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<document id="DD575C17AB7C840AEB7E2451D18FFD67" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFD70735FF759736FF6BA09B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria pipturiana Swezey 1923" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="E1A06E6203933397988FEEDD57FC463D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="6486349AF4FF04260360FB0706CDA91C">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0582C3F7FD8791D8A084C9370A2E1A41">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2EEB5807654CF5C23D2B6D9EE3E4A4B3" type="email">crossroad1994@hotmail.co.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="98E89310216A40541D3E834FBA60AACA">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3EABE034A6F4C786DD124C72978419D">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1F9F059C14812E872764FBD9E3B3E431" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1749-3847</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="5BA2996B6F8D7F2163B9B7366FC453B6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5AF14D43BD905CA8859DCBA4594C4094">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E86A6403F10C7F1EB85C77D665E27D8D">2021-03-17</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0DF73F2BF3271A3AE8C4793D6353F2BF">4944</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFD70735FF759736FF6BA09B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683246" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD70735FF759736FF6BA09B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFD70735FF759736FF6BA09B" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF759736FDC0A26F" box="[151,585,831,858]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF759736FDC0A26F" blockId="57.[151,585,831,894]" box="[151,585,831,858]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D0DE81B1FFD70736FF759736FDC0A26F" bold="true" box="[151,585,831,858]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FF759736FDC0A26F" ID-CoL="4G8NS" authority="Swezey, 1923" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,585,831,858]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiana">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF759736FDC0A26F" bold="true" box="[151,585,831,858]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF759736FE17A26F" bold="true" box="[151,414,831,858]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Philodoria pipturiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FE449736FDC0A26F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[422,585,831,857]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref102565" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1923) The leaf-miners of Pipturus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1923">Swezey, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF75976AFEAAA248" box="[151,291,867,894]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF75976AFEAAA248" blockId="57.[151,585,831,894]" box="[151,291,867,894]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD70736FF75976AFE96A248" box="[151,287,867,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF7597A1FC57A2F6" box="[151,990,936,960]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF7597A1FC57A2F6" blockId="57.[151,990,936,960]" box="[151,990,936,960]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFD70736FF7597A1FC57A2F6" box="[151,990,936,960]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD70736FF7597A1FDB6A2F6" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,575,936,960]" page="295" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1923">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FF7597A1FDB6A2F6" ID-CoL="4G8NS" authority="Swezey, 1923: 295" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="295" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,575,936,960]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiana">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF7597A1FEFFA2F6" box="[151,374,936,960]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Philodoria pipturiana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FE9F97A1FDB6A2F6" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[381,575,936,960]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref102565" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1923) The leaf-miners of Pipturus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1923">Swezey, 1923: 295</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFD70736FDA897A1FCC8A2F6" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[586,833,936,960]" page="709" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FDA897A1FCC8A2F6" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[586,833,936,960]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 709</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 465, 466.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF7597E7FA98A447" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF7597E7FC2AA53F" blockId="57.[151,1437,1006,2008]" box="[151,931,1006,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFD70736FF7597E7FC16A53F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273425" box="[151,927,1006,1033]" county="Big Island" location="Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail" municipality="Kohala Mts." pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF7597E7FEBFA53E" bold="true" box="[151,310,1006,1032]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FF7597E7FF5BA53E" box="[151,210,1006,1032]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF66006FFD70736FEDE97E6FDF1A53E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFD70735FF759736FF6BA09B:8EF66006FFD70736FEDE97E6FDF1A53E" box="[316,632,1006,1033]" county="Big Island" municipality="Kohala Mts." name="Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFD70736FD6697E7FC86A53F" box="[644,783,1006,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Kohala Mts.</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FFD70736FCFF97E7FC1EA53F" box="[797,919,1006,1033]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Big Island</collectingCounty>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF25901BFA98A447" blockId="57.[151,1437,1006,2008]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF25901BFEFBA51A" bold="true" box="[199,370,1042,1068]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FE94901AFE6FA51B" box="[374,486,1043,1069]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail, [Kohala Mountains,
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD70736FBCA901BFBF0A51A" box="[1064,1145,1042,1068]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(Big Island)],
<date id="FF97101DFFD70736FAF4901BFA1EA51A" box="[1302,1431,1042,1068]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1921-07-31">31.vii.1921</date>
, Swezey Coll.,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FED8903EFE13A566" box="[314,410,1079,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FED8903EFE13A566" box="[314,410,1079,1104]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, |
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FE4C903FFC8BA567" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1923" box="[430,770,1078,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiana">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FE4C903FFD2DA566" box="[430,676,1078,1104]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Philodoria pipturiana</emphasis>
Swezey
</taxonomicName>
|
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FCE9903FFCFEA566" box="[779,887,1078,1104]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|♂ genitalia on slide Z-I-10-67-A |Type no.
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD70736FA86903EFF24A543" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.085088" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="in" value="4272.0">4272 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD70736FF579052FE8FA543" box="[181,262,1115,1141]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
. Described from two specimens: the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FD499052FC84A543" box="[683,781,1115,1141]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was originally in the collection of the Hawaiian Entomological Society and the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FE7B9076FE70A5AF" box="[409,505,1151,1177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
in the collection of the Hawaiian Sugar Planter’s Association. The ‘holotype’ is now preserved in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD70736FEC890AAFEF2A58B" box="[298,379,1187,1213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
. Given the manner in which the description was written, Swezey considered these specimens as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FF5490CEFE91A5D7" box="[182,280,1223,1249]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FEB290C1FE3AA5D4" box="[336,435,1224,1250]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, as indicated on their specimen labels. But because the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FBCA90CEFB03A5D7" box="[1064,1162,1223,1249]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was not formally specified in the description, the so-labeled
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FDDE90E2FD17A433" box="[572,670,1259,1285]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FD3690E5FCBDA430" box="[724,820,1260,1286]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
are to be considered
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FBC090E5FB0DA430" box="[1058,1156,1260,1286]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
under Article 73.2 of the Code (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FF009106FEE3A41F" author="ICZN" box="[226,362,1295,1321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD70736FF009106FEACA41F" box="[226,293,1295,1321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ICZN</collectionCode>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
), and either is eligible for designation as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FCA09106FC20A41F" box="[834,937,1295,1321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
under Article 74 of the Code (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FAEA9106FA19A41F" author="ICZN" box="[1288,1424,1295,1321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFD70736FAEA9106FAC2A41F" box="[1288,1355,1295,1321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">ICZN</collectionCode>
1999
</bibRefCitation>
). The ‘
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FF32913AFEC9A47B" box="[208,320,1331,1357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, type no. 4272’, which Swezey indicated as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FCA3913AFC2AA47B" box="[833,931,1331,1357]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
in the specimen label, is here designated as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FF75915EFF77A447" box="[151,254,1367,1393]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD70736FEEF915EFE1FA444" box="[269,406,1367,1394]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
). The other
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FDFE9151FDFAA444" box="[540,627,1368,1394]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
is the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FD5F915EFCDEA447" box="[701,855,1367,1393]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
, but we could not locate that specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70736FF259172FBDCA735" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF259172FBDCA735" blockId="57.[151,1437,1006,2008]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF259172FECBA4A3" bold="true" box="[199,322,1403,1429]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The forewing pattern is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FD5F9175FC24A4A0" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[701,941,1404,1430]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FD5F9175FCD9A4A0" box="[701,848,1404,1430]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. wilkesiella</emphasis>
Swezey
</taxonomicName>
, but is distinguished by its longitudinal basal streak and oval white spot in the middle in the forewing (
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD70736FCF391A9FC13A48C" box="[785,922,1440,1466]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
). The male genitalia are similar to those of the Asteraceae-feeding
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FE9791CDFE67A4E8" box="[373,494,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FE9791CDFE67A4E8" box="[373,494,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Philodoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FD6991CCFC97A4E8" authorityName="Sweszey" authorityYear="1940" box="[651,798,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilkesiella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FD6991CCFC97A4E8" box="[651,798,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. wilkesiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FCB191CCFBB5A4E8" box="[851,1084,1476,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomaniniella" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FCB191CCFBB5A4E8" box="[851,1084,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. hesperomaniniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FBA191CDFB02A4E8" bold="true" box="[1091,1163,1476,1502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFD70736FBA191CDFB0BA4E8" box="[1091,1154,1476,1502]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
)
</emphasis>
in having a broad dorsal margin of valva, but
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD70736FE6391E0FD9BA734" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1923" box="[385,530,1513,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiana">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FE6391E0FD9BA734" box="[385,530,1513,1538]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">P. pipturiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from later two species by its slender saccus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD70735FF259205FD80A186" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF259205FEE5A65D" blockId="57.[151,1437,1006,2008]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF259205FE49A710" bold="true" box="[199,448,1548,1574]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFD70736FE2D9205FDD1A710" box="[463,600,1548,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[155,1435,924,1885]" captionTargetId="figure-296@27.[151,1437,920,1889]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 12. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. pipturiana Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, left lateral view, B Same right lateral view, C Same dorsal view, D P. wilkesiella Swezey, 1940 lectotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681837/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 12A–C</figureCitation>
). Wingspan of specimens in the type series
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD70736FBD89205FB13A711" box="[1082,1178,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 mm</quantity>
; forewing length
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFD70736FABE9205FA14A711" box="[1372,1437,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FF549239FEA9A77C" box="[182,288,1584,1610]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Head dirty white; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white, streaked with fuscous externally. Antenna pale fuscous, apical portion white. Thorax dark fuscous, white below. Forewing dark fuscous to nearly black, with several white patches: one outwardly oblique white costal spot at about 1/2, another at 2/3, recurves to the costa, terminating in a few white scales in the costal cilia; a curved transverse white streak at apical portion of wing, nearly interrupted in the middle, with a few white scales in the costal cilia (not present in the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD70736FA8192C8FF45A636" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
); a longitudinal white streak from base to 1/3, followed by a large oval white spot about the middle of wing; a large oval white spot on dorsal 3/4; cilia fuscous except for the white scales previously noted in costal cilia and a few white scales at base of apical cilia. Hindwing and cilia dark fuscous. Abdomen fuscous. Legs pale fuscous, tarsi white spotted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD70736FF25937FFE5DA6EE" blockId="57.[151,1437,1006,2008]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD70736FF25937FFEFDA6B9" bold="true" box="[199,372,1909,1936]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD70736FE66937CFDEAA6A6" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[388,611,1909,1936]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 465). Tegumen oblong, 0.8 x length of valva; valva tapering along costal margin from base 2/5 to apex; dorsal margin of valva broad. Saccus slender. Phallus straight in lateral view with spiny cornuti in vesica.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF25949FFD80A186" blockId="58.[151,1436,150,429]" box="[199,521,150,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF25949FFE05A186" bold="true" box="[199,396,150,176]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Female genitalia</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF2594B3FD74A1E2" box="[199,765,186,213]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2594B3FD74A1E2" blockId="58.[151,1436,150,429]" box="[199,765,186,213]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2594B3FEE8A1E2" bold="true" box="[199,353,186,212]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFD40735FE8594B3FE31A1E2" box="[359,440,186,212]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
(Big Island) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FDB794B3FD79A1E2" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[597,752,186,212]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref102565" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1923) The leaf-miners of Pipturus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1923">Swezey 1923</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF2594D6FDEAA1CE" box="[199,611,222,249]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF2594D6FDEAA1CE" blockId="58.[151,1436,150,429]" box="[199,611,222,249]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF2594D6FEC6A1CF" bold="true" box="[199,335,223,249]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Host plants</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FE6494D7FE6FA1CE" bold="true" box="[390,486,222,248]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFD40735FF25950AFF6BA09B" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFD40735FF25950AFF6BA09B" blockId="58.[151,1436,150,429]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FF25950AFEB2A02B" bold="true" box="[199,315,259,285]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FEA1950AFE65A02B" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[323,492,259,285]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="293 - 296" refId="ref102565" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1923) The leaf-miners of Pipturus. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 5 (2), 293 - 296." type="journal article" year="1923">Swezey (1923)</bibRefCitation>
described this species from two specimens collected on a
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFD40735FB62950AFB69A02A" box="[1152,1248,259,284]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pipturus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFD40735FB62950AFB69A02A" box="[1152,1248,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pipturus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
plant which had leaves containing leaf-miners, but according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFD40735FD57952EFC16A077" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[693,927,295,321]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
these specimens were not reared. Therefore, we have removed this plant genus as a possible host. Much of the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFD40735FC6E9542FC35A053" box="[908,956,331,357]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
locality habitat has been destroyed due to non-native plant species, and few host plants remained in sections of the Upper Hamakua Ditch Trail that we surveyed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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