227 lines
28 KiB
XML
227 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="C3A2479CE71051A7B6EFC73ED3F28A42" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4525061" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4525061" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612878140317" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lambert, Gretchen" docDate="2003" docId="DB2987AEFFD49125FF6DA0C890C5C7A3" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.25.4.665-679.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 25 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="64A3174DE33E974D4EB6573A0A793B12" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Ciona savignyi Herdman 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="675" masterDocId="2710FFD6FFDE912FFF9BA1619347C406" masterDocTitle="New records of ascidians from the NE Pacific: a new species of Trididemnum, range extension and redescription of Aplidiopsis pannosum (Ritter, 1899) including its larva, and several non-indigenous species" masterLastPageNumber="679" masterPageNumber="665" pageNumber="675" updateTime="1698868785781" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="F38968D7ECA4A29A061F641CBB9E645D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="8C9B2E34C8BF3B0F6189F2C121F9A821">
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<mods:title id="2F58D0909724F118FEC68520F03FD931">New records of ascidians from the NE Pacific: a new species of Trididemnum, range extension and redescription of Aplidiopsis pannosum (Ritter, 1899) including its larva, and several non-indigenous species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="46F5FD85A8CFAF95BC02E34B172C46E2" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="11C45FFE0BD8823556E44B1E697D43AE">
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<mods:roleTerm id="97E4FBD1928570CF7D6C62BFBAF9F60D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="6447A0A7B5A8BD19834E646407D034C0">Lambert, Gretchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B4A3EA85791A60F71CD33FF65333523">University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 (USA) Address for correspondence: 12001 Ave., NW, Seattle, WA 98177 glambert @ fullerton. edu.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E979F5B8FE3E2CAD3B3AC1A8E1706E19" type="email">glambert@fullerton.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8C3D4E4294A275BB1676D5F84705F69D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C2C09802404EFC7E3ACC64184F7518EC">
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<mods:title id="FE71067D1177296EC0F5A6AD5CCA8C15">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8BA7C118014A9B2BAA8AB51A787C5E79">
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<mods:date id="C8D63B401137E9CA8A5238F578EC056A">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FFBA2A4AC8FDD47126751949C9AEADAF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="96A4E2587E509ED4A8F708F8ADBFB2B9">25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="BF0835E06F5E334A308059179D82A209" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="5C577716CB51EFAAE331209D333DBFEF">4</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="756920B34D2EF3317068D51DF61CB71B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C20019E57E9D7C02E1A0824A98E018AC">665</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="CD3B7F6311826321B5C9E887EEBF96AE">679</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="C552B0AD4FA23C4FDC98EED596C052CE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4525061</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0F35F459580FF3B37E32CB7A73912C1A" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9F17D5E9823A65AF19228E0EC31994EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">4525061</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DB2987AEFFD49125FF6DA0C890C5C7A3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525253" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4525253" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DB2987AEFFD49125FF6DA0C890C5C7A3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2987AEFFD49125FF6DA0C890C5C7A3" lastPageNumber="675" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<subSubSection id="1B9A6533FFD49125FF6DA0C8910AC5C3" box="[246,589,425,453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF6DA0C8910AC5C3" blockId="10.[246,589,425,453]" box="[246,589,425,453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<heading id="087781D4FFD49125FF6DA0C8910AC5C3" box="[246,589,425,453]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FF6DA0C8910AC5C3" authority="Herdman, 1882" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[246,589,425,453]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FF6DA0C892D0C5C5" bold="true" box="[246,407,425,451]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Ciona savignyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FE05A0CA910AC5C3" author="HERDMAN W. A." box="[414,589,427,453]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref8979" refString="HERDMAN W. A. 1882. - Report on the Tunicata collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I: Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger 6: 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Herdman, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9A6533FFD49125FF0CA09392D7C677" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA09392D7C677" blockId="10.[151,685,498,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="73901196FFD49125FF0CA09392D7C677" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<treatmentCitation id="D22110A9FFD49125FF0CA09392B9C60D" author="HERDMAN W. A." box="[151,510,498,523]" page="236" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" year="1882">
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FF0CA09392B9C60D" authority="Herdman, 1882: 236" authorityName="Herdman" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1882" box="[151,510,498,523]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FF0CA0939265C60C" box="[151,290,498,522]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Ciona savignyi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FEB2A09292B9C60D" author="HERDMAN W. A." box="[297,510,499,523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="1 - 285" refId="ref8979" refString="HERDMAN W. A. 1882. - Report on the Tunicata collected during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Part I: Ascidiae simplices. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger 6: 1 - 285." type="journal article" year="1882">Herdman, 1882: 236</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 237 (
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<typeStatus id="8C3B881AFFD49125FDA5A092912EC60D" box="[574,617,499,523]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="2B977628FFD49125FF2DA36C93B5C623" box="[182,242,525,549]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Japan</collectingCountry>
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). —
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<treatmentCitation id="D22110A9FFD49125FEBAA36C91C7C623" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." box="[289,640,525,549]" page="69" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FEBAA36C91C7C623" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." box="[289,640,525,549]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="61 - 79" refId="ref9033" refString="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T. 1985. - Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and its allies. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 30: 61 - 79." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoshino & Nishikawa 1985: 69-71</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1D-G, 3. —
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<treatmentCitation id="D22110A9FFD49125FEB8A34792BCC638" author="NISHIKAWA T." box="[291,507,550,574]" page="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FEB8A34792BCC638" author="NISHIKAWA T." box="[291,507,550,574]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref9624" refString="NISHIKAWA T. 1991. - The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 35: 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa 1991: 33</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. — Cohen
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FDE2A34491EAC638" box="[633,685,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">et al.</emphasis>
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1998: 31, 33. —
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<treatmentCitation id="D22110A9FFD49125FED8A35E91EFC651" author="LAMBERT C. C. & LAMBERT G." box="[323,680,575,599]" page="675" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" year="1998">
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FED8A35E91EFC651" author="LAMBERT C. C. & LAMBERT G." box="[323,680,575,599]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="675 - 688" refId="ref9254" refString="LAMBERT C. C. & LAMBERT G. 1998. - Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology 130: 675 - 688." type="journal article" year="1998">Lambert & Lambert 1998: 675-688</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="D22110A9FFD49125FF2CA33892CBC677" author="MILLS C. & COHEN A. N. & BERRY H. K. & WONHAM M. J. & BINGHAM B. & BOOKHEIM B. & CARLTON J. T. & CHAPMAN J. W. & CORDELL J. & HARRIS L. H. & KLINGER T. & KOHN A. J. & LAMBERT C. & LAMBERT G. & LI K. & SECORD D. L. & TOFT J." box="[183,396,600,625]" page="135" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FF2CA33892CBC677" author="MILLS C. & COHEN A. N. & BERRY H. K. & WONHAM M. J. & BINGHAM B. & BOOKHEIM B. & CARLTON J. T. & CHAPMAN J. W. & CORDELL J. & HARRIS L. H. & KLINGER T. & KOHN A. J. & LAMBERT C. & LAMBERT G. & LI K. & SECORD D. L. & TOFT J." box="[183,396,600,625]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref9422" refString="MILLS C., COHEN A. N., BERRY H. K., WONHAM M. J., BINGHAM B., BOOKHEIM B., CARLTON J. T., CHAPMAN J. W., CORDELL J., HARRIS L. H., KLINGER T., KOHN A. J., LAMBERT C., LAMBERT G., LI K., SECORD D. L. & TOFT J. 2000. - The 1998 Puget Sound Expedition: a shallow-water rapid assessment survey for nonindigenous species, with comparisons to San Francisco Bay, in PEDERSON J. (ed.), Marine Bioinvasions. Proceedings of a Conference January 24 - 27, 1999. MIT Sea Grant College Program, Cambridge, MA: 130 - 138." type="book chapter" year="2000">
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Mills
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FF74A3399259C677" box="[239,286,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">et al.</emphasis>
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2000: 135
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9A6533FFD49125FF0CA3E19218C1BF" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA3E192A7C6F8" blockId="10.[151,685,498,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FF0CA3E19221C690" box="[151,358,640,663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">MATERIAL EXAMINED</collectionCode>
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. —
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FE0EA3E0928DC69F" bold="true" box="[405,458,641,665]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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<collectingCountry id="2B977628FFD49125FE0EA3E09280C69F" box="[405,455,641,665]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">USA</collectingCountry>
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.
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</emphasis>
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S of Seattle, WA, Des Moines Marina, on ropes on covered floating docks,
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<quantity id="94789B5DFFD49125FF0CA3D59383C6CC" box="[151,196,691,716]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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, C. Lambert coll.,
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<date id="273E1078FFD49125FE0EA3D5915BC6CA" box="[405,540,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" value="1998-09-01" valueMax="1998-09-08" valueMin="1998-09-01">1-8.IX.1998</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="4586FD31FFD49125FDB1A3D591EBC6CA" box="[554,684,692,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FF05A3AC93A0C6E3" box="[158,231,717,741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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162514),
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<specimenCount id="4586FD31FFD49125FEC9A3AC928CC6E3" box="[338,459,717,741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FE41A3AC9161C6E3" box="[474,550,717,741]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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1006927),
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<specimenCount id="4586FD31FFD49125FD04A3AC93BDC6F8" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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(
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FE93A387921BC6F8" box="[264,348,742,766]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">MNHN</collectionCode>
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P1
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FE18A38792F6C6F8" box="[387,433,742,766]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">CIO</collectionCode>
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77).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA39E93A2C74C" blockId="10.[151,685,498,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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Puget Sound, WA, Brownsville Yacht Club float,
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<date id="273E1078FFD49125FF0CA2789251C737" box="[151,278,793,817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" value="1998-09-10">10.IX.1998</date>
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, 3 large specimens in sabellid/mussel clumps.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA22A913AC77B" blockId="10.[151,685,498,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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N of Seattle, Edmonds Marina, on covered floating docks,
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<date id="273E1078FFD49125FF40A2049268C77B" box="[219,303,869,893]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" value="1999-09">IX.1999</date>
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, numerous individuals of all sizes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA21C9218C1BF" blockId="10.[151,685,498,1465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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Tacoma, WA, Yacht Club adjacent to Pt Defiance ferry dock, only on covered floats,
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<date id="273E1078FFD49125FE71A2F99119C7B6" box="[490,606,920,944]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" value="2001-09-23">23.IX.2001</date>
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, many. DISTRIBUTION. —
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FECEA2DE92A5C7D0" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[341,482,959,982]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FECEA2DE92A5C7D0" box="[341,482,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Ciona savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is apparently native to
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<collectingCountry id="2B977628FFD49125FF29A2B893AEC7F6" box="[178,233,985,1008]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Japan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FF6CA2B892D9C7F7" author="NISHIKAWA T." box="[247,414,985,1009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="25 - 170" refId="ref9624" refString="NISHIKAWA T. 1991. - The ascidians of the Japan Sea. II. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 35: 25 - 170." type="journal article" year="1991">Nishikawa 1991</bibRefCitation>
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). It was first recorded from the Pacific coast of North America (as
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FDBEA293920DC022" authority="(Linnaeus, 1767))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FDBEA29391EBC00D" box="[549,684,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. intestinalis</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1767))
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FEE8A56D92BFC022" author="RITTER W. E." box="[371,504,1036,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="427 - 505" refId="ref9867" refString="RITTER W. E. 1913. - The simple ascidians from the northeastern Pacific in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the US National Museum 45: 427 - 505." type="journal article" year="1913">Ritter (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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from a collection made in
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<quantity id="94789B5DFFD49125FF77A544927EC03B" box="[236,313,1061,1085]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.83362" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" unit="in" value="1903.0">1903 in</quantity>
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Loring,
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<collectingRegion id="9144F85AFFD49125FE16A544928BC03B" box="[397,460,1061,1085]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FE42A5449163C03B" box="[473,548,1061,1085]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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5633). A second specimen (American Museum of Natural History 1427) was collected from British Columbia in 1937 (also identified as
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FEEBA511914AC08F" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[368,525,1136,1161]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FEEBA511914AC08F" box="[368,525,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. intestinalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FDB1A510921FC0A5" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="61 - 79" refId="ref9033" refString="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T. 1985. - Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and its allies. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 30: 61 - 79." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoshino & Nishikawa (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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reexamined these two museum specimens and determined that they were actually
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FD0EA5C293A2C0D2" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FD0EA5C293A2C0D2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FF6EA5DC9150C0D3" author="LAMBERT C. C. & LAMBERT G." box="[245,535,1213,1237]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="675 - 688" refId="ref9254" refString="LAMBERT C. C. & LAMBERT G. 1998. - Non-indigenous ascidians in southern California harbors and marinas. Marine Biology 130: 675 - 688." type="journal article" year="1998">Lambert & Lambert (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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first noted
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FD0EA5DD93A6C0EB" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FD0EA5DD93A6C0EB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the
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<collectingCountry id="2B977628FFD49125FEA9A5B69216C0E9" box="[306,337,1239,1263]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">US</collectingCountry>
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west coast in
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<quantity id="94789B5DFFD49125FE7BA5B69169C0E9" box="[480,558,1239,1263]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0419" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" unit="in" value="1985.0">1985 in</quantity>
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Long Beach Harbor,
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<collectionCode id="3591AE7DFFD49125FF75A5919254C10E" box="[238,275,1264,1288]" country="USA" name="Chicago Academy of Sciences" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="Museum">CA</collectionCode>
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. Their first Pacific NW sightings were at Des Moines Marina south of Seattle in 1998, where the species was very abundant (A. Cohen
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FDA0A443912BC13D" box="[571,620,1314,1339]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">et al.</emphasis>
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1998;
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FF0CA45D927DC152" author="MILLS C. & COHEN A. N. & BERRY H. K. & WONHAM M. J. & BINGHAM B. & BOOKHEIM B. & CARLTON J. T. & CHAPMAN J. W. & CORDELL J. & HARRIS L. H. & KLINGER T. & KOHN A. J. & LAMBERT C. & LAMBERT G. & LI K. & SECORD D. L. & TOFT J." box="[151,314,1339,1364]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref9422" refString="MILLS C., COHEN A. N., BERRY H. K., WONHAM M. J., BINGHAM B., BOOKHEIM B., CARLTON J. T., CHAPMAN J. W., CORDELL J., HARRIS L. H., KLINGER T., KOHN A. J., LAMBERT C., LAMBERT G., LI K., SECORD D. L. & TOFT J. 2000. - The 1998 Puget Sound Expedition: a shallow-water rapid assessment survey for nonindigenous species, with comparisons to San Francisco Bay, in PEDERSON J. (ed.), Marine Bioinvasions. Proceedings of a Conference January 24 - 27, 1999. MIT Sea Grant College Program, Cambridge, MA: 130 - 138." type="book chapter" year="2000">
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Mills
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FF54A45A93B9C152" box="[207,254,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">et al.</emphasis>
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2000
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Though absent in 1998 at Edmonds Marina north of Seattle, it appeared there in large numbers in 1999. It remains abundant at these two marinas and now extends south to Tacoma (unpublished observations).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9A6533FFD49125FF0CA48B9054C6E3" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="description">
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA48B926FC204" blockId="10.[151,684,1514,1669]" box="[151,296,1514,1540]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FF0CA76A9054C6E3" blockId="10.[151,684,1514,1669]" lastBlockId="10.[714,1247,170,741]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">
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See
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FF5FA76A9156C223" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." box="[196,529,1547,1573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="61 - 79" refId="ref9033" refString="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T. 1985. - Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and its allies. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 30: 61 - 79." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoshino & Nishikawa (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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for a detailed comparison of
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FEDDA74B9285C245" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[326,450,1578,1604]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FEDDA74B9285C245" box="[326,450,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FD92A74B91E3C243" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[521,676,1578,1605]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FD92A74B91E3C243" box="[521,676,1578,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. intestinalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Individuals are long and slender (up to
|
|
<quantity id="94789B5DFFD49125FDCEA72A91D8C262" box="[597,671,1610,1637]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
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), with usually five (but may be four to six) strong longitudinal muscle bands on each side showing through the translucent yellowish/green tunic. White pigment flecks are scattered in the body wall. As indicated by
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FC4BA06A905EC543" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="61 - 79" refId="ref9033" refString="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T. 1985. - Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and its allies. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 30: 61 - 79." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoshino & Nishikawa (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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for this species, there is no endostylar appendage at the base of the endostyle and no red pigment spot at the end of the sperm duct, though both are present in
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<collectingCountry id="2B977628FFD49125FC67A0EA9758C5A3" box="[1020,1055,395,421]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">US</collectingCountry>
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west coast
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<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FB04A0EB907EC5C3" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1767" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
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<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FB04A0EB907EC5C3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">Ciona intestinalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Also agreeing with the description by
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<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FD51A0AA975DC5E3" author="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T." box="[714,1050,459,485]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="61 - 79" refId="ref9033" refString="HOSHINO Z. - I. & NISHIKAWA T. 1985. - Taxonomic studies of Ciona intestinalis (L.) and its allies. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 30: 61 - 79." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoshino & Nishikawa (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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, there is a pair of large pharyngeo-epicardiac openings very close to the opening of the esophagus, one on each side of the mid-ventral line. The siphons, both anterior, are long and divergent. The oocyte follicle cells of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FD51A30B900EC685" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1882" box="[714,841,618,644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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|
<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FD51A30B900EC685" box="[714,841,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. savignyi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
contain multiple small refringent droplets as compared with the single droplet per follicle cell in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="94804D3BFFD49125FCEAA3CB9048C6E3" authority="(Byrd & Lambert 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Byrd & Lambert" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Ascidiacea" family="Cionidae" genus="Ciona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intestinalis">
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|
<emphasis id="61F4EAAAFFD49125FCEAA3CB974DC6C3" box="[881,1034,682,709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">C. intestinalis</emphasis>
|
|
(
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|
<bibRefCitation id="37114B49FFD49125FB87A3CA9040C6E3" author="BYRD J. & LAMBERT C. C." pageId="10" pageNumber="675" pagination="109 - 116" refId="ref8483" refString="BYRD J. & LAMBERT C. C. 2000. - Mechanism of the block to hybridization and selfing between the sympatric ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Ciona savignyi. Molecular Reproduction and Development 55: 109 - 116." type="journal article" year="2000">Byrd & Lambert 2000</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1B9A6533FFD49125FD51A26B90C5C7A3" pageId="10" pageNumber="675" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FD51A26B9069C724" blockId="10.[714,1247,778,933]" box="[714,814,778,804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">REMARKS</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="533F36B8FFD49125FD51A24A90C5C7A3" blockId="10.[714,1247,778,933]" pageId="10" pageNumber="675">This species favors shaded locations such as covered floats. Even if it is abundant on these surfaces it is nearly always absent from adjacent uncovered floats.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |