819 lines
99 KiB
XML
819 lines
99 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0FEA65A292EE61B99CF9043A8A80AD39">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FF759042FDC5A553" ID-CoL="4G8P3" authority="(Swezey, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[151,588,1099,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF759042FDC5A553" bold="true" box="[151,588,1099,1126]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF759042FE07A550" bold="true" box="[151,398,1099,1126]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Philodoria ureraella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FE7F9042FDCAA553" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[413,579,1099,1125]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF810760FF759079FCB7A5BC" blockId="111.[151,830,1099,1162]" box="[151,830,1135,1162]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FF759079FEA0A5BC" box="[151,297,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,187,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-23@46.[160,1427,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella (Swezey, 1915) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘P. ureraella’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681863/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Figs. 25A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FED69079FE38A5BC" box="[308,433,1136,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,185,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-23@64.[195,1393,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 33. Distribution of Urera-mining Philodoria species and their forewing coloration and pattern. A Distribution of Urera-mining Philodoria species, stars indicate type localities, B P. opuhe paratype, female, right bottom specimen on mount, one of four types (including SK742), ex Urera, blotch mine, USNM, C Same species, paratype male, left bottom specimen on same mount as B, D P. ureraella, paralectotype male (SK742), E, F P. opuhe, male (SK682), ex blotch mine (USNM), G P. urerana male (SK670), H, I P. ureraella male (PHIL0005), Iao Valley, Maui, J, K Same species and locality, female (PHIL0006), L, M P. ureraella male (SK815), Waikamoi, Maui. Localities of B–D are Mt. Tantalus, E–G are Waianae Mts, Oahu. Data based on recent fieldwork and historical museum specimen labels. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681885/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">33D, H–M</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FE5E9066FE64A5BC" box="[444,493,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="104.[151,250,749,773]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,282,721]" captionTargetId="figure-70@104.[151,1437,273,726]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 53. Valva of Philodoria. A, C, D: Left valva, B: Right valva. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. sciallactis, paralectotype, C P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, D P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681925/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">53C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FE1A9066FDA3A5BC" box="[504,554,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,842,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-120@104.[150,1438,834,1820]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 54. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK682, D Same as C, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681927/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">54B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FDD79066FDEFA5BC" box="[565,614,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[249,1345,190,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[238,1350,181,1358]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 55. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681929/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">55B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FD909066FD28A5BF" box="[626,673,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="111.[151,250,921,945]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,191,891]" captionTargetId="figure-20@111.[151,1437,181,897]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 60. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. marginestrigata, SK665, B Same species, SK772, host: Abutilon menziesi, C Same species, SK787, host: Sida fallax, D P. sciallactis, paralectotype, SK713, E P. ureraella, paralectotype, SK677, F P. opuhe, paratype, SK675." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681939/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">60E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FD4F9079FD56A5BC" box="[685,735,1136,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 78" captionStartId="140.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,184,1604]" captionTargetId="figure-23@140.[158,1430,181,1607]" captionTargetPageId="140" captionText="FIGURE 78. Resting posture of adult Philodoria on their larval host A P. sciallactis, Maui, CJ195, host: Melanthera kamolensis, B, C P. sciallactis, Maui, CJ164, 189, host: M. kamolensis, D P. ureraella, Maui, CJ316, host: Urera glabra, E, F P. urerana, Oahu, CJ307, host: U. glabra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681977/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">78D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FD099066FCB3A5BC" box="[747,826,1135,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 95" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,196,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-20@157.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 95. Mines of Philodoria on Urera glabra. A–C: P. urerana, Oahu, D–F: P. ureraella, Maui, CJ307, A, D Mines of late instar larvae, B, E Mines and cocoon, C, F Cocoon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682021/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">95D–F</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FF810760FF7590BDFC69A43F" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF810760FF7590BDFDA1A5FA" blockId="111.[151,992,1204,1290]" box="[151,552,1204,1228]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF810760FF7590BDFDAAA5FA" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,547,1204,1228]" page="94" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FF7590BDFDAAA5FA" authority="Swezey, 1915: 94" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,547,1204,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF7590BDFEEEA5FA" box="[151,359,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Gracilaria ureraella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FE8C90BDFDAAA5FA" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[366,547,1204,1228]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey, 1915: 94</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF7590DAFEEAA5DD" box="[151,355,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Parectopa ureraella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FE9390DAFD8BA5DD" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[369,514,1235,1259]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF810760FDF690DAFD5AA5DD" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[532,723,1235,1259]" page="191" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FDF690DAFD5AA5DD" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[532,723,1235,1259]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928: 191</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF810760FF7590F8FC69A43F" blockId="111.[151,992,1204,1290]" box="[151,992,1265,1290]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF7590F8FEE1A43F" box="[151,360,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Philodoria ureraella</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FE9490FBFD8EA43F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[374,519,1265,1290]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF810760FDF890F8FC98A43F" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[538,785,1265,1290]" page="691" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FDF890F8FC98A43F" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[538,785,1265,1290]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 691</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 446, 453, 460.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF81077FFF759131FD4AA65A" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF810760FF759131FDAEA465" blockId="111.[151,1437,1335,2011]" box="[151,551,1335,1363]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF810760FF759131FDAAA465" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273379" box="[151,547,1335,1363]" location="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF759131FEBFA467" bold="true" box="[151,310,1335,1362]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FF759131FF5BA464" box="[151,210,1336,1362]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FF810760FEDE9131FE41A464" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF81077BFF759042FBFAA09B:8EF66006FF810760FEDE9131FE41A464" box="[316,456,1336,1362]" name="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Mt. Tantalus</location>
|
||
(Oahu)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF810760FF259155FCA8A6A4" blockId="111.[151,1437,1335,2011]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF259155FEFCA443" bold="true" box="[199,373,1371,1398]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FE9E9155FE65A440" box="[380,492,1372,1398]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂, Mt. Tantalus, Oahu, [
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FCE09152FCF4A440" box="[770,893,1371,1398]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1914-03-15">15.iii.1914</date>
|
||
or
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FC419152FB97A440" box="[931,1054,1371,1398]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1915-03-16">16.iii.1915</date>
|
||
] O.H. Swezey, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FAE89155FAC4A443" box="[1290,1357,1372,1397]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FAE89155FAC4A443" box="[1290,1357,1372,1397]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Urera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FABC9155FF7FA4AF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FABC9155FF7FA4AF" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">sandwicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], |TYPE of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FE9D9189FD4DA4AC" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" box="[383,708,1408,1434]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FE9D9189FDEFA4AC" box="[383,614,1408,1434]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Gracilaria ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Type no.] 213| left bottom one of four types on the type mount, Type no.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF810760FEE491ADFED9A488" box="[262,336,1444,1470]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4102" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" unit="in" value="213.0">213 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FEBB91ADFE23A488" box="[345,426,1444,1470]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
. [designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FD8B91ADFCD2A488" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[617,859,1443,1470]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FC8D91ADFB8EA488" box="[879,1031,1444,1470]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
10 (7♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FB9791ADFB1EA488" box="[1141,1175,1444,1470]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 2 sex unknown). 6♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FF7591C1FF33A4D4" box="[151,186,1480,1506]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown), same data and locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FD0391C1FCC2A4D4" box="[737,843,1480,1506]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, SK676♂|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FC5F91CEFB86A4D4" box="[957,1039,1479,1506]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34350, ♂|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FB9E91CEFB46A4D4" box="[1148,1231,1479,1506]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34351 (right bottom one of four types),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FE4B91E2FE7EA730" box="[425,503,1515,1542]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34352 (3♂, 1 sex unknown) |ex. serpentine mine| 34355♂ (top one of two types), SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FF5F9206FF7CA71F" box="[189,245,1551,1577]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="female">677♀</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FF1A9206FEC2A71F" box="[248,331,1551,1577]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
34360; 1♂, 1 (sex unknown), same data and locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FC499219FB9CA71C" box="[939,1045,1552,1578]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, bottom two of four types, SK742♂ in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FF55923DFE85A778" box="[183,268,1588,1614]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Described from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FE36923DFDFBA778" box="[468,626,1588,1614]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
: two series collected from leaf mines from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FB8E923DFAC4A778" box="[1132,1357,1588,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandwicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FB8E923DFAC4A778" box="[1132,1357,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Urera sandwicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Mt. Tantalus, Oahu:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FEB39251FE60A744" box="[337,489,1624,1650]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FDEC9251FD4CA744" box="[526,709,1623,1650]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1914-03-15">March 15, 1914</date>
|
||
; and 20 more specimens from mined leaves of the same tree, on
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FF759275FEC2A7A0" box="[151,331,1659,1686]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="1915-03-16">March 16, 1915</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FEB99275FE74A7A0" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[347,509,1659,1686]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Swezey considered them as one species, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FC099275FBDBA7A0" box="[1003,1106,1660,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FC099275FBDBA7A0" box="[1003,1106,1660,1686]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ and described ‘wing pattern variation’: ‘~sometimes the whitish markings are pure white’ (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FC9392A9FC51A78C" box="[881,984,1696,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FC9392A9FC51A78C" box="[881,984,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FC1392A9FBF1A78C" box="[1009,1144,1695,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,187,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-23@46.[160,1427,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella (Swezey, 1915) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘P. ureraella’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681863/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and ‘sometimes they are ocherous concolorous with the other ocherous portions of the wing’ (= new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FB8592CDFB22A7E8" box="[1127,1195,1732,1758]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FB8592CDFB22A7E8" box="[1127,1195,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">opuhe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FB5792CDFB7EA7E8" bold="true" box="[1205,1271,1732,1758]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FF810760FB5792CDFB7EA7E8" box="[1205,1271,1732,1758]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the present study) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF810760FF0F92E1FEFEA634" box="[237,375,1767,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,187,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-23@46.[160,1427,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella (Swezey, 1915) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘P. ureraella’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681863/files/figure.png" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Fig. 25C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF810760FE6992E1FD2FA637" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[395,678,1767,1794]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a: 673</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 446) designated the specimen that has whitish markings as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FF759305FF77A610" box="[151,254,1804,1830]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FEC49305FE20A610" box="[294,425,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FEC49305FE20A610" box="[294,425,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from four
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FDC59305FD00A610" box="[551,649,1804,1830]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
on the single ‘type’ mount 213. We examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FB7D9305FAECA610" box="[1183,1381,1804,1830]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">70 paralectotypes</specimenCount>
|
||
designated by Zimmerman in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FE2A9339FD9FA67C" box="[456,534,1840,1866]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FDAD9339FD29A67C" box="[591,672,1840,1866]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FD309339FCDFA67C" box="[722,854,1840,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FD309339FCDFA67C" box="[722,854,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ and we recognize 10 of them as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF810760FB399339FAF4A67C" box="[1243,1405,1840,1866]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FF75935DFE93A658" box="[151,282,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF75935DFE93A658" box="[151,282,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The remaining
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FE36935AFDE5A658" box="[468,620,1875,1902]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="generic">60 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from that series are here described as a new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FB26935DFAAAA658" box="[1220,1315,1876,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FB26935DFAAAA658" box="[1220,1315,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">P. opuhe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has ocherous forewings and a distinct broad valva and saccus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF81077FFF259392FD4AA65A" blockId="111.[151,1437,1335,2011]" lastBlockId="112.[151,1436,1837,2007]" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FF259392FE35A683" bold="true" box="[199,444,1947,1973]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF810760FE249395FA14A680" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273351" box="[454,1437,1948,1975]" collectingDate="2014-07-21" collectingDateMax="2016-05-24" collectingDateMin="2014-07-21" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" county="lower Waikamoi" location="Iao Valley" municipality="Maile Trail" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
|
||
8 (4♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FDF89395FDB7A680" box="[538,574,1948,1974]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 sex unknown).
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFF810760FCF79395FC3FA680" box="[789,950,1948,1974]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Maui Is., C.A</collectorName>
|
||
. Johns leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF810760FB659395FA97A680" box="[1159,1310,1948,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF810760FB659395FA97A680" box="[1159,1310,1948,1974]" italics="true" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Urera glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF810760FAA59395FA10A680" box="[1351,1433,1948,1974]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
:
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF81077FFF7593C9FF65A671" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273335" collectingDate="2014-07-21" collectingDateMax="2016-05-24" collectingDateMin="2014-07-21" collectionCode="BPBM" county="lower Waikamoi" lastPageId="112" lastPageNumber="113" location="Iao Valley" municipality="Maile Trail" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
|
||
2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF810760FF2B93C9FF65A6EC" box="[201,236,1984,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown),
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FF810760FE2793C9FDB0A6EC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF81077BFF759042FBFAA09B:8EF66006FF810760FE2793C9FDB0A6EC" box="[453,569,1984,2010]" county="lower Waikamoi" municipality="Maile Trail" name="Iao Valley" pageId="111" pageNumber="112">Iao Valley</location>
|
||
, 1&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FD8693C9FD6BA6EC" box="[612,738,1984,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="2014-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF810760FD8693C9FD6BA6EC" box="[612,738,1984,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="2014-08-09">9.viii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF810760FCAC93C9FC59A6EC" box="[846,976,1984,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="2014-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF810760FCAC93C9FC59A6EC" box="[846,976,1984,2010]" pageId="111" pageNumber="112" value="2014-07-28">28.vii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, CJ316 / SK816♂, CJ337 / PHIL0005♂, 0006
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF9E077FFF3B9324FF61A671" box="[217,232,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF9E077FFF149324FB9AA671" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273344" box="[246,1043,1837,1864]" collectingDate="2014-07-21" collectingDateMax="2016-05-24" collectingDateMin="2014-07-21" collectionCode="BPBM" county="lower Waikamoi" location="Iao Valley" municipality="Maile Trail" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
|
||
1♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF9E077FFECB9324FEC4A671" box="[297,333,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FF9E077FFEBE9324FE58A671" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF81077BFF759042FBFAA09B:8EF66006FF9E077FFEBE9324FE58A671" box="[348,465,1837,1863]" county="lower Waikamoi" municipality="Maile Trail" name="Waikamoi" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Waikamoi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF9E077FFE3D9324FDD0A671" box="[479,601,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2014-08-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF9E077FFE3D9324FDD0A671" box="[479,601,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2014-08-02">2.viii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF9E077FFD289324FCC5A671" box="[714,844,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2014-07-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF9E077FFD289324FCC5A671" box="[714,844,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2014-07-21">21.vii.2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, CJ324/SK817♂;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF9E077FFBFF9324FD36A65A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273359" collectingDate="2014-07-21" collectingDateMax="2016-05-24" collectingDateMin="2014-07-21" collectionCode="BPBM" county="lower Waikamoi" location="Iao Valley" municipality="Maile Trail" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7">
|
||
1♂,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FF9E077FFBB39324FB59A671" box="[1105,1232,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Maile Trail</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FF9E077FFB389324FA11A671" box="[1242,1432,1837,1863]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">lower Waikamoi</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF9E077FFF759358FE8CA65D" box="[151,261,1873,1899]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2016-05-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FF9E077FFF759358FE8CA65D" box="[151,261,1873,1899]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" value="2016-05-24">24.v.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored), Spring.2016, CJ541/SK815♂
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FF9E077FFF75923AFF72A7C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681941/files/figure.png" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" startId="112.[151,250,1587,1611]" targetBox="[151,1430,185,1560]" targetPageId="112">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9E077FFF75923AFF72A7C8" blockId="112.[151,1437,1587,1790]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFF75923AFEA8A77D" bold="true" box="[151,289,1587,1611]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">FIGURE 61.</emphasis>
|
||
Images of genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC63923AFC3BA77D" bold="true" box="[897,946,1587,1611]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFC23923DFBE6A77D" box="[961,1135,1587,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC23923DFBE6A77D" box="[961,1135,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. auromagnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-5,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFF75925EFF41A758" bold="true" box="[151,200,1622,1647]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">E–G</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFF349251FE0AA759" box="[214,387,1623,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="auromagnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFF349251FE0AA759" box="[214,387,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. auromagnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-6,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFD25925EFD6AA759" bold="true" box="[711,739,1623,1647]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">H:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFD089251FCC5A759" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[746,844,1623,1647]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFD089251FCC5A759" box="[746,844,1623,1647]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. basalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-XII-20-62-4,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFAC0925EFAC2A759" bold="true" box="[1314,1355,1623,1647]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">I–N</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFABB9251FF4AA7A5" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFABB9251FF4AA7A5" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. costalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paralectotype male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-2.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFD649272FD11A7A5" bold="true" box="[646,664,1659,1683]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFD449272FD37A7A5" bold="true" box="[678,702,1659,1683]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">M</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus, lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC409272FC3AA7A5" bold="true" box="[930,947,1659,1683]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">B</emphasis>
|
||
Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFA689272FA15A7A5" bold="true" box="[1418,1436,1659,1683]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">C</emphasis>
|
||
Coremata,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFEE79296FE9EA781" bold="true" box="[261,279,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">D</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II–III,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFDDB9296FDC3A781" bold="true" box="[569,586,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">E</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II–VI,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC8F9296FCF5A781" bold="true" box="[877,892,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">F</emphasis>
|
||
Tergum II,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC109296FB8FA781" bold="true" box="[1010,1030,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">G</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFBF39296FBACA781" bold="true" box="[1041,1061,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">H</emphasis>
|
||
Entire female genitalia,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFAF99296FAACA781" bold="true" box="[1307,1317,1695,1719]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">I</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II–V,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFED592CAFECDA7ED" bold="true" box="[311,324,1731,1755]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">J</emphasis>
|
||
Right valva,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFE2D92CAFE6AA7ED" bold="true" box="[463,483,1731,1755]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">K</emphasis>
|
||
Genital capsule, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFCC392CAFCBBA7ED" bold="true" box="[801,818,1731,1755]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">L</emphasis>
|
||
Left valva,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC4D92CAFC48A7ED" bold="true" box="[943,961,1731,1755]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">N</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segment VIII with dorsal flap and coremata.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF9E077FFF25937CFD5AA6E1" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9E077FFF25937CFD5AA6E1" blockId="112.[151,1436,1837,2007]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFF25937CFECBA6B9" bold="true" box="[199,322,1909,1935]" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The forewing pattern is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFCEB937FFC4AA6B9" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[777,963,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFCEB937FFC4AA6B9" box="[777,963,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. lipochaetaella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9E077FFC15937FFB0AA6B9" box="[1015,1155,1909,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciallactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9E077FFC15937FFB0AA6B9" box="[1015,1155,1909,1935]" italics="true" pageId="112" pageNumber="113">P. sciallactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is distinguishable by the lack of a 2nd costal ocherous patch; the male genitalia have a very slender and needle-shaped saccus; the female genitalia have a corpus bursae with some wrinkles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FF9F077EFF759194FAAEA717" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681943/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" startId="113.[151,250,1437,1461]" targetBox="[151,1428,186,1407]" targetPageId="113">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9F077EFF759194FAAEA717" blockId="113.[151,1437,1437,1570]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFF759194FE90A483" bold="true" box="[151,281,1437,1461]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">FIGURE 62</emphasis>
|
||
. Images of genitalia and wing vein mounts prepared by E. C. Zimmerman.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFBFB9194FBC0A483" bold="true" box="[1049,1097,1437,1461]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">A–E</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9F077EFBB49197FB7FA483" box="[1110,1270,1437,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lysimachiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFBB49197FB7FA483" box="[1110,1270,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">P. lysimachiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Oahu, Z- XII-20-62-1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFEFD91C8FEC6A4EF" bold="true" box="[287,335,1473,1497]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">F–H</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9F077EFEBE91CBFE71A4EF" box="[348,504,1473,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="molokaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFEBE91CBFE71A4EF" box="[348,504,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">P. molokaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paralectotype female, Molokai,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFCA491C8FCD9A4EF" bold="true" box="[838,848,1473,1497]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">I</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFCBE91C8FCE0A4EF" bold="true" box="[860,873,1473,1497]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">J</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9F077EFC9791CBFB9DA4EF" box="[885,1044,1473,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="knudseniiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFC9791CBFB9DA4EF" box="[885,1044,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">P. knudseniiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype female, Kauai, Z-I-10-66-A.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFF7591ECFF20A4CB" bold="true" box="[151,169,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">A</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus, lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFE6F91ECFE17A4CB" bold="true" box="[397,414,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">B</emphasis>
|
||
Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFC9691ECFC0FA4CB" bold="true" box="[884,902,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">C</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal flap,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFBEF91ECFB96A4CB" bold="true" box="[1037,1055,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">D</emphasis>
|
||
Pair of coremata,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFB3C91ECFB66A4CB" bold="true" box="[1246,1263,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFB1F91ECFAACA4CB" bold="true" box="[1277,1317,1509,1533]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">G J</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFEE09200FE98A717" bold="true" box="[258,273,1545,1569]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFEFC9200FEBBA717" bold="true" box="[286,306,1545,1569]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">G</emphasis>
|
||
Z-XII-19-62-26,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFE079200FE7DA717" bold="true" box="[485,500,1545,1569]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">F</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFDE09200FD85A717" bold="true" box="[514,524,1545,1569]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">I</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFCAD9200FCEAA717" bold="true" box="[847,867,1545,1569]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">H</emphasis>
|
||
Same species, left wing veins, Z-XII-20-65.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF9F077DFF259246FB01A6CE" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9F077EFF259246FB26A69B" blockId="113.[151,1437,1615,2038]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFF259246FE4AA75F" bold="true" box="[199,451,1615,1641]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFE379246FDE5A75C" box="[469,620,1615,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,187,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-23@46.[160,1427,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella (Swezey, 1915) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘P. ureraella’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681863/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Figs. 25A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFD989246FD72A75C" box="[634,763,1615,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="64.[151,250,1776,1800]" captionTargetBox="[202,1387,185,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-23@64.[195,1393,181,1752]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 33. Distribution of Urera-mining Philodoria species and their forewing coloration and pattern. A Distribution of Urera-mining Philodoria species, stars indicate type localities, B P. opuhe paratype, female, right bottom specimen on mount, one of four types (including SK742), ex Urera, blotch mine, USNM, C Same species, paratype male, left bottom specimen on same mount as B, D P. ureraella, paralectotype male (SK742), E, F P. opuhe, male (SK682), ex blotch mine (USNM), G P. urerana male (SK670), H, I P. ureraella male (PHIL0005), Iao Valley, Maui, J, K Same species and locality, female (PHIL0006), L, M P. ureraella male (SK815), Waikamoi, Maui. Localities of B–D are Mt. Tantalus, E–G are Waianae Mts, Oahu. Data based on recent fieldwork and historical museum specimen labels. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681885/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">33D, H–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9F077EFC6B9246FC60A75C" box="[905,1001,1615,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in type series; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9F077EFABB9246FA14A75C" box="[1369,1437,1615,1642]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF9F077EFF57927AFE95A7BB" box="[181,284,1651,1677]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFECE927AFE1BA7B8" box="[300,402,1651,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1637,1661]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,187,1607]" captionTargetId="figure-23@46.[160,1427,181,1613]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 25. Adults of Philodoria ureraella (Swezey, 1915) and P. opuhe sp. n. A P. ureraella paralectotype (sex unknown) one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), B lectotype male (lower left specimen on mount), C P. opuhe holotype male (upper right specimen on mount), D P. opuhe paratype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount), E Types of P. ureraella and P. opihe on type mount 213 (BPBM) (= four cotypes of ‘P. ureraella’ by Swezey). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681863/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9F077EFE4A927AFD8FA7B8" box="[424,518,1651,1678]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF9F077EFDC9927AFD59A7BB" box="[555,720,1651,1677]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head and frons white; maxillary palpus white, dark brown beneath; labial palpus white, with fuscous externally. Antenna ocherous, fuscous on apical fourth, 1.3–1.4 x length of forewing. Thorax white to ocherous. Forewing pure white with orange ocherous patches enclosed fuscous scales: an obscure basal patch at 1/7 with slender orange line from 1/7 to near middle; a large
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFB8992D6FB06A636" bold="true" box="[1131,1167,1759,1792]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
cp
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF9F077EFB6592FBFB06A636" attach="left" box="[1159,1167,1778,1792]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from 3/4 to the middle, fuscous line of inside not reaching costa; one oblique
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFD08930AFC98A612" bold="true" box="[746,785,1795,1828]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
dp
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF9F077EFCEB931FFC98A612" attach="left" box="[777,785,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 1/4 connecting orange line of basal patch,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFAE5930AFAA7A612" bold="true" box="[1287,1326,1795,1828]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
dp
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF9F077EFAC4931FFAA7A612" attach="left" box="[1318,1326,1814,1828]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
about 1/2 reaching the middle of wing, connecting
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFD83932EFD0CA67E" bold="true" box="[609,645,1831,1864]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
cp
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF9F077EFD9F9333FD0CA67E" attach="left" box="[637,645,1850,1864]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; apical portion orange ocherous with costal and near dorsal black lines from 4/5 to black
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFE829342FEF0A653" bold="true" box="[352,377,1867,1893]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">as</emphasis>
|
||
of termen; cilia orange ocherous mixed with fuscous scales; three white spots (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFB179342FAB2A653" bold="true" box="[1269,1339,1867,1893]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
) at apex and fuscous apical patch at termen and a dark fuscous
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFCE79366FCADA6A6" bold="true" box="[773,804,1903,1936]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
bl
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FF9F077EFCFE938BFCADA6A6" attach="left" box="[796,804,1922,1936]" fontSize="6" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from termen to tornus. Hindwing grayish fuscous, cilia paler. Abdomen grayish fuscous. Legs ocherous, fuscous above and tarsi barred with fuscous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9F077DFF2593BEFCABA672" blockId="113.[151,1437,1615,2038]" lastBlockId="114.[151,1437,1761,2040]" lastPageId="114" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9F077EFF2593BEFEFAA6E7" bold="true" box="[199,371,1975,2001]" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFE6093BEFE7DA6E4" box="[386,500,1975,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="104.[151,250,749,773]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,282,721]" captionTargetId="figure-70@104.[151,1437,273,726]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 53. Valva of Philodoria. A, C, D: Left valva, B: Right valva. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. sciallactis, paralectotype, C P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, D P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681925/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">Figs. 53C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFDE293BEFDBBA6E4" box="[512,562,1975,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,842,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-120@104.[150,1438,834,1820]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 54. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK682, D Same as C, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681927/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">54B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9F077EFDDC93BEFDE7A6E4" box="[574,622,1975,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[249,1345,190,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[238,1350,181,1358]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 55. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681929/files/figure.png" pageId="113" pageNumber="114">55B</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=6). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9F077EFCCF93BEFC01A6E4" box="[813,904,1975,2002]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="780.0">780 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.9–1.0 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9F077EFA9093BEFF34A6C0" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" unit="mm" value="540.0">540 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, tapering along costal margin from basal 2/5–1/2 to apex; apical half digitiform and slightly curved toward outer margin with small spines at apex; a set of short arranged spines along inner side of basal region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9C077DFACA92EBFA06A7CA" box="[1320,1423,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 53" captionStartId="104.[151,250,749,773]" captionTargetBox="[157,1430,282,721]" captionTargetId="figure-70@104.[151,1437,273,726]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 53. Valva of Philodoria. A, C, D: Left valva, B: Right valva. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. sciallactis, paralectotype, C P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, D P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681925/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 53C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus very slender and needle-shaped in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9C077DFCFB930FFC08A616" box="[793,897,1797,1824]" captionStart="FIGURE 54" captionStartId="104.[151,250,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[160,1434,842,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-120@104.[150,1438,834,1820]" captionTargetPageId="104" captionText="FIGURE 54. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK682, D Same as C, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681927" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681927/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 54B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9C077DFC10930CFBC3A616" box="[1010,1098,1797,1824]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="570.0">570 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and nearly straight with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9C077DFD4D9323FC9FA672" box="[687,790,1833,1860]" captionStart="FIGURE 55" captionStartId="105.[151,250,1383,1407]" captionTargetBox="[249,1345,190,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-20@105.[238,1350,181,1358]" captionTargetPageId="105" captionText="FIGURE 55. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. sciallactis (syntype of Parectopa lipochaetae), Maui, SK699, B P. ureraella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK676, C P. opuhe, paratype, Oahu, SK674." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681929" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681929/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 55B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FF9C077DFF759226FA9FA785" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681945/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" startId="114.[151,250,1583,1607]" targetBox="[170,1420,185,1556]" targetPageId="114">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9C077DFF759226FA9FA785" blockId="114.[151,1437,1583,1716]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFF759226FEAAA771" bold="true" box="[151,291,1583,1607]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFC379226FC6EA771" bold="true" box="[981,999,1583,1607]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFC149239FB8EA77E" bold="true" box="[1014,1031,1584,1608]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">B</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9C077DFBF59239FB61A771" box="[1047,1256,1583,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperomanniella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFBF59239FB61A771" box="[1047,1256,1583,1607]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. hesperomanniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFEAC925AFEE9A75D" bold="true" box="[334,352,1619,1643]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFE8C925DFE09A75A" bold="true" box="[366,384,1620,1644]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9C077DFE6C925DFDABA75D" box="[398,546,1619,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFE6C925DFDABA75D" box="[398,546,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFBCE925DFBD4A75D" bold="true" box="[1068,1117,1619,1644]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">E–G</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9C077DFB89925DFB76A75D" box="[1131,1279,1619,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obamaorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFB89925DFB76A75D" box="[1131,1279,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. obamaorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3),
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFE1C9271FD9BA7A6" bold="true" box="[510,530,1656,1680]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">H</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9C077DFDFD9271FD32A7B9" box="[543,699,1655,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFDFD9271FD32A7B9" box="[543,699,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFB86927EFBFFA7B9" bold="true" box="[1124,1142,1655,1679]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFB61927EFB1CA7B9" bold="true" box="[1155,1173,1655,1679]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">C</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFB409271FB3FA7A6" bold="true" box="[1186,1206,1656,1680]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">H</emphasis>
|
||
Female genitalia, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFF1E9295FE84A782" bold="true" box="[252,269,1692,1716]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFEFB9295FEA2A782" bold="true" box="[281,299,1692,1716]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFEDA9292FEC5A785" bold="true" box="[312,332,1691,1715]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">G</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFDD69295FDCCA782" bold="true" box="[564,581,1692,1716]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">E</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFBCE9295FBB2A782" bold="true" box="[1068,1083,1692,1716]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">F</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus, lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9C077DFF259347FB01A6CE" blockId="114.[151,1437,1761,2040]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9C077DFF259347FE04A651" bold="true" box="[199,397,1869,1896]" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9C077DFE7F9347FD88A65E" box="[413,513,1869,1896]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="111.[151,250,921,945]" captionTargetBox="[157,1433,191,891]" captionTargetId="figure-20@111.[151,1437,181,897]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="FIGURE 60. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. marginestrigata, SK665, B Same species, SK772, host: Abutilon menziesi, C Same species, SK787, host: Sida fallax, D P. sciallactis, paralectotype, SK713, E P. ureraella, paralectotype, SK677, F P. opuhe, paratype, SK675." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681939" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681939/files/figure.png" pageId="114" pageNumber="115">Fig. 60E</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=2).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9C077DFDBC9347FD4AA65E" box="[606,707,1870,1896]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="1230.0">1230 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum large, cup-shaped with a pair of thick lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9C077DFD65937BFC90A6BA" box="[647,793,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="185.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="180.0">180–190 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, trapezoid, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae slender and long, middle part weakly sclerotized, round and flat; terminus of ductus bursae tubular, biforked; middle part of ductus seminalis very broad. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF9C077DFBD993B0FB1AA6E2" box="[1083,1171,1977,2004]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="660.0">660 µm</quantity>
|
||
, oblong; anterior end of corpus bursae weakly sclerotized; paired rows of longitudinal, partly sclerotized wrinkles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FF9D077CFF759156FCF3A4D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681949" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681949/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" startId="115.[151,250,1375,1399]" targetBox="[167,1422,200,1348]" targetPageId="115">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9D077CFF759156FCF3A4D5" blockId="115.[151,1436,1375,1508]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF759156FEA9A441" bold="true" box="[151,288,1375,1399]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 64.</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFCB29156FC0BA441" bold="true" box="[848,898,1375,1399]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">A–D</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFC6D9169FBA5A441" box="[911,1068,1375,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haelaauensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFC6D9169FBA5A441" box="[911,1068,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. haelaauensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype male, Maui, Z-XII-19-62- 23,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF5D918DFF59A4AA" bold="true" box="[191,208,1412,1436]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">E</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF3C918DFF64A4AA" bold="true" box="[222,237,1412,1436]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">F</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFF1E918DFE0BA4AD" box="[252,386,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pipturiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF1E918DFE0BA4AD" box="[252,386,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. pipturiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype female, Oahu, Z-XII-1962-22,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFCC5918AFCD8A4AD" bold="true" box="[807,849,1411,1435]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">G–I</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFC82918DFC57A4AD" box="[864,990,1411,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFC82918DFC57A4AD" box="[864,990,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. splendida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Oahu, Z-XII-19-62-20.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFAFD918AFAB8A4AD" bold="true" box="[1311,1329,1411,1435]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
|
||
Vinculum and valvae, tegumen broken,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE2391A1FE5BA4F6" bold="true" box="[449,466,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE3D91A1FE7AA4F6" bold="true" box="[479,499,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">H</emphasis>
|
||
Phallus,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFDB291AEFDEBA489" bold="true" box="[592,610,1447,1471]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C</emphasis>
|
||
Tegumen?
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFD3A91A1FD63A4F6" bold="true" box="[728,746,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">D</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFD1491A1FC89A4F6" bold="true" box="[758,768,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">I</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFC0A91A1FC70A4F6" bold="true" box="[1000,1017,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">E</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia opened from left lateral side,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFA6F91A1FA15A4F6" bold="true" box="[1421,1436,1448,1472]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">F</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments II–VI,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE5B91C2FE44A4D5" bold="true" box="[441,461,1483,1507]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">G</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF9D077CFF259218FCD0A71A" box="[199,857,1553,1580]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9D077CFF259218FCD0A71A" blockId="115.[151,1437,1553,2012]" box="[199,857,1553,1580]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF259218FEE8A71D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1553,1579]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Oahu (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFE51921BFDC2A71A" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[435,587,1553,1580]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Maui: new record.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF9D077CFF25923FFAB1A632" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9D077CFF25923FFD3DA7AE" blockId="115.[151,1437,1553,2012]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF25923FFED1A766" bold="true" box="[199,344,1590,1616]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFE83923FFE54A766" box="[353,477,1590,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFE0B923FFC4FA766" authority="Wedd. (Swezey 1915)" authorityName="Wedd. (Swezey" authorityYear="1915" box="[489,966,1589,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandvicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE0B923FFD4AA766" box="[489,707,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Urera sandvicensis</emphasis>
|
||
Wedd. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFCC1923FFC37A766" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[803,958,1589,1616]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFBE2923FFB36A766" authority="Wedd." authorityName="Wedd." box="[1024,1215,1590,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFBE2923FFBE6A766" box="[1024,1135,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">U. glabra</emphasis>
|
||
Wedd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is new record. The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFEEA9253FE05A742" box="[264,396,1626,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFEEA9253FE05A742" box="[264,396,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFE369253FD13A742" authority="Wawra" authorityName="Wawra" authorityYear="1874" box="[468,666,1626,1652]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kaalae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE369253FDCAA742" box="[468,579,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">U. kaalae</emphasis>
|
||
Wawra
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFD489253FC0EA742" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[682,903,1626,1652]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFC339253FBE0A742" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[977,1129,1626,1652]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="299 - 304" refId="ref102670" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1933) New Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 8 (2), 299 - 304." type="journal article" year="1933">Swezey 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is incorrect, and that host record should be attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFE0A9277FD25A7AE" box="[488,684,1662,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFE0A9277FD25A7AE" box="[488,684,1662,1688]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Philodoria opuhe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9D077CFF2592A8FAB1A632" blockId="115.[151,1437,1553,2012]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF2592A8FEAEA78D" bold="true" box="[199,295,1697,1723]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9D077CFEDA92ABFE48A78A" box="[312,449,1697,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 95" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,196,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-20@157.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 95. Mines of Philodoria on Urera glabra. A–C: P. urerana, Oahu, D–F: P. ureraella, Maui, CJ307, A, D Mines of late instar larvae, B, E Mines and cocoon, C, F Cocoon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682021/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 95D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFDAE92ABFD59A78A" box="[588,720,1698,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFDAE92ABFD59A78A" box="[588,720,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFC8B92ABFB88A78A" box="[873,1025,1698,1724]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Urera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFC8B92ABFB88A78A" box="[873,1025,1698,1724]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Urera glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a slender tortuous linear mine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9D077CFF4292CFFEAEA7D6" box="[160,295,1733,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 95" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,196,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-20@157.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 95. Mines of Philodoria on Urera glabra. A–C: P. urerana, Oahu, D–F: P. ureraella, Maui, CJ307, A, D Mines of late instar larvae, B, E Mines and cocoon, C, F Cocoon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682021/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 95D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two mines per leaf. The pupal cocoon is situated outside of the mine, Pupation occurs in the cocoon outside of the mine; usually on the abaxial leaf surface; a pupal cocoon is white, near ellipsoid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9D077CFB2592E3FAA5A632" box="[1223,1324,1769,1796]" captionStart="FIGURE 95" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1813,1837]" captionTargetBox="[160,1432,196,1778]" captionTargetId="figure-20@157.[151,1436,181,1788]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 95. Mines of Philodoria on Urera glabra. A–C: P. urerana, Oahu, D–F: P. ureraella, Maui, CJ307, A, D Mines of late instar larvae, B, E Mines and cocoon, C, F Cocoon." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682021/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 95F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF9D077BFF259307FBFAA09B" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF9D077BFF259307FBFAA09B" blockId="115.[151,1437,1553,2012]" lastBlockId="116.[151,1437,150,429]" lastPageId="116" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF259307FEB2A61E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1806,1832]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
We removed a female specimen from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF9D077CFCF89307FC35A61E" box="[794,956,1806,1832]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFC0C9307FBF8A61E" box="[1006,1137,1806,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFC0C9307FBF8A61E" box="[1006,1137,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, from the same mount of SK742♂ in USNM because this specimen is a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFD44933BFD73A67A" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1966" box="[678,762,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFD44933BFD73A67A" box="[678,762,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Chedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFCD2933BFC69A67B" authorityName="Heinemann & Wocke" authorityYear="1876" box="[816,992,1842,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Batrachedridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Batrachedridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFBFC933BFB1EA67A" box="[1054,1175,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFBFC933BFB1EA67A" box="[1054,1175,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF9D077CFB45933BFB75A67B" box="[1191,1276,1842,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 96" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1162,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1419,188,1132]" captionTargetId="figure-23@158.[161,1427,181,1138]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 96. Adult morphology of Chedra sp., a genus of Batrachedridae that has been frequently been confused with Philodoria. A Adult of Chedra sp. (upper left specimen on mount with arrow, specimen was thought to be part of the ‘P. ureraella’ syntype series, USNM). The specimen mount contains the paratype of Philodoria opuhe (upper right specimen on mount), paralectotype of P. ureraella (bottom two specimens on mount, SK742). The Chedra specimen has been here excluded from the ‘P. ureraella’ syntype series (USNM). B–G: Chedra sp., B Forewing, C, D Head, lateral view, E Sockets of spiniform setae of tergum of A2–6, F Setae of A2, G Female genitalia, missing corpus bursae, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682023/files/figure.png" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Fig. 96</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFAAA933BFA15A67A" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1966" box="[1352,1436,1842,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFAAA933BFA15A67A" box="[1352,1436,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Chedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFF15935FFD19A646" authority="(Walsingham, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[247,656,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microstigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFF15935FFE2AA659" box="[247,419,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. microstigma</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFE50935FFD0EA646" author="Walsingham, Thomas" box="[434,647,1878,1904]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" pagination="469 - 759" refId="ref102986" refString="Walsingham, Thomas, de Grey (Lord) (1907) Microlepidoptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 1 (5). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907">Walsingham, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFD2A935FFB9DA646" authority="Zimmerman, 1978" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" box="[712,1044,1878,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mimica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFD2A935FFCB2A659" box="[712,827,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">C. mimica</emphasis>
|
||
Zimmerman, 1978
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were reported from Oahu and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFF9D077CFA90935FFF4EA6A2" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big Island), and larvae of these species bore into
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFD1E9373FCF6A6A2" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[764,895,1914,1940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFC569373FB9AA6A2" box="[948,1043,1914,1940]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9D077CFB519373FA19A6A3" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[1203,1424,1914,1941]" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" refId="ref103222" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 b) Gelechiidae, Momphinae. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 2. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 1004 - 1015." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFED89397FE07A68E" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1966" box="[314,398,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFED89397FE07A68E" box="[314,398,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">Chedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species from type series of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9D077CFD3F9397FCE8A68E" box="[733,865,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="115" pageNumber="116" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9D077CFD3F9397FCE8A68E" box="[733,865,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="115" pageNumber="116">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” is distinguished from Hawaiian congeners in the having central fuscous patch and lacking three small fuscous dots in the forewing. It is possible that this mistake took place because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFE97949EFE40A187" authorityName="Hodges" authorityYear="1966" box="[373,457,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Coleophoridae" genus="Chedra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFE97949EFE40A187" box="[373,457,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Chedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pupae can resemble the pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFCAD949EFB36A184" authority="(Zimmerman 1978 b)" baseAuthorityName="Zimmerman" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[847,1215,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFCAD949EFC41A187" box="[847,968,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9A077BFC3A949EFB3EA184" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[984,1207,151,178]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref103222" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 b) Gelechiidae, Momphinae. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 2. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 1004 - 1015." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9A077BFB29949EFAFCA187" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1227,1397,150,177]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded parasitoids of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFE7594B2FD93A1E3" box="[407,538,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFE7594B2FD93A1E3" box="[407,538,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, but these records cannot be attributed directly to what we treat currently as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFA6A94B2FF77A1CF" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFA6A94B2FF77A1CF" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because they are reared from larvae and pupae of two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFC2894D6FBC4A1CF" box="[970,1101,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFC2894D6FBC4A1CF" box="[970,1101,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFB6794D6FB6CA1CF" box="[1157,1253,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opuhe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFB6794D6FB6CA1CF" box="[1157,1253,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. opuhe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9A077BFB1694D6FF34A02B" author="Swezey, O. H." pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="94 - 97" refId="ref102475" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1915) New species of Hawaiian moths. P roceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 3 (2), 94 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24594" type="journal article" year="1915">Swezey (1915: 94)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote: “From the lot of mined leaves collected
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF9A077BFD13950AFC25A02B" box="[753,940,258,285]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="1914-03-15">March 15, 1914</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF9A077BFC58950AFBDCA02B" box="[954,1109,259,285]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFAAE950AFA15A02B" authorityName="Cameron" authorityYear="1881" box="[1356,1436,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sierola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFAAE950AFA15A02B" box="[1356,1436,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sierola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged; and from the lot collected
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFF9A077BFDCF952EFD6BA077" box="[557,738,294,321]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" value="1915-03-16">March 16, 1915</date>
|
||
, two specimens, of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFC22952EFBAEA077" box="[960,1063,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Omphale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFC22952EFBAEA077" box="[960,1063,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Omphale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFBAF952EFB23A077" box="[1101,1194,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFBAF952EFB23A077" box="[1101,1194,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Euderus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFB59952EFAA7A077" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1211,1326,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFB59952EFAA7A077" box="[1211,1326,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
emerged, also
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF9A077BFF299542FEDDA053" box="[203,340,331,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="generic">9 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of an undetermined Chalcid. Nearly as many parasites as there were moths.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF9A077BFB569542FA15A053" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[1204,1436,331,357]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported three parasitoids of ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFE119566FDF3A0BF" box="[499,634,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ureraella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFE119566FDF3A0BF" box="[499,634,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">P. ureraella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’; these are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFCEA9566FC0FA0BF" box="[776,902,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bethylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFC769566FA8CA0BF" authority="Fullaway, 1920" authorityName="Fullaway" authorityYear="1920" box="[916,1285,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Bethylidae" genus="Sierola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFC769566FBCFA0BF" box="[916,1094,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Sierola pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
Fullaway, 1920
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFAF79566FA10A0BF" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1301,1433,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFF75959AFDB3A09B" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,570,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFF75959AFEE6A09B" box="[151,367,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF9A077BFD97959AFBE6A09B" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[629,1135,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pauahiana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF9A077BFD97959AFC2BA09B" box="[629,930,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Pauahiana maculatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |