348 lines
41 KiB
XML
348 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1C36634A7908B586F469472D356BDFBB">Updated catalog and generic keys of the Leiodidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Neotropical region (“ Latin America ”: Mexico, the West Indies, and Central and South America)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C56B2BAE2E8F064B1A48CB9A58E58065">Gnaspini, Pedro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83FCE85CA3A95B1DB1C6DE3DB1A86677">Newton, Alfred F.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="8EFCB9A2FFBF871CFF75CBABFE18F6DD" box="[151,463,1183,1210]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBF871CFF75CBABFE18F6DD" blockId="68.[151,463,1183,1210]" box="[151,463,1183,1210]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<heading id="9D115D45FFBF871CFF75CBABFE18F6DD" bold="true" box="[151,463,1183,1210]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF75CBABFE18F6DD" bold="true" box="[151,463,1183,1210]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFF0FCB94FE18F6DD" ID-CoL="62BGY" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[237,463,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF0FCB94FEB8F6DD" bold="true" box="[237,367,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
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Panzer
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBF871CFF75CBDCFC8AF500" blockId="68.[151,1437,1255,2039]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFF75CBDCFE65F765" ID-CoL="62BGY" authority="Panzer, 1797" authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1797" box="[151,434,1256,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF75CBDCFEC4F765" bold="true" box="[151,275,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFEFECBDCFE65F765" author="Panzer, G. W." box="[284,434,1256,1282]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref103189" refString="Panzer, G. W. (1797) Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia oder deutschlands Insekten. Heft 37. Felssecker, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1797">Panzer, 1797</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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: no. 8. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFD44CBDCFB9AF765" ID-CoL="8YC7P" authority="Kugelann, 1794: 538" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityPageNumber="538" authorityYear="1794" box="[678,1101,1255,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Volvoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFD44CBDCFC80F765" box="[678,855,1256,1282]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Volvoxis glabra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFCBDCBDCFB9AF765" author="Kugelann, J. G." box="[863,1101,1255,1282]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="513 - 582" refId="ref101871" refString="Kugelann, J. G. (1794) Verzeichniss der in einigen Gegenden Preussens bis jetzt entdeckten Kaefer-Arten nebst kurzen Nachrichten von denselben. Neuestes Magazin fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie, 1, 513 - 582." type="journal article" year="1794">Kugelann, 1794: 538</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(misidentification of
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFAA6CBDCFE77F740" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Tritoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFAA6CBDCFEF9F741" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tritoma glabra</emphasis>
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Fabricius
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</taxonomicName>
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) (5 species in original description, four as “new” [but not stated as such]—
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFAE7CA38FA95F742" ID-CoL="3SYGM" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1285,1346,1292,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFAE7CA38FA95F742" box="[1285,1346,1292,1317]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">picea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFAB0CA38FE89F72C" authority="(Fabricius)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Tritoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFAB0CA38FA4AF741" box="[1362,1437,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">glabra</emphasis>
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(Fabricius)
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</taxonomicName>
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[
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFE8CCA04FE10F72E" ID-CoL="82LX" box="[366,455,1328,1353]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Tritoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFE8CCA04FE10F72E" box="[366,455,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tritoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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],
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFE3CCA04FD95F72E" box="[478,578,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">corrusca</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFDADCA04FD6EF72D" box="[591,697,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">corticalis</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFD25CA04FCF4F72E" box="[711,803,1328,1353]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">testacea</emphasis>
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); des. in
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFC68CA04FB9CF72D" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[906,1099,1327,1354]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref100402" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1929 b) Liodidae, Clambidae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 105. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hatch, 1929b: 50</bibRefCitation>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFB98CA04FA4BF72D" ID-CoL="8YC7P" authority="Kugelann" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityYear="1794" box="[1146,1436,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Volvoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFB98CA04FAFEF72D" box="[1146,1321,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Volvoxis glabra</emphasis>
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Kugelann
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</taxonomicName>
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[sic], not stated as taxonomic change). Note: The type species of
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFC5CCA60FBE1F709" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[958,1078,1364,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFC5CCA60FBE1F709" box="[958,1078,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has usually been cited in recent literature (e.g., in
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFE4DCA4CFDA9F7F6" author="Newton, A. F. Jr." box="[431,638,1399,1426]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="41 - 177" refId="ref102584" refString="Newton, A. F. Jr. (1998) Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalog of World Leiodidae (including Cholevidae). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino Atti, 8, 41 - 177." type="journal article" year="1998">Newton, 1998: 96</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFD69CA4CFCB3F7F5" author="Perreau, M." box="[651,868,1399,1426]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="180 - 291" refId="ref105288" refString="Perreau, M. (2015) Family Leiodidae Fleming, 1821. In: Lobl, I. & Lobl, D. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 2. Revised and updated edition. Hydrophiloidea-Staphylinoidea. Brill, Leiden & Boston, pp. 180 - 291." type="book chapter" year="2015">Perreau, 2015: 272</bibRefCitation>
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) as
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFC71CA4CFB2EF7F5" authority="Fabricius, 1787" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[915,1273,1400,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Tritoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFC71CA4CFBE8F7F5" box="[915,1087,1400,1426]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tritoma glabra</emphasis>
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Fabricius, 1787
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the actual type specimen (a
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<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBF871CFE10CAA8FD9CF7D1" box="[498,587,1436,1462]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
) of
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFD9ACAA8FC45F7D1" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1787" box="[632,914,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Tritoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFD9ACAA8FCF4F7D1" box="[632,803,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Tritoma glabra</emphasis>
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Fabricius
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</taxonomicName>
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belongs to the agyrtid genus
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFB3FCAA8FA4BF7D1" ID-CoL="8XL3G" authority="Stephens" authorityName="Stephens" box="[1245,1436,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Agyrtidae" genus="Ecanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFB3FCAA8FAF8F7D2" box="[1245,1327,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ecanus</emphasis>
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Stephens
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</taxonomicName>
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and is the type species of that genus, as confirmed to us by Jan Růžička (2019, personal comm., based on a photograph of the
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<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBF871CFE51CAD0FDD9F799" box="[435,526,1508,1534]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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), The type species of
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFCE7CAD0FCAAF799" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[773,893,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFCE7CAD0FCAAF799" box="[773,893,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in contrast, is the species referred to by
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFAB2CAD0FEFAF445" author="Panzer, G. W." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref103189" refString="Panzer, G. W. (1797) Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia oder deutschlands Insekten. Heft 37. Felssecker, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1797">Panzer (1797)</bibRefCitation>
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as
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFEB6C93CFD42F445" authority="Kugelann" authorityName="Kugelann" box="[340,661,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFEB6C93CFDC9F445" box="[340,542,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma glabra</emphasis>
|
||
Kugelann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, and subsequently designated as type species of
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<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFB55C93CFAF8F445" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[1207,1327,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFB55C93CFAF8F445" box="[1207,1327,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFABBC93CFEB2F421" author="Hatch, M. H." pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref100402" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1929 b) Liodidae, Clambidae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 105. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hatch (1929b: 50)</bibRefCitation>
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as noted above. The confusion has arisen because
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFC72C918FB50F421" author="Kugelann, J. G." box="[912,1159,1579,1606]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="513 - 582" refId="ref101871" refString="Kugelann, J. G. (1794) Verzeichniss der in einigen Gegenden Preussens bis jetzt entdeckten Kaefer-Arten nebst kurzen Nachrichten von denselben. Neuestes Magazin fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie, 1, 513 - 582." type="journal article" year="1794">Kugelann (1794: 538)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who provided a description of this species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFE36C964FD55F40D" ID-CoL="8YC7P" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityYear="1794" box="[468,642,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Volvoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFE36C964FD55F40D" box="[468,642,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Volvoxis glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cited the Fabricius name in his synonymy. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFB3AC964FAA7F40D" author="Panzer, G. W." box="[1240,1392,1616,1642]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref103189" refString="Panzer, G. W. (1797) Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia oder deutschlands Insekten. Heft 37. Felssecker, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1797">Panzer (1797</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: no. 8) explicitly indicated that he used the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFD3AC940FCF4F4E9" ID-CoL="8YC7P" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityYear="1794" box="[728,803,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Volvoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFD3AC940FCF4F4E9" box="[728,803,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">glabra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the sense of Kugelann, not of Fabricius. According to Art. 69.2.4 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFE1AC9ACFD54F4D5" author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[504,643,1688,1714]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref101125" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. London. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. Available from: http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / index. jsp (accessed 24 September 2019)" type="url" year="1999">ICZN, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) “If an author subsequently designates as type species a species originally included as an expressly stated misidentification or misapplication of a previously established nominal species, the species so designated is the nominal species denoted by the name of the taxonomic species actually involved (and not the nominal species cited).” We accept that this applies to the current situation, and cite
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFF01C81CFDD2F525" ID-CoL="8YC7P" authority="Kugelann" authorityName="Kugelann" authorityYear="1794" box="[227,517,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Volvoxis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabra">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF01C81CFE45F525" box="[227,402,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Volvoxis glabra</emphasis>
|
||
Kugelann
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as type species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFD37C81CFC77F525" ID-CoL="62BGY" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[725,928,1832,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFD37C81CFC9AF525" box="[725,845,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following Hatch (1929), which maintains the current usage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFE7CC878FDC1F501" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[414,534,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFE7CC878FDC1F501" box="[414,534,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see also other notes below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBF871CFF75C844FC50F5B5" blockId="68.[151,1437,1255,2039]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF75C844FEFCF5EE" box="[151,299,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">= Pentatoma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFED1C844FDF5F5ED" author="Schneider, D. H." box="[307,546,1904,1930]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="334 - 339" refId="ref108359" refString="Schneider, D. H. (1792) Auszug aus der sehr einsichtsvollen Rezension eben dieses Wertes, in der Jenaischen allgemeinen Litteratur-Zeitung pro 1792. Nro. 78. Neuestes Magazin fur die Liebhaber der Entomologie, 1, 334 - 339." type="journal article" year="1792">Schneider, 1792: 339</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(preoccupied, not Olivier [1789]).
|
||
<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBF871CFC52C844FC3FF5ED" box="[944,1000,1904,1930]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFBADC844FEC4F5C9" ID-CoL="8XYJL" authority="Fabricius" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Sphaeridium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humerale">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFBADC844FA87F5ED" box="[1103,1360,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sphaeridium humerale</emphasis>
|
||
Fabricius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; not in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFE8BC8A0FDCEF5C9" author="Sherborn, C. D." box="[361,537,1940,1966]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref108696" refString="Sherborn, C. D. (1902) Index Animalium, sive index nominum quae ab A. D. MDCCLVIII generibus et speciebus animalium imposita sunt. Sectio prima, a kalendis Ianuariis, MDCCLVIII usque ad finem Decembris, MDCCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, iix + 1195 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 159249" type="book" year="1902">Sherborn, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; des. in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFD9AC8A0FCECF5C9" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[632,827,1939,1966]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref100402" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1929 b) Liodidae, Clambidae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 105. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hatch, 1929b: 50</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(not stated as taxonomic change). Note: Several orig. spp., not clear which ones of many mentioned in discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBF871DFF75C8E8FBF3F3EC" blockId="68.[151,1437,1255,2039]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1437,153,611]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBF871CFF75C8E8FEE4F591" box="[151,307,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBF871CFF50C8E8FEFBF591" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[178,300,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anisotoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBF871CFED9C8E8FE25F592" author="Illiger, J. K. W." box="[315,498,2011,2038]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref101176" refString="Illiger, J. K. W. (1798) Verzeichniss der Kafer Preussens. J. J. Gebauer, Halle, xlii + 510 pp." type="book" year="1798">Illiger, 1798: 69</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(attributed to Knoch). Note: The reference to Knoch is apparently to some unpub- lished source. The name had already been used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFCF6CFADFC66F2D4" author="Panzer, G. W." box="[788,945,153,179]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref103189" refString="Panzer, G. W. (1797) Fauna insectorum Germanicae initia oder deutschlands Insekten. Heft 37. Felssecker, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1797">Panzer (1797)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
but that work is cited by Illiger only for two included species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFE4ECF89FDA5F2B0" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[428,626,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFE4ECF89FDC9F2B0" box="[428,542,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A. piceum</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFD4ECF89FC63F2BF" authority="(Kugelann)" baseAuthorityName="Kugelann" box="[684,948,189,216]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFD4ECF89FCFBF2B0" box="[684,812,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A. glabrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Kugelann)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]. This use of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFB67CF89FB2AF2B0" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[1157,1277,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFB67CF89FB2AF2B0" box="[1157,1277,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Illiger has been widely cited as the source of the name (e.g., by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFCDFCFD5FBCCF29C" author="Thomson, C. G." box="[829,1051,224,251]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref109483" refString="Thomson, C. G. (1859) Skandinaviens Coleoptera, synoptiskt bearbetade. Vol. 1. Berlingska Boktryckeriet, Lund, 290 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 138677" type="book" year="1859">Thomson, 1859: 58</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFB02CFD5FEEDF347" authority="(Illiger)" baseAuthorityName="Illiger" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFB02CFD5FA4AF29C" box="[1248,1437,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma picea</emphasis>
|
||
(Illiger)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic] as
|
||
<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBE871DFE75CE31FE10F378" box="[407,455,261,287]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFDADCE31FCCFF347" ID-CoL="62BGY" authority="Illiger" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1798" box="[591,792,261,288]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFDADCE31FD10F378" box="[591,711,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
Illiger
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”), but it was almost certainly not intended as a new name. Here we consider Illiger’s
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFDF7CE1DFD5AF324" ID-CoL="62BGY" authorityName="Illiger" authorityYear="1798" box="[533,653,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFDF7CE1DFD5AF324" box="[533,653,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a subsequent use of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFC43CE1DFBA7F324" ID-CoL="62BGY" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[929,1136,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFC43CE1DFBCEF324" box="[929,1049,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and disregard Thomson’s designation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFE6CCE79FD62F300" authority="Panzer" authorityName="Panzer" box="[398,693,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFE6CCE79FDB7F300" box="[398,608,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma piceum</emphasis>
|
||
Panzer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBE871DFD3DCE79FCD8F300" box="[735,783,333,359]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species (that species is now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFBBCCE79FAB1F300" ID-CoL="3SYGM" authority="(Panzer)" baseAuthorityName="Panzer" baseAuthorityYear="1797" box="[1118,1382,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="picea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFBBCCE79FB2BF300" box="[1118,1276,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Leiodes picea</emphasis>
|
||
(Panzer)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and accepting that designation would make
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFD7DCE45FCC0F3EC" ID-CoL="62BGY" box="[671,791,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Anisotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFD7DCE45FCC0F3EC" box="[671,791,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Anisotoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFC5FCE45FBC3F3EC" ID-CoL="8VRS7" box="[957,1044,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFC5FCE45FBC3F3EC" box="[957,1044,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Leiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CEA2FB0EF39F" blockId="69.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E6F6CD07FFBE871DFF75CEA2FB0EF39F" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFF75CEA2FF7DF3C8" box="[151,170,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">=</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4747CC38FFBE871DFF51CEA2FE24F3C8" author="Portevin, G." box="[179,499,405,431]" page="82" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1927">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFF51CEA2FE24F3C8" authority="Portevin, 1927 a: 82" authorityName="Portevin" authorityPageNumber="82" authorityYear="1927" box="[179,499,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Eucyrta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFF51CEA2FEDBF3C8" box="[179,268,406,431]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eucyrta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFEF6CEA1FE24F3C8" author="Portevin, G." box="[276,499,405,431]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="73 - 94" refId="ref105780" refString="Portevin, G. (1927 a) Les Liodidae du Japon. In: Encyclopedie Entomologique (B), Coleoptera. Vol. 2. P. Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 73 - 94." type="book chapter" year="1927">Portevin, 1927a: 82</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[as “p. 83” in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFD7FCEA1FC85F3C8" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[669,850,404,431]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="251 - 309" refId="ref109735" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1979 a) Slime mold beetles of the genus Anisotoma (Leiodidae): classification and evolution. Systematic Entomology, 4, 251 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00642. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Wheeler, 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
] (preoccupied, not Felder [1874]);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4747CC38FFBE871DFB01CEA1FEDAF3B4" author="Wheeler, Q. D." page="266" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1979">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFB01CEA1FEDAF3B4" author="Wheeler, Q. D." pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="251 - 309" refId="ref109735" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1979 a) Slime mold beetles of the genus Anisotoma (Leiodidae): classification and evolution. Systematic Entomology, 4, 251 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00642. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Wheeler, 1979a: 266</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
syn.
|
||
<typeStatus id="195D548BFFBE871DFEAFCE8DFE52F3B4" box="[333,389,441,467]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFE0DCE8EFCF6F3B4" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1927" box="[495,801,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Eucyrta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFE0DCE8EFD6EF3B4" box="[495,697,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eucyrta didymata</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4 species in original description, all as “new”—
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFAB8CE8EFA42F3B4" box="[1370,1429,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">curta</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFF01CEE9FE9CF390" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1927" box="[227,331,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Eucyrta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="didymata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFF01CEE9FE9CF390" box="[227,331,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">didymata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFEBBCEE9FE60F390" box="[345,439,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">frontalis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFE27CEE9FDE7F390" box="[453,560,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">biplagata</emphasis>
|
||
); des. in
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4747CC38FFBE871DFD7ACEE9FC8DF390" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[664,858,476,503]" page="57" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1929">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFD7ACEE9FC8DF390" author="Hatch, M. H." box="[664,858,476,503]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref100402" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1929 b) Liodidae, Clambidae. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 105. W. Junk, Berlin, pp. 1 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1929">Hatch, 1929b: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(not stated as taxonomic change).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CD35FD48F027" blockId="69.[151,1437,153,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Note 1: Genus misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFDE2CD35FCB7F07C" ID-CoL="8VRS7" authority="in Schmidt, 1841: 132" authorityName="in Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="1841" box="[512,864,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Leiodidae" genus="Leiodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F492363BFFBE871DFDE2CD35FD80F07C" box="[512,599,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Leiodes</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFD9CCD35FCB7F07C" author="Schmidt, W. L. E." box="[638,864,513,539]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="130 - 202" refId="ref108332" refString="Schmidt, W. L. E. (1841) Revision des deutschen Anisotomen. Zeitschrift fur die Entomologie, 3, 130 - 202." type="journal article" year="1841">Schmidt, 1841: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; misidentification corrected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFB2ACD35FA40F07C" author="Reitter, E." box="[1224,1431,513,539]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="3 - 122" refId="ref105938" refString="Reitter, E. (1884) Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europaischen Coleoptera XII. Necrophaga. Verhandlungen des Naturforschenden Vereines in Brunn, 23, 3 - 122." type="journal article" year="1884">Reitter, 1884: 108</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see discussion in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFE44CD11FD46F027" author="Baranowski, R." box="[422,657,549,576]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref98135" refString="Baranowski, R. (1993) Revision of the genus Leiodes Latrielle of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement, 42, 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1993">Baranowski, 1993: 6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8EFCB9A2FFBE871DFF75CD7DFE0EF15C" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CD7DFB67F004" blockId="69.[151,1437,153,611]" box="[151,1200,585,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Note 2: Revised in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFE8DCD7DFDF9F004" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[367,558,585,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="251 - 309" refId="ref109735" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1979 a) Slime mold beetles of the genus Anisotoma (Leiodidae): classification and evolution. Systematic Entomology, 4, 251 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00642. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Wheeler (1979a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who proposed a system of species groups for this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CDA5FCFDF0CC" blockId="69.[151,810,657,683]" box="[151,810,657,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Key: to species groups and species in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFDA2CDA5FCF1F0CC" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[576,806,657,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="251 - 309" refId="ref109735" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1979 a) Slime mold beetles of the genus Anisotoma (Leiodidae): classification and evolution. Systematic Entomology, 4, 251 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00642. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Wheeler 1979a: 271</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CDEDFCBBF094" blockId="69.[151,1436,728,827]" box="[151,876,728,755]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Distribution: 57 spp.—Holarctic, Oriental, northern Neotropical.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C659EA29FFBE871DFF75CDC9FE0EF15C" blockId="69.[151,1436,728,827]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Biology: Feeders on plasmodia and fruiting bodies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="01E691AAFFBE871DFD1FCDC9FC4EF170" box="[765,921,765,791]" class="Myxomycetes" kingdom="Protozoa" pageId="69" pageNumber="17" phylum="Mycetozoa" rank="class">myxomycetes</taxonomicName>
|
||
slime molds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFBD8CDC9FB0FF170" author="Russell, L. K." box="[1082,1240,765,791]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref106044" refString="Russell, L. K. (1979) Beetles associated with slime molds (Mycetozoa) in Oregon and California (Coleoptera: Leiodidae, Sphindidae, Lathridiidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 55, 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1979">Russell, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFB06CDC9FA4FF170" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[1252,1432,765,791]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="251 - 309" refId="ref109735" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1979 a) Slime mold beetles of the genus Anisotoma (Leiodidae): classification and evolution. Systematic Entomology, 4, 251 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1979. tb 00642. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Wheeler, 1979a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFF01CC15FEC9F15C" author="Wheeler, Q. D." box="[227,286,801,827]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref110012" refString="Wheeler, Q. D. (1990) Morphology and ontogeny of postembryonic larval Agathidium and Anisotoma (Coleoptera: Leiodidae). American Museum Novitates, 2986, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A27797D8FFBE871DFEC8CC15FE1BF15C" author="Newton, A. F. Jr." box="[298,460,801,827]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="302 - 353" refId="ref102466" refString="Newton, A. F. Jr. (1984) Mycophagy in Staphylinoidea (Coleoptera). In: Wheeler, Q. & Blackwell, M. (Eds.), Fungus-insect relationships: perspectives in ecology and evolution. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 302 - 353." type="book chapter" year="1984">Newton, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |