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<document id="7A5A250576B333E4B610614D98EED262" ID-DOI="10.14411/fp.2023.002" ID-ISSN="1803-6465" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143713" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" checkinTime="1689253877677" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Austin, Lucinda, Santos, Quinton Marco Dos &amp; Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè" docDate="2023" docId="03805153FF9EFFF0FC9DF8AFFDF7F92D" docLanguage="en" docName="FoliaParasit.70.002.pdf" docOrigin="Folia Parasitologica (002) 70" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2023.002" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331:FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="7565043637801AC5878175AE945D3331" docStyleName="FoliaParasit.2015-.journal_article" docTitle="Spinitectus petterae Boomker 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFB9292BFF9AFFF7FFB0FFD0FFC5FFFA" masterDocTitle="Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1689254201110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="21E4512BC668F7AA60899179187DFA5D">Additional data on Spinitectus petterae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) from Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes: Clariidae) in the Vaal River system: conserved morphology or high intraspecific genetic variability?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D949C815ECA86C00C0D8B9D5B200E8A8">Austin, Lucinda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F901C5437044F984BDC597099CF82B60">Santos, Quinton Marco Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2EA2CA5BB4B65FD7B18C86DBF897C537">Avenant-Oldewage, Annemariè</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5687C2E77F191B40A3EB4F0BA5C67654">Folia Parasitologica</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="409564A69D56EBC861E9353495E35C46">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="C7E9C76230CE1B10FDDDBF7E427A36D6">002</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="6DAB5B5A5D9CB622E344D2E3E00F9EB8">2023-01-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5FCD14E9F275102A251557291F61A52">70</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D71C645B98022160D9DAC0701D8214DA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B3652A0CCE5D559F2CC842215A51DBBB" type="DOI">10.14411/fp.2023.002</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FA7A1007A3BF7D9E0FB323CC7D9B5609" type="ISSN">1803-6465</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="125ED4299F53797FB1812DA19600EAAC" type="Zenodo-Dep">8143713</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03805153FF9EFFF0FC9DF8AFFDF7F92D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03805153FF9EFFF0FC9DF8AFFDF7F92D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03805153FF9EFFF0FC9DF8AFFDF7F92D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<subSubSection id="C333B3CEFF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFA59F86D" box="[813,1436,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFA59F86D" blockId="4.[813,1436,1919,1943]" box="[813,1436,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0DE5729FF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFA59F86D" box="[813,1436,1919,1943]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFB71F86D" authority="Boomker, 1993" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[813,1204,1919,1943]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFB71F86D" bold="true" box="[813,1204,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9EFFF3FC9DF8AFFBC1F86D" bold="true" box="[813,1028,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB89DB4FF9EFFF3FBBBF8AFFB71F86D" author="BOOMKER J." box="[1035,1204,1919,1943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="139 - 145" refId="ref8627" refString="BOOMKER J. 1993: Parasites of South African freshwater fish. V. Description of two new species of the genus Spinitectus Fourment, 1883 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae). Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 60: 139 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Boomker, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9EFFF3FA89F8AFFA59F86D" box="[1337,1436,1919,1943]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,186,753,775]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetBox-1="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetBox-3="[152,1436,192,722]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetId-1="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetId-2="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetId-3="figure-664@5.[149,1439,189,723]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." captionText-3="Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143721" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/8143721/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 2–5</figureCitation>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C333B3CEFF9EFFF3FCFBF84FFA82F80D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9EFFF3FCFBF84FFA82F80D" blockId="4.[813,1436,1951,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Material examined:
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FB92F870FB5AF84D" box="[1058,1183,1951,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">ten females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FB1AF870FACAF84D" box="[1194,1295,1951,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">ten males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FAF4F84FFCB2F82D" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="immature">four immature</specimenCount>
females using LM;
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FBE0F86FFB10F82D" box="[1104,1237,1983,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FB50F86FFA82F82D" box="[1248,1351,1983,2007]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="male">six males</specimenCount>
, 12 sets of spicules and
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9EFFF3FC63F830FBADF80D" box="[979,1128,2015,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="immature">two immature</specimenCount>
females using SEM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF56B0CDFF9FFFF2FF27FD21FD09FCC5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143721" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143721/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[151,186,753,775]" targetBox="[152,1436,192,722]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9FFFF2FF27FD21FD09FCC5" blockId="5.[151,1437,753,831]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FF27FD21FF12FCFC" bold="true" box="[151,215,753,775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9FFFF2FD43FD22FB88FCFC" authority="Boomker, 1993" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[755,1101,753,775]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FD43FD22FC77FCFD" box="[755,946,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB89DB4FF9FFFF2FC08FD21FB88FCFC" author="BOOMKER J." box="[952,1101,753,775]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="139 - 145" refId="ref8627" refString="BOOMKER J. 1993: Parasites of South African freshwater fish. V. Description of two new species of the genus Spinitectus Fourment, 1883 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae). Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 60: 139 - 145." type="journal article" year="1993">Boomker, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
collected from
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9FFFF2FB58FD21FF3FFCD9" authority="(Burchell)" baseAuthorityName="Burchell" baseAuthorityYear="1822" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FB58FD21FA58FCFD" box="[1256,1437,753,775]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Clarias gariepinus</emphasis>
(Burchell)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FEB5FCDDFED3FCD8" bold="true" box="[261,278,781,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
– apical view of cephalic region;
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FDD0FCDDFDB5FCD8" bold="true" box="[608,624,781,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
– vulva;
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FD7BFCDDFD19FCD9" bold="true" box="[715,732,781,803]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
– conical tail end;
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FC26FCDDFC62FCD8" bold="true" box="[918,935,781,802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
– conical tail.
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FB87FCDDFB73FCD8" box="[1079,1206,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Abbrevations</emphasis>
: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FF49FCF9FEC0FCC4" bold="true" box="[249,261,809,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
labium; MT
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FE34FCF9FE55FCC4" bold="true" box="[388,400,809,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
mucron tip; PL
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FD9CFCF9FDFDFCC4" bold="true" box="[556,568,809,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">–</emphasis>
pseudolabium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C333B3CEFF9FFFF0FF05FCAFFDF7F92D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9FFFF2FF05FCAFFEABFC4D" blockId="5.[150,777,895,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FF05FCAFFEF3FC6D" bold="true" box="[181,310,895,919]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description</emphasis>
(for measurements: see Supplementary Tables S2, S3 and S4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9FFFF2FF05FC6FFDEAF8AD" blockId="5.[150,777,895,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FF05FC6FFF30FC2D" bold="true" box="[181,245,959,983]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Adult</emphasis>
. Specimens small to medium-sized (length
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FD62FC6FFF01FC0D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 mm</quantity>
). Intestine brown, remainder of body white and opaque. Gravid females (9.4–12.0 mm) larger than adult males (7.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FF27FBCFFF2BFBCD" box="[151,238,1055,1079]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
). Blunt and rounded cephalic area (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FDC3FBCFFD3EFBCD" box="[627,763,1055,1079]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A,C,D</figureCitation>
), elongated body, conical tail at posterior end (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FDDFFBEFFD08FBAD" box="[623,717,1087,1111]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 2H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FD68FBEFFD3EFBAD" box="[728,763,1087,1111]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3A</figureCitation>
). Cuticle surface bears annular spines separated into half-circles by lateral line (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FED6FBAFFE17FB6D" box="[358,466,1151,1175]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2A,B</figureCitation>
). First five rings largest, with first two rings closer together. Subsequent spines diminish in size and organisation towards posterior (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FDD1FB6FFD15FB2D" box="[609,720,1215,1239]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2G,H</figureCitation>
). Fe- males with spines throughout whole body, males only with spines to their midbody (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FE17FB2FFE3BFAED" box="[423,510,1279,1303]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Elongated dorsoventral oral aperture on cephalic area, flanked by two large, flat la- bia, ventrally and dorsally (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FE71FAEFFDF1FAAD" box="[449,564,1343,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C–E</figureCitation>
). Each labium with broad base, smaller, simple, slightly sclerotised and slender sublabium bordering oral opening. Lateral to oral opening, large, broad, pseudolabia project medially, fold into oral opening. Two elongated submedian cephalic papillae interspersed by two lateral amphids at base of each pseudolabium (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FF2EFA2FFF2BF9ED" box="[158,238,1535,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). No deirids observed. Most specimens display thinwalled, distinctly widened vestibule with posterior prostom. Some specimens (three of nine) showed collapsed vestibule. Telostom present, both relaxed and contracted states observed. Alternate states of vestibule and telostom impacted other morphometric characters such as distance of nerve ring to vestibule and anterior extremity. Oesophagus divided into anterior muscular section (more slender and shorter than wide) and long glandular section. Nerve ring location variable, mostly encircling muscular oesophagus. Excretory pore located at fourth annular ring (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FE63F8EFFDE6F8AD" box="[467,547,1855,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9FFFF2FF05F88FFC15FA8D" blockId="5.[150,777,895,2071]" lastBlockId="5.[811,1438,895,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9FFFF2FF05F88FFF33F88D" bold="true" box="[181,246,1887,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Male.</emphasis>
Ten randomly selected males measured (Supplementary Table S3). Total body length 7.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FDDCF8AFFD07F86D" box="[620,706,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
, maximum width 100–189. First ring of spines 147–182 from anterior. Number of spines:
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FE0CF86FFDDCF82D" box="[444,537,1983,2007]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1303" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="44.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="39.0">39–50 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FDE4F86FFD74F82D" box="[596,689,1983,2007]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1049" metricValueMax="1.1938" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="43.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="40.0">40–47 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FF27F80FFF33F80D" box="[151,246,2015,2039]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="42.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="36.0">36–48 in</quantity>
third ring. Length of spines
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FD98F80FFD43F80D" box="[552,646,2015,2039]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="14.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="13.0">13–16 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FD74F80FFF69F7ED" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FEBCF82FFEAEF7ED" box="[268,363,2047,2071]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.064" metricValueMin="3.556" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 in</quantity>
third ring. Two individuals with extra ring of 4 spines between second and third rings. At postoesophageal region, cuticular spines become smaller, sparser, begin to lose annular pattern, absent at posterior (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FA89FC6FFA4AFC2D" box="[1337,1423,959,983]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). Vestibule plus prostom length 47–64, uncollapsed vestibule 11–20 long and 14–23 wide, prostom 30–48 long and 6–9 wide. Relaxed telostom 10–17 long and 7–15. Contracted telostom length 5–12 and width 14–28. Relaxed telostom generally longer, thinner than in contracted state. Muscular oesophagus 408–563 long, glandular oesophagus
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FADEFBAFFC44FB4D" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5– 2.7 mm</quantity>
long, ratio of muscular to glandular oesophagus lengths 1: 3.1–5.1. Vestibule plus total oesophagus length 2.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9FFFF2FCEDFB0FFC76FB0D" box="[861,947,1247,1271]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
, percentage of vestibule plus oesophagus of total body length 24–41%. Nerve ring 117–285 from anterior extremity, 59–339 from vestibule. Excretory pore on fourth ring, 277–379 from anterior extremity, 248–329 from vestibule.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9FFFF2FCFBFAAFFA59F7ED" blockId="5.[811,1438,895,2071]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Caudal alae absent. Tail 144–191 long, mucron tip terminal, 2–5 long. Rugosa ridges present on ventral surface, 10 rows (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FC3FFA6FFBC3FA2D" box="[911,1030,1471,1495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3A,B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FBA0FA6FFB89FA2D" box="[1040,1100,1471,1495]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4A,C</figureCitation>
). Pedunculated preanal papillae in four pairs, postanal papillae in three pairs, distal group of three pairs (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FC1CFA2FFBE0F9ED" box="[940,1061,1535,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3A,C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FB81FA2FFBABF9ED" box="[1073,1134,1535,1559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4A,C</figureCitation>
). Left spicule delicate, with internal supporting rings 0.7–1.0 mm long, shaft length 280–553, left spicule shaft percentage of total spicule 40–53 %. Left spicule covered by spicule pouch; pouch attached to spicular muscle (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FBF9F9AFFB65F96D" box="[1097,1184,1663,1687]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). Manubrium at base of spicule, vas deferens connected to manubrium (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FA86F94FFA52F94D" box="[1334,1431,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FC9DF96FFC94F92D" box="[813,849,1727,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4A</figureCitation>
). Lumen of spicule cytoplasmic core opens at anterior third of spicule, and terminates distally (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FB53F90FFAA7F90D" box="[1251,1378,1759,1783]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3E–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FADDF90FFA57F90D" box="[1389,1426,1759,1783]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4A</figureCitation>
). Proximal cytoplasmic core opening observed in scanning electron microscopy, resembles arch in LM. Blade of left spicule with V-shaped vellum, twisting around blade, distal cytoplasmic core opening (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FBCAF88FFB36F88D" box="[1146,1267,1887,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 3G–I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FAB1F88FFAE6F88D" box="[1281,1315,1887,1911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,186,1185,1207]" captionTargetBox="[169,1425,199,1149]" captionTargetId="graphics-498@4.[181,943,271,1044]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 4. Illustrations of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 – male, reproductive structures and tail end. A – lateral aspect of posterior section with left and right spicules, and associated structures; B – tip of left spicule from two views and tip of the right spicule with fleshy extension; C – ventral aspect of posterior section with caudal papillae and cloacal opening.Abbreviation: C – cloacal opening; CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; LS – left spicule; LSB – left spicule blade; LSS – left spicule shaft; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SM – spicule muscle; SP – spicular pouch; VD – vas deferens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143719" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4B</figureCitation>
). V-shaped vellum resembles spine-like structure in LM. Right spicule small, robust 124–162 long, including distended fleshy membrane 131–170 long (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9FFFF2FBFAF86FFB5DF82D" box="[1098,1176,1983,2007]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3J</figureCitation>
). Right spicule shallow, boat-like structure with fleshy tip in undigested SEM spec- imens. Once digested, right spicule structure appears deep-
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD4FF00FB15FF1F" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[612,1232,208,229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
813447
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD1EFF00FCA6FF1B" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[686,867,208,225]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD1EFF00FCA6FF1B" box="[686,867,208,225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FBC0FF01FB15FF1F" bold="true" box="[1136,1232,209,229]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F33EA0D5FF9CFFF1FBC0FF01FB15FF1F" box="[1136,1232,209,229]" name="Tanzania" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD2FF2BFB7BFEEB" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[610,1214,251,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
291616
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD1CFF2BFCA4FEF6" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[684,865,251,268]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD1CFF2BFCA4FEF6" box="[684,865,251,268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FBCFFF2DFB7BFEEB" bold="true" box="[1151,1214,253,273]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<collectingCountry id="F33EA0D5FF9CFFF1FBCFFF2DFB7BFEEB" box="[1151,1214,253,273]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Egypt</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD7FEF6FC3AFEC2" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[615,1023,294,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD7FEF6FC3AFEC2" bold="true" box="[615,1023,294,312]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800410
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFEF6FC51FEC2" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,916,294,312]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFEF6FC51FEC2" bold="true" box="[719,916,294,312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1FB96Cg9
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FE81FBC9FE99" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,1036,337,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD5FE81FBC9FE99" bold="true" box="[613,1036,337,355]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800407
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7EFE81FC56FE99" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[718,915,337,355]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7EFE81FC56FE99" bold="true" box="[718,915,337,355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2FVD96Cg3
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD6FEADFBCEFE75" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[614,1035,381,399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD6FEADFBCEFE75" bold="true" box="[614,1035,381,399]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800411
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7DFEADFC57FE75" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[717,914,381,399]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7DFEADFC57FE75" bold="true" box="[717,914,381,399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2FVB96Cg9
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD6FE78FC06FE40" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[614,963,424,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD6FE78FC06FE40" bold="true" box="[614,963,424,442]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800404
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFE78FC56FE40" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,915,424,442]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFE78FC56FE40" bold="true" box="[719,915,424,442]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
N1G
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FB8FFE6EFAC4FE28" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[1087,1281,446,466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FB8FFE6EFAC4FE28" bold="true" box="[1087,1281,446,466]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Vaal River system</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD7FE03FBC8FE1F" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[615,1037,467,485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD7FE03FBC8FE1F" bold="true" box="[615,1037,467,485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800406
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFE03FC51FE1F" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,916,467,485]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFE03FC51FE1F" bold="true" box="[719,916,467,485]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1FVD96Cg7
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD7FE2EFBD9FDEA" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[615,1052,510,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD7FE2EFBD9FDEA" bold="true" box="[615,1052,510,528]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800409
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFE2EFC51FDEA" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,916,510,528]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFE2EFC51FDEA" bold="true" box="[719,916,510,528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1MVD96Cg11
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD7FDF9FBC9FDC1" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[615,1036,553,571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD7FDF9FBC9FDC1" bold="true" box="[615,1036,553,571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800408
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFDF9FC51FDC1" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,916,553,571]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFDF9FC51FDC1" bold="true" box="[719,916,553,571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
1LVD96Cg8
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD6FD85FC06FD9D" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[614,963,597,615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD6FD85FC06FD9D" bold="true" box="[614,963,597,615]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800405
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFD85FC56FD9D" authorityName="Boomker" authorityYear="1993" box="[719,915,597,615]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFD85FC56FD9D" bold="true" box="[719,915,597,615]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
N2G
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD6FD50FC15FD68" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[614,976,640,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD6FD50FC15FD68" bold="true" box="[614,976,640,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800412
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFD50FC00FD68" authority="SPC" authorityName="SPC" box="[719,965,640,658]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFD50FC56FD68" bold="true" box="[719,915,640,658]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
SPC
</taxonomicName>
1
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FBDAFD5CFB16FD5A" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[1130,1235,652,672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FBDAFD5CFB16FD5A" bold="true" box="[1130,1235,652,672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Crocodile</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD6FD7BFB7AFD40" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[614,1215,678,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDD6FD7BFB7AFD40" bold="true" box="[614,1215,678,701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
OP800413
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFD7BFC00FD47" authority="SPC" authorityName="SPC" box="[719,965,683,701]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="petterae">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFD7BFC56FD47" bold="true" box="[719,915,683,701]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus petterae</emphasis>
SPC
</taxonomicName>
3 River
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FD06FCBFFD1D" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,890,726,743]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
DQ503464
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFD06FCBFFD1D" box="[719,890,726,743]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="carolini">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFD06FCBFFD1D" box="[719,890,726,743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus carolini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FCD1FC6CFCE8" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,937,769,786]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
JF803922
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD77FCD1FC6CFCE8" box="[711,937,769,786]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tabascoensis">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD77FCD1FC6CFCE8" box="[711,937,769,786]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus tabascoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FCFDFC77FCC4" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,946,813,830]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
MH754719
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD60FCFDFC77FCC4" box="[720,946,813,830]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="tabascoensis">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD60FCFDFC77FCC4" box="[720,946,813,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus tabascoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FC88FB11FC88" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,1236,856,882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B41EA18FF9CFFF1FDD5FC88FB11FC88" box="[613,1236,856,882]" collectionCode="Mh" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="MG594296" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB8F483EFF9CFFF1FDD5FC88FD0EFC93" box="[613,715,856,873]" collectionCode="MG" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MG594296</specimenCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD61FC88FB11FC88" authority="Americas" box="[721,1236,856,882]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="macrospinosus">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD61FC88FC00FC93" box="[721,965,856,873]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus macrospinosus</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FBDDFC8EFB11FC88" bold="true" box="[1133,1236,862,882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Americas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FC53FCBEFC6E" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,891,899,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B41EA18FF9CFFF1FDD5FC53FCBEFC6E" box="[613,891,899,916]" collectionCode="Mg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="MG594297" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB8F483EFF9CFFF1FDD5FC53FD0EFC6E" box="[613,715,899,916]" collectionCode="MG" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MG594297</specimenCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD61FC53FCBEFC6E" box="[721,891,899,916]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD61FC53FCBEFC6E" box="[721,891,899,916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FC7EFC5EFC45" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,923,942,959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B41EA18FF9CFFF1FDD5FC7EFC5EFC45" box="[613,923,942,959]" collectionCode="Mg" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="MK341639" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB8F483EFF9CFFF1FDD5FC7EFD0CFC45" box="[613,713,942,959]" collectionCode="MK" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MK341639</specimenCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFC7EFC5EFC45" authorityName="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2000" box="[719,923,942,959]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFC7EFC5EFC45" box="[719,923,942,959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FDD5FC09FC5EFC10" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[613,923,985,1002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<materialsCitation id="3B41EA18FF9CFFF1FDD5FC09FC5EFC10" box="[613,923,985,1002]" collectionCode="Mk" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCode="MK353469" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB8F483EFF9CFFF1FDD5FC09FD0CFC10" box="[613,713,985,1002]" collectionCode="MK" country="Kenya" name="National Museum of Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">MK353469</specimenCode>
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD7FFC09FC5EFC10" authorityName="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2000" box="[719,923,985,1002]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD7FFC09FC5EFC10" box="[719,923,985,1002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FD9AFBD6FD3BFBED" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[554,766,1030,1047]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD9AFBD6FD3BFBED" authorityName="Prasad et Sahay" authorityYear="1965" box="[554,766,1030,1047]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdochonidae" genus="Rhabdochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mazeedi">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD9AFBD6FD3BFBED" box="[554,766,1030,1047]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhabdochona mazeedi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FE78FBE0FCD3FBBB" blockId="6.[294,1281,208,1089]" box="[456,790,1072,1089]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
MK353468
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FD82FBE0FCD3FBBB" authorityName="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2001" box="[562,790,1072,1089]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdochonidae" genus="Rhabdochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xiphophori">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FD82FBE0FCD3FBBB" box="[562,790,1072,1089]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhabdochona xiphophori</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FE2DFBB5FE15FB88" blockId="6.[413,464,1125,1138]" box="[413,464,1125,1138]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.004</paragraph>
<caption id="DF56B0CDFF9CFFF1FF27FB40FAFDFB00" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143723" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143723/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[151,186,1168,1190]" targetBox="[275,611,208,1075]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FF27FB40FAFDFB00" blockId="6.[151,1437,1168,1274]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FF27FB40FF1DFB5F" bold="true" box="[151,216,1168,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships of
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FDB0FB41FD52FB5C" box="[512,663,1169,1190]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FDB0FB41FDACFB5C" box="[512,617,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spinitectus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
based on available 18S rDNA, based on the Bayesian (BI) method, with
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FAD2FB40FC6EFB3B" authority="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado, 2001" authorityName="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2001" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdochonidae" genus="Rhabdochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xiphophori">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FAD2FB40FE9EFB3B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhabdochona xiphophori</emphasis>
Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado, 2001
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9CFFF1FC6FFB7CFA59FB38" authority="Prasad et Sahay, 1965" authorityName="Prasad et Sahay" authorityYear="1965" box="[991,1436,1196,1218]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdochonidae" genus="Rhabdochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="mazeedi">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FC6FFB7CFB7EFB3B" box="[991,1211,1196,1217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Rhabdochona mazeedi</emphasis>
Prasad et Sahay, 1965
</taxonomicName>
serving as outgroups. Posterior probability (BI) and 1,000 bootstrap replicate (maximum likelihood (ML)) support indicated (BI/ML), nodes with less than 0.5 (50 %) support not annotated. Data shaded in colour indicate geographical locality or river system.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FF27FA90FE35FA8D" blockId="6.[150,776,1343,2072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
er with sharp (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FE83FAEFFE65FAAD" box="[307,416,1343,1367]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[151,186,1493,1515]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,1468]" captionTargetId="figure-228@3.[149,1439,189,1468]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of adult males of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – posterior section with extended left spicule; B – rugosa plates; C – two pairs of three post-cloacal papillae; D – base of left spicule and tip of right spicule protruding from cloaca; E – left spicule extended to cytoplasmic core opening; F – excised left spicule with inlay of cytoplasmic core opening; G – spicule blade with V-shaped velum, and terminal cytoplasmic core opening; H – spicule blade; I – ventral view of velum; J – excised and undigested right spicule; K, L – lateral and ventral aspect of the digested right spicule, respectively. Abbreviations: CCO – cytoplasmic core opening; FE – fleshy extension; LS – left spicule; M – manubrium; PcP – postcloacal papillae; PP – precloacal papillae; RP – rugosa plates; RS – right spicule; SB – spicule blade; SM – spicule muscle; ST – spicule tip; TCO – terminal cytoplasmic core opening; V – velum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143717" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143717/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3K,L</figureCitation>
), fleshy tip, and hollow cytoplas- mic core opening visible in LM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FF05FAAFFF00F86D" blockId="6.[150,776,1343,2072]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FF05FAAFFECDFA6D" bold="true" box="[181,264,1407,1431]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Female</emphasis>
. (10 randomly selected gravid females measured – Supplementary Table S2). Total body length 9.4– 12.0 mm, maximum width 222–292. First ring of spines 170–192 from anterior extremity. Number of spines:
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FD74FA0FFF6EF9ED" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" metricValueMax="1.27" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="45.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="40.0">40–50 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FF5FFA2FFE94F9ED" box="[239,337,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1557" metricValueMax="1.3208" metricValueMin="0.9906" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="45.5" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="39.0">39–52 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FE06FA2FFDDDF9ED" box="[438,536,1535,1559]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0922" metricValueMax="1.2446" metricValueMin="0.9398" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="43.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="37.0">37–49 in</quantity>
third ring. Length of spines (measured from spine tip to connection with collar –
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FF63F9EFFE81F9AD" box="[211,324,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A,B</figureCitation>
): 14.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FE26F9EFFE27F9AD" box="[406,482,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1402" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.3">16.3 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FD94F9EFFD68F9AD" box="[548,685,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3307" metricValueMax="4.7244" metricValueMin="3.937" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="17.05" valueMax="18.6" valueMin="15.5">15.5–18.6 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FF27F98FFEDBF98D" box="[151,286,1631,1655]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2291" metricValueMax="4.5212" metricValueMin="3.937" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.65" valueMax="17.8" valueMin="15.5">15.5–17.8 in</quantity>
third ring. Three individuals with extra spine ring with 1–9 spines between second and third rings. In post-oesophageal region, cuticular spines become smaller, sparser, begin to lose annular pattern, dissipating towards tail (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FF7FF90FFEA5F90D" box="[207,352,1759,1783]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2A,G,H</figureCitation>
). Vestibule plus prostom 51–80 long, vestibule 15–20 long and 4–22 wide, prostom 36–49 long and 6–9 wide. Relaxed telostom length 11–17 and width 12–22. Contracted telostom length 8–20 and width 16–22. Relaxed telostom generally longer, thinner than contracted one.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FF05F84FFC6CF92D" blockId="6.[150,776,1343,2072]" lastBlockId="6.[811,1438,1343,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Muscular oesophagus length 482–648, glandular oesophagus length
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FEE2F86FFE1CF82D" box="[338,473,1983,2007]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.8" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.4">1.4–2.2 mm</quantity>
, ratio of muscular to glandular oesophagus lengths 1: 2.5–4.7. Vestibule plus total oesophagus length
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FED7F82FFE6DF7ED" box="[359,424,2047,2071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, percentage of vestibule plus oesophagus to body length 19–29 %. Nerve ring 73–176 from anterior, 14–115 from vestibule. Excretory pore 363–399 from anterior and 296–338 from vestibule. Vulva not protruding (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FC38FA4FFC28FA4D" box="[904,1005,1439,1463]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2H,I</figureCitation>
), in posterior half of body, 9.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FA8FFA4FFA59FA4D" box="[1343,1436,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
from anterior body, 280–532 from anus, 353–632 from tail tip. Vulva 94–96% from anterior end. Reproductive structure mono-opisthodelphic, ovary with two oviducts posterior to uterus and muscular vagina, all directed anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FC87F9EFFC41F9AD" box="[823,900,1599,1623]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
). Fully developed eggs present in uterus of gravid females. Eggs oval, smooth, lacking accessories, thick walled, larvated; 33–36 long and 21–25 wide. Tail 71–99 long, with small spines, terminal mucron tip 1.1–6.0 long (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FC86F96FFC58F92D" box="[822,925,1727,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,186,1477,1499]" captionTargetBox="[154,1438,192,1446]" captionTargetId="figure-24@2.[151,1441,189,1448]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Light and scanning electron micrographs of adult females of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – neck showing spines on annular rings; B – first three rings on neck, rings indicated numerically and spine length measurement illustrated; C – apical view of the cephalic region; D – lateral view of cephalic region; E – apical view of cephalic structures; F – excretory pore; G – diminishing spines; H – posterior end; inlay gonopore with vulva I – posterior end with gonopore, vulva position indicated; J – conical tail tip; K – conical tail and mucron tip. Abbreviations: A – anus; AP – amphid; CP – cephalic papillae; L – labia; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabia; PS – porous structure; OO – oral opening; V – vulva; SL – sublabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143715" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143715/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2J,K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9CFFF1FCFBF90FFA59F80D" blockId="6.[811,1438,1343,2039]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9CFFF1FCFBF90FFBD9F90D" bold="true" box="[843,1052,1759,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Immature female.</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D2F2BCCFF9CFFF1FB9DF90FFB08F90D" box="[1069,1229,1759,1783]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="immature">four immature</specimenCount>
females measured Supplementary Table S4). Total body length
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FAA4F92FFA5DF8ED" box="[1300,1432,1791,1815]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.7" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="8.7" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="8.3">8.3–9.1 mm</quantity>
, maximum width 210–257. Cephalic structures underdeveloped (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9CFFF1FCC2F8EFFC0EF8AD" box="[882,971,1855,1879]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,753,775]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,722]" captionTargetId="figure-664@5.[149,1439,189,723]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). First ring of spines 56–70 from anterior. Number of spines generally lower than in adult females:
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FC9DF8AFFC4FF86D" box="[813,906,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" metricValueMax="1.0922" metricValueMin="1.0413999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="42.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="41.0">41–43 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FC75F8AFFBE6F86D" box="[965,1059,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1303" metricValueMax="1.1938" metricValueMin="1.0668" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="44.5" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="42.0">42–47 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FBCEF8AFFB19F86D" box="[1150,1244,1919,1943]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" metricValueMax="1.2192" metricValueMin="0.9144" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="42.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="36.0">36–48 in</quantity>
third ring. Length of spines;
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FC2EF84FFC3BF84D" box="[926,1022,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.175" metricValueMax="3.302" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 in</quantity>
first,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FB8FF84FFB65F84D" box="[1087,1184,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.064" metricValueMax="4.318" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 in</quantity>
second,
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9CFFF1FAB1F84FFAA7F84D" box="[1281,1378,1951,1975]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.556" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.302" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="14.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="13.0">13–15 in</quantity>
third ring. In postoesophageal region, cuticular spines become smaller, sparse, begin to lose annular pattern. Prostom plus
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9DFFF0FE46FC2FFDD8FBEA" blockId="7.[502,541,1023,1040]" box="[502,541,1023,1040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">0.02</paragraph>
<caption id="DF56B0CDFF9DFFF0FF27FBE3FDA0FB43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8143725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143725/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[151,186,1075,1097]" targetBox="[273,1306,204,981]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9DFFF0FF27FBE3FDA0FB43" blockId="7.[150,1437,1075,1209]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9DFFF0FF27FBE3FF1CFBB2" bold="true" box="[151,217,1075,1097]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships of
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9DFFF0FDB5FBE3FD5AFBB2" box="[517,671,1075,1096]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9DFFF0FDB5FBE3FDABFBB2" box="[517,622,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spinitectus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
based on available
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9DFFF0FCD4FBE4FC40FBB3" box="[868,901,1076,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">cox</emphasis>
1 mtDNA for
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9DFFF0FBA2FBE3FBBEFBB2" authorityName="Fourment" authorityYear="1884" box="[1042,1147,1075,1096]" class="Chromadorea" family="Cystidicolidae" genus="Spinitectus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9DFFF0FBA2FBE3FBBEFBB2" box="[1042,1147,1075,1096]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spinitectus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on Bayesian inference (BI)), with
<taxonomicName id="4C299BC6FF9DFFF0FEB2FB9FFBF3FB9E" authority="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado, 2001" authorityName="Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado" authorityYear="2001" box="[258,1078,1103,1125]" class="Chromadorea" family="Rhabdochonidae" genus="Rhabdochona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="xiphophori">
<emphasis id="B95D3C57FF9DFFF0FEB2FB9FFE30FB9E" box="[258,501,1103,1124]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rhabdochona xiphophori</emphasis>
Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec et Salgado-Maldonado, 2001
</taxonomicName>
as the designated outgroup. Posterior probability (BI) and 1,000 bootstrap replicate (maximum likelihood (ML)) support indicated (BI/ML), nodes with less than 0.5 (50 %) support not annotated. Data shaded in colour from indicated geographical locality or river system, and three haplotypes recorded from the Vaal River system indicated (VRS1–VRS3).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9DFFF0FF27FB2FFF0BFACD" blockId="7.[150,777,1279,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">vestibule 54–64 long, prostom 47–50 long, vestibule 8–15 long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B96E045FF9DFFF0FF05FAEFFDF7F92D" blockId="7.[150,777,1279,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Muscular oesophagus length 304–428, glandular oesophagus
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9DFFF0FEB2FA8FFE47FA8D" box="[258,386,1375,1399]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
long, ratio of muscular to glandular 1: 2.1–5.0. Vestibule plus whole oesophagus length 2.0–
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9DFFF0FF27FA4FFF28FA4D" box="[151,237,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9 mm</quantity>
; ratio of oesophagus plus vestibule length to total body length 20–30%. Nerve ring not observed. Excretory pore situated between row 1, 3, 4 and 5, 9–214 from anterior extremity. Vulva not protruding, located in posterior-half of body (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9DFFF0FEFCF9CFFE64F9CD" box="[332,417,1567,1591]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,753,775]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,722]" captionTargetId="figure-664@5.[149,1439,189,723]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="4CD14DA0FF9DFFF0FE07F9CFFDFCF9CD" box="[439,569,1567,1591]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="8.3" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="7.8">7.8–8.8 mm</quantity>
from anterior end, 277–429 from anus. Muscular vagina connected to uterus anteriorly. Oval, smooth, unfertilised eggs in uterus, 33–37 long and 20–22 wide. Tail 74–88 long; small, dispersed spines anterior to mucron, mucron length 2–6 (
<figureCitation id="1312FCC0FF9DFFF0FD3CF94FFD3FF94D" box="[652,762,1695,1719]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[151,186,753,775]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,192,722]" captionTargetId="figure-664@5.[149,1439,189,723]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of immature female of Spinitectus petterae Boomker, 1993 collected from Clarias gariepinus (Burchell). A – apical view of cephalic region; B – vulva; C – conical tail end; D – conical tail. Abbrevations: A – anus; CA – caudal papilla; L – labium; MT – mucron tip; PL – pseudolabium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8143721" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8143721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 5C,D</figureCitation>
). Two caudal papillae lateral to mucron.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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