329 lines
31 KiB
XML
329 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791760" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6183f557-d88b-466e-81ea-549149b529cb" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163977359" ID-ISSN="1313–2970" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791760" checkinTime="1587980814297" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Knoflach, Barbara, Rollard, Christine & Thaler, Konrad" docDate="2009" docId="03F387D5FFE7FF9A06E4FA3CCF1CFEFD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZK_article_2018.pdf" docOrigin="ZooKeys 16 (16)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A:zookeys.2008.journal_article" docStyleId="BEF2356135E79670CA200BCAD40C4E3A" docStyleName="zookeys.2008.journal_article" docTitle="Theridula aelleni" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="260" masterDocId="FFCAFFADFFF9FFBB0668FF80CE62FFD7" masterDocTitle="Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) – II" masterLastPageNumber="264" masterPageNumber="227" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" updateTime="1636539309459" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Notes on Mediterranean Theridiidae (Araneae) – II</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knoflach, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck ,, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rollard, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris ,, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Thaler, Konrad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck ,, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-07-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>264</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.16.237</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">6183f557-d88b-466e-81ea-549149b529cb</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1313–2970</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576484</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3791760" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163977359" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3791760" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387D5FFE7FF9A06E4FA3CCF1CFEFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387D5FFE7FF9A06E4FA3CCF1CFEFD" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection box="[140,742,1468,1495]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="30.[140,742,1468,1530]" box="[140,742,1468,1495]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<heading box="[140,742,1468,1495]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" reason="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,742,1468,1495]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Hubert, 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Hubert" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[140,534,1468,1495]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,343,1468,1495]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Theridula aelleni</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubert" box="[359,525,1468,1494]" firstAuthor="Hubert" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref16099" refString="Hubert M (1970) Araignees capturees dans des grottes de Tunisie et description de deux especes nouvelles. Revue suisse de Zoologie 77 (1): 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Hubert, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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stat. n., comb. n.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[140,260,1504,1530]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="30.[140,742,1468,1530]" box="[140,260,1504,1530]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<figureCitation box="[140,260,1504,1530]" captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Figs 80-84</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[140,1108,1575,1671]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<treatmentCitationGroup pageId="30" pageNumber="257">
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<treatmentCitation author="Hubert M" box="[140,554,1575,1601]" page="190" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" year="1970">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hubert, 1970: 190" authorityName="Hubert" authorityPageNumber="190" authorityYear="1970" box="[140,554,1575,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
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<emphasis box="[140,326,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Theridion aelleni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubert" box="[334,554,1575,1601]" firstAuthor="Hubert" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref16099" refString="Hubert M (1970) Araignees capturees dans des grottes de Tunisie et description de deux especes nouvelles. Revue suisse de Zoologie 77 (1): 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Hubert, 1970: 190</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 1-4, male female,
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<typeStatus box="[820,868,1575,1601]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry box="[973,1059,1575,1601]" name="Tunisia" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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, Gr. des Chauves-Souris, El-Haouaria,
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<date box="[583,704,1610,1636]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" value="1967-03-10">3.10.1967</date>
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. Resurrected from synonymy with
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<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1876" box="[185,400,1645,1671]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinitarse">
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<emphasis box="[185,400,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">Theridion spinitarse</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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O. P.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Cambridge" box="[472,673,1645,1671]" firstAuthor="Cambridge" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" pagination="541 - 630" refId="ref15337" refString="Cambridge OP (1876) Catalogue of a collection of spiders made in Egypt, with descriptions of new species and characters of a new genus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1876: 541 - 630." type="journal article" year="1876">Cambridge, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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(contra
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<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli" box="[769,930,1645,1671]" firstAuthor="Brignoli" pageId="30" pageNumber="257" pagination="281 - 321" refId="ref15280" refString="Brignoli PM (1984) Ragni di Grecia XII. Nuovi dati su varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 91 (2): 281 - 321." type="journal article" year="1984">Brignoli 1984</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[951,1056,1645,1671]" pageId="30" pageNumber="257">comb. n.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="258" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,436,166,193]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis box="[140,198,167,193]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Type</emphasis>
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material examined.
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</emphasis>
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Female
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<typeStatus box="[534,636,167,193]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">holotype</typeStatus>
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, male
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<typeStatus box="[712,804,167,193]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">allotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[817,915,167,193]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" type="Museum">MHNG</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[927,1013,167,193]" name="Tunisia" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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, Gr. des Chauves-Souris, El Haouaria,
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<date box="[489,609,202,228]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" value="1967-03-10">3.10.1967</date>
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, leg. P. Strinati, M. Frainier and V. Aellen, det. M. Hubert 1969.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,595,272,298]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis box="[185,276,272,298]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Further</emphasis>
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material examined.
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<collectingCountry box="[520,590,272,298]" name="Spain" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Spain</collectingCountry>
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:
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</emphasis>
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Cadiz, Embalse de Palmones,
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<specimenCount box="[943,980,272,299]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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(in collection J. van Keer),
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<date box="[342,462,307,333]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" value="1994-03-16">16.3.1994</date>
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, leg. J. van Keer.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="258" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" box="[185,694,342,369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,511,342,368]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis box="[185,330,342,368]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Description</emphasis>
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||
, identification.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Hubert" box="[519,690,343,369]" firstAuthor="Hubert" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref16099" refString="Hubert M (1970) Araignees capturees dans des grottes de Tunisie et description de deux especes nouvelles. Revue suisse de Zoologie 77 (1): 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Hubert (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,357,378,404]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Measurements</emphasis>
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||
(n=3,
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<typeStatus box="[438,537,378,404]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">holotype</typeStatus>
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female/
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<typeStatus box="[640,729,378,404]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">allotype</typeStatus>
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male/ female from
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<collectingCountry box="[961,1030,378,405]" name="Spain" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Spain</collectingCountry>
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): Total length 2.4/2.0/3.2, carapace length 1.0/0.9/1.1, width 0.9/0.8/1.0, length femur I 1.3/1.4/1.5, tibia I 1.2/1.3/
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||
<quantity box="[451,545,448,475]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,551,483,509]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis box="[185,282,483,509]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Somatic</emphasis>
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features, colouration.
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</emphasis>
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Specimens from
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<collectingCountry box="[756,838,483,509]" name="Tunisia" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
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uniformly pale yellow, probably faded (but see
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Hubert" box="[407,560,519,545]" firstAuthor="Hubert" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref16099" refString="Hubert M (1970) Araignees capturees dans des grottes de Tunisie et description de deux especes nouvelles. Revue suisse de Zoologie 77 (1): 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Hubert 1970</bibRefCitation>
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). The female from Cadiz shows an indistinct pattern: Carapace light brown with faint dusky margins and median band. Sternum dusky grey. Legs uniformly pale yellowish. Abdomen grey, with three pairs of pale transverse, oval patches, arranged in diagonal paramedian rows. Venter uniformly grey. Spinnerets contrastingly light. Male chelicerae longer than in female. Abdomen globular, a little longer than wide, without protuberances. For further details see
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<bibRefCitation author="Hubert" box="[867,1039,695,721]" firstAuthor="Hubert" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" pagination="189 - 195" refId="ref16099" refString="Hubert M (1970) Araignees capturees dans des grottes de Tunisie et description de deux especes nouvelles. Revue suisse de Zoologie 77 (1): 189 - 195." type="journal article" year="1970">Hubert (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,301,730,756]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
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<emphasis box="[185,244,730,756]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Male</emphasis>
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palp
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[314,436,730,756]" captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Figs 80-82</figureCitation>
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||
). Tibia rather asymmetrical, retrolaterally fairly extended (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
|
||
), but prolaterally excavated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[490,572,765,791]" captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
), its distal rim in ventral-prolateral view oblique and almost reaching patella (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[463,546,800,826]" captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Fig. 81</figureCitation>
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||
). Two trichobothria present on retrolateral side of tibia. Cymbium elongate and slender, its base occupying prolateral side of palp, where it is markedly incised. Cymbial hood in dorsal-median position. Subtegulum and tegulum constitute the main part of genital bulb and are densely crossed by wide loops of sperm duct. The embolus forms a straight element inserted deeply within the tegulum. Subtegulum with strongly protruding sclerotised basal shaft, which is embedded within a cavity and surrounded by a noticeably developed basal haematodocha. Distal part of embolus conspicuously screwed. Embolar base encircled by a membranous apophysis, which interlocks with cymbial hood and thus is interpreted as the median apophysis.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,384,1117,1143]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,310,1117,1143]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Epigynum</emphasis>
|
||
/vulva
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[400,528,1117,1143]" captionStart="Figures 80-84" captionStartId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" captionTargetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[140,1108,394,1568]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figures 80-84. Theridula aelleni (Hubert) from Tunisia. Male palp, retrolateral (80), ventral (81), prolateral view (82). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (83), dorsal view (84). 80-82 and 83-84 drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (80-82) and 0.10 mm (83-84)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Figs 83-84</figureCitation>
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||
). Copulatory orifices roughly circular, ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1015,1107,1117,1144]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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||
wide, with marked, sclerotised outlines. They are clearly separate, but less than their diameter apart. Their distance to epigastric furrow equals about their diameter. Copulatory ducts rather short, forming a small coil, at entrance rather wide, narrowing towards receptacula. Receptacula seminis barely larger than copulatory orifices.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="260" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[140,1108,166,1672]" lastBlockId="32.[140,1108,167,369]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,659,1293,1319]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,318,1293,1319]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" reason="1">Taxonomic</emphasis>
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||
remarks, generic placement.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The former synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubert" authorityYear="1970" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Theridion aelleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1876" box="[249,382,1329,1354]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinitarse">
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,382,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">T. spinitarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brignoli" box="[427,667,1328,1354]" firstAuthor="Brignoli" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" pagination="281 - 321" refId="ref15280" refString="Brignoli PM (1984) Ragni di Grecia XII. Nuovi dati su varie famiglie (Araneae). Revue suisse de Zoologie 91 (2): 281 - 321." type="journal article" year="1984">Brignoli (1984: 301)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was concluded from illustrations only and cannot be supported here. Along with the present analysis of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[911,959,1364,1390]" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material the resurrection of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubert" authorityYear="1970" box="[314,416,1399,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[314,416,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">T. aelleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has to be confirmed (for comparison see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="O.Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1876" box="[892,1107,1399,1425]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinitarse">
|
||
<emphasis box="[892,1107,1399,1425]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Theridion spinitarse</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
above). However, the generic placement among
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Knoflach" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[686,792,1434,1460]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[686,792,1434,1460]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Theridion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
evidently implies some difficulty. The new allocation offered here may be surprising and not fully satisfactory when considering the general appearance of hitherto known
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Levi and Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[832,938,1504,1530]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,938,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Theridula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, which is known to be striking, mainly through a tuberculate and wide abdominal shape, often combined with bright colour. Especially the unmodified abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubert" authorityYear="1970" box="[927,1028,1575,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[927,1028,1575,1601]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">T. aelleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at first glance argues against placement within
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Levi and Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[583,689,1610,1636]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,689,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Theridula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but would suggest resemblance with the only hitherto known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1957" box="[534,683,1645,1671]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paratheridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[534,683,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="258">Paratheridula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[738,871,1645,1672]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="31" pageNumber="258" pagination="105 - 115" refId="ref16581" refString="Levi HW (1957 b) The North American spider genera Paratheridula, Tekellina, Pholcomma and Archerius (Araneae: Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 76 (2): 105 - 115." type="journal article" year="1957" yearSuffix="b">Levi 1957b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, a transfer of the species into
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Levi and Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[349,455,167,193]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[349,455,167,193]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">Theridula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is suggested, mainly owing to characters of the male palp: 1. Membranous median apophysis adjoining embolus and arresting towards cymbial hood (= distal haematodocha according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[630,747,237,264]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" pagination="331 - 343" refId="ref16502" refString="Levi HW (1954) The spider genus Theridula in North and Central America and the West Indies (Araneae: Theridiidae). Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 73 (4): 331 - 343." type="journal article" year="1954">Levi 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Levi" box="[761,820,237,263]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" pagination="123 - 130" refId="ref16620" refString="Levi HW (1966) American spider genera Theridula and Paratheridula (Araneae: Theridiidae). Psyche, Cambridge 78 (2): 123 - 130." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Levi and Levi" box="[878,1102,237,263]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref16649" refString="Levi HW, Levi LR (1962) The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127 (1): 1 - 71, Fig. 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi and Levi 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Heimer" box="[140,295,272,298]" firstAuthor="Heimer" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" pagination="35 - 64" refId="ref15999" refString="Heimer S (1982) Interne Arretierungsmechanismen an den Kopulationsorganen mannlicher Spinnen (Arachnida, Araneae). Ein Beitrag zur Phylogenie der Araneoidea. Entomologische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden 45 (3): 35 - 64." type="journal article" year="1982">Heimer 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; median apophysis according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Agnarsson" box="[663,908,272,299]" firstAuthor="Agnarsson" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" pagination="447 - 626" refId="ref14897" refString="Agnarsson I (2004) Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 447 - 626." type="journal article" year="2004">Agnarsson 2004: 596</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). 2. Distal part of embolus screw-shaped. 3. Asymmetry of tibia. 4. Prolateral incision of cymbium. 5. Female genitalia of concordant structure. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1957" box="[649,798,343,369]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Paratheridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,798,343,369]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">Paratheridula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a median apophysis (distal
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814494" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814494/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" startId="32.[140,222,1590,1612]" targetBox="[146,1108,404,1563]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[140,1109,1590,1676]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[140,296,1590,1612]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">Figures 80-84.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Hubert)" baseAuthorityName="Hubert" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[302,543,1590,1612]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[302,453,1590,1611]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">Theridula aelleni</emphasis>
|
||
(Hubert)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[599,670,1590,1612]" name="Tunisia" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Male palp, retrolateral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[898,924,1590,1612]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">80</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1022,1048,1590,1612]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">8 1</emphasis>
|
||
), prolateral view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[256,282,1622,1644]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">82</emphasis>
|
||
). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[542,568,1622,1644]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">83</emphasis>
|
||
), dorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[703,729,1622,1644]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">84</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,810,1622,1644]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">80-82</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[855,916,1622,1644]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">83-84</emphasis>
|
||
drawn at same scale. Scale lines: 0.20 (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[302,363,1654,1676]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">80-82</emphasis>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity box="[417,503,1655,1676]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[517,577,1654,1676]" pageId="32" pageNumber="259">83-84</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSection pageId="33" pageNumber="260" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1107,167,298]" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">
|
||
membrane) is reported to be completely missing, which appears to be the main criterion for its separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Levi and Levi 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Levi and Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[453,808,202,229]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="33" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,559,202,228]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">Theridula</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Levi and Levi" box="[574,799,202,229]" firstAuthor="Levi" pageId="33" pageNumber="260" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref16649" refString="Levi HW, Levi LR (1962) The genera of the spider family Theridiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127 (1): 1 - 71, Fig. 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1962">Levi and Levi 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="260" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[140,1107,167,298]" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[185,344,237,263]" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,339,237,263]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="260" reason="1">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hubert" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[352,537,237,263]" class="Arachnida" family="Theridiidae" genus="Theridula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="33" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aelleni">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,537,237,263]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">Theridula aelleni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is so far known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[892,940,238,264]" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Tunisia" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[311,378,272,298]" name="Spain" pageId="33" pageNumber="260">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |