treatments-xml/data/03/8C/87/038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025.xml
2024-06-21 12:22:17 +02:00

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<document id="4CFEEC0AB6AB6D1D3ABCAB8626007428" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10208788" ID-ZooBank="9ECCB3F7-5481-47C2-8A5A-E9A3F38C31BA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1701073812311" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. &amp; Matamoros, Wilfredo A." docDate="2023" docId="038C8788E848FFBEFF792EE5FD5B3025" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5376.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5376 (1)" docSource="https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/download/zootaxa.5376.1.1/52351" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Potamotrygonidae Garman 1877" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFB5FFF0E843FFB5FFEE2C1FFFA1347C" masterDocTitle="Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1701194607627" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title id="16DC5B21F7BE34B1D011AC1F6AD1F982">Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="74EDAEE58ADB6049349B63B23436B669">Angulo, Arturo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6015CE3329C937E2716B31CADCEEAE89">Betts, Joel T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5122123A52754C637AD62430F0AB7FA6">Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd # 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA joel. t. betts @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6018 - 8995</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="5E87C56F0C5757080BE84FCB73DB856F">Universidad Americana (UAM, Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente, Managua, Nicaragua edgar. ecologica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8148 - 3195</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B42130F928C2DF9885E20D6C9046D4AA">Berghe, Eric Van Den</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EB3F6352FE8377D9D817D470C988E8AA">Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano Biodiversity Center. Zamorano University of Tegucigalpa, P. O. Box 93, Honduras evandenberghe @ zamorano. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7566 - 0415</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7190075335930A37D6DE0276AFED6BE2">Elías, Diego J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0D3C9AA225269F125A34E5C93325891">Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH). Chicago, Illinois, United States of America delias @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4215 - 0384 cmcmahan @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2113 - 8554</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6515E848FFBEFF792EE5FF413745" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9A369EE848FFBEFF792EE5FF413745" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFF792EE5FF4A3768" bold="true" box="[151,235,762,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Family</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C254D1DE848FFBEFF1D2EE5FDD03769" ID-CoL="627MW" ID-ENA="86367" authority="Garman 1877" authorityName="Garman" authorityYear="1877" box="[243,625,762,789]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Potamotrygonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Myliobatiformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFF1D2EE5FE713768" bold="true" box="[243,464,762,788]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Potamotrygonidae</emphasis>
Garman 1877
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(
<figureCitation id="131E2A1BE848FFBEFD6E2EE4FD7A3769" box="[640,731,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,190,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[217,1369,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 2. Families of continental fishes of Nicaragua, part 1; Carcharhinidae (A), Pristidae (B), Dasyatidae (C), Potamotrygonidae (D), Lepisosteidae (E), Elopidae (F), Megalopidae (G), Ophichthidae (H), Anguillidae (I), Engraulidae (J), Pristigasteridae (K), Dorosomatidae (L) and Cyprinidae (M). Illustrations adapted (with permission) from Nelson et al. (2016) and Angulo et al. (2021)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10208794" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10208794/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). River Stingrays, Whiptail Stingrays; Rayas de Espina, Rayas Látigo
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6515E848FFBEFF792F5DFA3C3791" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9A369EE848FFBEFF792F5DFA3C3791" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFF792F5DFE8A3720" bold="true" box="[151,299,834,860]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description:</emphasis>
Body strongly depressed; anterior edge of the greatly enlarged pectoral fins attached to the sides of the head via the antorbital cartilage; up to about
<quantity id="4CDD9B7BE848FFBEFD432F78FD5E37FD" box="[685,767,871,897]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="cm" value="100.0">100 cm</quantity>
in length; disc a rounded rhomboid, wider than long, evenly rounded at the front; eyes and spiracles on dorsal surface; gill openings ventral; pelvic fins modified as copulatory organs in males; anal fin absent; tail long (distance from cloaca to tip much longer than disc width), very slender to whip-like, without dorsal fin but with one or more long, poisonous spines; caudal fin absent (
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE848FFBEFB542FCCFAAA3791" box="[1210,1291,979,1005]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFAFD2FCCFAED3791" box="[1299,1356,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2016).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33F6515E848FFBEFF792FE9FD5B3025" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9A369EE848FFBEFF792FE9FD5B3025" blockId="11.[151,1437,762,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFF792FE9FE92306C" bold="true" box="[151,307,1014,1040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution:</emphasis>
Marine (continental and insular shelves and uppermost slopes), brackish and freshwater (mostly); tropical to warm temperate, North, Central and South America and Atlantic and Pacific oceans (
<collectingRegion id="49E1F87CE848FFBEFB512804FAB13049" box="[1215,1296,1051,1077]" country="New Zealand" name="Nelson" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Nelson</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B951EA8CE848FFBEFAF82804FAEF3049" box="[1302,1358,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2016). One genus and one species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.
</paragraph>
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