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<document id="86E13555733FDABE2C924E1E7B8BDC3F" ID-DOI="10.34631/sporl.419" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5127135" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1627041560841" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hernández, Luis Miguel, Shelley, Anthony John, Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna &amp; Maia-Herzog, Marilza" docDate="2008" docId="A2708A02FFB1FFC4FF7852DBFF57F9DB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01834p100.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1834" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.34631/sporl.419" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleId="C4791ACFF01C5C140D2C1A203DB3C9B0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Simulium (Chirostilbia) papaveroi Coscaron" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="5E49F27AFFAEFFE4FFEF537EFFBBFFA1" masterDocTitle="Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1699015142144" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="1E66EA1229DD5140609999475B355A95">Carcinoma Folicular de Tiroides concomitante con Hiperparatiroidismo Primario. Caso Clínico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9AFB1178C7F6B9C3AEECF757FE2D838D">Dias, Antonio Paulino Andrade De Luna</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6540A722B7ED60B98F36680ECB874D2E">Maia-Herzog, Marilza</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFF7852DBFD0FFE1E" ID-CoL="8DZ6F" authority="Coscaron" authorityName="Coscaron" box="[151,692,421,447]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi" subGenus="Chirostilbia">
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<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF7852DBFEB5FE1E" bold="true" box="[151,270,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Simulium</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFE5052DBFD8DFE1E" bold="true" box="[447,566,421,447]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">papaveroi</emphasis>
Coscarón
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<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF7852B6FC12FE43" blockId="31.[151,937,421,482]" box="[151,937,456,482]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFF7052B6FF49FE43" box="[159,242,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFF1052B6FEA4FE43" box="[255,287,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFEC452B6FECCFE43" box="[299,375,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">49, 50</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFE6C52B6FE75FE43" box="[387,462,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 7" captionStartId="61.[151,238,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,206,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-62@61.[151,1436,194,1642]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="PLATE 7. FIGURES 91–105. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 91–93: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 94–96: S. pertinax; 97–99: S. riograndense; 100–102: S. spinibranchium; 103–105: S. subpallidum. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 91–93.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127151/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">91–93</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFE3552B6FDBCFE43" box="[474,519,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 9" captionStartId="63.[151,238,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,155,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-61@63.[177,1421,137,1905]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="PLATE 9. FIGURES 113–120. Female gonapophyses of: 113: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 114: S. pertinax; 115: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 116: T. lutziana paralectotype; 117: S. riograndense; 118: S. serranus; 119: S. spinibranchium; 120: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127159/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">113</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFDFB52B6FDF9FE43" box="[532,578,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">129</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFDA152B6FDC6FE43" box="[590,637,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">144</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFD6652B6FD03FE43" box="[649,696,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">187</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFD2B52B6FD49FE43" box="[708,754,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">213</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFD1152B6FC96FE43" box="[766,813,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">226</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFCD652B6FCD3FE43" box="[825,872,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="73.[151,238,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,180,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-79@73.[181,1406,131,1931]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 19. FIGURES 232–239. Lateral view of cocoon and pupal exuviae of: 232: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004) (dorsal view); 233: S. dekeyseri paratype; 234: S. distinctum; 235: S. empascae; 236: S. friedlanderi; 237: S. jefersoni paratype; 238: S. obesum; 239: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982) [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 232, 239.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127185/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">239</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFC9B52B6FC1AFE43" box="[884,929,456,482]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="76.[151,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,206,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-83@76.[183,1408,104,1904]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 22. FIGURES 253–260. Right gill fill of: 253: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 254: S. pertinax; 255: S. riograndense; 256: S. serranus; 257: S. spinibranchium; 258: S. subpallidum (common pattern, “form” with eight); 259: S. subpallidum (variation, “form” with 8); 260: S. subpallidum (“form” with six filament). [Scale bar for all figures except Fig. 254.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127193/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">253</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF785166FD8BFD23" blockId="31.[151,1436,536,642]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
This is a poorly known species from
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB1FFFBFDA75166FC92FD93" box="[584,809,536,562]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="52CE7B84FFB1FFFBFCDA5166FCC6FD93" box="[821,893,536,562]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and is morphologically similar to
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFAFF5166FA27FD90" box="[1296,1436,536,561]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dekeyseri">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFAFF5166FA27FD90" box="[1296,1436,536,561]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dekeyseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFF25513EFEF5FDF8" box="[202,334,576,601]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serranus">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF25513EFEF5FDF8" box="[202,334,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. serranus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We are here basing our description of
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFCCA513EFC02FDF8" box="[805,953,576,601]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFCCA513EFC02FDF8" box="[805,953,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. papaveroi</emphasis>
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on examination of
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material and the original description of this species.
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="AB781D05FFB1FFFBFF7851C6FDF0FD6E" author="Coscaron, S." box="[151,587,696,719]" page="68" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1982">
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFF7851C6FDF0FD6E" ID-CoL="8DZ6F" authority="Coscaron, 1982: 68" authorityName="Coscaron" authorityPageNumber="68" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,587,696,719]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF7851C6FED5FD6E" box="[151,366,696,719]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Simulium papaveroi</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="9AB13149FFB1FFFBFE9951C6FDF0FD6E" box="[374,587,696,719]" collectingDate="1973-05-03" collectionCode="MZUSP" collectorName="de Cipo &amp; This &amp; de Campinas" country="Brazil" location="Serra de Cipo" municipality="Jaboticatuba" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Minas Gerais" typeStatus="holotype">
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB1FFFBFE9951C6FDF0FD6E" author="Coscaron, S." box="[374,587,696,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref44501" refString="Coscaron, S. (1982) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales X. Sobre un grupo peculiar de especies del genero Simulium del S. E. de Brasil, Paraguay y N. O. de Argentina (Diptera-Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 41, 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Coscarón, 1982: 68</bibRefCitation>
</materialsCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="F56285B6FFB1FFFBFDB951C6FD58FD6E" box="[598,739,696,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="3CDFF09DFFB1FFFBFD0351C7FD47FD68" box="[748,764,697,713]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
(reared),
<collectingCountry id="52CE7B84FFB1FFFBFC8A51C6FC72FD6E" box="[869,969,696,719]" name="Brazil" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB1FFFBFC3B51C6FB18FD6E" box="[980,1187,696,719]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Minas Gerais State</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="CA02A16EFFB1FFFBFB4051C6FA8CFD6E" box="[1199,1335,696,719]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Jaboticatuba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="2F066DCFFFB1FFFBFAAC51C6FF45FD4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2708A02FFB1FFC4FF7852DBFF57F9DB:2F066DCFFFB1FFFBFAAC51C6FF45FD4E" country="Brazil" municipality="Jaboticatuba" name="Serra de Cipo" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
Serra
<collectorName id="872C5EC2FFB1FFFBFA6C51C6FF45FD4E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">de Cipó</collectorName>
</location>
; 25.iv/
<date id="5E671DD4FFB1FFFBFEA651A6FE18FD4E" box="[329,419,728,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1973-05-03">
<collectingDate id="4E23E43CFFB1FFFBFEA651A6FE18FD4E" box="[329,419,728,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1973-05-03">3.v.1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, (
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFE5851A6FD96FD4E" box="[439,557,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">UNICAMP</emphasis>
) [
<collectorName id="872C5EC2FFB1FFFBFDAC51A6FDCEFD4E" box="[579,629,728,751]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">This</collectorName>
appears to be an error because it is the same as the acronym for the Universidade
<collectorName id="872C5EC2FFB1FFFBFEFD5186FE20FCAE" box="[274,411,760,783]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">de Campinas</collectorName>
and unlikely to be a collector’s name] (MZUSP).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="62C3689FFFB1FFC4FF785041FF57F9DB" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF785041FE99FC23" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF785041FF49FCF8" bold="true" box="[151,242,831,857]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female</emphasis>
. General body colour black. Wing length 1.8–2.0 mm [other measurements not given in original description]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF2950EEFC78FC5B" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF2950EEFE9BFC08" box="[198,288,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Head—</emphasis>
dichoptic with dark red eyes and nudiocular area slightly developed (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFB8D50EEFB10FC0B" box="[1122,1195,912,938]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="55.[151,238,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[204,1380,151,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-102@55.[184,1390,97,1869]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="PLATE 1. FIGURES 1–15. Nudiocular area of: 1: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 2: S. dekeyseri paratype; 3: S. distinctum; 4: S. empascae; 5: S. friedlanderi; 6: S. jefersoni paratype; 7: S. obesum; 8: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 9: S. pertinax; 10: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 11: T. lutziana paralectotype; 12: S. riograndense; 13: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 14: S. spinibranchium; 15: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 8, 13.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127137" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127137/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Frons and clypeus grey pruinose covered by yellowish hairs. Mouthparts pale brown. Antennal segments pale brown. Cibarium without teeth and with well developed, sclerotised cornuae, (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFCB1509EFC0DFC5B" box="[862,950,992,1018]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="56.[151,238,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[155,1395,189,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-106@56.[151,1436,172,1787]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="PLATE 2. FIGURES 16–30. Cibarium of: 16: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 17: S. dekeyseri paratype; 18: S. distinctum; 19: S. empascae; 20: S. friedlanderi; 21: S. jefersoni paratype; 22: S. obesum; 23: S. papaveroi (after Coscarón, 1981); 24: S. pertinax; 25: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 26: T. lutziana paralectotype; 27: S. riograndense; 28: S. serranus (after Coscarón, 1982); 29: S. spinibranchium; 30: S. subpallidum. [Scale bar for all photographs except Figs. 23, 28.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127139" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127139/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF295776FCCAFA2B" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF295776FE8EFB80" box="[198,309,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum dark brown, covered with recumbent, silver to golden hairs depending on light direction. Scutal pattern similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFDA4574EFD6CFBE8" box="[587,727,1072,1097]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dekeyseri">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFDA4574EFD6CFBE8" box="[587,727,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. dekeyseri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, varying with light illumination. With anterior illumination, thorax greyish black with 1+1 median and 1+1 submedian black vittae diverging posteriorly and apparently running length of scutum; humeri weakly pruinose, lateral and posterior margins weakly pruinose (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFADA57FEFA34FB3B" box="[1333,1423,1152,1178]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
). With a posterior light source the pattern reverses (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFD3457D6FC88FB63" box="[731,819,1192,1218]" captionStart="PLATE 4" captionStartId="58.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[196,1388,158,1859]" captionTargetId="figure-112@58.[187,1393,143,1915]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="PLATE 4. FIGURES 47–62. Colour patterns for female thorax. For each species first figure is with anterior illumination and second figure with posterior illumination, except for Fig. 50 in which the light source is lateral to the specimen (see Coscarón, 1982): 47, 48: S. obesum; 49, 50: S. papaveroi (After Coscaron, 1982); 51, 52: S. pertinax holotype; 53, 54: S. pertinax; 55, 56: C. flavifemur lectotype; 57, 58: T. lutziana lectotype; 59, 60: S. septentrionale holotype; 61, 62: S. riograndense. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 49,50.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127143" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127143/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Scutellum pale brown with recumbent golden setae interspersed with long black bristles. Postnotum black with silver pruinosity. Pleura dark brown to black with silver pruinosity.
<collectingRegion id="E81DF5F6FFB1FFFBFE855786FE16FAB3" box="[362,429,1272,1298]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Costa</collectingRegion>
of wing with hairs interspersed with spines. Subcosta and basal section of Radius without setae. Leg coloration and proportions as in
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFD1F565EFCC0FA9B" box="[752,891,1312,1338]" captionStart="PLATE 7" captionStartId="61.[151,238,1666,1690]" captionTargetBox="[182,1419,206,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-62@61.[151,1436,194,1642]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="PLATE 7. FIGURES 91–105. Colour pattern for female front, mid and hind legs, respectively. 91–93: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 94–96: S. pertinax; 97–99: S. riograndense; 100–102: S. spinibranchium; 103–105: S. subpallidum. [Scale bars for all photographs except figures 91–93.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127151/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs. 91–93</figureCitation>
[
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB1FFFBFC67565EFBF4FA9B" author="Coscaron, S." box="[904,1103,1312,1338]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref44501" refString="Coscaron, S. (1982) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales X. Sobre un grupo peculiar de especies del genero Simulium del S. E. de Brasil, Paraguay y N. O. de Argentina (Diptera-Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 41, 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Coscarón (1982)</bibRefCitation>
did not provide a coloration pattern for
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFEF35636FE09FAC0" box="[284,434,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFEF35636FE09FAC0" box="[284,434,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. papaveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. He only referred to the figures of the coloration pattern in this publication]. Claws curved, without basal tooth. Halteres cream with brown bases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF2956E6FECBF8BB" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF2956E6FEF5FA10" box="[198,334,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Abdomen—</emphasis>
coloration similar to
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FFB1FFFBFDA056E6FD44FA10" authorityName="Lutz. The" authorityYear="1910" box="[591,767,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpallidum">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFDA056E6FD44FA10" box="[591,767,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">S. subpallidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; tergites I–II yellowish, III–VI dark brown, VII–IX pale yellowish. Tergal plates developed; sternal plates undeveloped. Sternites greyish black; genitalia black. Eighth sternite sclerotised with irregularly distributed setae on posterior margin; gonapophyses subtriangular, membranous except sclerotised on internal margins [No indication of setation given by
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB1FFFBFBB6556EFAA8F98B" author="Coscaron, S." box="[1113,1299,1552,1578]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref44501" refString="Coscaron, S. (1982) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales X. Sobre un grupo peculiar de especies del genero Simulium del S. E. de Brasil, Paraguay y N. O. de Argentina (Diptera-Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 41, 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Coscarón, 1982</bibRefCitation>
] (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFAC5556EFA34F98B" box="[1322,1423,1552,1578]" captionStart="PLATE 9" captionStartId="63.[151,238,1920,1944]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,155,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-61@63.[177,1421,137,1905]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="PLATE 9. FIGURES 113–120. Female gonapophyses of: 113: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 114: S. pertinax; 115: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 116: T. lutziana paralectotype; 117: S. riograndense; 118: S. serranus; 119: S. spinibranchium; 120: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127159" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127159/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
). Cercus hemispherical, covered with long brown setae; paraproct subrectangular with triangular ventral extension over 1.5 times as long as cercus, sclerotised; paraprocts covered with prominent brown setae centrally and highly setose apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFE1F55F6FDE6F903" box="[496,605,1672,1698]" captionStart="PLATE 10" captionStartId="64.[151,238,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[205,1384,154,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-105@64.[183,1408,137,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="PLATE 10. FIGURES 121–136. Female cercus and paraproct of: 121: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 122: S. dekeyseri paratype; 123: S. distinctum lectotype; 124: S. distinctum, São Paulo, Brazil; 125: S. empascae; 126: S. friedlanderi; 127: S. jefersoni paratype; 128: S. obesum; 129: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 130: S. pertinax; 131: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 132: T. lutziana paralectotype; 133: S. riograndense; 134: S. serranus; 135: S. spinibranchium; 136: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127161/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
). Genital fork stout, weakly sclerotised with apex of stem weakly expanded; anterior processes developed, posterior processes undeveloped (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FFB1FFFBFBFC55CEFBC6F96B" box="[1043,1149,1712,1738]" captionStart="PLATE 11" captionStartId="65.[151,238,1881,1905]" captionTargetBox="[205,1385,151,1851]" captionTargetId="figure-94@65.[186,1411,135,1935]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="PLATE 11. FIGURES 137–151. Female genital fork of: 137: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 138: S. dekeyseri paratype; 139: S. distinctum lectotype; 140: S. empascae; 141: S. friedlanderi; 142: S. jefersoni paratype; 143: S. obesum; 144: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 145: S. pertinax; 146: C. flavifemur paralectotype; 147: T. lutziana paralectotype; 148: S. riograndense; 149: S. serranus; 150: S. spinibranchium; 151: S. subpallidum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127165/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca globular, without external sculpturing and with internal spicules irregularly arranged; area of insertion of spermathecal duct membranous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF295459FE91F81B" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF295459FEBEF8E0" bold="true" box="[198,261,1831,1857]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Male</emphasis>
. [We were unable to obtain male specimens of this species, therefore the description here provided is a translation of the original description in Spanish of
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FFB1FFFBFCD7542EFC43F8CB" author="Coscaron, S." box="[824,1016,1872,1898]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref44501" refString="Coscaron, S. (1982) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales X. Sobre un grupo peculiar de especies del genero Simulium del S. E. de Brasil, Paraguay y N. O. de Argentina (Diptera-Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 41, 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Coscarón, 1982</bibRefCitation>
]. General body colour black. Body length (specimens pinned) wing length
<quantity id="ED2196F1FFB1FFFBFD6D5406FCA8F833" box="[642,787,1912,1938]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
[No other measurements were given in the original description.]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FFB1FFFBFF2954B6FBD5F843" blockId="31.[151,1436,831,2018]" box="[198,1134,1992,2018]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FFB1FFFBFF2954B6FE9BF840" box="[198,288,1992,2017]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Head—</emphasis>
holoptic with dark red eyes. Remainder of head coloration as in female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF2953E6FDB7FEF3" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF2953E6FE8EFF10" box="[198,309,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thorax—</emphasis>
scutum dark brown, covered with recumbent golden hairs. Scutal pattern varies slightly with light incidence: with anterior light source thorax black with 1+1 indistinct, submedian silver pruinose bands; grey pruinose area on anterior region of thorax. With light source posterior to specimen thorax black. Humeri, lateral and posterior margins black. Scutellum black with recumbent golden hairs interspersed with long erect black hairs on posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF29521EFDC8FD33" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF29521EFEF5FED8" box="[198,334,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Abdomen—</emphasis>
coloration of abdominal segments not described. Genitalia black; tergal plates developed, sternal plates undeveloped. Gonocoxite subrectangular; gonostyle elongated, subtriangular and nearly same length as gonocoxite, with ridge in median region; gonocoxite and gonostyle covered with long setae (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FF8EFFC4FA8252CEFF7CFE53" captionStart="PLATE 14" captionStartId="68.[151,238,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[203,1382,151,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-108@68.[183,1408,135,1886]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="PLATE 14. FIGURES 180–193. Male gonocoxite and gonostyle of: 180: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 181: S. dekeyseri paratype; 182: S. distinctum; 183: S. empascae; 184: S. friedlanderi; 185: S. jefersoni paratype; 186: S. obesum; 187: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 188: S. pertinax; 189: S. riograndense; 190: S. serranus paratype; 191: S. spinibranchium; 192: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge undeveloped); 193: S. subpallidum (longitudinal ridge developed). [Scale bars for all photographs except for photographs 180, 187.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127173" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127173/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
). Ventral plate sclerotised, subtriangular with main body well developed and weakly produced in central region; basal arms short and sclerotized; main body of ventral plate covered by setae [Coscarón &amp; Coscarón- Arias (2007) stated that the ventral plate of
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FF8EFFC4FD745156FC95FDE0" box="[667,814,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="papaveroi">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FD745156FC95FDE0" box="[667,814,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. papaveroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="EDD94097FF8EFFC4FBF15156FB76FDE0" authorityName="Lutz. The" authorityYear="1910" box="[1054,1229,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpallidum">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FBF15156FB76FDE0" box="[1054,1229,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">S. subpallidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]. Median sclerite long, Y-shaped with apical incision (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FF8EFFC4FDA6512EFD0AFDCB" box="[585,689,592,618]" captionStart="PLATE 16" captionStartId="70.[151,238,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[200,1378,211,1494]" captionTargetId="figure-95@70.[181,1406,194,1525]" captionTargetPageId="70" captionText="PLATE 16. FIGURES 206–218. Male median sclerite of: 206: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 207: S. dekeyseri paratype; 208: S. distinctum; 209: S. empascae; 210: S. friedlanderi; 211: S. jefersoni paratype; 212: S. obesum; 213: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 214: S. pertinax; 215: S. riograndense; 216: S. serranus paratype; 217: S. spinibranchium; 218: S. subpallidum [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 206, 213]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127177/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 213</figureCitation>
). Paramere with developed and sclerotised basal processes and numerous stout teeth apically (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FF8EFFC4FE105106FDDCFD33" box="[511,615,632,658]" captionStart="PLATE 17" captionStartId="71.[151,238,1938,1962]" captionTargetBox="[171,1399,158,1924]" captionTargetId="figure-73@71.[151,1436,127,1947]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="PLATE 17. FIGURES 219–226. Male paramere of: 219: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004); 220: S. dekeyseri paratype; 221: S. distinctum; 222: S. empascae; 223: S. friedlanderi; 224: S. jefersoni paratype; 225: S. obesum; 226: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982). [Scale bar for all photographs except for photographs 219, 226]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127181" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127181/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 226</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF2951E1FDFDFD43" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF2951E1FEBCFD18" bold="true" box="[198,263,671,697]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Pupa</emphasis>
. [Measurements taken from the original description.] Cocoon length dorsally 2.0–
<quantity id="ED2196F1FF8EFFC4FB2351DEFA93FD1B" box="[1228,1320,672,698]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
; ventrally
<quantity id="ED2196F1FF8EFFC4FF7851B6FE9CFD43" box="[151,295,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.65" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="2.65" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.8 mm</quantity>
; gill length
<quantity id="ED2196F1FF8EFFC4FE5D51B6FDF9FD43" box="[434,578,712,738]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="1.6" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.7 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF29518EFCBBFC93" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF29518EFE87FCA8" box="[198,316,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Cocoon—</emphasis>
slipper-shaped as in
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FF8EFFC4FDD6518EFD24FCAB" box="[569,671,752,778]" captionStart="PLATE 19" captionStartId="73.[151,238,1909,1933]" captionTargetBox="[200,1388,180,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-79@73.[181,1406,131,1931]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="PLATE 19. FIGURES 232–239. Lateral view of cocoon and pupal exuviae of: 232: S. bifenestratum (After Hamada &amp; Pepinelli, 2004) (dorsal view); 233: S. dekeyseri paratype; 234: S. distinctum; 235: S. empascae; 236: S. friedlanderi; 237: S. jefersoni paratype; 238: S. obesum; 239: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982) [Scale bar for all photographs except photographs 232, 239.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127185/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 239</figureCitation>
, composed of thick, coalesced fibres posteriorly with reinforced rim to anterior aperture, margin of aperture elevated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF29503EFA2FFC5B" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF29503EFEB5FCF8" box="[198,270,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Gill—</emphasis>
dark brown with eight forwardly-directed arranged in vertical plane. Gill with main trunk short, giving rise to two sets of primary branches, one dorsal and one ventral; dorsal primary branch bifurcating in basal third into internal and external secondary branch, each then dividing at different heights into three tertiary; ventral primary branch bifurcating in basal tenth (
<figureCitation id="B2E22791FF8EFFC4FCD150C6FC1CFC73" box="[830,935,952,978]" captionStart="PLATE 22" captionStartId="76.[151,238,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[198,1390,206,1875]" captionTargetId="figure-83@76.[183,1408,104,1904]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="PLATE 22. FIGURES 253–260. Right gill fill of: 253: S. papaveroi (After Coscarón, 1982); 254: S. pertinax; 255: S. riograndense; 256: S. serranus; 257: S. spinibranchium; 258: S. subpallidum (common pattern, “form” with eight); 259: S. subpallidum (variation, “form” with 8); 260: S. subpallidum (“form” with six filament). [Scale bar for all figures except Fig. 254.]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5127193" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5127193/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 253</figureCitation>
). Dorsal primary branch relatively stouter than ventral. All rounded distally, covered with small spicules on surface, edges crenate; of different length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF295776FDEAFBD3" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF295776FE9BFB80" box="[198,288,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Head—</emphasis>
frontoclypeus with 2+2 long simple and 1+1 single or bifid long facial trichomes; frontoclypeus with distinct group of platelets mesally, 1+1 dorso-laterally and 3–4 platelets in two groups laterally in frontal region, respectively; tubercles absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF2957FEFD3FFAB3" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF2957FEFE8EFB38" box="[198,309,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Thorax—</emphasis>
with approximately six long bifid (some simple) trichomes near dorsal cleft, one long simple trichome on posterior region, and nearly four simple trichomes on ventral margin; tubercles rounded, lightly distributed along anterior margin and pointed and densely distributed along posterior margin near dorsal cleft, central region of thorax without tubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF29565EFD53F98B" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF29565EFEF4FA98" box="[198,335,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Abdomen—</emphasis>
tergite I with 1+1 submedian simple trichomes; tergite II with three submedian spiniform setae in row, one sublateral seta and 2+2 simple setae anterior to outermost spiniform setae; tergites III–IV with four spiniform setae in row, one simple small seta anterior to outermost spiniform setae and 1+1 lateral simple setae; tergites V–VII without setae; tergite VIII with spine combs resembling teeth on anterior margin; tergite IX weakly sclerotised with 1+1 small terminal spines. Sternite V with 2+2 adjacent, bifid hooks in row on posterior margin; sternites VI–VII with 2+2 well separated simple or bifid hooks on posterior margin. Spine combs on anterior margins of tergites V–IX.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A663B14FF8EFFC4FF295549FF57F9DB" blockId="32.[151,1436,152,1658]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="18ADE706FF8EFFC4FF295549FEA9F9F0" bold="true" box="[198,274,1591,1617]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Larva</emphasis>
. A description of the larva is given by
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FF8EFFC4FD185546FC0CF9F3" author="Coscaron, S." box="[759,951,1592,1618]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" pagination="65 - 76" refId="ref44501" refString="Coscaron, S. (1982) Notas sobre simulidos Neotropicales X. Sobre un grupo peculiar de especies del genero Simulium del S. E. de Brasil, Paraguay y N. O. de Argentina (Diptera-Insecta). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 41, 65 - 76." type="journal article" year="1982">Coscarón (1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4E4846E5FF8EFFC4FC295546FBBAF9F3" author="Coscaron, S." box="[966,1025,1592,1618]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refId="ref44603" refString="Coscaron, S. (1991) Simuliidae. Fauna de Agua Dulce de la Republica Argentina 38 (Insecta Diptera) (2). FECIC, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 304 pp." type="book" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
) and Coscarón &amp; Coscarón-Arias (2007).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>