164 lines
17 KiB
XML
164 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5B063CB21B85B64630935EC87A076305">A new fossil green lacewing (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene Driftwood Canyon, Canada</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A290EFF263AE3FE1B3E37098AA09E14">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB78032B7B2E33B353F92CC67E977947">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B206B7C57B11362BDEB3FECE8999BCAD">
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<mods:date id="60FB311AD057CAC21FC8739F16F6626A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0723BEFFB7B4B59B7AF5DF128F473442">2017-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B887D89438F93DB95D00392FF0B6E9C1">4324</mods:number>
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<treatment id="038087C7AF40FF5BFF73FE272A181121" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6021208" ID-GBIF-Taxon="134842967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6021208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087C7AF40FF5BFF73FE272A181121" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087C7AF40FF5BFF73FE272A181121" lastPageNumber="399" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<subSection id="E2A62F3AAF40FF5BFF73FE2729E31522" box="[151,500,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF73FE2729E31522" box="[151,500,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF73FE2729E31522" blockId="2.[151,500,498,559]" box="[151,500,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<heading id="D0DE81BDAF40FF5BFF73FE2729E31522" bold="true" box="[151,500,498,524]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF73FE2729E31522" bold="true" box="[151,500,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFF73FE2729981522" ID-CoL="3VKGT" authority="Makarkin, 2017" authorityName="Makarkin" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,399,498,524]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF73FE2729981522" bold="true" box="[151,399,498,524]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Lithochrysa borealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B8AF40FF5BFE72FE2729E31522" box="[406,500,498,524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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</subSection>
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<subSection id="E2A62F3AAF40FF5BFF73FDC02A181121" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF73FDC0290E1501" box="[151,281,533,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF73FDC0290E1501" blockId="2.[151,500,498,559]" box="[151,281,533,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<heading id="D0DE81BDAF40FF5BFF73FDC0290E1501" bold="true" box="[151,281,533,559]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" reason="1">
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<figureCitation id="13122A54AF40FF5BFF73FDC0290E1501" box="[151,281,533,559]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1767,1789]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,205,1704]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,205,1735]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wings of Lithochrysa. A, B, L. borealis sp. nov., holotype RBCM. EH 2012.003.0007.001. A, specimen as preserved, a crumpled forewing overlaying a partial hind wing; B, forewing venation (hind wing not shown; see Makarkin & Archibald 2013: Fig. 22.3); C, L. wickhami (Cockerell, 1914), holotype MCZ 4499, venation of one of the forewings. Scale bar = 1 mm (all to scale)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/997838/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF73FDC0290E1501" bold="true" box="[151,281,533,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Figs 1A, B</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF73FD8F2B4B155E" box="[151,860,602,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF73FD8F2B4B155E" blockId="2.[151,860,602,624]" box="[151,860,602,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFF73FD8F2920155E" box="[151,311,602,624]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nothochrysinae">Nothochrysinae</taxonomicName>
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species A:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B20AF40FF5BFE48FD8F2AC6155E" author="Makarkin" box="[428,721,602,624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" refString="Makarkin, V. N. & Archibald, S. B. (2013) A diverse new assemblage of green lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the Early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America. Journal of Paleontology, 87, 122 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / 12 - 052 R. 1" type="journal article" year="2013">Makarkin & Archibald 2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 139, Fig. 22.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF73FD432D8C15D9" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF73FD432D8C15D9" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF73FD4329061581" bold="true" box="[151,273,662,687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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May be distinguished from other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFCFCFD432B891580" authorityName="Makarkin" authorityYear="2017" box="[792,926,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFCFCFD432B891580" box="[792,926,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Lithochrysa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by distinctly proximal position of crossvein 2m-cu; from
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFEC8FD6E29A215FD" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[300,437,699,723]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFEC8FD6E29A215FD" box="[300,437,699,723]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">L. wickhami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by slightly longer intramedian cell; by distinctly longer branches of RP to CuA between Psc, posterior margin (i.e., Psc located closer to posterior wing margin in
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFC2AFD0A2C4015D8" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[974,1111,734,758]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wickhami">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFC2AFD0A2C4015D8" box="[974,1111,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">L. wickhami</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFB56FD0A2D3D15D8" authority="Makarkin, 2017" authorityName="Makarkin" authorityYear="2017" box="[1202,1322,734,758]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFB56FD0A2D3D15D8" box="[1202,1322,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">L. borealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFAD5FD0B2D9C15D9" bold="true" box="[1329,1419,734,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B8AF40FF5BFAD5FD0B2D9C15D9" box="[1329,1419,734,759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF23FCD72957123D" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF23FCD72B471389" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF23FCD7294E1435" bold="true" box="[199,345,770,795]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Description.</emphasis>
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Forewing
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<quantity id="4CD19B34AF40FF5BFE36FCD62A3F1434" box="[466,552,771,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
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long as preserved (estimated complete length
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<quantity id="4CD19B34AF40FF5BFBD6FCD62C9A1435" box="[1074,1165,771,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="8.7">8.7 mm</quantity>
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), ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CD19B34AF40FF5BFB23FCD62D1E1434" box="[1223,1289,771,795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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wide. Costal space moderately broad. Subcostal veinlets simple, widely spaced. Pterostigma indistinct. Subcostal space quite narrow; subcostal crossveins not detected. Terminal portions of ScP, RA not preserved. RA space broad, with nine preserved crossveins, rather regularly spaced. RP originates far from wing base (at about a third estimated wing length); zigzagged, with eight–nine branches. RP1, MA connected by short crossvein at anterior gradate series (i.e., basal-most crossvein in anterior gradate series present). Basal crossvein 1r-m short, connecting RP,
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFB12FC622D0514E0" box="[1270,1298,951,974]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">im</emphasis>
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in proximal half. M forked slightly distad origin of RP. MA, MP slightly divergent toward Psc. Crossvein 1im (distal end of cell
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF73FC2A28A41338" box="[151,179,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">im</emphasis>
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) moderately long.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFE69FC2A29BE1338" box="[397,425,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">im</emphasis>
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elongate, narrow (three times longer than wide). Psm poorly developed. Long crossvein 2m-cu connects
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFEABFBF6297C1314" box="[335,363,1059,1082]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">im</emphasis>
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, CuA at fork of M (or slightly distad it). CuA apparently with four simple branches. Psc rather well developed. CuP deeply forked. Two crossveins between CuA, CuP; 2icu connecting CuA, anterior branch of CuP. AA1 simple (appears fused with CuA basally). AA2 probably simple. Two gradate series of crossveins; inner series arranged in unbroken, even curve; with nine crossveins.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF23FB672957123D" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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Hind wing very crumpled, poorly-preserved,
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<quantity id="4CD19B34AF40FF5BFD30FB672B3913E4" box="[724,814,1202,1227]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
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long as preserved (estimated complete length ca.
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||
<quantity id="4CD19B34AF40FF5BFA9DFB6728D013C1" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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). Crossveins in RA space regular; two gradate series of crossveins; branches of RP widely spaced. Other details unclear.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF23FACB28E612E8" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF23FACB2A201251" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF23FACB29611219" bold="true" box="[199,374,1310,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<typeStatus id="54928873AF40FF5BFF23FACB29151219" box="[199,258,1310,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54928873AF40FF5BFE9AFACB29F11219" box="[382,486,1310,1335]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE14AF40FF5BFE0BFACA2A571219" box="[495,576,1311,1335]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">RBCM</collectionCode>
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.EH2012.003.0007.001 (part only), property of BC Parks (
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF833AF40FF5BFB33FACB2D8B1219" box="[1239,1436,1310,1335]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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Ministry of Environment), deposited in the collections of the
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE14AF40FF5BFC8CFA962BAB1275" box="[872,956,1347,1371]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/gayt-20cg" name="Royal British Columbia Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">RBCM</collectionCode>
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; a rather poorly-preserved, crumpled and overlapping forewing and hind wing.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF23FA5F28E612E8" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF23FA5F29C2128D" bold="true" box="[199,469,1418,1443]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Locality and horizon.</emphasis>
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Driftwood Canyon,
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF833AF40FF5BFD36FA5F2B89128D" box="[722,926,1418,1443]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7641AF40FF5BFC54FA5F2C13128D" box="[944,1028,1418,1443]" name="Canada" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Canada</collectingCountry>
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(public exposure near top); early Eocene.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333655AAF40FF5BFF23FA072A181121" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9636D1AF40FF5BFF23FA072A181121" blockId="2.[151,1436,662,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFF23FA07295912C5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1490,1515]" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D52AF40FF5BFDA7FA062A8912C5" authorityName="Makarkin" authorityYear="2017" box="[579,670,1491,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysopidae" genus="Lithochrysa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="399" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="borealis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFDA7FA062A8912C5" box="[579,670,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">borealis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(neuter
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<emphasis id="B95DEAC3AF40FF5BFCE5FA062B4212C5" box="[769,853,1491,1515]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="399">boreale</emphasis>
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) is Latin for “northern”, as the new species is the northern occurrence of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |