252 lines
22 KiB
XML
252 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0179555" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc" ID-PMC="PMC5526618" ID-PubMed="28742835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4251352" approvedBy="poa" checkinTime="1604676189431" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Voon-Ching Lim, Rosli Ramli, Subha Bhassu & John-James Wilson" docDate="2017" docId="03F3F77FFFB0FFACFDB4D47DBA79F8A2" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSOne.12.7.e0179555.pdf.imf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 12 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Nyctalus noctula" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFCA8F07FF9EFF82FF81D072BF4BFFA2" masterDocTitle="A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library" masterLastPageNumber="65" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668143238971" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A checklist of the bats of Peninsular Malaysia and progress towards a DNA barcode reference library</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Voon-Ching Lim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">voonchinglim@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rosli Ramli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Subha Bhassu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>John-James Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>International College Beijing, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilso04@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-25</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>65</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1371/journal.pone.0179555</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6ea2cc5c-857b-4b47-8135-8bff7efbd1fc</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC5526618</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">28742835</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4251352</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4343607" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168816065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4343607" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F3F77FFFB0FFACFDB4D47DBA79F8A2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3F77FFFB0FFACFDB4D47DBA79F8A2" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection box="[565,960,1039,1064]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" box="[565,960,1039,1064]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading box="[565,960,1039,1064]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[565,747,1039,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,747,1039,1063]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[Schreber, 1774] (?)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authority="Schreber, 1774: 166" authorityName="Schreber" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1774" box="[565,983,1074,1098]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Vespertilios" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[565,769,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Vespertilios noctula</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2960680312" box="[774,983,1074,1098]" country="France" location="FRANCE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="1">Schreber, 1774: 166</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pl. 52;
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<collectingCountry box="[1062,1163,1074,1098]" name="France" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FRANCE</collectingCountry>
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(Collector unknown;
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<typeStatus box="[1397,1450,1074,1098]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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unknown) [
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<bibRefCitation author="Schreber JC" box="[660,698,1109,1133]" journalOrPublisher="Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, vol 1. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref46218" refString="202. Schreber JC. Die Saugethiere. Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, vol 1. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. 1775." title="Die Saugethiere" type="book" year="1775">202</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" box="[565,781,1143,1168]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[565,739,1143,1167]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[565,739,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nyctalus noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Chasen FN" box="[754,767,1144,1168]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Raffles Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38037" refString="8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940." title="A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands)" type="book" year="1940">8</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[565,1023,1178,1202]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" box="[565,1023,1178,1202]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,834,1178,1202]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Common English name:</emphasis>
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Eurasian Noctule
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,832,1213,1237]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Barcode Index Number:</emphasis>
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DNA barcodes recorded as
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1130,1238,1213,1237]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[1130,1149,1213,1236]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1160,1238,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are associated with
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<collectionCode box="[1449,1495,1213,1237]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BIN</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[533,605,1248,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">BOLD</collectionCode>
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:
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<collectionCode box="[608,664,1248,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">AAC</collectionCode>
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7411, but there are no DNA barcodes from Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1243,1340,1248,1272]" name="Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,669,1282,1306]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Chasen [
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<bibRefCitation author="Chasen FN" box="[770,783,1282,1306]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Raffles Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38037" refString="8. Chasen FN. A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands). Bulletin of the Raffles Museum; 1940." title="A handlist of Malaysian mammals (A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands)" type="book" year="1940">8</bibRefCitation>
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] suggested that the species in Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1220,1314,1282,1306]" name="Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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may represents
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<emphasis box="[1487,1506,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[533,547,1318,1341]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[559,739,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">labiate = labiatus</emphasis>
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Hodgson, 1835 (
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<typeStatus box="[920,967,1317,1341]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
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locality =
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<collectingCountry box="[1077,1142,1317,1341]" name="Nepal" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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) which also occurs in
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<collectingCountry box="[1375,1465,1317,1341]" name="Pakistan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry box="[533,589,1352,1376]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Corbet GB & Hill JE" box="[605,618,1352,1376]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford: Oxford University Press" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38080" refString="9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992." title="The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review" type="book" year="1992">9</bibRefCitation>
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].
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<emphasis box="[638,657,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[669,683,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">n</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[695,777,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">labiatus</emphasis>
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is considered to be morphologically distinct from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1311,1420,1351,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[1311,1330,1352,1375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1342,1420,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and therefore, should be raised as a species [
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<bibRefCitation author="Csorba G & Hutson AM" box="[899,937,1386,1410]" journalOrPublisher="Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" part="2016" refId="ref46243" refString="203. Csorba G, Hutson AM. Nyctalus noctula; 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 14920 A 22015682 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 2. RLTS. T 14920 A 22015682. en." title="Nyctalus noctula; 2016 [cited" type="journal article" year="2017">203</bibRefCitation>
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]. The records of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1118,1227,1386,1410]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[1118,1137,1387,1410]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1149,1227,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1411,1507,1386,1410]" name="Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, if valid, may be referable to
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<emphasis box="[805,906,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">“labiatus”</emphasis>
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or
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<emphasis box="[943,1036,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">“plancyi”</emphasis>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Csorba G & Hutson AM" box="[1053,1091,1421,1445]" journalOrPublisher="Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" part="2016" refId="ref46243" refString="203. Csorba G, Hutson AM. Nyctalus noctula; 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 16]. Database: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T 14920 A 22015682 [Internet]. Available from: http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2016 - 2. RLTS. T 14920 A 22015682. en." title="Nyctalus noctula; 2016 [cited" type="journal article" year="2017">203</bibRefCitation>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" box="[565,870,1456,1480]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,710,1456,1480]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">IUCN status:</emphasis>
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Least Concern
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[565,705,1490,1514]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Recorded at:</emphasis>
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There is only one record of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1003,1111,1490,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[1003,1022,1491,1514]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1033,1111,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this region which is an old skin dated 1838 purchased in
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<collectingCountry box="[798,905,1525,1549]" name="Singapore" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Dobson GE" box="[920,958,1525,1549]" journalOrPublisher="London: Bristish Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref46314" refString="204. Dobson GE. Catalogue of Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: Bristish Museum; 1878." title="Catalogue of Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum" type="book" year="1878">204</bibRefCitation>
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] but its origin remains doubtful [
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<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1314,1339,1525,1549]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
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]. Based on the purchased skin, Dobson [
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<bibRefCitation author="Dobson GE" box="[805,843,1560,1584]" journalOrPublisher="London: Bristish Museum" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref46314" refString="204. Dobson GE. Catalogue of Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. London: Bristish Museum; 1878." title="Catalogue of Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum" type="book" year="1878">204</bibRefCitation>
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] included Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1077,1171,1560,1584]" name="Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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in the distribution range of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
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<emphasis box="[1469,1488,1560,1583]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[533,611,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which was followed by Corbet and Hill [
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<bibRefCitation author="Corbet GB & Hill JE" box="[1049,1062,1594,1618]" journalOrPublisher="Oxford: Oxford University Press" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38080" refString="9. Corbet GB, Hill JE. The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992." title="The mammals of the Indomalayan region: a systematic review" type="book" year="1992">9</bibRefCitation>
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] and Medway [
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<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1229,1254,1594,1618]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
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]. We could not find recent records for the species although it is thought to occur in Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[1322,1416,1629,1653]" name="Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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[
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<bibRefCitation author="Davison GW & Zubaid A." box="[1431,1444,1629,1653]" journalOrPublisher="Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="3 - 27" refId="ref37723" refString="1. Davison GW, Zubaid A. The status of mammalian biodiversity in Malaysia. Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Forest Research Institute Malaysia; 2007. pp. 3 - 27." title="The status of mammalian biodiversity in Malaysia. Status of Biological Diversity in Malaysia and Threat Assessment of Plant Species in Malaysia" type="book chapter" year="2007">1</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="DWNP" box="[1455,1480,1629,1653]" journalOrPublisher="Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38107" refString="10. DWNP. Red list of mammals for Peninsular Malaysia. Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia; 2010." title="Red list of mammals for Peninsular Malaysia" type="book" year="2010">10</bibRefCitation>
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]. We found two old records which reported two specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bowditch" authorityYear="1825" box="[1175,1264,1663,1687]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1175,1264,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Nyctalus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. in a National Park,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[533,616,1698,1722]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[533,616,1698,1722]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pahang</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
[
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Yatim SH & Baatu Z & Saaidun KA & Marzuki MI" box="[632,657,1698,1722]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="65 - 91" part="4" refId="ref41580" refString="87. Yatim SH, Baatu Z, Saaidun KA, Marzuki MI. Survey of mammals and bird species in six different habitats: mangrove, lowland dipterocarp, hill dipterocarp, upper dipterocarp, montane oak and montane ericaceous forest. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1985; 4: 65 - 91." title="Survey of mammals and bird species in six different habitats: mangrove, lowland dipterocarp, hill dipterocarp, upper dipterocarp, montane oak and montane ericaceous forest" type="journal article" year="1985">87</bibRefCitation>
|
|
] and Ulu Langat Forest Reserve,
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1009,1106,1698,1722]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<collectingRegion box="[1009,1106,1698,1722]" country="Malaysia" name="Selangor" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Selangor</collectingRegion>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
[
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Yatim SH" box="[1121,1146,1698,1722]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Wildlife and Parks." pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="119 - 140" part="2" refId="ref41637" refString="88. Yatim SH. A preliminary survey on inventory habitat and wildlife in the Ulu Langat Forest Reserve and Sungai Dusun Game Reserve. Journal of Wildlife and Parks. 1983; 2: 119 - 140." title="A preliminary survey on inventory habitat and wildlife in the Ulu Langat Forest Reserve and Sungai Dusun Game Reserve" type="journal article" year="1983">88</bibRefCitation>
|
|
]. However, there are no specimens deposited in the DWNP collection.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection box="[565,1330,1767,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="46.[533,1536,1039,1792]" box="[565,1330,1767,1792]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Schreber" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[565,674,1767,1792]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Nyctalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="noctula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[565,584,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">N</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis box="[596,674,1767,1791]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">noctula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
roosts in tree hollows and forages high above canopy [
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Francis CM" box="[1252,1277,1768,1792]" journalOrPublisher="New Holland Publishers" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38235" refString="14. Francis CM. A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers; 2008." title="A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia" type="book" year="2008">14</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Medway L." box="[1290,1315,1768,1792]" journalOrPublisher="London: Oxford University Press" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref38724" refString="23. Medway L. The wild mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969." title="The wild mammals of Malaya" type="book" year="1969">23</bibRefCitation>
|
|
].
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |