518 lines
69 KiB
XML
518 lines
69 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3EDD6765963716381D2DA9AF71A10F61">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFBC075DFF759305FC5BA611" bold="true" box="[151,978,1804,1831]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBC075DFF759305FC01A611" ID-CoL="8VM3Y" authority="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" box="[151,904,1804,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomanniella" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBC075DFF759305FE71A611" bold="true" box="[151,504,1804,1831]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Philodoria hesperomanniella</emphasis>
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Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFBC075DFC729304FC5BA611" box="[912,978,1805,1831]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBC075DFF759338FD69A67D" blockId="82.[151,978,1804,1867]" box="[151,736,1840,1867]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFF759338FF7AA67D" box="[151,243,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs. 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFF1D9338FEA1A67D" box="[255,296,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">47J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFED69338FED7A67D" box="[308,350,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">48J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFE8B9338FE1BA67D" box="[361,402,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">49J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFE7C9339FE7DA67D" box="[414,500,1840,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">58L, M</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFDE29339FDDAA67D" box="[512,595,1840,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-23@114.[164,1423,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">63A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFDBD9339FD38A67D" box="[607,689,1840,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,185,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-20@137.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 75. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A Philodoria sp. nr. P dubauticola, Maui, CJ315, host: Dubautia platyphylla, B P. hesperomanniella, Maui, CJ367, host: Hesperomannia arborescens, C Same moth species and host plant, West Maui, CJ362, D, E P. platyphylliella, Maui, CJ368, host: Dubautia platyphylla, F, G Same moth species and host plant, male, Maui, CJ358." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681971/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">75B, C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBC075DFD5E9338FD52A67D" box="[700,731,1841,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="151.[151,250,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-20@151.[150,1438,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="FIGURE 89. Philodoria hesperomanniella leaf mines on its host plant, Hesperomannia arborescens subsp. opuhe, West Maui. A, C Mines of latar larva, B Old mines and cocoon, D Young mine, E Mine of late instar larva, F Cocoon.Arrows point to mine (D) and cocoon (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682004/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">89</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBC075DFF75937FFDC0A6FD" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBC075DFF75937FFDF5A6BB" blockId="82.[151,1068,1909,1995]" box="[151,636,1909,1933]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFBC075DFF75937FFDF0A6BB" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,633,1909,1933]" page="463" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1940">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBC075DFF75937FFDF0A6BB" authority="Swezey, 1940: 462 - 463" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="462 - 463" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,633,1909,1933]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBC075DFF75937FFEF5A6BB" box="[151,380,1909,1933]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Parectopa naenaeiella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBC075DFE61937CFDF0A6BB" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[387,633,1909,1933]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940: 462–463</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBC075DFF75939DFBA5A69A" blockId="82.[151,1068,1909,1995]" box="[151,1068,1940,1964]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFBC075DFF75939DFBA5A69A" box="[151,1068,1940,1964]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBC075DFF75939DFDA1A69A" ID-CoL="4G8NN" authority="(Swezey, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,552,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBC075DFF75939DFE08A69A" box="[151,385,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Philodoria naenaeiella</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBC075DFE6D939DFDA8A69A" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[399,545,1940,1964]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFBC075DFDD1939DFCD5A69A" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[563,860,1940,1964]" page="685" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBC075DFDD1939DFCD5A69A" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[563,860,1940,1964]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 685–686</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs. 449, 457, 458.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBC075DFF7593BBFDC0A6FD" blockId="82.[151,1068,1909,1995]" box="[151,585,1970,1995]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBC075DFF7593BBFE8CA6FC" ID-CoL="8V6FQ" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,261,1970,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBC075DFF7593BBFE8CA6FC" box="[151,261,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Philodoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBC075DFEB693BBFD8DA6FD" author="Johns, C. A. & Toussaint, E. F. A. & Breinholt, J. W. & Kawahara, A. Y." box="[340,516,1970,1995]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. & Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Johns
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBC075DFE7693BAFE48A6FC" box="[404,449,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF75949FFDBBA187" box="[151,562,150,177]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF75949FFDBBA187" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,562,150,177]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBD075CFF75949FFDBBA187" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273322" box="[151,562,150,177]" location="Waihee Valley" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF75949FFEBFA186" bold="true" box="[151,310,150,176]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFF75949FFF5BA186" box="[151,210,150,176]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFBD075CFEDE949FFE57A186" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBC075BFF759305FD74A077:8EF66006FFBD075CFEDE949FFE57A186" box="[316,478,150,176]" name="Waihee Valley" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Waihee Valley</location>
|
||
(Maui)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF2594B3FF4BA1CF" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF2594B3FF4BA1CF" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF2594B3FEC7A1E2" bold="true" box="[199,334,186,212]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFDA194B3FC82A1E2" box="[579,779,186,212]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomanniella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFDA194B3FC82A1E2" box="[579,779,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">hesperomanniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
refers to the genus of the moth’s host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFAE794B2FF32A1CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFAE794B2FF32A1CE" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF25950BFA10A3B2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF25950BFDD4A30A" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF25950BFEF1A02A" bold="true" box="[199,376,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBD075CFE60950BFC96A077" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273381" collectingDate="2014-07-30" collectingDateMax="2014-08-12" collectingDateMin="2014-07-30" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" location="Waihee Valley" municipality="Maui" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFE60950BFE63A02A" box="[386,490,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFBD075CFDFB950BFD36A02A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBC075BFF759305FD74A077:8EF66006FFBD075CFDFB950BFD36A02A" box="[537,703,258,284]" municipality="Maui" name="Waihee Valley" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Waihee Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFBD075CFD2F950BFC82A02A" box="[717,779,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maui</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFCFB950BFC29A02A" box="[793,928,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-08-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBD075CFCFB950BFC29A02A" box="[793,928,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-08-12">12.viii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFBF0950BFB18A02A" box="[1042,1169,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFB37950BFAD1A02A" box="[1237,1368,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-07-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBD075CFB37950BFAD1A02A" box="[1237,1368,258,284]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-07-30">30.vii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFF75952EFD83A076" authority=", CJ" authorityName="CJ" box="[151,522,294,321]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF75952EFE53A076" box="[151,474,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
367, SK831♂ in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFBD075CFD2C952EFC96A077" box="[718,799,295,321]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBD075CFCCE952EFD1BA0BF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273422" collectingDate="1933-12-17" collectingDateMax="2014-08-12" collectingDateMin="2014-07-30" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="O. H. Swezey " location="Waihee Valley" municipality="Maui" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="BPBM 34224" specimenCount="2197" specimenCount-female="2197" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFCCE952EFC07A077" box="[812,910,295,321]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
6 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFC58952FFC54A076" box="[954,989,294,320]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 sex unknown).
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFB56952FFB5EA076" box="[1204,1239,294,320]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Pupukea, Oahu,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFF759543FE90A052" box="[151,281,330,356]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1933-12-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBD075CFF759543FE90A052" box="[151,281,330,356]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1933-12-17">17.xii.1933</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFECB9543FDBEA052" box="[297,567,330,356]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">O.H. Swezey Collector</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFDA49542FCD0A052" box="[582,857,331,356]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFDA49542FCD0A052" box="[582,857,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFC969543FC5EA052" box="[884,983,330,356]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFBE79542FB2EA052" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[1029,1191,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFBE79542FB2EA052" box="[1029,1191,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, Z-V-17-61,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFBD075CFAAC9542FF54A0BE" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">BPBM 34224</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFF0E9567FED8A0BE" box="[236,337,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 18E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFE879566FE13A0BF" box="[357,410,367,393]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Host</collectorName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFE439566FD90A0BE" box="[417,537,367,392]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFE439566FD90A0BE" box="[417,537,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFBD075CFDDE9566FD04A0BF" box="[572,653,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBD075CFD7B9567FDD0A30A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273321" collectingDate="1933-12-17" collectingDateMax="2014-08-12" collectingDateMin="2014-07-30" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" location="Waihee Valley" municipality="Maui" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="BPBM 34224" specimenCount="2197" specimenCount-female="2197" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFD7B9567FD34A0BE" box="[665,701,366,392]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown), same locality and data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFB539567FA9FA0BE" box="[1201,1302,366,392]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFAC39567FA15A0BE" box="[1313,1436,366,392]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg., CJ367 / SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFEBB959BFE1FA09A" box="[345,406,402,428]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">832♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, CJ372 / SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFDCE959BFDE3A09A" box="[556,618,402,428]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">620♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFD94959BFD2BA09A" box="[630,674,402,428]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">The</collectorName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFD48959BFC85A09A" box="[682,780,402,428]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was mounted as a dry pinned specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFB05959BFAE6A09A" box="[1255,1391,402,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 18B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) by placing under a coverslip without mountant, two forewings and half of the two hindwings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFB5295BFFA92A0E6" box="[1200,1307,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFAD295BFFAD5A0E6" box="[1328,1372,438,464]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">The</collectorName>
|
||
three
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFF7595D2FE8BA0C3" box="[151,258,475,501]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were also mounted as partial dry pinned specimens: CJ
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFC6595D3FC4AA0C2" box="[903,963,474,500]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">367♀</specimenCount>
|
||
comprises three wings without mountant under a coverslip, two complete forewings and 3/4 of one hindwing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFC4B95F7FB9BA32E" box="[937,1042,510,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
||
); CJ367 (sex unknown) hindwings missing; CJ
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFEFC962BFED3A30A" box="[286,346,546,572]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">372♀</specimenCount>
|
||
left hindwing missing
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF259641FA10A3B2" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF259641FE35A356" bold="true" box="[199,444,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFBD075CFE259641FA1DA3B2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273317" collectingDate="2014-07-28" collectingDateMax="2014-08-11" collectingDateMin="2014-07-28" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" location="Iao Valley" municipality="Maui" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
1♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFE199641FD97A356" box="[507,542,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFBD075CFDD29641FD2FA356" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFBC075BFF759305FD74A077:8EF66006FFBD075CFDD29641FD2FA356" box="[560,678,584,608]" municipality="Maui" name="Iao Valley" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Iao Valley</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFBD075CFD579641FD7BA356" box="[693,754,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Maui</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFCE39641FC0FA356" box="[769,902,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-08-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBD075CFCE39641FC0FA356" box="[769,902,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-08-11">11.viii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFBD075CFC1B9641FBFEA356" box="[1017,1143,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFB5F9641FAB7A356" box="[1213,1342,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFBD075CFB5F9641FAB7A356" box="[1213,1342,584,608]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="2014-07-28">28.vii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, CJ362/ PHIL0035♂, 0036
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFBD075CFE8D9665FEF4A3B2" box="[367,381,620,644]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, only genitalia slides, deposited in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFBD075CFCE19665FCDDA3B5" box="[771,852,620,643]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Two specimens have genitalia and abdomen intact
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF259687FA82A26B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF259687FA82A26B" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF259687FECBA39E" bold="true" box="[199,322,654,680]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Described from a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFDEF9686FDE4A39F" box="[525,621,655,681]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFD739686FC02A39E" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" box="[657,907,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFD739686FCA7A39E" box="[657,814,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFBEF9686FB36A39E" box="[1037,1215,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFBEF9686FB36A39E" box="[1037,1215,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and new specimens collected during fieldwork for the present study. Distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFC7796BAFBBAA3FA" box="[917,1075,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFC7796BAFBBAA3FA" box="[917,1075,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having an outwardly oblique white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF3F96DFFE89A3C0" bold="true" box="[221,256,726,758]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFF1A96E1FE89A3C0" attach="left" box="[248,256,744,758]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at near base and blue patch at apical potion in the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFC5496DFFB84A3C6" box="[950,1037,726,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs.18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFBFB96DFFBE4A3C6" box="[1049,1133,726,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,185,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-20@137.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 75. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A Philodoria sp. nr. P dubauticola, Maui, CJ315, host: Dubautia platyphylla, B P. hesperomanniella, Maui, CJ367, host: Hesperomannia arborescens, C Same moth species and host plant, West Maui, CJ362, D, E P. platyphylliella, Maui, CJ368, host: Dubautia platyphylla, F, G Same moth species and host plant, male, Maui, CJ358." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681971/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">75B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); the male genitalia have a valva widening from the base to the middle and a short and triangular saccus.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBD075CFC1D96F3FB2EA222" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1023,1191,762,788]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey (1940)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described some
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFA8196F2FF5BA20F" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFF159716FE1FA20E" box="[247,406,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF159716FE1FA20E" box="[247,406,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reared from leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFD739716FC16A20E" box="[657,927,799,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFD739716FC16A20E" box="[657,927,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected along Pupukea-Kahuku Trail,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFA839717FF67A26B" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1925-04-05">April 5, 1925</date>
|
||
, and
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFBD075CFECB974BFE73A26A" box="[297,506,834,861]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" value="1928-02-15">February 15, 1928</date>
|
||
. We could not find these specimens among the material in the BPBM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF25976FFD27A71A" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF25976FFA04A5DE" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF25976FFE2AA2B6" bold="true" box="[199,419,870,896]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Description: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE50976FFD81A2B6" box="[434,520,870,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,746,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-263@34.[151,1435,741,1712]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 18. Adults of Philodoria hesperomanniella sp. n. A Wings of holotype male, B Same, head and thorax, dorsal view, C Same, head lateral view, D Paratype female, Maui, collected by O. H. Swezey, E Paratype female, Oahu (BPBM no.34224). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681849/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs.18</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFDF0976FFDEDA2B6" box="[530,612,870,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="137.[151,250,1489,1513]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,185,1464]" captionTargetId="figure-20@137.[151,1436,181,1465]" captionTargetPageId="137" captionText="FIGURE 75. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A Philodoria sp. nr. P dubauticola, Maui, CJ315, host: Dubautia platyphylla, B P. hesperomanniella, Maui, CJ367, host: Hesperomannia arborescens, C Same moth species and host plant, West Maui, CJ362, D, E P. platyphylliella, Maui, CJ368, host: Dubautia platyphylla, F, G Same moth species and host plant, male, Maui, CJ358." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681971/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">75B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFD0E976FFCC1A2B7" box="[748,840,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFC8B976EFC44A2B7" box="[873,973,871,897]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFB6F976FFA9AA2B7" box="[1165,1299,870,897]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="4.15" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="4.1">4.1–4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFAD1976FFA11A2B6" box="[1331,1432,870,896]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFF759783FE97A293" box="[151,286,906,933]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="3.65" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFBD075CFEA39782FE2CA293" box="[321,421,907,933]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head pale ocherous, with some ocherous scales posteriorly; frons white; maxillary palpus white at basal part, mixed with dark brown scales at apex; labial palpus white, second segment broadly infuscated apically, third segment with slight infuscation near base and near apex. Antenna pale brown, basal segment paler and white beneath, about 1.3x length of forewing. Thorax pale brown. Forewing dark brown, with three outwardly oblique white dorsal streaks, all wide at dorsum and narrowing to a point about midway across the wing:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFACA9013FAC2A50C" bold="true" box="[1320,1355,1050,1082]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFAA19025FAC2A50C" attach="left" box="[1347,1355,1068,1082]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at near base,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF349037FF71A568" bold="true" box="[214,248,1086,1118]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFF129059FF71A568" attach="left" box="[240,248,1104,1118]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
about at dorsal 2/5,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFE3A9037FE73A568" bold="true" box="[472,506,1086,1118]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFE109059FE73A568" attach="left" box="[498,506,1104,1118]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at dorsal 2/3; a slender outwardly oblique white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFBF69037FBBDA568" bold="true" box="[1044,1076,1086,1118]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFBCE9059FBBDA568" attach="left" box="[1068,1076,1104,1118]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from 3/5 terminating a little distad from apex of third dorsal streak, an interrupted blue patch from there to apex; all of the white streaks margined with a few black scales; three white costal spots (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFD28908FFC9BA596" bold="true" box="[714,786,1158,1184]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
) between
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFC6B908FFC20A590" bold="true" box="[905,937,1158,1190]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFC439091FC20A590" attach="left" box="[929,937,1176,1190]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and apex, separated by fuscous scales; cilia fuscous with distinct darker fuscous
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFDD290A3FDD9A5FC" bold="true" box="[560,592,1194,1226]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
bl
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFBD075CFDAA90B5FDD9A5FC" attach="right" box="[584,592,1212,1226]" fontSize="6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, with white spots at the costal white spots, dorsal cilia pale gray, very long. Hindwing and cilia uniformly grayish fuscous. Abdomen grayish brown. Legs grayish brown, tarsi white banded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF2590FBFC27A44E" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF2590FBFEF8A43A" bold="true" box="[199,369,1266,1292]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE9C90FBFE6FA43A" box="[382,486,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 47J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE1290FBFD93A43A" box="[496,538,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">48J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFDC690FBFDC5A43A" box="[548,588,1266,1292]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">49J</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=2). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFCE490FBFCD7A43B" box="[774,862,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="940.0">940 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.9 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFAEA90FBFAD7A43B" box="[1288,1374,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="660.0">660 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, widened at basal half and tapering along costal margin from 2/5 to apex, becoming very narrow and slightly curved toward ventral side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE989133FE50A462" box="[378,473,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 47J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus short and triangular in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFC319133FBB8A462" box="[979,1073,1338,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 48J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFB029133FABFA463" box="[1248,1334,1338,1365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="700.0">700 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and straight with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFCA19157FC2BA44E" box="[835,930,1374,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 49J</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF25918BFD27A71A" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF25918BFE07A4AA" bold="true" box="[199,398,1410,1436]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE7D918BFDB1A4AB" box="[415,568,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Figs. 58L, M</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFDA7918BFDFEA4AB" box="[581,631,1410,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" captionTargetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" captionTargetId="figure-23@114.[164,1423,181,1559]" captionTargetPageId="114" captionText="FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">63A</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=4). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFCAD918AFC79A4AA" box="[847,1008,1410,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naenaeiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFCAD918AFC79A4AA" box="[847,1008,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">P. naenaeiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFC1D918BFBEFA4AB" box="[1023,1126,1410,1437]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="1230.0">1230 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFC7B91AFFC7BA4F7" box="[921,1010,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="180.0">180 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, indented near the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae short, and middle region weakly sclerotized, round and flat; terminus of ductus bursae tubular, biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFBD075CFBC591E7FB08A73F" box="[1063,1153,1518,1545]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="720.0">720 µm</quantity>
|
||
, nearly pyriform, signa a pair of longitudinal, partly sclerotized wrinkles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF25923FFD94A766" box="[199,541,1590,1616]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF25923FFD94A766" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[199,541,1590,1616]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF25923FFEE8A766" bold="true" box="[199,353,1590,1616]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oahu and Maui.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075CFF259253FDA4A61E" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF259253FBFDA7AE" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF259253FED1A742" bold="true" box="[199,344,1626,1652]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFE829253FE56A742" box="[352,479,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFE099252FC01A742" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" box="[491,904,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFE099252FCA7A742" box="[491,814,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Hesperomannia arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
A.Gray
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFC239252FB1DA742" authority="O. Deg." authorityName="O. Deg." box="[961,1172,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFC239252FBB2A742" box="[961,1083,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
O.Deg.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFB7E9252FAC1A742" box="[1180,1352,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFB7E9252FAC1A742" box="[1180,1352,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFA639252FF64A7AE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFA639252FF64A7AE" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are two of Hawaii’s most critically endangered plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBD075CFCBA9277FBE1A7AE" author="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C." box="[856,1128,1662,1688]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="219 - 235" refId="ref102172" refString="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C. (2013) Evolution and biogeographic origins of the endemic Hawaiian genus Hesperomannia (Asteraceae). Pacific Science, 67, 219 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 67.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Morden & Harbin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075CFF2592ABFDA4A61E" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF2592ABFEAEA78A" bold="true" box="[199,295,1698,1724]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFEDA92ABFE07A78A" box="[312,398,1698,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="151.[151,250,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-20@151.[150,1438,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="FIGURE 89. Philodoria hesperomanniella leaf mines on its host plant, Hesperomannia arborescens subsp. opuhe, West Maui. A, C Mines of latar larva, B Old mines and cocoon, D Young mine, E Mine of late instar larva, F Cocoon.Arrows point to mine (D) and cocoon (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682004/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae at first form sinuous-linear mine along the leaf margin on the adaxial leaf surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFF4292CFFE8EA7D6" box="[160,263,1734,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="151.[151,250,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-20@151.[150,1438,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="FIGURE 89. Philodoria hesperomanniella leaf mines on its host plant, Hesperomannia arborescens subsp. opuhe, West Maui. A, C Mines of latar larva, B Old mines and cocoon, D Young mine, E Mine of late instar larva, F Cocoon.Arrows point to mine (D) and cocoon (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682004/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 89A</figureCitation>
|
||
), which expands as larvae grow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFD9B92CFFD74A7D7" box="[633,765,1734,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="151.[151,250,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-20@151.[150,1438,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="FIGURE 89. Philodoria hesperomanniella leaf mines on its host plant, Hesperomannia arborescens subsp. opuhe, West Maui. A, C Mines of latar larva, B Old mines and cocoon, D Young mine, E Mine of late instar larva, F Cocoon.Arrows point to mine (D) and cocoon (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682004/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 89C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or two mines per leaf. The late instar larva is pale yellow. The final instar larva folds the leaf tissue lined with silk threads and creates a cocoon on the adaxial leaf surface. The cocoon fold is white (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFBD075CFE5F9307FDA8A61E" box="[445,545,1806,1832]" captionStart="FIGURE 89" captionStartId="151.[151,250,1882,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1429,195,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-20@151.[150,1438,181,1858]" captionTargetPageId="151" captionText="FIGURE 89. Philodoria hesperomanniella leaf mines on its host plant, Hesperomannia arborescens subsp. opuhe, West Maui. A, C Mines of latar larva, B Old mines and cocoon, D Young mine, E Mine of late instar larva, F Cocoon.Arrows point to mine (D) and cocoon (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682004" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682004/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Fig. 89F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFBD075BFF25933BFD74A077" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFBD075BFF25933BFD74A077" blockId="83.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1436,150,321]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFF25933BFEB2A67A" bold="true" box="[199,315,1842,1868]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We collected leaf mines from populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFCB2933AFC74A67A" box="[848,1021,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFCB2933AFC74A67A" box="[848,1021,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Iao and Waihee valley (West Maui). We were unable to visit the Honokohau valley population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFC41935EFBC7A646" box="[931,1102,1878,1904]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFC41935EFBC7A646" box="[931,1102,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We also visited the Molokai population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFED79372FE56A6A2" box="[309,479,1914,1940]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFED79372FE56A6A2" box="[309,479,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
below Olokui summit at the Waiehu Sea Cliffs in July of 2015. No leaf mine activity was observed then. Herbarium specimens from the now extirpated population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFBFB9396FB4AA68E" box="[1049,1219,1950,1976]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFBFB9396FB4AA68E" box="[1049,1219,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">H. arborescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Lana’i (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBD075CFAA09397FECCA6EA" author="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C." pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="219 - 235" refId="ref102172" refString="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C. (2013) Evolution and biogeographic origins of the endemic Hawaiian genus Hesperomannia (Asteraceae). Pacific Science, 67, 219 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 67.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Morden & Harbin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed leaf-miner damage from an undescribed, extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBD075CFC0493CBFBD6A6EA" box="[998,1119,1986,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFC0493CBFBD6A6EA" box="[998,1119,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBD075CFB2A93CBFA07A6EA" author="Johns, C. A. & Tangalin, N. & Bustamente, K. & Kawahara, A. Y." box="[1224,1422,1986,2013]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" pagination="55 - 57" refId="ref101170" refString="Johns, C. A., Tangalin, N., Bustamente, K. & Kawahara, A. Y. (2014) Evidence of an undescribed, extinct Philodoria species (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) from Hawaiian Hesperomannia herbarium specimens. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 46, 55 - 57." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Johns
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBD075CFAF093CAFACCA6EA" box="[1298,1349,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We visited two populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFE0F949EFDECA186" box="[493,613,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swezeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFE0F949EFDECA186" box="[493,613,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">H. swezeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in June/July of 2015. Neither population exhibited any signs of leaf mine damage. However, one collaborator (N. Tangalin) said she had seen leaf mines on these populations in previous years. Herbarium specimens of this plant species also show leaf miner activity. We have not surveyed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFAE894D6FEC6A02B" authority="(Hillebr.) O. Deg" authorityName="O. Deg" baseAuthorityName="Hillebr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFAE894D6FA15A1CF" box="[1290,1436,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">H. oahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Hillebr.) O.Deg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for leaf mine damage. This should be a priority of future surveys of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFBA7950AFB37A02B" box="[1093,1214,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFBA7950AFB37A02B" box="[1093,1214,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFBA075BFAE9950AFA15A02B" box="[1291,1436,259,285]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Hesperomannia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oahuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFBA075BFAE9950AFA15A02B" box="[1291,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">H. oahuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a highly endangered plant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFBA075BFE03952EFD78A077" author="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C." box="[481,753,295,321]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" pagination="219 - 235" refId="ref102172" refString="Morden, C. W. & Harbin, S. C. (2013) Evolution and biogeographic origins of the endemic Hawaiian genus Hesperomannia (Asteraceae). Pacific Science, 67, 219 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.2984 / 67.2.6" type="journal article" year="2013">Morden & Harbin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |