489 lines
63 KiB
XML
489 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="3ABC20A829B8E20DC0F245A7C1AC2C9C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.191594" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6f65b06c-5600-4172-9ee2-854f09ef4455" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="191594" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461129936904" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haddad, Charles R., Lyle, Robin, Bosselaers, Jan & Ramirez, Martin J." docDate="2009" docId="038087A2DA584501FF4FFA366127FAFF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02296p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2296" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Austrachelas wassenaari Haddad, Lyle, Bosselaers & Ramirez, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFB9FFDADA42451CFFD8FFC5641CFFEC" masterDocTitle="A revision of the endemic South African spider genus Austrachelas, with its transfer to the Gallieniellidae (Arachnida: Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698597546718" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3C750A06F6A13DFE89B01230701FD4BF">A revision of the endemic South African spider genus Austrachelas, with its transfer to the Gallieniellidae (Arachnida: Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="84B269748E0DDD4B4A7ACE99EF216DAE">Haddad, Charles R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1D296F368290570612323BA5913EB47C">Lyle, Robin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A0794E7ACCB085391F41FC5CE1D02A89" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="05B017098E8185F05431FEDD724E4A6B">Bosselaers, Jan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8D48EC580A93956C5EE6D5D70A22BE8C">Ramirez, Martin J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5743F922B006D03A49A65138985D558F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="37D0B52EC086448570FF1A4E90E6932A">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3D76CDD9FFE9B0228F7538B9854E229B">2296</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="607491022E54B493836AF56DBC848FEB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.191594</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35AA3636AB54D98B3CC06A7791FFFC8F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087A2DA584501FF4FFA366127FAFF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6225471" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119626931" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6225471" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087A2DA584501FF4FFA366127FAFF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087A2DA584501FF4FFA366127FAFF" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C333653FDA584506FF4FFA366599F9C3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF4FFA366611F9E0" blockId="26.[151,525,1522,1583]" box="[151,525,1522,1549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0DE81D8DA584506FF4FFA366611F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,525,1522,1549]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FF4FFA366611F9E0" bold="true" box="[151,525,1522,1549]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA584506FF4FFA3665DFF9E1" ID-CoL="689K8" box="[151,451,1523,1549]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wassenaari" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FF4FFA3665DFF9E1" bold="true" box="[151,451,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Austrachelas wassenaari</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57DDDA584506FE13FA376611F9E0" box="[459,525,1522,1548]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF4FF9D06599F9C3" blockId="26.[151,525,1522,1583]" box="[151,389,1557,1583]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA584506FF47F9D06539F9C3" box="[159,293,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,315,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,313,1328]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Digital microscope photographs of the habitus of Austrachelas species: (1) A. bergi n. sp., female; (2) A. incertus Lawrence, 1938, female; (3) same, male; (4) A. kalaharinus n. sp., male; (5) A. merwei n. sp., female; (6) same, male; (7) A. natalensis Lawrence, 1942, female; (8) same, male; (9) A. pondoensis n. sp., female; (10) same, male; (11) A. reavelli n. sp., female; (12) same, male; (13) A. sexoculata n. sp., male; (14) A. wassenaari n. sp., female; (15) same, male. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191595/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs 14, 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA584506FEEAF9D06561F9C3" box="[306,381,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">78–81</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333653FDA584506FF4FF9A76765F926" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF4FF9A76765F926" blockId="26.[151,1436,1634,2009]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FF4FF9A7650CF990" bold="true" box="[151,272,1634,1660]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. This species is related to
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA584506FD9AF9A666C5F990" box="[578,729,1635,1660]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="natalensis">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FD9AF9A666C5F990" box="[578,729,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. natalensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and females can be distinguished by the larger spermathecal structures and narrower anterior hood of the epigyne (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA584506FCC3F94F6769F948" box="[795,885,1674,1700]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
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), and males by the structure of the retrolateral tibial apophysis of the palp, with a sharp dorsal tooth (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA584506FCCCF9756777F926" box="[788,875,1712,1738]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333653FDA584506FF1EF913617AF91D" box="[198,1382,1750,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF1EF913617AF91D" blockId="26.[151,1436,1634,2009]" box="[198,1382,1750,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FF1EF9136557F91C" bold="true" box="[198,331,1750,1776]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Etymology</emphasis>
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. This species is named after Theo Wassenaar, who collected many of the
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<typeStatus id="54928816DA584506FB72F91260C0F91D" box="[1194,1244,1751,1777]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">type</typeStatus>
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specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C333653FDA584507FF1EF93867ACF9CE" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF1EF9386646F889" blockId="26.[151,1436,1634,2009]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FF1EF938653DF8FB" bold="true" box="[198,289,1789,1815]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Female</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA584506FEE8F93865EDF8FB" bold="true" box="[304,497,1789,1815]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Measurements:</emphasis>
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CL 2.87–3.10, CW 2.03–2.25, FL 0.28–0.38, AL 3.35–4.20, AW 1.63–2.18, SL 1.60–1.70, SW 1.18–1.28, TL 6.25–7.40, AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE–ALE 0.28, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.10, PLE–PLE 0.45.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA584506FF1DF8B765D5F835" blockId="26.[151,1436,1634,2009]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 2.08 + 1.35 + 1.55 + 1.05 + 0.78 = 6.81; II 1.95 + 1.20 + 1.43 + 1.05 + 0.68 = 6.31; III 1.95 + 0.80 + 0.93 + 1.28 + 0.75 = 5.71; IV 2.35 + 1.20 + 1.78 + 2.15 + 0.88 = 8.36.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1DFF5D66B4FD1A" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Carapace deep orange-brown, orange along midline (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FC92FF5D67B9FF5E" box="[842,933,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,315,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,313,1328]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Digital microscope photographs of the habitus of Austrachelas species: (1) A. bergi n. sp., female; (2) A. incertus Lawrence, 1938, female; (3) same, male; (4) A. kalaharinus n. sp., male; (5) A. merwei n. sp., female; (6) same, male; (7) A. natalensis Lawrence, 1942, female; (8) same, male; (9) A. pondoensis n. sp., female; (10) same, male; (11) A. reavelli n. sp., female; (12) same, male; (13) A. sexoculata n. sp., male; (14) A. wassenaari n. sp., female; (15) same, male. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191595/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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); AER strongly procurved, laterals larger than medians; AME separated by distance equal to ½ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by distance equal to ½ AME diameter; clypeus height equal to 1¼ AME diameter at AME, equal to ½ ALE diameter at ALE; PER very slightly recurved, nearly straight, laterals larger than medians; PME separated by distance equal to ½ their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance equal to PME diameter. Chelicerae deep orange; promargin with four evenly spaced teeth, proximal tooth smallest, second tooth largest, third and distal teeth intermediate in size, subequal in size; retromargin with single small denticle, situated near third promarginal tooth. Legs all yellow-orange in colour, paler distally. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 1, II pl 1 do 1, III pl 2 do 2 rl 1, IV do 2; patellae: spineless; tibiae: I & II spineless, III pl 3 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2, IV pl 3 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I & II spineless, strongly scopulate, III & IV scopulate in distal half, III pl 6 rl 4 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 2, IV pl 6 rl 5 plv 2–3 rlv 1 vt 2; palp: femora do 2, patellae spineless, with prominent pl 1 do 2 setae, tibiae pl 4 rl 2, tarsus pl 3 rl 3 plv 1 rlv 1. Abdomen dark grey dorsally, with mottled pale grey chevron (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FF78FDAD64E7FD6E" box="[160,251,616,642]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,315,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,313,1328]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Digital microscope photographs of the habitus of Austrachelas species: (1) A. bergi n. sp., female; (2) A. incertus Lawrence, 1938, female; (3) same, male; (4) A. kalaharinus n. sp., male; (5) A. merwei n. sp., female; (6) same, male; (7) A. natalensis Lawrence, 1942, female; (8) same, male; (9) A. pondoensis n. sp., female; (10) same, male; (11) A. reavelli n. sp., female; (12) same, male; (13) A. sexoculata n. sp., male; (14) A. wassenaari n. sp., female; (15) same, male. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191595/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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), paler grey laterally and ventrally; dorsum and venter lacking scutum or other sclerites. Female epigyne with distinctive lateral hoods and narrow anterior hood (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FC57FD4B67FBFD44" box="[911,999,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
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); copulatory openings anterolaterally situated, entrance ducts narrow, entering broad C-shaped ST 2 with anterolateral lobe, connected closely to large posteriorly situated oval ST 1 (
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<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FD9BFD196686FD1A" box="[579,666,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1EFCC76645FC86" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA594507FF1EFCC765CBFCF0" bold="true" box="[198,471,770,796]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male. Measurements:</emphasis>
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CL 3.35–3.63, CW 2.48–2.83, FL 0.37–0.48, AL 2.95–3.40, AW 1.83–2.30, SL 1.80–2.00, SW 1.35–1.58, TL 6.15–7.30, AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–ALE 0.30, PME–PME 0.07, PME–PLE 0.11, PLE–PLE 0.51.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1DFCB365C4FC32" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 2.60 + 1.45 + 2.00 + 1.45 + 0.98 = 8.48; II 2.48 + 1.43 + 1.70 + 1.45 + 0.95 = 7.66; III 2.10 + 1.13 + 1.25 + 1.65 + 0.85 = 6.98; IV 2.83 + 1.40 + 2.15 + 2.68 + 1.10 = 10.16.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1DFC2F67ACF9CE" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Carapace deep wine-red, black around margins, paler along midline (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FC27FC2F6044FBE8" box="[1023,1112,1002,1028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,315,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,313,1328]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Digital microscope photographs of the habitus of Austrachelas species: (1) A. bergi n. sp., female; (2) A. incertus Lawrence, 1938, female; (3) same, male; (4) A. kalaharinus n. sp., male; (5) A. merwei n. sp., female; (6) same, male; (7) A. natalensis Lawrence, 1942, female; (8) same, male; (9) A. pondoensis n. sp., female; (10) same, male; (11) A. reavelli n. sp., female; (12) same, male; (13) A. sexoculata n. sp., male; (14) A. wassenaari n. sp., female; (15) same, male. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191595/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
); AER strongly procurved, laterals slightly larger than medians; AME separated by distance equal to ½ their diameter, separated from ALE by distance equal to ¼ AME diameter; clypeus height equal to 1¼ AME diameter at AME, equal to ¾ ALE diameter at ALE; PER very slightly recurved, nearly straight, laterals larger than medians; PME separated by distance equal to ½ their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance equal to PME diameter. Chelicerae deep red-brown, anterior margin with coarse ridges; promargin with two teeth, distal tooth largest and proximal tooth smallest; retromargin with two teeth, smaller than promarginal teeth, situated closer to fang base. Legs all deep orange-brown, paler orange distally. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 1, II pl 1–2 do 2, III pl 2–7 do 3 rl 1, IV do 2; patellae: spineless; tibiae: I & II spineless, III pl 3 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2, IV pl 2 rl 2–3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I & II spineless, strongly scopulate, III & IV scopulate in distal half, III pl 6 rl 4–6 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 2, IV pl 6 rl 4–5 plv 2 rlv 1 vt 2. Abdomen dark grey with pale grey chevron dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FAB5FAA864AAFA42" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 15" captionStartId="2.[151,269,1353,1377]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,315,1326]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,313,1328]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 15. Digital microscope photographs of the habitus of Austrachelas species: (1) A. bergi n. sp., female; (2) A. incertus Lawrence, 1938, female; (3) same, male; (4) A. kalaharinus n. sp., male; (5) A. merwei n. sp., female; (6) same, male; (7) A. natalensis Lawrence, 1942, female; (8) same, male; (9) A. pondoensis n. sp., female; (10) same, male; (11) A. reavelli n. sp., female; (12) same, male; (13) A. sexoculata n. sp., male; (14) A. wassenaari n. sp., female; (15) same, male. Scale bars = 2.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191595/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), cream laterally and ventrally; dorsum with small anterior scutum, venter without sclerites. Palpal median tegular apophysis broad, hook-like; embolus arc-shaped, distal margin of embolus without lobes or teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FAB4FA7F64A5FA17" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpal tibia with hook-like retrolateral apophysis with two closely associated pointed lobes and sharp dorsal tooth-like apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FE3CF9CD6627F9CE" box="[484,571,1544,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 81" captionStartId="26.[151,269,1147,1171]" captionTargetBox="[223,1370,200,1113]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[223,1380,194,1122]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 81. Genitalic morphology of Austrachelas species. (76 – 77) A. sexoculata n. sp.: male palp, ventral view (76), retrolateral view (77); (78 – 81) A. wassenaari n. sp.: female epigyne, ventral view (78), dorsal view (79), male palp, ventral view (80), retrolateral view (81). Scale bars = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191605/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpal spination: femora do 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C333653FDA594507FF1EF9EB6715F8E6" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1EF9EB679DF983" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA594507FF1EF9EB6561F9A4" bold="true" box="[198,381,1582,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54928816DA594507FF1EF9EB651FF9A4" box="[198,259,1582,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="54928816DA594507FE4CF9EB661DF9A4" box="[404,513,1582,1608]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƥ:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA594507FDE4F9EB6701F9A4" box="[572,797,1582,1608]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA594507FCE8F9EA6042F9A4" box="[816,1118,1583,1608]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">KwaZulu-Natal Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Richards Bay, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FAEEF9EB618AF9A4" box="[1334,1430,1582,1608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-28.716667">28°43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FF4FF99064E5F983" box="[151,249,1620,1647]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="32.2">32°12'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF971074DA594507FED5F99065B4F983" box="[269,424,1621,1647]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1996-08-26">26.VIII.1996</date>
|
||
, T. Wassenaar (pit traps) (NCA 97/110).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1EF9B96715F8E6" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54928816DA594507FF1EF9B96521F97A" box="[198,317,1660,1686]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA594507FE91F9B96638F97A" box="[329,548,1660,1686]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA594507FDE9F9B96746F979" box="[561,858,1660,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">KwaZulu-Natal Province</emphasis>
|
||
, Richard’s Bay, [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FBF1F9B96095F97A" box="[1065,1161,1659,1686]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-28.716667">28°43'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FB4FF9B960E5F97A" box="[1175,1273,1659,1686]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="32.2">32°12'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="FF971074DA594507FAD7F9B9618BF97A" box="[1295,1431,1660,1686]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1996-06-18">18.VI.1996</date>
|
||
, T. Wassenaar (pitfall traps), 13 2Ƥ (NCA 97/72); Same data,
|
||
<date id="FF971074DA594507FCAEF9676015F950" box="[886,1033,1698,1724]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1996-07-29">29.VII.1996</date>
|
||
, 23 1Ƥ (NCA 97/73); Greater
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA594507FAA4F96764C6F90F" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
Wetlands Park, Fanies Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FD99F90C6683F90F" box="[577,671,1737,1763]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="-28.533333">28°32'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5073DA594507FD73F90C6717F90F" box="[683,779,1737,1763]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="925" value="32.4">32°24'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF971074DA594507FCCFF90C67D3F90F" box="[791,975,1737,1763]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1990-07-21" valueMax="1990-07-25" valueMin="1990-07-21">21-25.VII.1990</date>
|
||
, M. Alderweireldt & R. Jocqué (pitfall, woodland edge with grass), 13 2Ƥ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE71DA594507FD98F9356684F8E6" box="[576,664,1776,1802]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/z14b-bb31" name="Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MRAC</collectionCode>
|
||
171752).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C333653FDA594501FF1EF8D36127FAFF" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA594507FF1EF8D3611DF8DC" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,1840]" box="[198,1281,1814,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA594507FF1EF8D36543F8DC" bold="true" box="[198,351,1814,1840]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
. Known from northern coastal parts of KwaZulu-Natal,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA594507FC2DF8D36090F8DC" box="[1013,1164,1814,1840]" name="South Africa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA594507FB44F8D360EFF8DC" box="[1180,1267,1814,1840]" captionStart="FIGURE 82" captionStartId="28.[151,255,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[274,1329,188,1095]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[268,1335,181,1109]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 82. Distribution of the genus Austrachelas, endemic to South Africa." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191606/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF56663CDA5E4500FF4FFBA767FFFB96" box="[151,995,1122,1146]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191606/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" targetBox="[274,1329,188,1095]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5E4500FF4FFBA767FFFB96" blockId="28.[151,995,1122,1146]" box="[151,995,1122,1146]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF4FFBA7653AFB96" bold="true" box="[151,294,1122,1146]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 82.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FDE5FBA666D4FB96" box="[573,712,1123,1146]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FDE5FBA666D4FB96" box="[573,712,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, endemic to South Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5E4500FF4FFB6F6507F8DB" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<table id="F929C414DA5EBAE3FF4FFB6F618BF8DB" box="[151,1431,1194,1847]" gridcols="3" gridrows="14" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFB6F618BFB2E" box="[151,1431,1194,1218]" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFB6F66C3FB2E" box="[151,735,1194,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF4FFB6F6514FB2E" bold="true" box="[151,264,1194,1218]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Generic composition, distribution and most
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFB6F602CFB2E" box="[742,1072,1194,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">recent taxonomic treatments of</th>
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFB6F618BFB2E" box="[1079,1431,1194,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
the spider family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FB2AFB6E618FFB2E" box="[1266,1427,1195,1218]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFB18618BFB18" box="[151,1431,1245,1268]" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFB1866C3FB18" box="[151,735,1245,1268]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Genus Valid species</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFB18602CFB18" box="[742,1072,1245,1268]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distribution</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFB18618BFB18" box="[1079,1431,1245,1268]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Publications</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFACD618BFAF3" box="[151,1431,1288,1311]" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFACD66C3FAF3" box="[151,735,1288,1311]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FACD6586FAF3" authority="Lawrence" authorityName="Lawrence" box="[159,410,1288,1311]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FACD6536FAF3" box="[159,298,1288,1311]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
Lawrence
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
9
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFACD602CFAF3" box="[742,1072,1288,1311]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFACD618BFAF3" box="[1079,1431,1288,1311]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Current study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFAF6618BFAA6" box="[151,1431,1331,1354]" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFAF666C3FAA6" box="[151,735,1331,1354]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FAF6656DFAA6" authority="Hewitt" authorityName="Hewitt" box="[159,369,1331,1354]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FAF6653DFAA6" box="[159,289,1331,1354]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
Hewitt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFAF6602CFAA6" box="[742,1072,1331,1354]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFAF6618BFAA6" box="[1079,1431,1331,1354]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tucker (1923)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFA98618BFA99" box="[151,1431,1373,1397]" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFA9866C3FA99" box="[151,735,1373,1397]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FA9B6574FA98" authority="Millot" authorityName="Millot" box="[159,360,1373,1397]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Gallieniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FA9B6503FA99" box="[159,287,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Gallieniella</emphasis>
|
||
Millot
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFA98602CFA99" box="[742,1072,1373,1397]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar, Comores</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFA98618BFA99" box="[1079,1431,1373,1397]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (1984, 1995)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFA4D618BFA73" box="[151,1431,1416,1439]" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFA4D66C3FA73" box="[151,735,1416,1439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FA4D659AFA73" authority="Goloboff" authorityName="Goloboff" box="[159,390,1416,1439]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Galianoella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FA4D6503FA73" box="[159,287,1416,1439]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Galianoella</emphasis>
|
||
Goloboff
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFA4D602CFA73" box="[742,1072,1416,1439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Argentina</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFA4D618BFA73" box="[1079,1431,1416,1439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Goloboff (2000)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFA76618BFA26" box="[151,1431,1459,1482]" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFA7666C3FA26" box="[151,735,1459,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FA766567FA26" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,379,1459,1482]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Legendrena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FA766501FA26" box="[159,285,1459,1482]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Legendrena</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFA76602CFA26" box="[742,1072,1459,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFA76618BFA26" box="[1079,1431,1459,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (1984, 1990, 1995)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FFA18618BFA19" box="[151,1431,1501,1525]" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FFA1866C3FA19" box="[151,735,1501,1525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47FA1B6559FA18" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,325,1501,1525]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Meedo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47FA1B64F4FA19" box="[159,232,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Meedo</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
13
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EFA18602CFA19" box="[742,1072,1501,1525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFFA18618BFA19" box="[1079,1431,1501,1525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF9CD618BF9F3" box="[151,1431,1544,1567]" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF9CD66C3F9F3" box="[151,735,1544,1567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47F9CD6520F9F3" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,316,1544,1567]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Neato" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47F9CD64C3F9F3" box="[159,223,1544,1567]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Neato</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EF9CD602CF9F3" box="[742,1072,1544,1567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFF9CD618BF9F3" box="[1079,1431,1544,1567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF9F6618BF9A6" box="[151,1431,1587,1610]" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF9F666C3F9A6" box="[151,735,1587,1610]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47F9F6652EF9A6" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,306,1587,1610]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Oreo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47F9F664C9F9A6" box="[159,213,1587,1610]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Oreo</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EF9F6602CF9A6" box="[742,1072,1587,1610]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFF9F6618BF9A6" box="[1079,1431,1587,1610]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF998618BF999" box="[151,1431,1629,1653]" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF99866C3F999" box="[151,735,1629,1653]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47F99B6525F998" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,313,1629,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Peeto" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47F99B64C0F999" box="[159,220,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Peeto</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EF998602CF999" box="[742,1072,1629,1653]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFF998618BF999" box="[1079,1431,1629,1653]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF94D618BF973" box="[151,1431,1672,1695]" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF94D66C3F973" box="[151,735,1672,1695]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47F94D6554F973" authority="Platnick" authorityName="Platnick" box="[159,328,1672,1695]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Questo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47F94D64F7F973" box="[159,235,1672,1695]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Questo</emphasis>
|
||
Platnick
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EF94D602CF973" box="[742,1072,1672,1695]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFF94D618BF973" box="[1079,1431,1672,1695]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Platnick (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF976618BF926" box="[151,1431,1715,1738]" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF97666C3F926" box="[151,735,1715,1738]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF47F97665DCF926" authority="Warui & Jocque" authorityName="Warui & Jocque" box="[159,448,1715,1738]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Toxoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FF47F9766513F926" box="[159,271,1715,1738]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Toxoniella</emphasis>
|
||
Warui & Jocqué
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FD3EF976602CF926" box="[742,1072,1715,1738]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Kenya</td>
|
||
<td id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FBEFF976618BF926" box="[1079,1431,1715,1738]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Warui & Jocqué (2002)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="351934F6DA5EBAE3FF4FF8D8618BF8DB" box="[151,1431,1821,1847]" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="76C85D8ADA5EBAE3FF4FF8D866C3F8DB" box="[151,735,1821,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Discussion</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5E4500FF4FF8A2614AF819" blockId="28.[151,1437,1895,2037]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FEC0F8A265ADF86C" box="[280,433,1895,1920]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FEC0F8A265ADF86C" box="[280,433,1895,1920]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
now comprises nine species endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA5E4500FC49F8A26030F86D" box="[913,1068,1895,1921]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species generally occur in moist savanna and forest habitats in the east and south-east of the country, with the exception of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FA59F84B6530F821" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kalaharinus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FA59F84B6530F821" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. kalaharinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FEEDF8716561F822" bold="true" box="[309,381,1972,1998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57DDDA5E4500FEEDF8716561F822" box="[309,381,1972,1998]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, which occurs in dry
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FD48F87166FBF821" box="[656,743,1972,1997]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FD48F87166FBF821" box="[656,743,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
savanna in central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA5E4500FC05F871609EF822" box="[989,1154,1972,1998]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Consistent with other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FF4FF81E655BF819" box="[151,327,2011,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5E4500FE8AF81E65F7F818" box="[338,491,2011,2036]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5E4500FE8AF81E65F7F818" box="[338,491,2011,2036]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are ground-dwelling spiders that were captured mainly by pitfall trapping.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5F4501FF1EFF5D619AFEA0" blockId="29.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The somatic morphology of the genus is very stable, reflected in the results of the phylogenetic analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA5F4501FF78FF7B64E1FF34" box="[160,253,190,216]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="13.[151,260,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[366,1229,202,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[343,1244,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 50. Single fittest tree obtained under implied weighting for 51 species from the families Corinnidae, Gallieniellidae, Lamponidae, Gnaphosidae and Liocranidae, with Zora spinimana (Zoridae) as outgroup. State changes under ACCTRAN are indicated on the tree for 27 out of 96 characters (see text); non-homoplasious state changes are in black, homoplasious state changes in white. Nodes are numbered on the tree and Goloboff fit Bremer support values are indicated in italics below branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191600/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
, Appendix 2). Male palpal morphology is also very conservative, and species can be separated primarily on small differences in the shape and position of the palpal median apophysis, embolic protuberances and shape of the retrolateral tibial apophysis. Females show more variation than males, particularly in the shape and position of the anterior and lateral epigynal hoods and spermathecal structures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5F4501FF1EFE9C65F8FD23" blockId="29.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis confirmed earlier suspicions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FCA3FE9C6088FE9F" author="Lyle" box="[891,1172,345,371]" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Lyle, R. & Haddad, C. R. (2006 b) Somatic morphology supports the transfer of Austrachelas Lawrence to Gallieniellidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Proceedings of the Microscopy Society of Southern Africa, 36, 57." type="journal article" year="2006" yearSuffix="b">Lyle & Haddad 2006b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FB3BFE9C6160FE9E" box="[1251,1404,345,370]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FB3BFE9C6160FE9E" box="[1251,1404,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is misplaced and should be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FDA7FE456725FE76" box="[639,825,384,410]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several synapomorphic characters supporting its placement within the Gnaphosoidea include the depressed endites, oval flattened PME and the sclerotised ALS (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FF05FE086598FE0B" author="Platnick" box="[221,388,461,487]" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (1984) Studies on Malagasy spiders, 1. The family Gallieniellidae. American Museum Novitates, 2801, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1984">Platnick 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further, the “lower gnaphosoid” families have a small distal segment on the ALS, which is at least partly sclerotised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FE37FE316687FDE2" author="Platnick" box="[495,667,500,526]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2002) A revision of the Australiasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 271, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2002">Platnick 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FC8FFE3167EFFDE1" box="[855,1011,500,525]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FC8FFE3167EFFDE1" box="[855,1011,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA5F4501FBDCFE31608DFDE2" box="[1028,1169,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,183,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets of Austrachelas pondoensis n. sp. male (42, 44 – 46) and female (43, 47 – 49). (42, 43) spinneret arrangement; (44, 47) anterior lateral spinneret; (45, 48) posterior median spinneret; (46, 49) posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); ALS – anterior lateral spinneret; Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); maAmp – major ampullate gland spigot (s); miAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MS – PLS modified spigot (s); nu – nubbin (s); Pi – piriform gland spigot; PLS – posterior lateral spinneret; PMS – posterior median spinneret; ta – tartipore (s). Scale bars: 42 = 0.2 mm; 43 = 0.5 mm; 44 – 47 = 0.05 mm; 48, 49 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191599/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 44, 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). The presence of two parallel rows of cylindrical gland spigots on the female PMS of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FC74FDDF6057FDDF" box="[940,1099,538,563]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FC74FDDF6057FDDF" box="[940,1099,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA5F4501FB84FDDF60AAFDD8" box="[1116,1206,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 42 – 49" captionStartId="9.[151,269,1715,1739]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,183,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,183,1686]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 42 – 49. Scanning electron micrographs of spinnerets of Austrachelas pondoensis n. sp. male (42, 44 – 46) and female (43, 47 – 49). (42, 43) spinneret arrangement; (44, 47) anterior lateral spinneret; (45, 48) posterior median spinneret; (46, 49) posterior lateral spinneret. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot (s); ALS – anterior lateral spinneret; Cy – cylindrical gland spigot (s); maAmp – major ampullate gland spigot (s); miAmp – minor ampullate gland spigot (s); MS – PLS modified spigot (s); nu – nubbin (s); Pi – piriform gland spigot; PLS – posterior lateral spinneret; PMS – posterior median spinneret; ta – tartipore (s). Scale bars: 42 = 0.2 mm; 43 = 0.5 mm; 44 – 47 = 0.05 mm; 48, 49 = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191599/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
) is a characteristic shared by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FEC9FD8465A2FDB7" box="[273,446,577,603]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FE20FD8466ADFDB7" box="[504,689,577,603]" class="Arachnida" family="Trochanteriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Trochanteriidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the “lower gnaphosoids” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FBE6FD8460F5FDB7" author="Platnick" box="[1086,1257,577,603]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2002) A revision of the Australiasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 271, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2002">Platnick 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the above, its placement within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FD89FDAD671BFD6E" box="[593,775,616,642]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by the following synapomorphies: PME flattened, oval and smaller than PLE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA5F4501FD8CFD4B66C0FD44" box="[596,732,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 36 – 41" captionStartId="8.[151,271,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,186,987]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,186,987]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 36 – 41. Scanning electronic micrographs of Austrachelas merwei n. sp. female (36 – 38) and male (39 – 41). (36, 39) eye structure and arrangement, dorsal view; (37) sternum; (38) epigyne, ventral view; (40) mouthparts; (41) distal half of male palpal tegulum. Abbreviations: AH – anterior epigynal hood; CO – copulatory openings; EM – embolus; EP – embolar protuberance; LH – lateral epigynal hood; MA – median apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191598/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figs 36, 39</figureCitation>
|
||
), leg IV longer than leg I, and chelicerae with long, oblique fangs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FF3DFD706590FD23" author="Platnick" box="[229,396,693,719]" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (1984) Studies on Malagasy spiders, 1. The family Gallieniellidae. American Museum Novitates, 2801, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1984">Platnick 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FE40FD7065C4FD23" author="Platnick" box="[408,472,693,719]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2002) A revision of the Australiasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 271, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5F4501FF1EFD1966CCFB94" blockId="29.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The relationships of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FE19FD196646FD19" box="[449,602,732,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FE19FD196646FD19" box="[449,602,732,757]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FD30FD196789FD1A" box="[744,917,732,758]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are not yet fully resolved as not all of the known genera were included in our phylogenetic analysis. The genus may be the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FAD4FCC76187FCF7" box="[1292,1435,770,795]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FAD4FCC76187FCF7" box="[1292,1435,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FF68FCEC6531FCAE" box="[176,301,809,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Toxoniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FF68FCEC6531FCAE" box="[176,301,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Toxoniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FDADFCEC6793FCAF" author="Warui" box="[629,911,809,835]" pageId="29" pageNumber="32" refString="Warui, C. & Jocque, R. (2002) The first Gallieniellidae (Araneae) from eastern Africa. Journal of Arachnology, 30, 307 - 315." type="journal article" year="2002">Warui & Jocqué (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as possible sister taxa.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FB75FCEC6155FCAE" box="[1197,1353,809,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FB75FCEC6155FCAE" box="[1197,1353,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FF0CFC956579FC85" box="[212,357,848,873]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FF0CFC956579FC85" box="[212,357,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the anterior and lateral epigynal hoods, the hook-like median apophysis on the male palp, the slightly angled chelicerae, and the short dorsal abdominal scutum in males. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FB36FCB26161FC7C" box="[1262,1405,887,912]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FB36FCB26161FC7C" box="[1262,1405,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the eye arrangement (PER straight rather than slightly recurved), the densely scopulate anterior legs, the chevron-patterned abdomen (as opposed to stripes or spots), oval rather than shield-shaped sternum, and the modified RTA of the male palp (simple and triangular in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FCAFFC2F600EFBEF" box="[887,1042,1002,1027]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FCAFFC2F600EFBEF" box="[887,1042,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Despite these morphological similarities,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FEF2FBD465A6FBC6" box="[298,442,1041,1066]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Drassodella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FEF2FBD465A6FBC6" box="[298,442,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Drassodella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
branched as sister to a gallieniellid clade including the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54928816DA5F4501FB8BFBD4609AFBC7" box="[1107,1158,1041,1067]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FB03FBD46174FBC6" box="[1243,1384,1041,1066]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Gallieniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FB03FBD46174FBC6" box="[1243,1384,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Gallieniella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the Australian genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FEA1FBFD65D0FBBD" box="[377,460,1080,1105]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Meedo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FEA1FBFD65D0FBBD" box="[377,460,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Meedo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FDD0FBFD664DFBBD" box="[520,593,1080,1105]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Neato" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FDD0FBFD664DFBBD" box="[520,593,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Neato</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FD4EFBFD6729FBBD" box="[662,821,1080,1105]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" genus="Austrachelas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAA6DA5F4501FD4EFBFD6729FBBD" box="[662,821,1080,1105]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Austrachelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A31DA5F4501FC9FFBFD67B9FBBE" box="[839,933,1080,1106]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="13.[151,260,1886,1910]" captionTargetBox="[366,1229,202,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[343,1244,190,1862]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 50. Single fittest tree obtained under implied weighting for 51 species from the families Corinnidae, Gallieniellidae, Lamponidae, Gnaphosidae and Liocranidae, with Zora spinimana (Zoridae) as outgroup. State changes under ACCTRAN are indicated on the tree for 27 out of 96 characters (see text); non-homoplasious state changes are in black, homoplasious state changes in white. Nodes are numbered on the tree and Goloboff fit Bremer support values are indicated in italics below branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/191600/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
|
||
). Clearly further studies are necessary to evaluate the phylogeny of the family as a whole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636B4DA5F4501FF1EFB406127FAFF" blockId="29.[151,1438,152,1299]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
The present study increases the generic complement of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D37DA5F4501FC83FB40601BFB73" box="[859,1031,1157,1183]" class="Arachnida" family="Gallieniellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gallieniellidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Afrotropical region to five, and the total family species richness worldwide beyond 50 species (Table 2). Recent taxonomic studies have reported the family for the first time from South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA5F4501FD34FB176748FB00" box="[748,852,1234,1260]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FCBCFB176000FB00" author="Goloboff" box="[868,1052,1234,1260]" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Goloboff, P. A. (2000) The family Gallieniellidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) in the Americas. Journal of Arachnology, 28, 1 - 6." type="journal article" year="2000">Goloboff 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7624DA5F4501FBB9FB1760CCFB00" box="[1121,1232,1234,1260]" name="Australia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B45DA5F4501FB38FB17618CFB00" author="Platnick" box="[1248,1424,1234,1260]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="29" pageNumber="31" refString="Platnick, N. I. (2002) A revision of the Australiasian ground spiders of the families Ammoxenidae, Cithaeronidae, Gallieniellidae, and Trochanteriidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 271, 1 - 243." type="journal article" year="2002">Platnick 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the family has a distribution known mainly from the southern hemisphere across all continents.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |