257 lines
37 KiB
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257 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="5069DE3FE76D12BAE48E35D27A5CF0E8" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.3.6" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4158.3.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f703d70e-e971-44dd-bec8-2eccedb22f06" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="263699" ID-ZooBank="216AD21E-D9CC-4BD6-A0A9-A7C7F679FAF1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1472539103884" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gagné, Raymond J." docDate="2016" docId="039587BF317BBD4BAD84FEDF3C3FFCC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4158.3.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4158 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Helianthecis Gagne, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="409" masterDocId="FFACFFC73179BD4DAD13FFF83877FFD5" masterDocTitle="Three new genera and three new species of Nearctic Lasiopteridi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) from Asteraceae and Caprifoliaceae, and the tribe Rhopalomyiini subsumed under Oligotrophini" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="403" pageNumber="405" updateTime="1698383413462" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="496A38A882EB2C334FA8523CA8DF2A6A">Three new genera and three new species of Nearctic Lasiopteridi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) from Asteraceae and Caprifoliaceae, and the tribe Rhopalomyiini subsumed under Oligotrophini</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9DC77B81A4D15FC4CF881FB2289EFB9">Gagné, Raymond J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C407032DFFB4AF4226AB33FDEB69D139">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="155155055234C8BF3243B4CD1B8D31A8">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F9EDE37FAC54BC36F4944097FE900615">4158</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="1E30412B82D66D4DB4DD6C7A061CF827" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4158.3.6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039587BF317BBD4BAD84FEDF3C3FFCC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6072231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124408472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6072231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039587BF317BBD4BAD84FEDF3C3FFCC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039587BF317BBD4BAD84FEDF3C3FFCC0" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<subSubSection id="C3266522317BBD4FAD84FEDF395EFEB6" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FAD84FEDF3A6FFE97" blockId="2.[151,536,295,355]" box="[151,536,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<heading id="D0CB81C5317BBD4FAD84FEDF3A6FFE97" bold="true" box="[151,536,295,322]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAD84FEDF3A6FFE97" bold="true" box="[151,536,295,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FAD84FEDF39FDFE97" ID-CoL="89QCV" authority="Gagne" authorityName="Gagne" box="[151,394,295,322]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAD84FEDF3947FE94" bold="true" box="[151,304,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Helianthecis</emphasis>
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Gagné
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27B57C0317BBD4FAC84FED03A6FFE97" box="[407,536,296,322]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FAD84FEB2395EFEB6" blockId="2.[151,536,295,355]" box="[151,297,330,355]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAD84FEB238A9FEB6" box="[151,222,330,355]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,193,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Wings. 1, Helianthecis capitum. 2, Lonicerae russoi. 3, Chiosperma turgidum. Line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263701/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Figs 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FADF9FEB33952FEB6" box="[234,293,331,355]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStart-1="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox-0="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetBox-1="[165,1432,191,1515]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[150,1436,179,1533]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." captionText-1="FIGURES 15 – 18. Helianthecis capitum. 15, Female abdomen, sixth segment to cerci (dorsolateral), with details of eighth tergite, fused cerci and seventh sternite. 16, Pupal anterior parts (ventral). 17, Larval spatula and associated papillae. 18, Larval eighth and terminal segments (dorsal)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/263703/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">7–18</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3266522317BBD4FAD84FE6A3A6EFCC3" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FAD84FE6A3A6EFCC3" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAD84FE6A3966FE7E" bold="true" box="[151,273,402,427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Were it not for their fully developed mouthparts (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAE4FFE6A3BD4FE7E" box="[860,931,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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), adults of the new genus would pass for a
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FAD84FE4E395BFE1B" box="[151,300,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAD84FE4E395BFE1B" box="[151,300,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The two genera resemble one another in the following suite of characters: C is continuous across its juncture with R4+5; empodia reach the bend in the claws; abdominal tergites bear lateral setae (secondarily lost in some
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FADC9FDF93918FDCC" box="[218,367,513,537]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FADC9FDF93918FDCC" box="[218,367,513,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.); the female eighth tergite, while lengthy, is not divided longitudinally; the gonostylus is completely covered with microtrichia; and the ventral part of the gonocoxal mediobasal lobe is blunt apically. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FAD84FDB1395BFDB4" box="[151,300,585,609]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAD84FDB1395BFDB4" box="[151,300,585,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the mouthparts are probably non-functional. The labella are reduced in size and vestiture and the palpi have only one or two segments. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FAF78FD953A8EFD50" box="[619,761,621,645]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAF78FD953A8EFD50" box="[619,761,621,645]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Helianthecis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the labella are fully developed and the palpi retain all four segments. Larvae of the two genera are distinct:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FAFDFFD693B2DFD7C" box="[716,858,657,681]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAFDFFD693B2DFD7C" box="[716,858,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Helianthecis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the more plesiomorphic with a fully developed spatula, five lateral papillae on each side of the thoracic midline, and eight terminal papillae;
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<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317BBD4FA9D7FD4D3D2EFD18" box="[1220,1369,693,717]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FA9D7FD4D3D2EFD18" box="[1220,1369,693,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a foreshortened spatula when one is present, at most two lateral papillae on each side of the thoracic midline, and only two or four terminal papillae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3266522317BBD4BADD4FCD93D57FE21" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="409" pageId="2" pageNumber="405" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FADD4FCD93DEAFB13" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FADD4FCD93921FCEF" bold="true" box="[199,342,801,826]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B948EABB317BBD4FAC4CFCD939EDFCEC" box="[351,410,801,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Adult</emphasis>
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: Head (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FACEBFCD93A49FCEF" box="[504,574,801,826]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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): Eyes connate, 6–7 facets long at vertex; facets circular, contiguous except slightly farther apart laterally near level of antennal bases. Antenna: ventral aspect of scape with extensive covering of setae and scales; pedicel evenly covered with setae; first and second flagellomeres connate. Male antenna (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FA841FC913DE3FC57" box="[1362,1428,873,898]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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) with 13 (last two connate) to 15 flagellomeres, all but apical flagellomere with necks about half length of nodes; circumfila consisting of complete basal ring and partial distal ring connected by two vertical strands; short, straight setae encircling base below proximal circumfilum, many long, basally curved setae from hooded alveoli situated between circumfilar rings, these present chiefly on venter. Female antenna (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAEF7FC013C51FBC7" box="[996,1062,1017,1042]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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) with 14 (last two connate) to 17 flagellomeres, as for male but without necks and 2 complete circumfilar rings. Frons extensively covered with setae and scales. Labrum triangular, with short setae ventrally. Labella hemispherical in frontal view, fused medially, with several, short, strong setae of uniform length. Palpus of 4 segments, first and second ovoid, not much longer than wide, third and fourth narrower, about twice as long as wide; first segment with long setae, the remaining segments variously covered with scales and setae, including short, strong setae on medial surface similar to those on the labella.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FADD4FB293C55FA74" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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Thorax: Scutum with 4 longitudinal rows of setae with a few scales intermixed, the 2 dorsocentral rows broadest anteriorly, tapering posteriorly and vanishing before scutellum, the 2 lateral rows situated at midlength of scutal edge. Scutellum covered with setae anteromedially and laterally. Anepisternum with a few scales dorsally; anepimeron setose; pleura otherwise bare. Wing (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAFD8FAC53B65FA83" box="[715,786,1341,1366]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,193,1862]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Wings. 1, Helianthecis capitum. 2, Lonicerae russoi. 3, Chiosperma turgidum. Line = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263701/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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): C not broken at junction with R4+5; R4+5 nearly straight, reaching C near wing apex; CuA forked. Acropods (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAE10FA9C3B2BFAA8" box="[771,860,1380,1405]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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): tarsal claws strongly curved beyond midlength, without basal tooth; empodia as long as claws; pulvilli about 1/3 length of claws.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8336A9317BBD4FADD4FA543951F868" blockId="2.[151,1437,402,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">
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Male abdomen (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAC6AFA54398EFA10" box="[377,505,1452,1477]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Figs 11–14</figureCitation>
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): Tergites first through eighth and sternites second through seventh with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, the pair closely approximated on sternites. First through sixth tergites rectangular, all with mostly single, elongate posterior row of setae, many lateral setae near midlength, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales and short setae; seventh tergite trapezoid, foreshortened, lacking the posterior row of setae, otherwise as for preceding tergite; eighth tergite half the width of preceding, setae and scales sparce. Sternites quadrate, second through eighth each with mostly double row of setae along posterior margin, preceded by a more weakly sclerotized area with few short setae and scales, and towards midlength, more large and small setae mixed with scales not extending to pair of trichoid sensilla. Pleura covered with long, narrow scales. Terminalia (
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<figureCitation id="13072A2C317BBD4FAEA9F9503C4AF915" box="[954,1085,1704,1729]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1937,1959]" captionTargetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[229,1344,193,1901]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Helianthecis capitum. 7, Head (frontal, flagella removed). 8, Male third flagellomere (ventral). 9, Female third flagellomere (ventral). 10, Acropod (lateral). 11, Male terminalia (lateral). 12, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal). 13, Same (ventral). 14, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="405">Figs 11–13</figureCitation>
|
||
): cercus ellipsoid, with several mostly ventral setae; hypoproct deeply concave apically, each resulting lobe with single strong seta; lateral part of gonocoxite cylindrical, longer ventrally, mediobasal lobe subdivided, the shorter dorsal section long-microtrichose, ventral section closely clasping aedeagus, covered with shorter microtrichia, with 3–4 apical setae set on raised bases; gonostylus cylindrical, of approximately equal diameter throughout, with scattered setae and entirely covered with microtrichia, tooth apical, much narrower than width of gonostylus, consisting of closely arrayed spines; aedeagus slightly longer than gonocoxal lobes, dorsoventrally narrowed and dorsally recurved apically; gonocoxal apodeme wide, united.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF436621317ABD4EAD84F8933C9CF854" box="[151,1259,1899,1921]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263701/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="406" targetBox="[165,1421,193,1862]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317ABD4EAD84F8933C9CF854" blockId="3.[151,1259,1899,1921]" box="[151,1259,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAD84F8933943F854" bold="true" box="[151,308,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">FIGURES 4–6</emphasis>
|
||
. Wings.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAC9DF89339ECF854" bold="true" box="[398,411,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317ABD4EACB4F8933A08F854" box="[423,639,1899,1921]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EACB4F8933A08F854" box="[423,639,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">Helianthecis capitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAF9FF8933AEFF854" bold="true" box="[652,664,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317ABD4EAFB6F8943B27F854" box="[677,848,1900,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lonicerae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="406" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="russoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAFB6F8943B27F854" box="[677,848,1900,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">Lonicerae russoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAE4FF8933B1EF854" bold="true" box="[860,873,1899,1921]" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">3</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317ABD4EAE65F8933C23F854" box="[886,1108,1899,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Chiosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="3" pageNumber="406" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turgidum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317ABD4EAE65F8933C23F854" box="[886,1108,1899,1921]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="406">Chiosperma turgidum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Line = 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF436621317DBD49AD84F8693BF0F830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263702/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" targetBox="[234,1333,196,1883]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317DBD49AD84F8693BF0F830" blockId="4.[151,1436,1937,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AD84F8693934F872" bold="true" box="[151,323,1937,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">FIGURES 7–14</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317DBD49AC41F8693A5AF872" box="[338,557,1937,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="407" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AC41F8693A5AF872" box="[338,557,1937,1959]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">Helianthecis capitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AF28F8693A3FF872" bold="true" box="[571,584,1937,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">7</emphasis>
|
||
, Head (frontal, flagella removed).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AEA6F8693BB5F872" bold="true" box="[949,962,1937,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">8</emphasis>
|
||
, Male third flagellomere (ventral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49A826F8693D35F872" bold="true" box="[1333,1346,1937,1959]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">9</emphasis>
|
||
, Female third flagellomere (ventral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49ACAAF84839A5F813" bold="true" box="[441,466,1968,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">10</emphasis>
|
||
, Acropod (lateral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AF8EF8483AC4F813" bold="true" box="[669,691,1968,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">11</emphasis>
|
||
, Male terminalia (lateral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AEDAF8483B95F813" bold="true" box="[969,994,1968,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">12</emphasis>
|
||
, Same, one gonopod removed (dorsal).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49A86FF8483DE2F813" bold="true" box="[1404,1429,1968,1990]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">13</emphasis>
|
||
, Same (ventral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317DBD49AC2AF8373925F830" bold="true" box="[313,338,1999,2021]" pageId="4" pageNumber="407">14</emphasis>
|
||
, Male sixth (on left) through eighth abdominal tergites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF436621317CBD48AD84F9EA3A6BF9B0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263703/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="408" targetBox="[165,1432,191,1515]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317CBD48AD84F9EA3A6BF9B0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1554,1637]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48AD84F9EA3927F9FD" bold="true" box="[151,336,1554,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">FIGURES 15–18</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317CBD48AC73F9EA3A4CF9FD" box="[352,571,1554,1576]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="408" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48AC73F9EA3A4CF9FD" box="[352,571,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">Helianthecis capitum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48AF59F9EA3A14F9FD" bold="true" box="[586,611,1554,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">15</emphasis>
|
||
, Female abdomen, sixth segment to cerci (dorsolateral), with details of eighth tergite, fused cerci and seventh sternite.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48AF3EF9C93A31F992" bold="true" box="[557,582,1585,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">16</emphasis>
|
||
, Pupal anterior parts (ventral).
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48AE90F9C93BEBF992" bold="true" box="[899,924,1585,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">17</emphasis>
|
||
, Larval spatula and associated papillae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317CBD48A827F9C93D3AF992" bold="true" box="[1332,1357,1585,1607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">18</emphasis>
|
||
, Larval eighth and terminal segments (dorsal).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317CBD48ADD4F96A3B00F83B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1682,2031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">
|
||
Female abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A2C317CBD48AC8AF96A399AF97E" box="[409,493,1682,1707]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,179,1533]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Helianthecis capitum. 15, Female abdomen, sixth segment to cerci (dorsolateral), with details of eighth tergite, fused cerci and seventh sternite. 16, Pupal anterior parts (ventral). 17, Larval spatula and associated papillae. 18, Larval eighth and terminal segments (dorsal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263703/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="408">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tergites and sternites with anterior pair of trichoid sensilla, closely approximated on sternites; eighth sternite indistinct, with no trace of trichoid sensilla. First through sixth tergites and pleura as in male, except posterior setal row of tergites interrupted medially; seventh tergite quadrate, as long and about half width of sixth, with mostly 2 rows of posterior setae, several setae medially at midlength, otherwise bare except for anterior trichoid sensilla; eighth tergite forked anteriorly, then abruptly tapering and narrow, bare except for anterior trichoid sensillum on each anterior arm and scattered short setae posteriorly. Sternites generally as for male, except no sign of eighth. Pleura covered with long, narrow scales. Ovipositor: elongate, cylindrical, entirely microtrichose, with evenly spaced short setae; protrusible part with thin lateral sclerites, its length (including cerci) about 4.5 times length of seventh tergite; cerci fused, ovoid, evenly covered with setae, several distal setae peglike; hypoproct nearly twice as long as wide, with 2 short, apical setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317FBD4BADD4FF61388DFE95" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BADD4FF613976FF65" box="[199,257,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Pupa</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A2C317FBD4BAC00FF6F391CFF65" box="[275,363,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,179,1533]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Helianthecis capitum. 15, Female abdomen, sixth segment to cerci (dorsolateral), with details of eighth tergite, fused cerci and seventh sternite. 16, Pupal anterior parts (ventral). 17, Larval spatula and associated papillae. 18, Larval eighth and terminal segments (dorsal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263703/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
): Integument hyaline. Antennal bases rounded, not differentially sclerotized or modified into anteriorly pointed projections. Vertex on each side with long seta situated on conspicuously raised base. Face smooth, without lobes, with pair of centrally placed, setose papillae and triplet of short-setose papillae on each side near palpal bases. Prothoracic spiracle short. Abdominal terga, pleura and sterna evenly covered with short spiculae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317FBD4BADD4FEB53D57FE21" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BADD4FEB539E2FEB1" box="[199,405,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Larva, third instar</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13072A2C317FBD4BACB7FEB43A5FFEB1" box="[420,552,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1554,1576]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,191,1515]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[150,1436,179,1533]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Helianthecis capitum. 15, Female abdomen, sixth segment to cerci (dorsolateral), with details of eighth tergite, fused cerci and seventh sternite. 16, Pupal anterior parts (ventral). 17, Larval spatula and associated papillae. 18, Larval eighth and terminal segments (dorsal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/263703/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
|
||
): Cylindrical. Head capsule conical, apodemes less than half length of capsule; antennae about as long as wide. Spatula robust, clove-shaped, with 2 slightly rounded, anterior teeth. Position and number of papillae as in generalized Lasiopteridi (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAD4B58317FBD4BAFE5FE6C3BF5FE79" author="Gagne" box="[758,898,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1989) The Plant-Feeding Gall Midges of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xi + 356 pp." type="book" year="1989">Gagné 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 67) except outer group of lateral papillae on each side of midline lacking the asetose papilla and all setae very short, those on eighth and terminal abdominal segments longer than setae on preceding segments. Integument entirely covered with rounded verrucae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266522317FBD4BADD4FE073AD8FDCD" box="[199,687,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317FBD4BADD4FE073AD8FDCD" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" box="[199,687,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BADD4FE073915FDCD" bold="true" box="[199,354,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Type species,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAC7AFDF83AD8FDCD" authority="Gagne." authorityName="Gagne." box="[361,687,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capitum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAC7AFDF83A20FDC2" box="[361,599,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Helianthecis capitum</emphasis>
|
||
Gagné.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266522317FBD4BADD4FDDC3D7BFDB5" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317FBD4BADD4FDDC3D7BFDB5" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BADD4FDDC3939FDE8" bold="true" box="[199,334,548,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BACD8FDDC3A2EFDE9" box="[459,601,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BACD8FDDC3A2EFDE9" box="[459,601,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Helianthecis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is formed from the host genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAEA5FDDC3C46FDE9" box="[950,1073,548,572]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helianthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAEA5FDDC3C46FDE9" box="[950,1073,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Helianthus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Greek for sunflower) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BA877FDDD3DEBFDE9" box="[1380,1436,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">cecis</emphasis>
|
||
(Greek for gall). The juncture of the two words is truncated to trim a syllable. The gender is feminine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3266522317FBD4BADD4FD943C3FFCC0" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8336A9317FBD4BADD4FD943C3FFCC0" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BADD4FD94394CFD50" bold="true" box="[199,315,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The male and female abdomens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAE07FD943BD6FD51" box="[788,929,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAE07FD943BD6FD51" box="[788,929,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Helianthecis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally similar to some found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAD84FD68395BFD7D" box="[151,300,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Rhopalomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="409" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAD84FD68395BFD7D" box="[151,300,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Rhopalomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the fully developed, apparently functional mouthparts, the strong clove-shaped larval spatula and the nearly full complement of larval papillae show a discontinuous gap between the two genera.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BA9CCFD4C3D1AFD19" box="[1247,1389,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Helianthecis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="403" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BA9CCFD4C3D1AFD19" box="[1247,1389,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Helianthecis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAC7AFD203985FD25" box="[361,498,728,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Chiosperma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="6" pageNumber="403" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAC7AFD203985FD25" box="[361,498,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Chiosperma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3C4D2A317FBD4BAF38FD203AEAFD3A" box="[555,669,728,751]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lonicerae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="403" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B948EABB317FBD4BAF38FD203AEAFD3A" box="[555,669,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="409">Lonicerae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the two other genera described here, by its four-segmented palpus, short pulvilli, elongate ovipositor with fused female cerci, and the ovoid gonostylus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |