treatments-xml/data/03/8C/87/038C8788E84FFFB9FF792E91FB6137B5.xml
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<mods:title id="7AF9C4C939EF7463FEC6ADF3C4A25C59">Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7BC2809AFAF9A1CE1325AB9A372A72D7">Betts, Joel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2613DB16ACBB1185300FDB99DE19EBE9">Universidad Americana (UAM, Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente, Managua, Nicaragua edgar. ecologica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8148 - 3195</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="561B067F9CF6267BFC33C5E68CA59A89">Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano Biodiversity Center. Zamorano University of Tegucigalpa, P. O. Box 93, Honduras evandenberghe @ zamorano. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7566 - 0415</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8B9A369EE84FFFB9FF792E91FF5536B1" blockId="12.[151,1437,654,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FF792E91FF4A36D4" bold="true" box="[151,235,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Family</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE84FFFB9FF182E91FDE136D5" ID-CoL="9MS" ID-ENA="7926" authority="Valenciennes 1847" authorityName="Valenciennes" authorityYear="1847" box="[246,576,654,681]" family="Elopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Elopiformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FF182E91FEC136D4" bold="true" box="[246,352,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Elopidae</emphasis>
Valenciennes 1847
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(
<figureCitation id="131E2A1BE84FFFB9FDBD2E90FD0D36D5" box="[595,684,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,190,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[217,1369,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 2. Families of continental fishes of Nicaragua, part 1; Carcharhinidae (A), Pristidae (B), Dasyatidae (C), Potamotrygonidae (D), Lepisosteidae (E), Elopidae (F), Megalopidae (G), Ophichthidae (H), Anguillidae (I), Engraulidae (J), Pristigasteridae (K), Dorosomatidae (L) and Cyprinidae (M). Illustrations adapted (with permission) from Nelson et al. (2016) and Angulo et al. (2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10208794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10208794/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Ladyfishes, Tenpounders, Machetes; Macabís, Machetes, Peces Torpedo
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9A369EE84FFFB9FF792EC9FB6137B5" blockId="12.[151,1437,654,969]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FF792EC9FE8A368C" bold="true" box="[151,299,726,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description:</emphasis>
Body elongate, slender and rounded (little compressed), fusiform; up to
<quantity id="4CDD9B7BE84FFFB9FB932EC8FB72368D" box="[1149,1235,727,753]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
in length; mouth terminal and relatively long, ending past eye; teeth small, granular, on jaws, roof of mouth, tongue and base of gill arches; scales relatively small, usually
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lateral-line; all fins without spines; pelvic-fin rays usually 1216; a single dorsal fin, usually with 2025 rays, the last ray not elongate; insertion of pelvic fin beneath or posterior to the origin of the dorsal fin; anal-fin rays usually 1318; caudal fin strongly forked; usually silvery in color (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B6FE84FFFB9FAC92F78FE9837D9" author="Robertson &amp; Allen" firstAuthor="Robertson" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref85732" refString="Robertson, D. R. &amp; Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama´. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (acccesed 18 February 2023)" type="url" year="2015">Robertson &amp; Allen 2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE84FFFB9FEA92F94FE3737D9" box="[327,406,907,933]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FE4F2F94FE7D37D9" box="[417,476,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2016).
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FDD72F95FD7437D8" bold="true" box="[569,725,906,932]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Distribution:</emphasis>
Mainly marine (rarely brackish and freshwater); tropical and subtropical oceans (
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE84FFFB9FE9B2FB0FE6737B5" box="[373,454,943,969]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE84FFFB9FE232FB0FDA737B5" box="[461,518,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
2016). One genus and two species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.
</paragraph>
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