280 lines
30 KiB
XML
280 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="797F0E02384A6AE5F8FB5B61A49AAA08">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A99D5E748718EF0AB6892F23207F02A5">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E00171627D5424B36479CBC6C163704">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0316B2648C23DE3251899206EB686072">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4077CBE4A71CDC94F31E07A3E0F8027A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FF8E076FFF759157FDFAA44E" bold="true" box="[151,627,1374,1401]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFF759157FDFAA44E" ID-CoL="4G8NV" authority="(Swezey, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,627,1374,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittosporella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF759157FDFAA44E" bold="true" box="[151,627,1374,1401]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF759157FE3CA44F" bold="true" box="[151,437,1374,1401]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Philodoria pittosporella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8E076FFE279157FDE2A44E" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[453,619,1374,1400]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF75918AFE8BA4AB" box="[151,258,1411,1437]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF75918AFE8BA4AB" blockId="96.[151,627,1374,1437]" box="[151,258,1411,1437]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFF75918AFF77A4AB" box="[151,254,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF7591C1FC58A4C8" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF7591C1FD0EA4E9" blockId="96.[151,977,1479,1534]" box="[151,647,1479,1503]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF8E076FFF7591C1FD0AA4E9" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,643,1479,1503]" page="190" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1928">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFF7591C1FD0AA4E9" authority="Swezey, 1928: 189 - 190" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="189 - 190" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,643,1479,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittosporella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF7591C1FE0EA4E9" box="[151,391,1479,1503]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Parectopa pittosporella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8E076FFE6F91CEFD0AA4E9" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[397,643,1479,1503]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey, 1928: 189–190</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF7591EFFC58A4C8" blockId="96.[151,977,1479,1534]" box="[151,977,1510,1534]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FF8E076FFF7591EFFC58A4C8" box="[151,977,1510,1534]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFF7591EFFDBAA4C8" ID-CoL="4G8NV" authority="(Swezey, 1928)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[151,563,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittosporella">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF7591EFFE05A4C8" box="[151,396,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Philodoria pittosporella</emphasis>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8E076FFE7B91EFFDA3A4C8" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[409,554,1510,1534]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF8E076FFDDF91EFFCBDA4C8" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[573,820,1510,1534]" page="690" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8E076FFDDF91EFFCBDA4C8" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[573,820,1510,1534]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 690</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, figs. 445, 452.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF759225FD70A7E0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF759225FEBFA770" bold="true" box="[151,310,1580,1606]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFF759225FF5BA770" box="[151,210,1580,1606]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location id="8EF66006FF8E076FFEDE9224FE26A770" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF8E076EFF759157FD99A39F:8EF66006FF8E076FFEDE9224FE26A770" box="[316,431,1580,1607]" name="Mt. Kaala" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Mt. Kaala</location>
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, above
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(Oahu)
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.
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF259259FD6DA785" blockId="96.[151,1437,1580,2044]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF259259FEFEA75C" bold="true" box="[199,375,1616,1642]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF8E076FFE9D9259FE61A7B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273354" collectingDate="1925-03-01" collectorName="D, Mt. Kaala" county="Oahu" elevation="914" location="Mt. Kaala" municipality="Waianae" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFE9D9259FE6EA75C" box="[383,487,1616,1642]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectorName id="26DC530BFF8E076FFE129258FD03A75C" box="[496,650,1616,1643]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
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♂,
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<location id="8EF66006FF8E076FFDF79258FD03A75C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF8E076EFF759157FD99A39F:8EF66006FF8E076FFDF79258FD03A75C" box="[533,650,1616,1643]" county="Oahu" municipality="Waianae" name="Mt. Kaala" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Mt. Kaala</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FF8E076FFD749259FD7FA75C" box="[662,758,1616,1642]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Waianae</collectingMunicipality>
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range, [above
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</quantity>
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],
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<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FF8E076FFBF19259FBDBA75C" box="[1043,1106,1616,1642]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Oahu</collectingCounty>
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,
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<date id="FF97101DFF8E076FFB829259FB44A75D" box="[1120,1229,1616,1643]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1925-03-01">
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<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF8E076FFB829259FB44A75D" box="[1120,1229,1616,1643]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1925-03-01">1.iii.1925</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, Swezey Coll., ex cocoon on leaf of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFEBC927CFE61A7B8" box="[350,488,1653,1678]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFEBC927CFE61A7B8" box="[350,488,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Pittosporum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</materialsCitation>
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, |
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<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF8E076FFE1A927DFD69A785" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273320" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="O. H. Swezey" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFE1A927DFDEDA7B8" box="[504,612,1652,1678]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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|
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFD92927CFB82A7B9" authority="Swezey Det." authorityName="Swezey Det." box="[624,1035,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pittosporella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFD92927CFCF1A7B8" box="[624,888,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Parectopa pittosporella</emphasis>
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Swezey Det.
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</taxonomicName>
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by
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFF8E076FFBD1927DFB4EA7B8" box="[1075,1223,1652,1678]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">O.H. Swezey</collectorName>
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||
| ♂
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFB16927DFADFA7B8" box="[1268,1366,1652,1678]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
abdomen sent E.C.Z 11-8-60,| [Type] no.
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|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF8E076FFD6D9290FD69A785" box="[655,736,1689,1715]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2592B5FD70A7E0" blockId="96.[151,1437,1580,2044]" box="[199,761,1724,1751]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Described based on a single specimen from Oahu.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076FFF2592E9FB75A628" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076FFF2592E9FB75A628" blockId="96.[151,1437,1580,2044]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF2592E9FECBA7CC" bold="true" box="[199,322,1760,1786]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFCED92E8FCFCA7CC" box="[783,885,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funkae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFCED92E8FCFCA7CC" box="[783,885,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. funkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFC9992E9FC30A7CC" bold="true" box="[891,953,1760,1786]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF8E076FFC9992E9FC30A7CC" box="[891,953,1760,1786]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but it is distinguished by its light ocherous brown forewing and orange to light brown apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFD5C930DFCAEA628" box="[702,807,1796,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). See also the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8E076FFBB4930CFB3CA628" box="[1110,1205,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="keahii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFBB4930CFB3CA628" box="[1110,1205,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">P. keahii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFB5F930DFB75A628" bold="true" box="[1213,1276,1796,1822]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF8E076FFB5F930DFB75A628" box="[1213,1276,1796,1822]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8E076EFF259321FD80A0BF" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8E076EFF259321FABCA1E3" blockId="96.[151,1437,1580,2044]" lastBlockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="97" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFF259321FE49A674" bold="true" box="[199,448,1832,1858]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF8E076FFE2D9321FDBEA674" box="[463,567,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,184,1593]" captionTargetId="figure-23@40.[167,1421,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 21. Adults of Philodoria species. A Wings of P. funkae sp n., holotype female, B Right forewing of holotype shown in A, C Wings of paratype female, D P. pittosporella (Swezey, 1928) holotype male, E P. touchardiella (Swezey, 1928) lectotype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681855/files/figure.png" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFD229321FC9FA675" box="[704,790,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFCDA9321FC17A674" box="[824,926,1832,1858]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF8E076FFB829321FB28A675" box="[1120,1185,1832,1859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8E076FFB219321FAA0A674" box="[1219,1321,1832,1858]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head and frons white; maxillary palpus white; labial palpus white, a little brownish externally. Antenna light ocherous brown, whitie at base, about 1.2–1.3x length of forewing. Thorax white. Forewing light ocherous brown with white patches: a large white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFEC9939DFEC7A682" bold="true" box="[299,334,1940,1972]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFEA493AFFEC7A682" attach="left" box="[326,334,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 1/2, connecting
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFDC2939DFDCBA682" bold="true" box="[544,578,1940,1972]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFDD893AFFDCBA682" attach="left" box="[570,578,1958,1972]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 1/5, distad portion widened to fold, then with an oblique pointed extension continuing 2/3 across wing, another from 3/5 nearly to apex, an extension obliquely towards the end of white costal streak, not reaching it, with a few brown scales at 3/4; an outwardly oblique white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8E076FFBCF93D5FBC5A6CA" bold="true" box="[1069,1100,2012,2044]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF8E076FFBA693E7FBC5A6CA" attach="left" box="[1092,1100,2030,2044]" fontSize="6" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 4/5, margined with fuscous scales; a few blue scales at apex; apical portion damaged, cilia gray with three white costal spots (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFB30949EFA9CA187" bold="true" box="[1234,1301,151,177]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
). Hindwing and cilia grayish fuscous. Legs grayish fuscous, somewhat banded with white. Abdomen grayish fuscous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8F076EFF2594D6FF67A053" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF2594D6FEFBA1CE" bold="true" box="[199,370,222,249]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8F076EFE4B94D6FD04A1CF" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[425,653,223,249]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 452). Tegumen oblong, 0.7–0.8 x length of valva; valva tapering along costal margin from basal 1/2 to apex; apical half slender and slightly curved toward inner margin. Saccus short and pointed at apex in ventral view. Phallus straight with small coecum; vesica with well-developed minute cornuti.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8F076EFF259566FD80A0BF" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,521,366,393]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF259566FE05A0BE" bold="true" box="[199,396,366,393]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8F076EFF25959BFDD2A09B" box="[199,603,402,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8F076EFF25959BFDD2A09B" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,603,402,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF25959BFEE8A09A" bold="true" box="[199,353,402,428]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oahu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8F076EFE51959AFDC7A09B" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[435,590,403,429]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8F076EFF2595BEFDE3A0E7" box="[199,618,438,465]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8F076EFF2595BEFDE3A0E7" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" box="[199,618,438,465]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF2595BEFEDFA0E7" bold="true" box="[199,342,439,465]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFE6F95BFFE64A0E6" bold="true" box="[397,493,438,464]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF8F076EFF2595D2FD99A39F" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF8F076EFF2595D2FD99A39F" blockId="97.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF2595D2FEB2A0C3" bold="true" box="[199,315,475,501]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8F076EFEA495D2FDBBA0C3" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[326,562,475,501]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
incorrectly reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8F076EFCCA95D2FC3BA0C2" box="[808,946,475,500]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFCCA95D2FC3BA0C2" box="[808,946,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pittosporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the host plant and noted that the larva emerges from its mine to spin a cocoon on the leaf surface.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF8F076EFCD295F6FC51A32F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[816,984,511,537]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey (1928)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF8F076EFB9C95F6FB69A32F" box="[1150,1248,511,537]" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was reared from a cocoon found on a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8F076EFE25962AFDD8A30A" box="[455,593,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFE25962AFDD8A30A" box="[455,593,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pittosporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
without mines on the leaves and pointed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8F076EFBA5962AFB58A30A" box="[1095,1233,547,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFBA5962AFB58A30A" box="[1095,1233,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pittosporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not the actual host plant. We observed leaf mines on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8F076EFDB3964EFD52A356" box="[593,731,583,608]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Pittosporaceae" genus="Pittosporum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFDB3964EFD52A356" box="[593,731,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Pittosporum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on Kauai and Oahu, but it is unclear what insect makes these leaf mines as we have not been successful in finding a mine with a larva. It is likely that this mine is not made by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF8F076EFF759686FE99A39F" box="[151,272,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF8F076EFF759686FE99A39F" box="[151,272,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="98">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but by another insect.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |