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<document id="BAF9791275828A935193CD356FD8F1A2" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich &amp; Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FFE08938FF02FCD2712C9B74" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Metalia sternalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8255FFAC5CFB14F5AEC6F40DBB5FFD9F">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1EF1046B37EDE3DEC597606B8962A9D2">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="707E7F28A31CC3EEEE2FDE97B9034F9E">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFE08938FF02FCD2712C9B74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935466" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529630" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935466" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFE08938FF02FCD2712C9B74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFE08938FF02FCD2712C9B74" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE0893FFF02FCD2712C9AEC" box="[151,568,870,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF02FCD2712C9AEC" blockId="74.[151,568,870,930]" box="[151,568,870,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<heading id="D0DE81CEFFE0893FFF02FCD2712C9AEC" bold="true" box="[151,568,870,896]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE0893FFF02FCD2712C9AEC" ID-CoL="73D2K" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,568,870,896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF02FCD2712C9AEC" bold="true" box="[151,568,870,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF02FCD272769AEC" bold="true" box="[151,354,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Metalia sternalis</emphasis>
(Lamarck, 1816)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE0893FFF02FC3D77059D6A" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF02FC3D722D9ACE" blockId="74.[151,568,870,930]" box="[151,313,905,930]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFE0893FFF02FC3D72049ACE" box="[151,272,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 66" captionStartId="75.[151,250,1874,1896]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,265,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@75.[151,1436,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="FIGURE 66. Denuded test of Metalia sternalis: A, aboral view (WUSL/EI/70); B, oral view (WUSL/EI/70); C, lateral view (WUSL/EI/70); D, posterior (WUSL/EI/72); E, sternal view (WUSL/EI/72)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617587/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figures 66</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFE0893FFE89FC3D722D9ACE" box="[284,313,905,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[182,1426,219,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 67. Distribution map of Metalia sternalis recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617589/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">67</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF02FC6571299A8B" blockId="74.[151,1041,977,1030]" box="[151,573,977,999]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
1816
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE0893FFF45FC6672EF9A8B" authority="Lamarck" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[208,507,977,999]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF45FC6672839A8B" box="[208,407,977,999]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Spatangus sternalis</emphasis>
Lamarck
</taxonomicName>
: p. 31.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF02FC4477059D6A" blockId="74.[151,1041,977,1030]" box="[151,1041,1008,1030]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
1951
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE0893FFF45FC4472FB9D6A" authority="(Lamarck)" authorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[208,495,1008,1030]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF45FC4472689D6A" box="[208,380,1008,1030]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Metalia sternalis</emphasis>
(Lamarck)
</taxonomicName>
.—Mortensen: p. 535537; pl. 64: figs. 13, 17, 19, 22.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE0893FFF02FB8670649D03" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF02FB8670649D03" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF02FB8672729D27" bold="true" box="[151,358,1074,1099]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Material studied.</emphasis>
Seven denuded tests: WUSL/EI/70 and EI/71, from Baththalangunduwa 2 and WUSL/EI/122, EI/123, EI/124, EI/125, and EI/126 from Silavathurai,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE0893FFD6EFBE270799D03" box="[763,877,1110,1135]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE08938FF52FBCE703F98BC" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52FBCE77529DB7" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52FBCE724D9DFF" bold="true" box="[199,345,1146,1171]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFECAFBCE71119DFF" box="[351,517,1146,1171]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Shape and size</emphasis>
—Test large,
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFE0893FFD0EFBCE70299DFE" box="[667,829,1146,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.255" metricValueMax="8.45" metricValueMin="6.06" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="72.55" valueMax="84.5" valueMin="60.6">60.684.5 mm</quantity>
TL; width 8992% TL; height 5559% TL; outline of test elliptical to slightly angular in aboral view, with anterior slope more steeply angled forward than the posterior slopes to the periproct; slightly truncated posteriorly; anterior notch deep and broad.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52FB5273FA9C2B" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52FB5272709D92" box="[199,356,1254,1279]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Apical system</emphasis>
—Ethmolytic, with four large circular gonopores; posterior paired pores about 1.5 times larger than anterior ones; madreporite expanding beyond posterior oculars; situated anteriorly, 3037% TL from anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52FAE672939F0B" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52FAE672579C07" box="[199,323,1362,1387]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ambulacra</emphasis>
—Ambulacrum III narrow and depressed aborally; paired ambulacra distinctly petaloid, deeply sunken towards margin, broad, elongate, somewhat rounded and closed distally; anterior paired petals extend laterally forming an angle of c. 175° from each other, c. 65% of TW; petal III length c. 33% TL (SD=2.3, N=7); interporiferous zone broad, of equal width in each petal; respiratory pores large, pores within one pair about equal in size, connected by deep groove; posterior paired petals 1.25 times longer than anterior ones; adapically posterior paired petals narrow; at about one quarter petal length, inner pore pairs rudimentary; posterior paired petals coalescing, elongate, slightly diverging posteriorly; at about half petal length, two poriferous zones are equal width, up to petal tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52F9C670749F9B" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52F9C672639FE7" box="[199,375,1650,1675]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Interambulacra</emphasis>
—Aboral interambulacrum 5 raised, slightly convex to flat; but not keeled, not projecting above periproct; posterior end almost vertically truncated; interambulacra densely packed with perforate crenulate primary tubercles, larger tubercles inside peripetalous fasciole, particularly along petals; adapically no primary tubercles in interambulacrum 5 between posterior paired petals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52F8B677849EEB" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52F8B672339E77" box="[199,295,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fasciole</emphasis>
—Peripetalous fasciole well-developed, closely outlining petals, with indentations between petals; subanal fasciole broad, shield-shaped, wider than long; length 2629% TL and width 3139% TL; left and right halves joining at point near posterior edge of plastron; five to six pore pairs inside subanal fasciole on each side; anal branches present, extending aborally to points even with adapical margin of periproct.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52F826708C9EC7" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" box="[199,920,1938,1963]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52F82672329EC7" box="[199,294,1938,1963]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Plastron</emphasis>
—Narrow, elongate, width 2531% TL, slightly keeled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE0893FFF52F80377F29E9F" blockId="74.[151,1437,1074,2035]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE0893FFF52F803722D9EA2" box="[199,313,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Peristome</emphasis>
—Kidney-shaped; very close to anterior edge, 1927% TL from anterior margin of test; about twice as wide as long; moderately large, length 810% TL, width 1719% TL; labrum narrow and wide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE1893EFF52FF2D724999B8" blockId="75.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE1893EFF52FF2D722599DC" box="[199,305,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Periproct</emphasis>
—Elongate along anterior-posterior axis; pointed above and below; large, length 1520% TL and width 811% TL.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF56662AFFE1893EFF02F8E670899EEA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617587/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" startId="75.[151,250,1874,1896]" targetBox="[151,1436,265,1852]" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE1893EFF02F8E670899EEA" blockId="75.[151,1435,1874,1926]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE1893EFF02F8E672359E0B" bold="true" box="[151,289,1874,1896]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">FIGURE 66.</emphasis>
Denuded test of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE1893EFE46F8E671959E04" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[467,641,1874,1896]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE1893EFE46F8E671959E04" box="[467,641,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Metalia sternalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, aboral view (WUSL/EI/70); B, oral view (WUSL/EI/70); C, lateral view (WUSL/EI/70); D, posterior (WUSL/EI/72); E, sternal view (WUSL/EI/72).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF56662AFFE68939FF02F8E170929E07" box="[151,902,1877,1899]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617589/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1877,1899]" targetBox="[182,1426,219,1841]" targetPageId="76">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE68939FF02F8E170929E07" blockId="76.[151,902,1877,1899]" box="[151,902,1877,1899]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE68939FF02F8E172349E06" bold="true" box="[151,288,1877,1899]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 67.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE68939FE61F8E171B49E07" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[500,672,1877,1899]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE68939FE61F8E171B49E07" box="[500,672,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">Metalia sternalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE78938FF52FF237089982C" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FF52FF2372B299DC" bold="true" box="[199,422,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Geographic range.</emphasis>
Indo-West Pacific, from Islands of West Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FBB0FF23778E99DC" author="Bell, F. J." box="[1061,1178,151,176]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="509 - 512" refId="ref33743" refString="Bell, F. J. (1884) Echinodermata. Report on the zoological collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of H. M. S. &quot; Alert &quot;, London, 1881 - 2, 117 - 177, 509 - 512, pls. 8 - 17 &amp; 45." type="journal article" year="1884">Bell 1884</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FB3BFF23760F99DC" box="[1198,1307,151,176]" name="Mauritius" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FABEFF2C73C699B8" author="De Loriol, P." pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref34555" refString="De Loriol, P. (1883) Catalogue raisonne des Echinodermes recueillis par MV de Robillard a l'ile Maurice. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 28, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1883">De Loriol 1883</bibRefCitation>
), East Africa &amp;
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FE1BFF08710199B9" box="[398,533,188,213]" name="Madagascar" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FDB0FF0871E499B8" author="Mortensen, T." box="[549,752,188,212]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref35426" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 c) Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition. II [Irregular Echinoidea]. Scientific Reports on the John Murray Expedition, 9, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948c</bibRefCitation>
), Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FCE7FF08770499B8" author="Fourtau, R." box="[882,1040,188,212]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="407 - 446" refId="ref34777" refString="Fourtau, R. (1904) Contribution a l'etude des Echinides vivant dans le Golfe de Suez. Bulletin de l'Institut Egyptien, IV, Serie, 5, 407 - 446." type="journal article" year="1904">Fourtau 1904</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FBB1FF08774A99B9" box="[1060,1118,188,213]" name="India" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FBFBFF0877F699B8" author="Bell, F. J." box="[1134,1250,188,213]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="383 - 389" refId="ref33883" refString="Bell, F. J. (1888) Report on a collection of echinoderms made at Tuticorin, Madras, by Mr. Edgar Thurston, C. M. Z. S., Superintendent, Government Central Museum, Madras. Proceedings of the Zoological Journal of London, 1888, 383 - 389. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1888. tb 06719. x" type="journal article" year="1888">Bell 1888</bibRefCitation>
), Bay of Bengal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FF0BFF6B723B9994" author="Clark, H. L." box="[158,303,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
), East Indies (de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FE63FF6B71859994" author="de Meijere, J. C. H." box="[502,657,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref35172" refString="de Meijere, J. C. H. (1904) Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 43, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1904">Meijere 1904</bibRefCitation>
), North
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FD65FF6B70429994" box="[752,854,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FCF2FF6B70E19994" author="Clark, H. L." box="[871,1013,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
) to NSW,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FBFAFF6B77C29994" box="[1135,1238,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FB73FF6B76849994" author="Miskelly, A." box="[1254,1424,223,248]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref35198" refString="Miskelly, A. (2002) Sea urchins of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Capricornica Publications, Lindfield, 179 pp." type="book" year="2002">Miskelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FF02FEB072709871" box="[151,356,260,285]" name="Philippines" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FEE3FEB071579870" author="Mortensen, T." box="[374,579,260,284]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref35497" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 e) Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnidae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaepneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 93 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948e</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FDC7FEB070739870" author="Mooi, R. &amp; Munguia, A." box="[594,871,260,285]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="213 - 235" refId="ref35256" refString="Mooi, R. &amp; Munguia, A. (2014) Sea Urchins of the Philippines. In: Williams, G. C. &amp; Terrence, M. G. (Eds.), The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Philippine Biodiversity Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, pp. 213 - 235." type="book chapter" year="2014">Mooi &amp; Munguia 2014</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FCEBFEB070D59871" box="[894,961,260,285]" name="China" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">China</collectingCountry>
&amp; South
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FBACFEB1776D9870" box="[1081,1145,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FB1EFEB076579871" author="Doderlein, L." box="[1163,1347,260,285]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="73 - 112" refId="ref34594" refString="Doderlein, L. (1885) Seeigel von Japan und den Liu-Kiu Inseln. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 51, 73 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1569" type="journal article" year="1885">Döderlein 1885</bibRefCitation>
), South Pacific Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FEDFFE9372F0982C" author="Agassiz, A." box="[330,484,295,320]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 &amp; 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) &amp; 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
) and Hawaiian Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FD66FE937084982C" author="Agassiz, A." box="[755,912,295,320]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 &amp; 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) &amp; 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE78938FF52FEF8706E9809" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,890,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FF52FEF872BA9809" bold="true" box="[199,430,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
Littoral zone to
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFE78938FDFCFEF871B69808" box="[617,674,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FD25FEF870799809" author="Mortensen, T." box="[688,877,332,357]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE78938FF52FEDB703F98BC" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FF52FEDB716598E4" bold="true" box="[199,625,367,392]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Observed occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFE78938FE7AFEDB717898E4" box="[495,620,367,392]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens were collected from a sandy bottom with sea grass beds in Silavathurai and Baththalangunduwa, north-western coast of Sri Lanka, at depth range of
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFE78938FB18FE2077E598C0" box="[1165,1265,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">1020 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFE78938FA94FE20764198C1" box="[1281,1365,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 67" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[182,1426,219,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 67. Distribution map of Metalia sternalis recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617589/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). This species was first recorded from Sri Lanka by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE78938FD06FE03703398BC" author="Clark, H. L." box="[659,807,439,464]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="83 - 102" refId="ref34305" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) The echinoderms of Ceylon other than holothurians. Spolia Zeylanica, 10, 83 - 102." type="journal article" year="1915">Clark (1915)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE78938FF52FE68712C9B74" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE78938FF52FE68712C9B74" blockId="77.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FF52FE68722F9899" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE78938FED7FE6972DC9899" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[322,456,476,501]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FED7FE6972DC9899" box="[322,456,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">M. sternalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE78938FD62FE68705A9899" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1855" box="[759,846,476,501]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE78938FD62FE68705A9899" box="[759,846,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Metalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. by having a coalescence between the aboralmost regions of the posterior paired petals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>