. Call parameters of a single male Centrolene buckleyi (QCAZ 26032). All calls consist of at least one note with two distinct pulses (Fig. 7). Calls were recorded in the laboratory at 22.7 °C. N refers to the number of samples for the given call parameter" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
. The call of the specimen collected at YBS differs remarkably from previous reports. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1EFFFEFE45F236FD56F9C2" author="Bolivar W & Grant T & Osorio LA" box="[486,710,1545,1567]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" pagination="77 - 83" refId="ref12853" refString="Bolivar W, Grant T, Osorio LA. 1999. Combat behavior in Centrolene buckleyi and other centrolenid frogs. Alytes 16: 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Bolívar
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFDE3F236FDE1F9C3" box="[576,625,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the fundamental frequency of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFE41F217FDCCF9E1" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[482,604,1575,1597]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFE41F217FDCCF9E1" box="[482,604,1575,1597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1EFFFEFD29F218FD65F9E0" box="[650,757,1575,1597]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(4°44′39′N, 76°18′16′W;
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1EFFFEFE3EF279FE61F986" box="[413,497,1606,1627]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" unit="m" value="2220.0">2220 m</quantity>
|
||
) was 5200 Hz (highest frequency in the YBS specimen = 4139 Hz;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6A70326AE1EFFFEFD30F25AFD78F9A6" box="[659,744,1637,1659]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="11.[162,226,1480,1499]" captionText="Table 3. Call parameters of a single male Centrolene buckleyi (QCAZ 26032). All calls consist of at least one note with two distinct pulses (Fig. 7). Calls were recorded in the laboratory at 22.7 °C. N refers to the number of samples for the given call parameter" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The differences between these calls may represent geographical variation within a single species, different
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E883FAE1EFFFEFF2DF2FEFF2FF90B" box="[142,191,1729,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of call and/or measurement errors, but it is also possible that the two populations represent distinct lineages (discussed below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5A6615AE1EFFFEFF2DF16DFAD9FA5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5427314" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427314/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" startId="10.[142,220,1362,1381]" targetBox="[302,1260,201,1326]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1EFFFEFF2DF16DFAD9FA5E" blockId="10.[142,1422,1362,1411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFF2DF16DFF66FAB8" bold="true" box="[142,246,1362,1381]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of hands and feet. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFD26F16DFCC1FAB8" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[645,849,1362,1381]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFD26F16DFCC1FAB8" box="[645,849,1362,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, QCAZ 22388; C, D,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFBC6F16DFAAEFAB8" box="[1125,1342,1362,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="posadae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFBC6F16DFAAEFAB8" box="[1125,1342,1362,1381]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Cochranella posadae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, males, QCAZ 25090 and 26023, respectively; E, F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFDFBF150FCA6FA5F" authority="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk, 2006" authorityName="Guayasamin & Bustamante & Almeida-Reinoso & Funk" authorityYear="2006" box="[600,822,1391,1410]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cleomaceae" genus="Cochranella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wileyi" status="sp. nov.">Cochranella wileyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26257F4AE1EFFFEFC9DF150FC06FA5E" box="[830,918,1391,1411]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFC9DF150FC01FA5F" bold="true" box="[830,913,1391,1410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, female, QCAZ 26028. Scale bar = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9A369DAE1EFFFFFF2DF304FDBDFDB5" blockId="10.[142,757,1851,1904]" lastBlockId="11.[162,778,195,616]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="500" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFF2DF304FF63F88D" box="[142,243,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The validity of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFE49F304FD65F88D" box="[490,757,1851,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prosoblepon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFE49F304FD65F88D" box="[490,757,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Centrolene prosoblepon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group as a monophyletic group remains to be tested; it is important to emphasize that phenetic groups (if not supported by unambiguous synapomorphies) are convenient only for some taxonomic activities such as identifying and naming species. Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1EFFFEFAF9F236FC48F9E1" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1EFFFEFAF9F236FC48F9E1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="499">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected in YBS (QCAZ 22388, 26031 and 32) differ from the description presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1EFFFEFAEBF279FB9EF9A6" author="Lynch JD & Duellman WE" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch & Duellman (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in the following (characters in parentheses are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1EFFFEFB8EF2BCFAC9F947" author="Lynch JD & Duellman WE" box="[1069,1369,1667,1690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" pagination="1 - 66" refId="ref13713" refString="Lynch JD, Duellman WE. 1973. A review of the centrolenid frogs of Ecuador, with descriptions of new species. Occasional Papers, Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas 16: 1 - 66." type="journal article" year="1973">Lynch & Duellman, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): (1) dorsum with scattered whitish warts (no warts); (2) when adpressed, Finger II longer than Finger I (first and second fingers equal in length); (3) outer edge of forearm with lightly white dermal ridge (ulnar ridge absent); (4) inner edge of tarsus with low fold (tarsal fold absent); and (5) SVL in males,
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1EFFFEFB4EF304FA1EF88C" box="[1261,1422,1851,1873]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.59" metricValueMax="2.65" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" unit="mm" value="25.9" valueMax="26.5" valueMin="25.3">25.3–26.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD9B78AE1EFFFEFC8EF365FC42F8AD" box="[813,978,1882,1904]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.895" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.84" pageId="10" pageNumber="499" unit="mm" value="28.95" valueMax="29.5" valueMin="28.4">28.4–29.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Examination of a larger series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFF01F4FBFE8DFF05" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[162,285,195,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFF01F4FBFE8DFF05" box="[162,285,195,217]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Appendix 1) reveals that most of the differences mentioned above are artefacts of a small sample size or mistaken observations. Additionally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1FFFFFFD67F53EFEF1FEE8" author="Lynch JD & Renjifo JM" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" refId="ref13753" refString="Lynch JD, Renjifo JM. 2001. Guia de Anfibios y Reptiles de Bogota y sus alrededores. Bogota, Colombia: Departamento Tecnico Administrativo del Medio Ambiente." type="book" year="2001">Lynch & Renjifo (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFD33F51FFC9AFEE9" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[656,778,287,309]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFD33F51FFC9AFEE9" box="[656,778,287,309]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">C. buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have tubercles in the reproductive season.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1FFFFFFD00F501FECAFEAE" author="Myers CW & Donnelly MA" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref13815" refString="Myers CW, Donnelly MA. 1997. A Tepui herpetofauna on a granitic mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil: report from the Phipps Tapirapeco Expedition. American Museum Novitates 3213: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1997">Myers & Donnelly (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
elevated the Venezuelan populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFF1CF544FE0EFE4D" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[191,414,379,400]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFF1CF544FE0EFE4D" box="[191,414,379,400]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFE0CF544FE1CFE6D" authority="Rivero, 1968" authorityName="Rivero" authorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolenella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="buckleyi" subSpecies="venezuelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFE0CF544FF7DFE72" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">Centrolenella buckleyi venezuelensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1FFFFFFF5AF5A5FE1CFE6D" author="Rivero JA" box="[249,396,410,432]" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" pagination="301 - 334" refId="ref13922" refString="Rivero JA. 1968. Los centrolenidos de Venezuela (Amphibia, Salientia). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle 28: 301 - 334." type="journal article" year="1968">Rivero, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to the species level,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFD32F5A5FE4EFE12" authority="(Rivero, 1968)" baseAuthorityName="Rivero" baseAuthorityYear="1968" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="venezuelense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFD32F5A5FEA1FE13" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">Centrolene venezuelense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1FFFFFFEE0F586FE46FE12" author="Rivero JA" box="[323,470,441,463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" pagination="301 - 334" refId="ref13922" refString="Rivero JA. 1968. Los centrolenidos de Venezuela (Amphibia, Salientia). Memorias de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales la Salle 28: 301 - 334." type="journal article" year="1968">Rivero, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but they did not provide evidence supporting this taxonomic change. Although it is possible that the populations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332760DAE1FFFFFFDE7F5C9FD29FDD1" box="[580,697,502,524]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
form a distinct lineage (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6CAE1FFFFFFECDF62AFD81FDF6" author="Senaris JC" box="[366,529,533,555]" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" refId="ref14351" refString="Senaris JC. 2001. Revision taxonomica de la familia Centrolenidae (Amphibia; Anura) en Venezuela. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain." type="book" year="2001">Señaris, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), taxonomic changes need to be justified with studies across the distribution range of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1EAE1FFFFFFEE1F66DFDB0FDBA" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[322,544,594,615]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="500" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EA8FAE1FFFFFFEE1F66DFDB0FDBA" box="[322,544,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="500">Centrolene buckleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |