220 lines
25 KiB
XML
220 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="A0D0EAB913BA29438AF4914D513CEABF" ID-CLB-Dataset="62922" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6609100" ID-GBIF-Dataset="86c2b13a-7a7e-4f68-a732-9ccb383423dc" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-04-6" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609100" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1654199812575" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr" docDate="2017" docId="03AE87DDFF9FBD14FA3DF8FDFD43FBF1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_7_Spalacidae_0108.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Eospalax fontanierii" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="FF97FFA5FF9CBD10FF87FFBFFF9BFFAA" masterDocTitle="Spalacidae" masterLastPageNumber="142" masterPageNumber="108" pageNumber="132" updateTime="1699338824828" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="5A0A17F1FE0937577A9D782FD9E08216" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="12C5F6C2CC2606545CA794411B5FF3D5">
|
||
<mods:title id="8AAEE475B7BE9951EEC2EBD36D30732D">Spalacidae</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="9FABFE64FD22D756C13A4B74220FCF69" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9BA9BD2E5133C5ACB6FE3B7BBB3BE293">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="35EA2EA618131814119DC814861EB3FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="879B368590D7D92706F81264A6A4828D">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9D28FDD8770161A1C2B83B4227506C3B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E27A9E19BE6539EF62D6197F8C4EDC6F">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="05E5AC76F90D9BA1AF614FC0CD6BBF0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CDE5FEF54D70F6DE3222885E60435966">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="291A80E7849BE53A4F059BB25302005C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8DB4F071FEB36C08F330351BA1C22D69">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C44BD59FE23FE12B03C1B89C55F45794">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3D0E787FBB7CCA3B9B78D1816080F3DE">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="343504A6AD505A463F19B5BD39D4AFA6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="D90CA32D3C5C695DCAF27BD005EE5BB3" type="host">
|
||
<mods:originInfo id="AF7BD8837B34A54CC27CDE2E130F2D9C">
|
||
<mods:dateIssued id="5443762B69D4933D055D10AADF2079F0">2017</mods:dateIssued>
|
||
<mods:dateOther id="FB6C6A45F04BE723BD5CA2F641DC66B3" type="pubDate">2017-11-30</mods:dateOther>
|
||
<mods:publisher id="72A3878D6837B03AF18E19C6BADD11AF">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
|
||
<mods:place id="61994F0BE62F69FA6326283A5A19DC24">
|
||
<mods:placeTerm id="ADC03AA404328039C57A0C0509F869BB">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
|
||
</mods:place>
|
||
</mods:originInfo>
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="39D7C8A015155667728C7545ECFAD8F8">
|
||
<mods:title id="0774DD3F5EA93E34EE3E01A572DD29B2">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="4BB8CDD8FD48CC218465C5F270DA7445">
|
||
<mods:extent id="B73DAE90436161518DA314024382CE0B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="33AE24F3ED4152746C18F527E6202CFC">108</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="D97B84B3582505BB03414F56137D32A2">142</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D9B7953183FDDD17F3ECAB9F37276101">book chapter</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6C418B3D588B16E7DB7E386946DE06FB" type="CLB-Dataset">62922</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2447EC76857C8D0D127480BA68CF0327" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6609100</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E5FAB2514896BB71ED82B3A2D57FF914" type="GBIF-Dataset">86c2b13a-7a7e-4f68-a732-9ccb383423dc</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C83FB0116DA04D97A98BC33F3203ADB7" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-04-6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="54B450F07B31D7F07E08E64C11E0077E" type="Zenodo-Dep">6609100</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03AE87DDFF9FBD14FA3DF8FDFD43FBF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6608844" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195728726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6608844" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF9FBD14FA3DF8FDFD43FBF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE87DDFF9FBD14FA3DF8FDFD43FBF1" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3DF8FDFA41F8DA" box="[1466,1498,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3DF8FDFA41F8DA" blockId="3.[1464,2321,1858,1983]" box="[1466,1498,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081A7FF9FBD13FA3DF8FDFA41F8DA" box="[1466,1498,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<figureCitation id="133C2A4EFF9FBD13FA3DF8FDFA41F8DA" box="[1466,1498,1858,1904]" captionStart="Plate 5: Spalacidae" captionStartId="2.[102,132,3298,3323]" captionTargetBox="[14,2754,13,3646]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Altai Zokor (Myospalax myospalax), 2. Steppe Zokor (Myospalax aspalax), 3. Armand’s Zokor (Mpyospalax armandii), 4. Manchurian Zokor (Myospalax psilurus), 5. Khingan Zokor (Myospalax epsilanus), 6. Fontanier’s Zokor (FEospalax fontaniern), 7. Gansu Zokor (Fospalax cansus), 8. Qinling Zokor (Fospalax rufescens), 9. Plateau Zokor (FEospalax bailey), 10. Rothschild’s Zokor (Eospalax rothschildi), 11. Smith’s Zokor (Eospalax smithu), 12. Chinese Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sinensis), 13. Hoary Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys pruinosus), 14. Indomalayan Bamboo Rat (Rhizomys sumatrensis), 15. Lesser Bamboo Rat (Cannomys badius), 16. African Root Rat (Tachyoryctes splendens), 17. Giant Root Rat (Tachyoryctes macrocephalus), 18. Oltenia Blind Mole-rat (Spalax istricus), 19. Mehely’s Blind Mole-rat (Spalax antiquus), 20. Bukovina Blind Mole-rat (Spalax graecus), 21. Podolsk Blind Mole-rat (Spalax zemni), 22. Sandy Blind Mole-rat (Spalax arenarius), 23. Greater Blind Mole-rat (Spalax microphthalmus), 24. Giant Blind Mole-rat (Spalax giganteus), 25. Kazakhstan Blind Mole-rat (Spalax uralensis), 26. Lesser Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax leucodon), 27. Anatolian Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax xanthodon), 28. Middle East Blind Mole-rat (Nannospalax ehrenbergi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609169" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609169/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">6.</figureCitation>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA6DF8FDF8FAF8DA" box="[1514,1889,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA6DF8FDF8FAF8DA" blockId="3.[1464,2321,1858,1983]" box="[1514,1889,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081A7FF9FBD13FA6DF8FDF8FAF8DA" box="[1514,1889,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<vernacularName id="050446E5FF9FBD13FA6DF8FDF8FAF8DA" box="[1514,1889,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Fontanier’s Zokor</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13F816F8FDF695F8DA" box="[1937,2318,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13F816F8FDF695F8DA" blockId="3.[1464,2321,1858,1983]" box="[1937,2318,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081A7FF9FBD13F816F8FDF695F8DA" box="[1937,2318,1858,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F816F8FDF695F8DA" ID-CoL="6FKHR" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1937,2318,1858,1904]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13F816F8FDF695F8DA" box="[1937,2318,1858,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Eospalax fontanierii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3EF83DF8D2F815" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3EF83DF68AF83D" blockId="3.[1464,2321,1858,1983]" box="[1465,2321,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081A7FF9FBD13FA3EF83DF68AF83D" box="[1465,2321,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3EF83DF99FF83D" bold="true" box="[1465,1540,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">French:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050446E5FF9FBD13F98AF83DF952F83D" box="[1549,1737,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Zokor de Fontanier</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13F95AF83DF8A3F83D" bold="true" box="[1757,1848,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">German:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050446E5FF9FBD13F8C7F83DF840F83D" box="[1856,2011,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">China-Blindmull</vernacularName>
|
||
/
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13F877F83DF7D7F83D" bold="true" box="[2032,2124,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Spanish:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050446E5FF9FBD13F7D3F83DF68AF83D" box="[2132,2321,1922,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Zocor de Fontanier</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3FF815F8D2F815" blockId="3.[1464,2321,1858,1983]" box="[1464,1865,1962,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<heading id="D0F081A7FF9FBD13FA3FF815F8D2F815" box="[1464,1865,1962,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3FF815F934F815" bold="true" box="[1464,1711,1962,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Other common names:</emphasis>
|
||
<vernacularName id="050446E5FF9FBD13F93EF815F8D2F815" box="[1721,1865,1962,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Chinese Zokor</vernacularName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13F79BF855F75CF799" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13F79BF855F75CF799" blockId="3.[2076,2670,2026,2453]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13F79BF855F723F7A1" bold="true" box="[2076,2232,2026,2059]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F74AF855F759F799" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1867" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Siphneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">Siphneus fontanierii Milne-Edwards, 1867</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13F755F7A9F60EF799" box="[2258,2453,2070,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13F755F7A9F60EF799" blockId="3.[2076,2670,2026,2453]" box="[2258,2453,2070,2099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3C96FF9FBD13F755F7A9F60EF799" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3802165306" box="[2258,2453,2070,2099]" country="China" location="Kansu" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8ED86010FF9FBD13F755F7A9F6B1F799" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE87DDFF9FBD14FA3DF8FDFD43FBF1:8ED86010FF9FBD13F755F7A9F6B1F799" box="[2258,2346,2070,2099]" country="China" name="Kansu" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Kansu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F310765BFF9FBD13F6BDF7A9F60BF799" box="[2362,2448,2070,2099]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13F79BF786F72FF5A7" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13F79BF786F72FF5A7" blockId="3.[2076,2670,2026,2453]" lastBlockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
Although O. Thomas in 1911 treated them as separate species, G. M. Allen in 1940 included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F776F737F6DDF703" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[2289,2374,2184,2217]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">cansus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and bailey: as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F701F710F68BF77A" box="[2182,2320,2223,2256]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Siphneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">fontanierii</taxonomicName>
|
||
and treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F651F710F5DDF77A" box="[2518,2630,2223,2256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Fospalax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rufescens">rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F769F768F6DFF752" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[2286,2372,2263,2296]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">cansus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Many references to E. fontanieri pertain instead to the betterstudied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F713F699F68BF6ED" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[2196,2320,2342,2375]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baileyi">E. baileyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F6CBF699F654F6ED" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[2380,2511,2342,2375]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">E. cansus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In recent years, a variety of studies support treating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F7D2F6CBF699F63F" box="[2133,2306,2420,2453]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Siphneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">E. fontanierii</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species from these other forms based on mtDNA, cranial morphology, molar shape, and hair morphology. Molecular data recover
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F800F67BF7ABF64F" box="[1927,2096,2500,2533]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Siphneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fontanierii">E. fontanierii</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister to a clade that contains all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F9CDF653F926F5A7" authorityName="G. M. Allen" authorityYear="1940" box="[1610,1725,2540,2573]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Eospalax</taxonomicName>
|
||
with moderate support. Monotypic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3DF5A4F9A9F5F7" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="multiple">
|
||
<caption id="DF786643FF9FBD13FA3DF5A4F9A9F5F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6609118" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6609118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6609118/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" targetBox="[1463,2053,2037,2451]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3DF5A4F9A9F5F7" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3DF5A4F9F1F59E" bold="true" box="[1466,1642,2587,2612]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
N Shaanxi, Shanxi, W Hebei, and NE Inner Mongolia (= Nei Mongol), E China.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3DF5DEF7EAF414" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3DF5DEF7EAF414" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3DF5DEF92DF528" bold="true" box="[1466,1718,2657,2690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 163-245 mm,tail 38-69 mm; weight 184-563 g. Male Fontanier’s Zokors are larger than females. They are large and gray to yellowish brown overall. Hairs are slate-gray at the base and tipped with a more brownish color that shine enough to give slightsilvered effect. Chin and throat are gray, and underside is slightly grayer than dorsum. Upper lips and muzzle are white or light, and distinctive white streak is usually present running down midline of head. Additional white patches may be present elsewhere on body. Tail is long and sparsely haired, nearly naked. Feet are also sparsely haired. Young are dark gray; hairs are paler at tips. M”* has three re-entrant folds. Diploid numberis 2n = 60.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3CF47AF77FF44C" box="[1467,2276,3013,3046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3CF47AF77FF44C" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" box="[1467,2276,3013,3046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3CF47AF9B0F44C" bold="true" box="[1467,1579,3013,3046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Steppe, grassland, farmland, pastures, and lawns.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3CF453F825F379" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3CF453F825F379" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3CF453F95AF3A7" bold="true" box="[1467,1729,3052,3085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Fontanier’s Zokor feeds on roots and underparts of plants, usually accessing them from below. Food plants include Chinese artichoke (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F61DF3ACF662F39E" box="[2458,2553,3091,3124]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Stachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stachys</taxonomicName>
|
||
sieboldu,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13FA3BF380F9C2F3F6" box="[1468,1625,3135,3164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), ladybells (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F896F380F836F3F6" box="[1809,1965,3135,3164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" genus="Adenophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Adenophora</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F841F380F735F3F6" box="[1990,2222,3135,3164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Campanulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Campanulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F756F380F594F3F6" box="[2257,2575,3135,3164]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Bupleurum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Bupleurum (Apiaceae)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, great burnet (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F9B7F3DCF94BF32E" box="[1584,1744,3171,3204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Sanguisorba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sanguisorba</taxonomicName>
|
||
officinalis,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F8E5F3DCF872F32E" box="[1890,2025,3171,3204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Chinese red pine saplings (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F6F9F3DCF650F32E" box="[2430,2507,3171,3204]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
tabuliformas,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13FA3AF331F9DBF301" box="[1469,1600,3214,3243]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and sedges (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F896F331F8C6F301" box="[1809,1885,3214,3243]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF9FBD13F8F7F331F783F301" authorityName="de Jussieu" authorityYear="1789" box="[1904,2072,3214,3243]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It builds up food stores during summer and autumn that are eaten in winter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3BF366F5F4F2E2" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3BF366F5F4F2E2" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3BF366F9DBF350" bold="true" box="[1468,1600,3289,3322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction of Fontanier’s Zokor peaks in March—June. Males and females are thoughtto live separately, only coming together during breeding, but they have been observed in the same burrow at other times. Litter sizes are 1-6 young, usually 2—4 young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF9FBD13FA3CF2F0F63FF23D" pageId="3" pageNumber="132" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF9FBD13FA3CF2F0F63FF23D" blockId="3.[1466,2673,2461,3479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF9FBD13FA3CF2F0F932F2DA" bold="true" box="[1467,1705,3407,3440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="132">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Underground activity of Fontanier’s Zokors peaks in morning and evening. When an individual ventures aboveground, it does so at night.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF98BD14FFECFE99FF4DFD5D" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF98BD14FFECFE99FF4DFD5D" blockId="4.[104,1313,294,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF98BD14FFECFE99FCD6FEED" bold="true" box="[107,845,294,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Burrows of Fontanier’s Zokors are elaborate with multiple chambers and tunnels, but little indication of a burrow’s presence might be visible aboveground. They are 66-127 m long. Food-finding, pathway, and communication tunnels are present along with toilet, nesting, and food storage chambers. Nest chamber is ¢.35 x 30 x 25 cm, lined with dry grasses and leaves, and located deep in the burrow system (c.93 cm deep). One to three storage chambers are present. Toilets tend to be located at the far ends of the system. When a toilet is full, it is blocked off, and another one is dug. Parts of the burrow may be abandoned over time; these are walled off. Specific communication tunnels are constructed wherein individuals communicate seismically with neighbors. Predators include the Altai Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica) and the Steppe Polecat (M. eversmanii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF98BD14FFECFCBCFCB3FC3C" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF98BD14FFECFCBCFCB3FC3C" blockId="4.[104,1313,294,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF98BD14FFECFCBCFE53FC8A" bold="true" box="[107,456,771,800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (an assessment that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF98BD14FEF8FC99FE60FCED" authorityName="Lyon" authorityYear="1907" box="[383,507,806,839]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cansus">E. cansus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF98BD14FD8CFC99FD39FCED" box="[523,674,806,839]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">E. rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074D48FF98BD14FD76FC99FCFCFCED" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1911" box="[753,871,806,839]" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Eospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="baileyi">E. baileyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the 2016 China Red List, where it is treated as a distinct species. Fontanier’s Zokoris an agricultural pest and is the subject of control measures, including poison.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31D6540FF98BD14FFECFC1AFD43FBF1" pageId="4" pageNumber="133" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB836CBFF98BD14FFECFC1AFD43FBF1" blockId="4.[104,1313,294,1119]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973EAD9FF98BD14FFECFC1AFE98FC14" bold="true" box="[107,259,933,958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="133">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Allen (1940), Ellerman & Morrison-Scott (1951), Fan Naichang & Gu Shougin (1981), Fan Naichang & ShiYinzhu (1982), He Ya et al. (2012), Jiang Zhigang et al. (2016), Lawrence (1991), Li Baoguo & Chen Fuguan (1989), Musser & Carleton (2005), Norris et al. (2004), Smith & Johnston (2008a), Song (1986), Su Junhu et al. (2014), Thomas (1911a, 1911b), Wang Tingzheng & Li Xiaochen (1993), Wang Yingxiang (2003), Wu Panwen et al. (2007), Zhou Caiquan & Zhou Kaiya (2008).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |