230 lines
30 KiB
XML
230 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B1B67FD2097400FC0C3FB47FD7367E02" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141077" ID-ZooBank="88FB3CE1-BA6A-417A-BC25-F1AA2AE68DCE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627458037830" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fitzgerald, Scott J." docDate="2021" docId="038087FF7D5BFFE5FF47E9DAFC2CFFDB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5005.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5005 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plecia nessiae Fitzgerald 2021, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFB9FF877D51FFE9FFD0ED5CFFC1FB32" masterDocTitle="New species of Neotropical Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) and delineation of the americana-, nigra-, and xyele- species-groups" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1699025191039" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="776CC8DB77A6C2FFB1CFB8A99BD047AA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E33928EAC472BA52B031690786131CD6">
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<mods:title id="18013E5C216DFE3A733A1035ABB76F24">New species of Neotropical Plecia Wiedemann (Diptera: Bibionidae) and delineation of the americana-, nigra-, and xyele- species-groups</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="48A70A050751F694CEBE57ACCF8A279D" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1F48F9C31B06917A6540B8FE6D04E555">
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<mods:roleTerm id="993F3D763F5D284CE23E2B9F7B3C3196">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0662B32FCE2C2396D53B260FB17AE058">Fitzgerald, Scott J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6158CD81EC9A0DAEB5FE438E64E637F1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A2370E818FCBE8594B2F53B891FCC56C">
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<mods:title id="3CA67576D9BC4796BECA9AC428F893E1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="541B012867CB73E90F44EE6037E87CF1">
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<mods:date id="A9C8544CAB56DE6064634062D59158C7">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BF7A0DE87B3FD440A8C453A6FFD2D448" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="B26B382CEB7978ADDAE36E2BE34DF2CE">2021-07-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E273AA80AB95F49CDF9329C8150007B8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E49D721F6B725721FBA928E4D480F0E9">5005</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="5775BAAACE5D106A65ACFEBDCACC8FBF" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="EE919E83664B29F7D3C52D367EF7FA27">1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="721BBCF209F55EE68551B43FE728A1C1" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="7E76724C9A00FF5D0AC05142119FBB4A">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="873614ABF2841A73F9AF3731DEBE84BE">40</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="FFFFA5F05786C212CE5DBA1C2A54A4DF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9514020F24505CC276F4236D8F9DC314" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5005.1.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C9DAEF6E6AAE1506844A62D28B6A2DD" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0F2197A586488BAA6DB34F7477E8239" type="Zenodo-Dep">5141077</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A3713926DABFFAECE2AECD742B1936C6" type="ZooBank">88FB3CE1-BA6A-417A-BC25-F1AA2AE68DCE</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="038087FF7D5BFFE5FF47E9DAFC2CFFDB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5151051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5151051" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D5BFFE5FF47E9DAFC2CFFDB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087FF7D5BFFE5FF47E9DAFC2CFFDB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C33365627D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFDD2FF93" box="[151,531,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFDD2FF93" blockId="10.[151,531,1158,1221]" box="[151,531,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D0DE81857D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFDD2FF93" bold="true" box="[151,531,1158,1185]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFDD2FF93" bold="true" box="[151,531,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFE0BFF92" ID-CoL="9HSK5" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,458,1158,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF47E9DAFE80FF93" bold="true" box="[151,321,1158,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Plecia nessiae</emphasis>
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Fitzgerald
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57807D5BFFE3FE01E9DBFDD2FF93" box="[465,531,1159,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33365627D5BFFE3FF47E9F7FEEFFFF7" box="[151,302,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5BFFE3FF47E9F7FEEFFFF7" blockId="10.[151,531,1158,1221]" box="[151,302,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5BFFE3FF4FE9F7FEE6FFF7" box="[159,295,1195,1221]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 18" captionStart-1="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,2003,2027]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1427,1245,1977]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId-0="figure-446@10.[159,1427,1245,1980]" captionTargetId-1="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 18. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus." captionText-1="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141091" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5141091/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">Figs. 18–22</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5666617D5BFFE3FF47EA8FFB0CFCD9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141091" box="[151,1229,2003,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141091/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" startId="10.[151,250,2003,2027]" targetBox="[163,1427,1245,1977]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5BFFE3FF47EA8FFB0CFCD9" blockId="10.[151,1229,2003,2027]" box="[151,1229,2003,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FF47EA8FFEE1FCD9" bold="true" box="[151,288,2003,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5BFFE3FEF6EA88FE4BFCD9" authority="Fitzgerald, 2021" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[294,394,2004,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FEF6EA88FE4BFCD9" box="[294,394,2004,2027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">P. nessiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5BFFE3FE40EA8FFE08FCD9" bold="true" box="[400,457,2003,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57807D5BFFE3FE40EA8FFE08FCD9" box="[400,457,2003,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, holotype male, habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33365627D5AFFE2FF47EDCBFABDFBCB" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5AFFE2FF47EDCBFABDFBCB" blockId="11.[151,1436,150,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FF47EDCBFE82FB82" bold="true" box="[151,323,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Type Material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B413CB47D5AFFE2FE84EDCBFD86FBCB" collectingDate="1956-05-01" collectionCode="NHMLA, LACM" collectorName="F. S. Truxal" country="Brazil" county="Los Angeles County" location="County Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="ENT 395057" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FE84EDCBFE00FB83" bold="true" box="[340,449,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="5492884B7D5AFFE2FE84EDCBFE00FB83" box="[340,449,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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: Male, point-pinned (
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D5AFFE2FD6CEDCBFCE8FB83" box="[700,809,151,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">NHMLA</collectionCode>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D5AFFE2FCEEEDCBFC69FB83" box="[830,936,151,177]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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: “Veadeiros, Go., Brazil,
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<date id="FF9710297D5AFFE2FB1EEDCBFAA5FB83" box="[1230,1380,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" value="1956-05-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFD3E9C17D5AFFE2FB1EEDCBFAA5FB83" box="[1230,1380,150,177]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" value="1956-05-01">May 1, 1956</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="26DC533F7D5AFFE2FAA1EDCBFF25FBE7" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">F.S. Truxal</collectorName>
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” [white label]. “Machris Brazilian Expedition—1956,
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<collectingCounty id="62F74E657D5AFFE2FC9CEDE7FBF0FBE7" box="[844,1073,187,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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Los Angeles
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<location id="8EF660327D5AFFE2FC0FEDE7FBF0FBE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087FF7D5BFFE5FF47E9DAFC2CFFDB:8EF660327D5AFFE2FC0FEDE7FBF0FBE7" box="[991,1073,187,213]" country="Brazil" county="Los Angeles County" name="County" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">County</location>
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</collectingCounty>
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Museum” [white label].
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE2C7D5AFFE2FA9BEDE7FA5DFBE7" box="[1355,1436,187,213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DB8F9E927D5AFFE2FF47ED83FEE9FBCB" box="[151,296,222,249]" collectionCode="LACM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">ENT 395057</specimenCode>
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[white data matrix label]
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5492884B7D5AFFE2FD81ED83FD29FBCB" box="[593,744,223,249]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5AFFE2FD23ED83FBCCFBCB" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[755,1037,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FD23ED83FC52FBCA" box="[755,915,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Plecia nessiae</emphasis>
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Fitzgerald
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</taxonomicName>
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[red label], terminalia dissected.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5666617D5AFFE2FF47EB8BFB58FC0A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" startId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" targetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" targetPageId="11">
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<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5AFFE2FF47EB8BFB58FC0A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1751,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FF47EB8BFE92FDC2" bold="true" box="[151,339,1751,1776]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">FIGURES 19–23.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5AFFE2FE89EB84FE7DFDDD" authority="Fitzgerald, 2021" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[345,444,1752,1775]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FE89EB84FE7DFDDD" box="[345,444,1752,1775]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">P. nessiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FE11EB84FE38FDC2" bold="true" box="[449,505,1752,1776]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57807D5AFFE2FE11EB84FE38FDC2" box="[449,505,1752,1776]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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, holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33365627D5AFFE5FF17EA3AFE5EF827" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5AFFE5FF17EA3AFAA9F9C3" blockId="11.[151,1437,1894,2028]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1257]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FF17EA3AFE90FCB2" bold="true" box="[199,337,1894,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<typeStatus id="5492884B7D5AFFE2FEB1EA3AFE08FCB2" box="[353,457,1894,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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Male.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FDCAEA3AFD32FCB2" box="[538,755,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">General coloration</emphasis>
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. Entirely black to very dark brown, legs dark brown.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FA89EA3AFA57FCB2" box="[1369,1430,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Head</emphasis>
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. Three ocelli. Antenna missing. Compound eye holoptic with minute sparse ommatrichia, divided into upper and lower section of larger and smaller facets by slight depression. Face produced anteriorly, duck-bill-like. Clypeus + proboscis long, longer than the length of the head (can be seen folded under the head in
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<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5AFFE2FBA3EA8EFB04FCDE" box="[1139,1221,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="10.[151,250,2003,2027]" captionTargetBox="[163,1427,1245,1977]" captionTargetId="figure-446@10.[159,1427,1245,1980]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 18. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, habitus. Scale bar = ca. 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: cl, clypeus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141091/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5AFFE2FB0AEA8EFAEAFCDE" box="[1242,1323,2002,2028]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="32">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Mesonotum polished, shining, with a subtle median and a pair of more distinctive dorsocentral grooves. Anterior portion of grooves with thin dark brownish pruinosity forming longitudinal stripes, mesonotum more thickly pruinose laterally and anteriorly. Mesonotum largely bare with short dark sparse setae in median and dorsocentral grooves as well as laterally. Thoracic pleurae matte, very dark brown, katepisternum with patch of dorsal setae.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FB4AEC5FFB17FA2E" box="[1178,1238,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Legs.</emphasis>
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Missing fore legs and left hind leg. Remaining legs with dense short dark setae. Hind tibia slender, spindle-shaped. Hind basitarsus slender, sausage-shaped, approximately 4.5 times as long as wide.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FC49EC17FC1CFA56" box="[921,989,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Wings</emphasis>
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.
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<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D5DFFE5FC3EEC16FB88FA57" box="[1006,1097,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
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, slightly light brown fumose, darker anteriorly. All veins brown, anterior veins bolder, pterostigma concolorous with wing membrane. R
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<subScript id="17AD34AC7D5DFFE5FAEDECDDFA97FABD" attach="left" box="[1341,1366,385,399]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">2+3</subScript>
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short, curved, strongly divergent from R
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<subScript id="17AD34AC7D5DFFE5FDC9ECF9FDF2FA81" attach="left" box="[537,563,421,435]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">4+5</subScript>
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, ending in C. Venation typical for the genus.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FBEAECCFFB6AFA9F" box="[1082,1195,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Abdomen.</emphasis>
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With short dark hair. Terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5DFFE5FEF0ECEBFE6AFAE3" box="[288,427,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Figs. 19–22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epandrium (tergite nine) short, almost twice as broad as long with narrow, slit-like posteromedial cleft extending about 1/3 length of sclerite though sclerite creased along entire length. Epandrial lobes apically rather truncate, but with four broad, dark, triangular, posteroventrally-directed, shark-tooth-like lobes on the inner posterior edge. Gonocoxites distinctly convex, bulbous, ventrally broader than long, lacking posteromedian cleft, median projection, and lateral lobes. Gonostylus with two main lobes; a broad, flat dorsal lobe and a more ventral, slender posteriorly-projecting lobe. In posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5DFFE5FC81EF37FC62F9B7" box="[849,931,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
), gonostylus broad, roughly diamond-shaped with broad truncate dorsal edge and dorsomedial edge black and covered in minute rasp-like teeth and ventral lobe foreshortened and difficult to see. In ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5DFFE5FD6AEFEFFCCBF9FF" box="[698,778,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
), ventral lobe of gonostylus slender, apically hooked, resembling neck and head of the Lochness Monster (as in the famous, albeit hoaxed, “surgeon’s photograph” of 1934).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5DFFE5FF17EFA7FE5EF827" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,415,763,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FF17EFA7FEE2F827" box="[199,291,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33365627D5DFFE5FF17EE42FC1BFF07" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5DFFE5FF17EE42FC1BFF07" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FF17EE42FE0DF80B" bold="true" box="[199,460,798,825]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis & Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FCFFEE43FC3FF80B" authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Fitzgerald" box="[815,1022,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xyele">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FCFFEE43FC45F80B" box="[815,900,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. xyele</emphasis>
|
||
Fitzgerald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which previously had no clear affinity to other species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D5DFFE5FEAAEE1FFDF0F86F" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[378,561,835,861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="133 - 164" refId="ref9690" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1998) Eighteen new species of Neotropical Plecia (Diptera: Bibionidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 124 (2), 133 - 164." type="journal article" year="1998">Fitzgerald 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); both species share the dark shining scutum, elongated mouthparts, and bilobate gonostylus with rasp-like dorsal lobe. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FD3BEE3BFC99F8B2" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[747,856,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FD3BEE3BFC99F8B2" box="[747,856,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. nessiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by the shape of the epandrium (with four triangular teeth in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FE0FEED7FD8CF896" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[479,589,907,932]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FE0FEED7FD8CF896" box="[479,589,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. nessiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
verses two strong apically rounded lobes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FB94EED7FB58F897" box="[1092,1177,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xyele">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FB94EED7FB58F897" box="[1092,1177,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. xyele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the very different shape of the gonostylus; in ventral view, the ventral lobe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FCEDEEF3FC6AF8FA" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[829,939,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FCEDEEF3FC6AF8FA" box="[829,939,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. nessiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is slender with the apex hooked resembling the neck and head of the Lochness Monster (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5DFFE5FD56EE8FFCE1F8DF" box="[646,800,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Figs. 19 & 23</figureCitation>
|
||
) whereas that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FC0FEE8FFBF2F8DF" box="[991,1075,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xyele">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FC0FEE8FFBF2F8DF" box="[991,1075,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. xyele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is rectangular, apically truncate, but with corners produced into acute points (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D5DFFE5FD64EEABFCA6FF23" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[692,871,1015,1041]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="133 - 164" refId="ref9690" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. (1998) Eighteen new species of Neotropical Plecia (Diptera: Bibionidae) and taxonomic notes on the genus. Transactions of the Entomological Society of America, 124 (2), 133 - 164." type="journal article" year="1998">Fitzgerald 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Figs. 89–91).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D6A7D5DFFE5FBDCEEABFBB8FF22" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="2021" box="[1036,1145,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nessiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FBDCEEABFBB8FF22" box="[1036,1145,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">P. nessiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FAF3EEABFAA5FF23" box="[1315,1380,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">xylele</emphasis>
|
||
-species-group (see Discussion) and will key to couplet
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B0C7D5DFFE5FD0BE946FCC7FF07" box="[731,774,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D5DFFE5FCDDE947FC64FF07" author="Hardy, D. E." box="[781,933,1050,1077]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" pagination="367 - 547" refId="ref10022" refString="Hardy, D. E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). Kansas University Science Bulletin, 30, 367 - 547." type="journal article" year="1945">Hardy’s 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
key.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33365627D5DFFE5FF17E963FD37FFF7" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5DFFE5FF17E963FD37FFF7" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FF17E963FE89FF6B" bold="true" box="[199,328,1087,1113]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The specific epithet is derived from the name Nessie (a nickname for Scotland’s Lochness Monster) as the gonostylus in ventral view bears a striking resemblance to the neck and head of the Lochness Monster (as e.g., seen in the “Surgeon’s photograph” of 1934 (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A6C7D5DFFE5FCCDE9DBFCACFF93" box="[797,877,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–23" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1751,1775]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,276,1724]" captionTargetId="figure-58@11.[162,1425,273,1728]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 19–23. P. nessiae sp. n., holotype male, terminalia. 19. Dorsal. 20. Ventral. 21. Posterior. 22. Lateral. 23. The classic 1934 “Surgeon’s photograph” of the Lochness Monster (photograph public domain); see etymology. Scale bar = ca. 0.5 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; p, dorsal sclerite of paramere; t9, tergite nine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5141095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5141095/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B187D5DFFE5FC73E9DBFB91FF93" author="Tikkanen, A." box="[931,1104,1159,1185]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" refId="ref11172" refString="Tikkanen, A. (2020) Loch Ness monster. Encyclopedia Britannica. Available from: https: // www. britannica. com / topic / Loch- Ness-monster-legendary-creature (accessed 17 July 2021)" type="url" year="2020">Tikkanen 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Additionally, the epandrium has a row of monstrous teeth along the posterior edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33365627D5DFFE5FF17E992FC2CFFDB" box="[199,1005,1230,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636E97D5DFFE5FF17E992FC2CFFDB" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1257]" box="[199,1005,1230,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAFB7D5DFFE5FF17E992FE98FFDA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1230,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492884B7D5DFFE5FDB0E993FD03FFDB" box="[608,706,1231,1257]" pageId="12" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collected in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF80B7D5DFFE5FC82E993FC57FFDB" box="[850,918,1231,1257]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E76797D5DFFE5FC71E993FC28FFDB" box="[929,1001,1231,1257]" name="Brazil" pageId="12" pageNumber="33">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |