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<document id="B0920A9954EE98B21544FF4F19B056B2" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich &amp; Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FFF88920FF02FC1D73E29D7C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Lovenia elongata" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="86" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="83" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="EE3BB7985C9874582022C3217B74E686">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2246E6E08FF0F199ED5EED8010E5A8A4">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="31BF29BB53E3AC4975F656AEDF9251FE">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFF88920FF02FC1D73E29D7C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935470" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935470" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFF88920FF02FC1D73E29D7C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFF88920FF02FC1D73E29D7C" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFF88927FF02FC1D71049AAF" box="[151,528,937,963]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FC1D71049AAF" blockId="82.[151,528,937,997]" box="[151,528,937,963]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<heading id="D0DE81CEFFF88927FF02FC1D71049AAF" bold="true" box="[151,528,937,963]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFF88927FF02FC1D71049AAF" ID-CoL="3W8GG" authority="(Gray, 1845)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[151,528,937,963]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Lovenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF02FC1D71049AAF" bold="true" box="[151,528,937,963]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lovenia elongata (Gray, 1845)</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFF88927FF02FC78765D9D24" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FC78722D9A88" blockId="82.[151,528,937,997]" box="[151,313,972,997]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFF88927FF02FC7872049A88" box="[151,272,972,997]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1846,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@83.[151,1436,193,1824]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 72. Lovenia elongata (WUSL/EI/119): A, aboral view; B, oral view; C lateral view (left side); D, anterior view; E, posterior view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617599/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figures 72</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFF88927FE89FC78722D9A88" box="[284,313,972,996]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,213,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 73. Distribution map of Lovenia elongata recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617601/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">73</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FBA071B59D46" blockId="82.[151,1353,1044,1096]" box="[151,673,1044,1066]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
1845
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFF88927FF45FBA072C09D46" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1845" box="[208,468,1044,1066]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF45FBA0728C9D46" box="[208,408,1044,1066]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Spatangus elongata</emphasis>
Gray
</taxonomicName>
: p. 436; pl. 6: fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FB86765D9D24" blockId="82.[151,1353,1044,1096]" box="[151,1353,1074,1096]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
1951
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFF88927FF45FB8772DD9D24" authority="(Gray)" authorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[208,457,1074,1096]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Lovenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF45FB8772959D24" box="[208,385,1074,1096]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Lovenia elongata</emphasis>
(Gray)
</taxonomicName>
.—Mortensen: p. 97104; pl. 7: figs. 110; pl. 8: fig. 1; pl. 12: fig. 5; pl. 47: figs. 1023.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFF88927FF02FBC170B09CE6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FBC1711D9DDE" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF02FBC172739DE2" bold="true" box="[151,359,1141,1166]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Material studied.</emphasis>
Four denuded specimens: WUSL/EI/118, from Velvatithurai and WUSL/EI/19, EI/20, and EI/ 21, from Silavathurai,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF88927FE01FB2D71119DDE" box="[404,517,1177,1202]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF02FB0972359DBA" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" box="[151,289,1213,1238]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF52FB5570B09CE6" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF52FB55729D9D95" box="[199,393,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Shape and size—</emphasis>
Test fragile, medium-sized,
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFF88927FD53FB56707F9D95" box="[710,875,1250,1274]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.33" metricValueMax="4.49" metricValueMin="4.17" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="mm" value="43.3" valueMax="44.9" valueMin="41.7">41.744.9 mm</quantity>
TL; greatest width just anterior to apical system, width 7779% TL; test narrowing towards posterior end; outline of test nearly pear-shaped, anterior end with a very conspicuous anterior notch; oral side almost flat towards sternum, posterior end of sternum convex; greatest TH near posterior end, 3744% TL; interambulacrum 5 forming a low keel aborally; posterior end deeply sunken, forming anal funnel; posterior end obliquely truncated in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFF88920FF52FA2173E79A13" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF52FA21724E9C9A" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF52FA21727D9CC1" box="[199,361,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Apical system</emphasis>
—Ethmolytic, with four gonopores; posterior gonopores slightly larger than anterior pair; subcentral, c. 38% TL (SD=4.3, N=4) from anterior margin; madreporite conspicuously extending beyond posterior oculars.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF52F9B5722C9E55" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF52F9B572579F76" box="[199,323,1537,1562]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Ambulacra</emphasis>
—Ambulacrum III narrow and very slightly sunken relative to other ambulacra, pore pairs small; adjoining interambulacral plates bearing two oblique, transverse series of tubercles on each plate; paired petals nearly closed with unequal poriferous zones; pores in pore pairs about equal in size, slightly pointed at inner end; posterior paired petals longer than anterior ones; adapical pore pairs rudimentary in both anterior and posterior paired petals; poriferous zones of anterior paired petals strongly unequal, posterior poriferous zones (IIa, IVb) usually 3 to 7 pore pairs and about 1.4 to 2 times longer than anterior zones (IIb, IVa); in posterior paired petals length difference not as pronounced, posterior poriferous zones (Ia, Vb) usually a single pore pair shorter than anterior ones (Ib, Va); posterior series of anterior paired petals and anterior series of posterior paired petals meet in middle of test.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF88927FF52F8F172DB9E82" blockId="82.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF88927FF52F8F172639E32" box="[199,375,1861,1886]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Interambulacra</emphasis>
—Aborally, large tubercles with very deeply sunken areoles present in interambulacra 1 to 4, concentrated in anterior half of test; deeply sunken areoles create prominent swelling on inside of test (so-called “ampullae”); 1925 large tubercles present in left half, 2228 tubercles in right half on aboral surface; aborally,
<date id="FF971062FFF88927FF02F806725A9EA6" box="[151,334,1969,1994]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="2014-09-14" valueMax="2014-09-11" valueMin="2014-09-14">914 and 1114</date>
large tubercles in interambulacrum 1 and 2 respectively; orally large primary tubercles arranged along antero-lateral margin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF56662AFFF98926FF02F882723A9E06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617599/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1846,1868]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1824]" targetPageId="83">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF98926FF02F882723A9E06" blockId="83.[151,1435,1846,1898]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF98926FF02F88272359E27" bold="true" box="[151,289,1846,1868]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 72.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFF98926FEBDF88372CE9E20" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[296,474,1846,1868]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Lovenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF98926FEBDF88372CE9E20" box="[296,474,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Lovenia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(WUSL/EI/119): A, aboral view; B, oral view; C lateral view (left side); D, anterior view; E, posterior view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF56662AFFFE8921FF02F8E1709F9E07" box="[151,907,1877,1899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617601/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" startId="84.[151,250,1877,1899]" targetBox="[177,1426,213,1842]" targetPageId="84">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFE8921FF02F8E1709F9E07" blockId="84.[151,907,1877,1899]" box="[151,907,1877,1899]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFE8921FF02F8E1720B9E06" bold="true" box="[151,287,1877,1899]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 73.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFE8921FE61F8E271B19E07" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1845" box="[500,677,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Loveniidae" genus="Lovenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFE8921FE61F8E271B19E07" box="[500,677,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Lovenia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FF23778D99C3" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[199,1177,151,176]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FF23723299DC" box="[199,294,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Plastron</emphasis>
—Narrow; anterior third of sternal plates naked; labrum elongated and narrow.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FF087230982C" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FF08722699B9" box="[199,306,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fascioles</emphasis>
—Internal fasciole usually double or even triple at anterior end; subanal fasciole broad, bilobed and leading into anal funnel; width 3745% TL; usually containing 69 pore pairs on each side; no anal branches; 711 and 79 large tubercles with deeply sunken areoles present within left and right halves of subanal fasciole respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FEF9722E98EB" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FEF9722D9808" box="[199,313,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Peristome</emphasis>
—Reniform; moderately large, length c. 10% TL, width about 17% TL; c. 25% TL from anterior margin of test.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FE21710898BC" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FE21722598C0" box="[199,305,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Periproct</emphasis>
—Length 1219% TL, width 1316% TL; situated in a deep invagination on posterior face of test; periproct fully visible in oral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FE68721A9BE9" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FE6872B29899" bold="true" box="[199,422,476,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Geographic range.</emphasis>
Indo-West Pacific, from East Arabia &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FCFBFE6870E19899" box="[878,1013,476,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FB90FE6877D59899" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1029,1217,476,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
), Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FAD6FE6873C79B74" author="Fourtau, R." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="407 - 446" refId="ref34777" refString="Fourtau, R. (1904) Contribution a l'etude des Echinides vivant dans le Golfe de Suez. Bulletin de l'Institut Egyptien, IV, Serie, 5, 407 - 446." type="journal article" year="1904">Fourtau 1904</bibRefCitation>
), South East Arabia (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FE57FDB4719F9B74" author="Mortensen, T." box="[450,651,512,536]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref35426" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 c) Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition. II [Irregular Echinoidea]. Scientific Reports on the John Murray Expedition, 9, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948c</bibRefCitation>
), Persian Gulf (),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FCC0FE4B70A99B74" box="[853,957,511,536]" name="Maldives" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Maldives</collectingCountry>
area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FB97FE4B77B59B74" author="Koehler, R." box="[1026,1185,511,536]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref34913" refString="Koehler, R. (1914) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 8, An Account of the Echinoidea I. Spatangides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 258 pp." type="book" year="1914">Koehler 1914</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FB20FE4B76379B74" box="[1205,1315,511,536]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FAA7FE4B72009B50" author="Herdman, W. A. &amp; Herdman, J. B. &amp; Bell, F. J." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref34833" refString="Herdman, W. A., Herdman, J. B. &amp; Bell, F. J. (1904) Report on the Echinoderma collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Mannar. The Royal Society, London, pp. 137 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1904">
Herdman
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF02FD9173C49B51" box="[151,208,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al.</emphasis>
1904
</bibRefCitation>
), Bay of Bengal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FE4EFD90716F9B50" author="Koehler, R." box="[475,635,548,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref34913" refString="Koehler, R. (1914) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 8, An Account of the Echinoidea I. Spatangides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 258 pp." type="book" year="1914">Koehler 1914</bibRefCitation>
), East Indies (de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FCD5FD9070CE9B50" author="de Meijere, J. C. H." box="[832,986,548,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref35172" refString="de Meijere, J. C. H. (1904) Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 43, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1904">Meijere 1904</bibRefCitation>
), North
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FBADFD90778B9B51" box="[1080,1183,548,573]" name="Australia" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FB3AFD9076249B50" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1199,1328,548,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref34491" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard College, 55, 1 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark 1938</bibRefCitation>
) to NSW (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FF0BFDF3725C9B0C" author="Miskelly, A." box="[158,328,583,608]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref35198" refString="Miskelly, A. (2002) Sea urchins of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Capricornica Publications, Lindfield, 179 pp." type="book" year="2002">Miskelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FEC8FDF371339B0C" box="[349,551,583,608]" name="Philippines" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FDA2FDFC70169B0C" author="Mortensen, T." box="[567,770,584,608]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref35497" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 e) Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnidae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaepneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 93 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948e</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FC9BFDF3770F9B0C" author="Mooi, R. &amp; Munguia, A." box="[782,1051,583,608]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="213 - 235" refId="ref35256" refString="Mooi, R. &amp; Munguia, A. (2014) Sea Urchins of the Philippines. In: Williams, G. C. &amp; Terrence, M. G. (Eds.), The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, pp. 213 - 235." type="book chapter" year="2014">Mooi &amp; Munguia 2014</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FBA5FDF377679B0C" box="[1072,1139,583,608]" name="China" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">China</collectingCountry>
&amp; South
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FB76FDFC76379B33" box="[1251,1315,584,607]" name="Japan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FAA6FDF372159BE9" author="Chang, F. Y. &amp; Wu, B. L." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref34109" refString="Chang, F. Y. &amp; Wu, B. L. (1957) The echinoids of Kwangtung Province. Bulletin of the Institute of Marine Biology, Academia Sinica, 1, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1957">Chang &amp; Wu 1957</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FD3B70749BC4" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" box="[199,864,655,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FD3B72BA9BC4" bold="true" box="[199,430,655,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
Tidal zone to
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFFF8920FDDAFD24719C9BCB" box="[591,648,656,680]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="94.0">94 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FD02FD2470479BC4" author="Mortensen, T." box="[663,851,655,680]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FD0073E79A13" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FD0071609BA1" bold="true" box="[199,628,692,717]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Observed occurrence in
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FE64FD00717B9BA1" box="[497,623,692,717]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
<location id="8EF66079FFFF8920FDE9FD0071E19BA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFF88920FF02FC1D73E29D7C:8EF66079FFFF8920FDE9FD0071E19BA1" box="[636,757,692,717]" country="Sri Lanka" municipality="Silavathurai" name="Specimens" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Specimens</location>
were collected from
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFFF8920FC7BFD0077619BA1" box="[1006,1141,692,717]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Silavathurai</collectingMunicipality>
on sand patches between patch reefs on the north-western coast (at
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</elevation>
depth) and from the Velvatithurai fish landing site, on transported and discarded by fishermen, on the northern coast of Sri Lanka. In addition, this species was observed in Trincomalee (at
<elevation id="0004D191FFFF8920FEC4FC94726A9A5B" box="[337,382,800,824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFFF8920FEC4FC94726A9A5B" box="[337,382,800,824]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth), on the eastern coast and Mulathiv, on the northern coast of Sri Lanka (
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFFF8920FA95FCAB76429A54" box="[1280,1366,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 73" captionStartId="84.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[177,1426,213,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@84.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="FIGURE 73. Distribution map of Lovenia elongata recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617601/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 73</figureCitation>
). This species was first recorded from Sri Lanka by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFFF8920FD0BFCF070719A30" author="Doderlein, L." box="[670,869,836,861]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="821 - 846" refId="ref34633" refString="Doderlein, L. (1888) Echinodermen von Ceylon. Bericht uber die von den Herren Dres Sarasin gesammelten Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea und Echinoidea. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 3, 821 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1933" type="journal article" year="1888">Döderlein (1888)</bibRefCitation>
. Bathymetric range of this species in Sri Lanka is
<elevation id="0004D191FFFF8920FF02FCDC73FB9A13" box="[151,239,872,896]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="38.0" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="3.0">
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFFF8920FF02FCDC73FB9A13" box="[151,239,872,896]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="7.3" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="38.0" valueMax="73.0" valueMin="3.0">373 m</quantity>
</elevation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFFF8920FF52FC3873E29D7C" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52FC3873E29D7C" blockId="85.[151,1436,151,1040]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52FC38722F9AC9" bold="true" box="[199,315,908,933]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</emphasis>
The aboral primary spines are usually yellowish with violet bands. This species can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFF8920FEE0FC0571759AA4" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[373,609,943,968]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Nacospatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FEE0FC0571759AA4" box="[373,609,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Nacospatangus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its anterior notch, the presence of four gonopores, numerous sunken primary tubercles on the oral and aboral side, the plastron without a prominent keel, and the bilobed subanal fasciole.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>