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<document id="D627698BE2EF7AD6E1981AAF56FD112B" ID-CLB-Dataset="20763" ID-DOI="10.37520/aemnp.2021.025" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0839d72f-9521-4f11-916a-4b4c8ea24e8f" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5821143" ID-ZooBank="85434EFF-F859-4BBF-8AB5-F50B9BA08771" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1641390032322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moctezuma, Victor, Halffter, Gonzalo &amp; Lizardo, Viridiana" docDate="2021" docId="1B2B878A8A33FFA7FE94FD4FEDD1FC07" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.61.2.447-482.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 61 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Phanaeus tridens Castelnau 1840" docType="key" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="473" masterDocId="E712FFF28A2AFFBDFFD5FFAAEF26FFB2" masterDocTitle="The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche" masterLastPageNumber="482" masterPageNumber="447" pageNumber="472" updateTime="1699295799786" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="CD1663AA2F6098FBDC5B9CC7CD65F502">The Phanaeus tridens species group (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea): a dung beetle group with genital morphological stasis but a changing ecological niche</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA9A5FFF7022C458697AF76CB4CFD445">Moctezuma, Victor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82907BA8E4DF517AB008DD552EB8BD75">Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala de Xicohténcatl, Tlaxcala 90070, Mexico, Km 1.5 Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla S / N, La Loma Xicohtencatl.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="96DCA9D9B21882905BE0DBF21499F562">Halffter, Gonzalo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="05C2BF61AFF7224B6BDF1AF3C059DAB1">Emeritus Researcher, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Xalapa, Veracruz 91073, Mexico, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="59ED224BD6A13730B60CB72D20A3FF45">Lizardo, Viridiana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="28003AC3FF54CB14995F9D69A18F4535">Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico, Apartado Postal 70 - 399.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8F4A3D820046ED76FA6A265D9EA31D14">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4AD248382283ED38B1D8A1B95575EFF0">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="583F975585A44939037A00B2B5C7B765">2021-12-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F0973CDB7A7FADEA527600F76D578B53">61</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8E6CF08EDB57BD590EA2C5C9D443EA17" type="DOI">10.37520/aemnp.2021.025</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="1B2B878A8A33FFA7FE94FD4FEDD1FC07" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303372" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193278660" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6303372" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B2B878A8A33FFA7FE94FD4FEDD1FC07" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1B2B878A8A33FFA7FE94FD4FEDD1FC07" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<subSubSection id="DB9865178A33FFA4FE94FD4FED81FC93" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" type="nomenclature">
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Key to the species of the
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FECFFCADEED6FC93" ID-CoL="4FSL8" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[282,496,775,801]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FECFFCADEED6FC93" bold="true" box="[282,496,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Phanaeus tridens</emphasis>
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species group
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<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FC92EDD1FCFD" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" box="[151,759,824,847]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
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1 Elytral interstriae flat (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE7BFC92ED0FFCFD" box="[430,553,824,847]" captionStart-0="Figs 10–12" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Figs 14–15" captionStartId-0="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,182,2061,2080]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetBox-1="[329,1263,1275,2048]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetId-1="figure-548@10.[325,1263,1272,2051]" captionTargetId-2="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH)." captionText-2="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976087" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5976087/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 11–15</figureCitation>
). ........................ 2
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FCF2EDD1FC3D" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42FCF2EDD1FC3D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Elytral interstriae distinctly convex (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD96FCF2ED85FCDD" box="[579,675,856,879]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–5" captionStart-1="Figs 6–7" captionStart-2="Figs 8–9" captionStartId-0="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,188,1208,1227]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,187,1301,1320]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetBox-1="[256,1333,189,1187]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1395,200,1349]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@7.[249,1338,189,1187]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@8.[183,1405,189,1353]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 6–7. Phanaeus moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 6 – male; 7 – holotype and labels (by Patrick Arnaud, PFASF). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="Figs 8–9.Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud,2001, stat.rev. 8 – male green phase;9 – holotype" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821154" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821156" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821154/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5821156/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD7BFCF2EDD5FCDD" box="[686,755,856,879]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FF68FCD2EE25FC3D" box="[189,259,888,911]" captionStart-0="Figs 19–21" captionStart-1="Figs 22–23" captionStart-2="Figs 24–26" captionStart-3="Figs 27–28" captionStart-4="Figs 29–31" captionStartId-0="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,187,2059,2078]" captionStartId-2="18.[1077,1116,1898,1917]" captionStartId-3="19.[151,188,2053,2072]" captionStartId-4="20.[760,797,2004,2023]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,868,2002]" captionTargetBox-2="[171,1437,210,2077]" captionTargetBox-3="[180,1416,1165,2034]" captionTargetBox-4="[162,1438,503,2076]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetId-1="figure-366@16.[151,1436,868,2014]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@18.[147,1432,210,2058]" captionTargetId-3="figure-507@19.[151,1436,1165,2040]" captionTargetId-4="figure-184@20.[155,1432,503,2079]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="18" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionText-0="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 22–23.Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat.rev.22 – male green phase;23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek,NMPC).Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="Figs 24–26. Phanaeus nimrod Harold, 1863. 24 – male green-red phase; 25 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 26 – P. babori Balthasar, 1939, junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-3="Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-4="Figs 29–31. Phanaeus eximius Bates, 1887. 29 – male blue phase; 30 – female green phase (typical); 31 – lectotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821170" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821174" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821176" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821178" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821170/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5821174/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5821176/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5821178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">19–31</figureCitation>
). ..................................................................... 4
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FF42FC32EDD1FA9D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FC32EDD1FB3D" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42FC32EDD1FB3D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
2 Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into slender and elongate denticle (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDDFFC12ED79FC7D" box="[522,607,952,975]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDB9FC12EDACFC7D" box="[620,650,952,975]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">48</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process and posterolateral angles of pronotum conical, similar in size (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE1BFC52ED03FBBD" box="[462,549,1016,1039]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDE0FC52ED75FBBD" box="[565,595,1016,1039]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">48</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae superficially impressed or partially erased (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD1DFBB2EE22FBFD" captionStart="Figs 14–15" captionStartId="11.[151,188,2063,2082]" captionTargetBox="[165,1436,1055,2025]" captionTargetId="figure-495@11.[151,1436,1044,2033]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figs 14–15. Phanaeus substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. 14 – male; 15 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821160/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 14–15</figureCitation>
). Southern
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FEA9FB92EEE3FBFD" box="[380,453,1080,1103]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Puebla</collectingRegion>
to northern
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FD92FB92EDB1FBFD" box="[583,663,1080,1103]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
and central
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FF32FBF2EE61FBDD" box="[231,327,1112,1135]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE83FBF2EE80FBDD" box="[342,422,1112,1135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
). ............................................... ................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FE71FBD2EDD1FB3D" ID-CoL="8TJTG" authority="Balthasar, 1939" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[420,759,1144,1167]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="substriolatus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FE71FBD2ED6DFB3D" bold="true" box="[420,587,1144,1167]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. substriolatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FD84FBD2EDD1FB3D" author="Balthasar" box="[593,759,1144,1167]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref24264" refString="BALTHASAR V. 1939: Neue Phanaeus - Arten. (7. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9 (2): 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FB32EDD1FA9D" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42FB32EDD1FA9D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into small denticle (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FEB4FB12EE93FB7D" box="[353,437,1208,1231]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE15FB12ED2EFB7D" box="[448,520,1208,1231]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">46–47</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral angles much longer than posteromedial process of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FF11FB52EE31FABD" box="[196,279,1272,1295]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FEF6FB52EE4CFABD" box="[291,362,1272,1295]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">46–47</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae distinctly impressed (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FF3AFAB2EE4DFA9D" box="[239,363,1304,1327]" captionStart-0="Figs 10–12" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,182,2061,2080]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetBox-1="[329,1263,1275,2048]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetId-1="figure-548@10.[325,1263,1272,2051]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976087" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5976087/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 10–13</figureCitation>
). .................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FF42FA92EDD1F9FD" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FA92EDD1FA7D" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42FA92EDD1FA7D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
3 Metallic green, rarely deep-blue with green sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FF11FAF2EE65FADD" box="[196,323,1368,1391]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae I, III, V, VI and VII frequently roughened (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE66FAD2ED16FA3D" box="[435,560,1400,1423]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FD90FAD2EFFFFA1D" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Estado de México</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FF36FA32EE60FA1D" box="[227,326,1432,1455]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FE84FA32EE8BFA1D" box="[337,429,1432,1455]" country="Mexico" name="Morelos" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Morelos</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FE62FA32ED24FA1D" box="[439,514,1432,1455]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Puebla</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FDD8FA32ED7BFA1D" box="[525,605,1432,1455]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDB9FA32ED9AFA1D" box="[620,700,1432,1455]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
). ..... .............................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FE26FA12EDD1FA7D" ID-CoL="779BP" authority="Harold, 1863" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[499,759,1464,1487]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daphnis">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FE26FA12ED42FA7D" bold="true" box="[499,612,1464,1487]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. daphnis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FDBEFA12EDD1FA7D" author="Harold" box="[619,759,1464,1487]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="161 - 176" refId="ref26135" refString="HAROLD E. 1863: Note sur les especes mexicaines du genre Phanaeus et descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de coleopteres mexicains. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 4 (3): 161 - 176." type="journal article" year="1863">Harold, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42FA72EDD1F9FD" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42FA72EDD1F9FD" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Dark blue with metallic turquoise sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD43FA72EDCCFA5D" box="[662,746,1496,1519]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[151,182,2061,2080]" captionTargetBox="[329,1263,1275,2048]" captionTargetId="figure-548@10.[325,1263,1272,2051]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 13. Phanaeus coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev., holotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5976087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5976087/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae I, III and V smooth; VI and VII lightly roughened (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE5DF9B2ED22F99D" box="[392,516,1560,1583]" captionStart="Figs 10–12" captionStartId="9.[760,797,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[166,1438,335,2082]" captionTargetId="figure-13@9.[151,1436,335,2082]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figs 10–12. Phanaeus daphnis Harold, 1863. 10 – male green phase; 11 – male deep blue-green phase; 12 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821158/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 10–12</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FDC2F9B2ED45F99D" box="[535,611,1560,1583]" country="Mexico" name="Puebla" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Puebla</collectingRegion>
. .................... ............................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FE3BF992EDD1F9FD" ID-CoL="8TJQP" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[494,759,1592,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coeruleus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FE3BF992ED55F9FD" bold="true" box="[494,627,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. coeruleus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FDAFF992EDD1F9FD" author="Bates" box="[634,759,1592,1615]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FF42F9F2EDD1F7BD" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42F9F2EDD1F89D" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42F9F2EDD1F89D" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
4 Posteromedial process of pronotum strongly widened as triangular ridge, not bifurcated apically, much longer than posterolateral angles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDDBF932ED42F91D" box="[526,612,1688,1711]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 40</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDA4F932EDA9F91D" box="[625,655,1688,1711]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">52</figureCitation>
). Clypeal process (viewed from front) narrow, acute, usually much longer than wide at base (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDCDF972EDB0F95D" box="[536,662,1752,1775]" captionStart="Figs 24–26" captionStartId="18.[1077,1116,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[171,1437,210,2077]" captionTargetId="figure-13@18.[147,1432,210,2058]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figs 24–26. Phanaeus nimrod Harold, 1863. 24 – male green-red phase; 25 – lectotype and labels (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 26 – P. babori Balthasar, 1939, junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821174/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 24–26</figureCitation>
). Central Valleys of
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FEFAF952EE59F8BD" box="[303,383,1784,1807]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
to central
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FE25F952ED76F8BD" box="[496,592,1784,1807]" country="Mexico" name="Guerrero" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Guerrero</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD8AF952ED89F8BD" box="[607,687,1784,1807]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,182,1773,1792]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1017,1753]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[161,1427,1016,1754]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 67. Predicted distribution of P. nimrod Harold, 1863 and P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821203/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). ....... ..............................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FE2FF8B2EDD1F89D" ID-CoL="4FSKW" authority="Harold, 1863" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1863" box="[506,759,1816,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nimrod">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FE2FF8B2ED42F89D" bold="true" box="[506,612,1816,1839]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. nimrod</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FDBEF8B2EDD1F89D" author="Harold" box="[619,759,1816,1839]" firstAuthor="Harold" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="161 - 176" refId="ref26135" refString="HAROLD E. 1863: Note sur les especes mexicaines du genre Phanaeus et descriptions de quelques especes nouvelles de coleopteres mexicains. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 4 (3): 161 - 176." type="journal article" year="1863">Harold, 1863</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FF42F892EDD1F7BD" blockId="25.[151,760,824,2063]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FF42F892EDD1F7BD" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Posteromedial process of pronotum spine-like; triangular, not bifurcated apically, but shorter than posterolateral angles; or triangular, much longer than posterolateral angles but bifurcated apically (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FDADF832EE76F87D" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 32–34, 37–39, 41–42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE8FF812ED19F87D" box="[346,575,1976,1999]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">43–45, 49–51, 53–54</figureCitation>
). Clypeal process variable, but almost always broader than long (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FD1DF872EFC1F7BD" captionStart-0="Figs 1–5" captionStart-1="Figs 6–7" captionStart-2="Figs 8–9" captionStartId-0="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,188,1208,1227]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,187,1301,1320]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetBox-1="[256,1333,189,1187]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1395,200,1349]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@7.[249,1338,189,1187]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@8.[183,1405,189,1353]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 6–7. Phanaeus moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 6 – male; 7 – holotype and labels (by Patrick Arnaud, PFASF). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="Figs 8–9.Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud,2001, stat.rev. 8 – male green phase;9 – holotype" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821154" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821156" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821154/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5821156/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FF27F852EE11F7BD" box="[242,311,2040,2063]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE97F852EEAEF7BD" box="[322,392,2040,2063]" captionStart-0="Figs 19–21" captionStart-1="Figs 22–23" captionStartId-0="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,187,2059,2078]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,868,2002]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetId-1="figure-366@16.[151,1436,868,2014]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 22–23.Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat.rev.22 – male green phase;23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek,NMPC).Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821170" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821170/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">19–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FE47F852EEFFF7BD" box="[402,473,2040,2063]" captionStart-0="Figs 27–28" captionStart-1="Figs 29–31" captionStartId-0="19.[151,188,2053,2072]" captionStartId-1="20.[760,797,2004,2023]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1416,1165,2034]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1438,503,2076]" captionTargetId-0="figure-507@19.[151,1436,1165,2040]" captionTargetId-1="figure-184@20.[155,1432,503,2079]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 29–31. Phanaeus eximius Bates, 1887. 29 – male blue phase; 30 – female green phase (typical); 31 – lectotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821176" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821178" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821176/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">27–31</figureCitation>
). ..................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FCE9FF14EABAFEC7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FF14EABAFEA7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FF14EABAFEA7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
5 Elytral striae coarsely impressed and coarsely punctate with transverse punctures irregular in size (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAB8FF74EC8FFEA7" captionStart-0="Figs 27–28" captionStart-1="Figs 29–31" captionStartId-0="19.[151,188,2053,2072]" captionStartId-1="20.[760,797,2004,2023]" captionTargetBox-0="[180,1416,1165,2034]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1438,503,2076]" captionTargetId-0="figure-507@19.[151,1436,1165,2040]" captionTargetId-1="figure-184@20.[155,1432,503,2079]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 29–31. Phanaeus eximius Bates, 1887. 29 – male blue phase; 30 – female green phase (typical); 31 – lectotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821176" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821178" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821176/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 27–31</figureCitation>
). ..................................................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FEB4EABAFEC7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FEB4EABAFEC7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Elytral striae distinctly impressed and superficially punctate with almost effaced punctures (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAE4FE94EABEFEE7" box="[1329,1432,318,341]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–5" captionStart-1="Figs 6–7" captionStart-2="Figs 8–9" captionStartId-0="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,188,1208,1227]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,187,1301,1320]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetBox-1="[256,1333,189,1187]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1395,200,1349]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetId-1="figure-13@7.[249,1338,189,1187]" captionTargetId-2="figure-13@8.[183,1405,189,1353]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionText-0="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 6–7. Phanaeus moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 6 – male; 7 – holotype and labels (by Patrick Arnaud, PFASF). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-2="Figs 8–9.Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud,2001, stat.rev. 8 – male green phase;9 – holotype" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821154" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821156" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821154/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5821156/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 1–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FCB4FEF4EC80FEC7" box="[865,934,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">16–17</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC64FEF4ECDEFEC7" box="[945,1016,350,373]" captionStart-0="Figs 19–21" captionStart-1="Figs 22–23" captionStartId-0="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,187,2059,2078]" captionTargetBox-0="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1429,868,2002]" captionTargetId-0="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetId-1="figure-366@16.[151,1436,868,2014]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." captionText-1="Figs 22–23.Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat.rev.22 – male green phase;23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek,NMPC).Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821170" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5821170/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">19–23</figureCitation>
). ......................................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FCE9FED4EABAFD47" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FED4EABAFD87" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FED4EABAFD87" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
6 Bright metallic red with green-yellow sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAB8FED4EC81FE07" captionStart="Figs 27–28" captionStartId="19.[151,188,2053,2072]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,1165,2034]" captionTargetId="figure-507@19.[151,1436,1165,2040]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 27–28</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC66FE34ECF7FE07" box="[947,977,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">53</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral angles of pronotum longer than posteromedial process (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB4DFE14EBCBFE67" box="[1176,1261,446,469]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 41</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB2FFE14EA3EFE67" box="[1274,1304,446,469]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">53</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae distinctly scabriculous (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB68FE74EA1CFE47" box="[1213,1338,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 27–28" captionStartId="19.[151,188,2053,2072]" captionTargetBox="[180,1416,1165,2034]" captionTargetId="figure-507@19.[151,1436,1165,2040]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figs 27–28. Phanaeus victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. 27 – holotype male; 28 – paratype female. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821176/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 27–28</figureCitation>
). Eastern
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FCB4FE54EC97FDA7" box="[865,945,510,533]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
and probably western
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FB71FE54EBDCFDA7" box="[1188,1274,510,533]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FADCFE54EA7FFDA7" box="[1289,1369,510,533]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,182,1773,1792]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1017,1753]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[161,1427,1016,1754]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 67. Predicted distribution of P. nimrod Harold, 1863 and P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821203/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 67</figureCitation>
). ....... ................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FB94FDB4EA19FD87" ID-CoL="8TJT4" authority="Moctezuma" authorityName="Moctezuma" authorityYear="2021" box="[1089,1343,542,565]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="victoriae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FB94FDB4EB9CFD87" bold="true" box="[1089,1210,542,565]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. victoriae</emphasis>
Moctezuma
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BAC557F58A33FFA4FA90FDB4EABAFD87" box="[1349,1436,542,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FA90FDB4EAB3FD87" bold="true" box="[1349,1429,542,565]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FD94EABAFD47" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FD94EABAFD47" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Metallic green, blue-green, dark blue, green-yellow, or red (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC64FDF4EB0BFDC7" box="[945,1069,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 29–31" captionStartId="20.[760,797,2004,2023]" captionTargetBox="[162,1438,503,2076]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[155,1432,503,2079]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 29–31. Phanaeus eximius Bates, 1887. 29 – male blue phase; 30 – female green phase (typical); 31 – lectotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 29–31</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBECFDF4EB71FDC7" box="[1081,1111,606,629]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">54</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral angles of pronotum shorter than posteromedial process of pronotum (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC4CFD34ECCBFD07" box="[921,1005,670,693]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 42</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC2DFD34EB30FD07" box="[1016,1046,670,693]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">54</figureCitation>
). Elytral interstriae distinctly vermiculate (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC66FD14EB15FD67" box="[947,1075,702,725]" captionStart="Figs 29–31" captionStartId="20.[760,797,2004,2023]" captionTargetBox="[162,1438,503,2076]" captionTargetId="figure-184@20.[155,1432,503,2079]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figs 29–31. Phanaeus eximius Bates, 1887. 29 – male blue phase; 30 – female green phase (typical); 31 – lectotype and labels (by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821178/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 29–31</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A33FFA4FB9CFD14EB9BFD67" box="[1097,1213,702,725]" name="Guatemala" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A33FFA4FB32FD14EA79FD67" box="[1255,1375,702,725]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAA4FD14EC59FD47" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[151,182,940,959]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,190,924]" captionTargetId="figure-13@30.[162,1425,190,924]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 68. Predicted distribution of P. eximius Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821205/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
). ........................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FB72FD74EABAFD47" ID-CoL="4FSKJ" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[1191,1436,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximius">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FB72FD74EA3EFD47" bold="true" box="[1191,1304,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. eximius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FACBFD74EABAFD47" author="Bates" box="[1310,1436,734,757]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FCE9FD54EABAFBE7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FD54EABAFC27" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FD54EABAFC27" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
7 Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into thick, short, projection emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAB8FCB4EC80FCE7" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 38–39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC63FC94ECDBFCE7" box="[950,1021,830,853]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">50–51</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral portions of pronotum not sharply upturned nor produced into strong conical teeth (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC76FCD4EB38FC27" box="[931,1054,894,917]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 38–39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBFCFCD4EB57FC27" box="[1065,1137,894,917]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">50–51</figureCitation>
). ....................................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FC34EABAFBE7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FC34EABAFBE7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Posteromedial process of pronotum bifurcated apically, usually produced into elongate spine-like projection or triangular denticle (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB61FC74EA2AFC47" box="[1204,1292,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAC8FC74EAB6FC47" box="[1309,1424,990,1013]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">32–34, 37</figureCitation>
). Posterolateral portions of pronotum sharply upturned or produced into slender, elongate, conical teeth (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAB8FBB4EC82FBE7" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 18,32</figureCitation>
–34,37)......................................................... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FCE9FBF4EABAF9C7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FBF4EABAFAC7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FBF4EABAFAC7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
8 Metallic green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBDAFBF4EBA8FBC7" box="[1039,1166,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 19–21" captionStartId="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 19, 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB4EFBF4EB9FFBC7" box="[1179,1209,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">50</figureCitation>
), dark blue (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FA90FBF4EAB2FBC7" box="[1349,1428,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
) or garnet-red (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC2CFBD4EB6EFB27" box="[1017,1096,1150,1173]" captionStart="Figs 19–21" captionStartId="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
), occasionally green with bright red sheen. Pronotal disc strongly concave, rugose to granulorugose (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBD8FB14EBABFB67" box="[1037,1165,1214,1237]" captionStart="Figs 19–21" captionStartId="15.[151,188,2032,2051]" captionTargetBox="[159,1418,212,1967]" captionTargetId="figure-13@15.[151,1436,212,1973]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figs 19–21. Phanaeus furiosus Bates, 1887. 19 – male green phase; 20 – male red phase; 21 – lectotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821166/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 19–21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB48FB14EB9DFB67" box="[1181,1211,1214,1237]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">50</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral margins of pronotum with variable number of short tubercles; tubercles sometime carinate or rounded (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAA4FB54EC59FA87" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum thick basally, strongly emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB49FA94EBC9FAE7" box="[1180,1263,1342,1365]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 38</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB2CFA94EA31FAE7" box="[1273,1303,1342,1365]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">50</figureCitation>
). Central
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FAA8FA94ECB5FAC7" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
to
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FC63FAF4EB24FAC7" box="[950,1026,1374,1397]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Sonora</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBC5FAF4EB46FAC7" box="[1040,1120,1374,1397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,182,946,965]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@29.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 66. Predicted distribution of P. furiosus Bates, 1887 and P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821201/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
). .....
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FB76FAF4EABAFAC7" ID-CoL="4FSKL" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[1187,1436,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furiosus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FB76FAF4EA31FAC7" bold="true" box="[1187,1303,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. furiosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FACBFAF4EABAFAC7" author="Bates" box="[1310,1436,1374,1397]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9FAD4EABAF9C7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9FAD4EABAF9C7" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Metallic bright green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB84FAD4EBE8FA27" box="[1105,1230,1406,1429]" captionStart="Figs 22–23" captionStartId="16.[151,187,2059,2078]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,868,2002]" captionTargetId="figure-366@16.[151,1436,868,2014]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 22–23.Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat.rev.22 – male green phase;23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek,NMPC).Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821170/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
), occasionally with red sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC0EFA34EB08FA07" box="[987,1070,1438,1461]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 51</figureCitation>
). Pronotal disc flat, coarsely granulorugose (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC33FA14EB47FA67" box="[998,1121,1470,1493]" captionStart="Figs 22–23" captionStartId="16.[151,187,2059,2078]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,868,2002]" captionTargetId="figure-366@16.[151,1436,868,2014]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figs 22–23.Phanaeus pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat.rev.22 – male green phase;23 – holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek,NMPC).Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821170/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 22–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBBEFA14EBAFFA67" box="[1131,1161,1470,1493]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">51</figureCitation>
). Anteromedial portion of pronotum with two strongly developed, conical denticles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC7EFA54EB24F9A7" box="[939,1026,1534,1557]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 51</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum narrowed basally, distinctly emarginate apically (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAB8F9B4EC58F9E7" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC5FF994EC8EF9E7" box="[906,936,1598,1621]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">51</figureCitation>
).
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FC6EF994EB2AF9E7" box="[955,1036,1598,1621]" country="Mexico" name="Colima" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Colima</collectingRegion>
, Pacific slope of
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FB11F994EA2BF9E7" box="[1220,1293,1598,1621]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A33FFA4FA97F994ECA0F9C7" country="Mexico" name="Michoacan de Ocampo" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Michoacán</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC40F9F4ECC3F9C7" box="[917,997,1630,1653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[151,182,946,965]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@29.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 66. Predicted distribution of P. furiosus Bates, 1887 and P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821201/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
). .....
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FBFCF9F4EABAF9C7" ID-CoL="8TJRR" authority="Balthasar, 1939" authorityName="Balthasar" authorityYear="1939" box="[1065,1436,1630,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudofurcosus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FBFCF9F4EBC9F9C7" bold="true" box="[1065,1263,1630,1653]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. pseudofurcosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FB23F9F4EABAF9C7" author="Balthasar" box="[1270,1436,1630,1653]" firstAuthor="Balthasar" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="238 - 247" refId="ref24264" refString="BALTHASAR V. 1939: Neue Phanaeus - Arten. (7. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scarabaeiden der neotropischen Region). Folia Zoologica et Hydrobiologica 9 (2): 238 - 247." type="journal article" year="1939">Balthasar, 1939</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA4FCE9F9D4EABAF867" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9F9D4EABAF887" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9F9D4EABAF887" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
9 Posterolateral portions of pronotum produced into elongate, slender, conical denticles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB3DF934EA1AF907" box="[1256,1340,1694,1717]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FA9CF934EA40F907" box="[1353,1382,1694,1717]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAA7F934EAB6F907" box="[1394,1424,1694,1717]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">49</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral margins of pronotum without ridge of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC04F974EB03F947" box="[977,1061,1758,1781]" captionStart="Figs 16–18" captionStartId="13.[827,864,1721,1740]" captionTargetBox="[163,1438,199,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-13@13.[151,1436,199,1825]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figs 16–18. Phanaeus herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. 16 – male green phase; 17 – holotype and labels (by Mario Cupello, UFPR); 18 – P. tricornis Olsoufieff, 1924, junior subjective synonymy, redrawn from Oඅඌඈඎൿංൾൿൿ (1924). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821162/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBE7F974EB76F947" box="[1074,1104,1758,1781]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">49</figureCitation>
). Southern-central slope of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FB7DF954EBDEF8A7" box="[1192,1272,1790,1813]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,1815,1834]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,1051,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-15@28.[161,1427,1050,1788]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 65. Predicted distribution of P. daphnis Harold, 1863, P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939 and P. herbeus Bates, 1887." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821199/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 65</figureCitation>
). ..................... ...............................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A33FFA4FB73F8B4EABAF887" ID-CoL="8TJS9" authority="Bates, 1887" authorityName="Bates" authorityYear="1887" box="[1190,1436,1822,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="herbeus">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A33FFA4FB73F8B4EA31F887" bold="true" box="[1190,1303,1822,1845]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">P. herbeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A33FFA4FACBF8B4EABAF887" author="Bates" box="[1310,1436,1822,1845]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="25" pageNumber="472" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref24392" refString="BATES H. W. 1887: Tribe Lamellicornia. Pp. 25 - 64 + pl. 2 - 3. In: BATES H. W. 1886 - 1889: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Coleoptera. Vol. II. Part 2. Pectinicornia and Lamellicornia. Taylor and Francis, London, xii + 432 p. + 24 pl." type="book chapter" year="1887">Bates, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA4FCE9F894EABAF867" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA4FCE9F894EABAF867" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
– Posterolateral portions of pronotum sharply upturned posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC3DF8F4EB41F8C7" box="[1000,1127,1886,1909]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 32–34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FBA2F8F4EB98F8C7" box="[1143,1214,1886,1909]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">43–45</figureCitation>
). Anterolateral margins of pronotum with strongly developed ridge of tubercles (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FC68F834EB1DF807" box="[957,1083,1950,1973]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Figs 43–45</figureCitation>
). Distribution variable (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A33FFA4FAEBF834EAB6F807" box="[1342,1424,1950,1973]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,953,972]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 64. Predicted distribution of P. tridens Castelnau, 1840, P. moroni Arnaud, 2001 and P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001. The distribution of P. coeruleus Bates, 1887 was not modelled because it is only known from a single locality that needs confirmation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821195/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
).................................................................................10
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A33FFA7FCE9F874EDDEFE47" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A33FFA7FCE9F874EDD1FEE7" blockId="25.[828,1437,190,2069]" lastBlockId="26.[151,760,190,949]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
<keyLead id="287395A98A33FFA7FCE9F874EDD1FEE7" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="473" pageId="25" pageNumber="472">
10 Multi-coloured pronotum, with sides bright metallic green-yellow, becoming bright red to wine garnet red medially (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FEFAFF14EEB3FF67" box="[303,405,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 6–7" captionStartId="7.[151,188,1208,1227]" captionTargetBox="[256,1333,189,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-13@7.[249,1338,189,1187]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figs 6–7. Phanaeus moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev. 6 – male; 7 – holotype and labels (by Patrick Arnaud, PFASF). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821154/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE72FF14EEE0FF67" box="[423,454,190,213]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">44</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into triangular denticle, strongly widened (reaching the anteromedial carina;
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD4AFF54EDD5FEA7" box="[671,755,254,277]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 33</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FF68FEB4EFFAFE87" box="[189,220,286,309]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">44</figureCitation>
). Los Tuxtlas region,
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A30FFA7FE16FEB4ED04FE87" box="[451,546,286,309]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FDE5FEB4EDA6FE87" box="[560,640,286,309]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,953,972]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 64. Predicted distribution of P. tridens Castelnau, 1840, P. moroni Arnaud, 2001 and P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001. The distribution of P. coeruleus Bates, 1887 was not modelled because it is only known from a single locality that needs confirmation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821195/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). .............. .............................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A30FFA7FE23FE94EDD1FEE7" ID-CoL="8TJQW" authority="Arnaud, 2001" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="2001" box="[502,759,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moroni">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A30FFA7FE23FE94ED46FEE7" bold="true" box="[502,608,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">P. moroni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A30FFA7FDB0FE94EDD1FEE7" author="Arnaud" box="[613,759,318,341]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref24169" refString="ARNAUD P. 2001: Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides (Col. Scarabaeidae). Besoiro 6: 2 - 8." type="journal article" year="2001">Arnaud, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A30FFA7FF42FEF4EDDEFE47" blockId="26.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
<keyLead id="287395A98A30FFA7FF42FEF4EDDEFE47" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
– Green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FEC5FEF4EEB7FEC7" box="[272,401,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 1, 3–4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE75FEF4EEEDFEC7" box="[416,459,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 8–9" captionStartId="8.[151,187,1301,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1395,200,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[183,1405,189,1353]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 8–9.Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud,2001, stat.rev. 8 – male green phase;9 – holotype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821156/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">8–9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE0CFEF4EED0FEC7" box="[473,502,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">43</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FDD1FEF4ED07FEC7" box="[516,545,350,373]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">55</figureCitation>
), occasionally with bright red (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FEE3FED4EE51FE27" box="[310,375,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) or yellow sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD94FED4EDB3FE27" box="[577,661,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 45</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD74FED4ED99FE27" box="[673,703,382,405]" captionStart="Figs 55–62" captionStartId="23.[151,188,2010,2029]" captionTargetBox="[201,1359,189,1996]" captionTargetId="figure-13@23.[200,1387,189,1996]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figs 55–62. Pronotum of female. 55 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 56 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 57 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 58 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. (dark blue-black phase); 59 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green phase); 60 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863 (blue-green phase); 61 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (dark blue phase); 62 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821190/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">56</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum produced into triangular denticle, lightly widened (not reaching anteromedial carina;
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE8EFE74EEF3FE47" box="[347,469,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 32, 34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE35FE74ED00FE47" box="[480,550,478,501]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">43, 45</figureCitation>
). ....................... 11
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="28762E398A30FFA7FF42FE54EDD1FC07" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
<paragraph id="933D369C8A30FFA7FF42FE54EDD1FD67" blockId="26.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
<keyLead id="287395A98A30FFA7FF42FE54EDD1FD67" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
11 Metallic green with blue (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE08FE54ED7BFDA7" box="[477,605,510,533]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 1, 3–4</figureCitation>
) or red sheen (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FF10FDB4EE2CFD87" box="[197,266,542,565]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="5.[151,188,1699,1718]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,206,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-13@5.[151,1436,205,1678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 1–5. Phanaeus tridens Castelnau, 1840. 1 – male green phase; 2 – male green-red phase; 3 – neotype and labels, present designation (by Christophe Rivier, MNHN); 4 – P. frankenbergeri junior subjective synonymy, holotype and labels (by Jiří Hájek, NMPC); 5 – Eൽආඈඇൽඌ’ (1994) neotype of P. tridens and labels (by Simon Hinkley, NMVA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821151/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with two flat, sharply upturned triangular tubercles, these tubercles occasionally joined by medial carina (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD18FDF4EFFDFD27" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum uniform (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FF11FD34EE3EFD07" box="[196,280,670,693]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 32</figureCitation>
). Northern to central
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A30FFA7FE29FD34ED7DFD07" box="[508,603,670,693]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FDBFFD34ED9CFD07" box="[618,698,670,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,953,972]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 64. Predicted distribution of P. tridens Castelnau, 1840, P. moroni Arnaud, 2001 and P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001. The distribution of P. coeruleus Bates, 1887 was not modelled because it is only known from a single locality that needs confirmation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821195/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). ...... ..........................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A30FFA7FE0AFD14EDD1FD67" ID-CoL="4FSL8" authority="Castelnau, 1840" authorityName="Castelnau" authorityYear="1840" box="[479,759,702,725]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tridens">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A30FFA7FE0AFD14ED60FD67" bold="true" box="[479,582,702,725]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">P. tridens</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A30FFA7FD99FD14EDD1FD67" author="Castelnau" box="[588,759,702,725]" firstAuthor="Castelnau" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" refId="ref24732" refString="CASTELNAU C. D. 1840: Histoire naturelle des coleopteres. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules, Annelides, Crustaces, Arachnides, Myriapodes et Insectes. Tome deuxieme. P. Dumenil, Paris, 583 pp." type="book" year="1840">Castelnau, 1840</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="933D369C8A30FFA7FF42FD74EDD1FC07" blockId="26.[151,760,190,949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
<keyLead id="287395A98A30FFA7FF42FD74EDD1FC07" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">
– Metallic green (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FEBAFD74EEF3FD47" box="[367,469,734,757]" captionStart="Figs 8–9" captionStartId="8.[151,187,1301,1320]" captionTargetBox="[151,1395,200,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-13@8.[183,1405,189,1353]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figs 8–9.Phanaeus balthasari Arnaud,2001, stat.rev. 8 – male green phase;9 – holotype" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821156/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 8–9</figureCitation>
). Anteromedial portion of pronotal disc with two inconspicuous, rounded tubercles or two triangular tubercles never joined by medial carina (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FE8FFC94EE8FFCE7" box="[346,425,830,853]" captionStart="Figs 43–54" captionStartId="22.[151,188,1979,1998]" captionTargetBox="[195,1407,189,1941]" captionTargetId="figure-13@22.[179,1408,189,1947]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figs 43–54. Lateral view of pronotum of major male. 43 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 44 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 45 – P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001; 46 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 47 – P. coeruleus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (holotype, by Keita Matsumoto, BMNH); 48 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 49 – P. herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev. (green-red phase); 50 – P. furiosus Bates, 1887 (green phase); 51 – P. pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 52 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 53 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov. (holotype); 54 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821186" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821186/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). Posteromedial process of pronotum distinctly narrowed medially (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD98FCF4ED84FCC7" box="[589,674,862,885]" captionStart="Figs 32–42" captionStartId="21.[828,865,1898,1917]" captionTargetBox="[211,1440,197,2079]" captionTargetId="figure-13@21.[211,1376,189,2079]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figs 32–42. Posterior view of pronotum of major male. 32 – P. tridens Castelnau, 1840; 33 – P. moroni Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 34 – P. bal- thasari Arnaud, 2001, stat. rev.; 35 – P. daphnis Harold, 1863; 36 – P. substriolatus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 37 – P.herbeus Bates, 1887, stat. rev.; 38 – P.furiosus Bates, 1887; 39 – P.pseudofurcosus Balthasar, 1939, stat. rev.; 40 – P. nimrod Harold, 1863; 41 – P. victoriae Moctezuma sp. nov.; 42 – P. eximius Bates, 1887. Scale bar = 1.0 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821182/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Figs 34</figureCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A30FFA7FD63FCF4EFF0FC27" name="Mexico" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A30FFA7FF3DFCD4EE67FC27" box="[232,321,894,917]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
) and
<collectingCountry id="EB95760C8A30FFA7FE56FCD4EED1FC27" box="[387,503,894,917]" name="Guatemala" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="5146F87E8A30FFA7FDDDFCD4ED95FC27" box="[520,691,894,917]" country="Guatemala" name="Huehuetenango" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Huehuetenango</collectingRegion>
) (
<figureCitation id="0BB92A198A30FFA7FD19FCD4EFFDFC07" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[151,182,953,972]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetId="figure-13@28.[162,1425,196,930]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 64. Predicted distribution of P. tridens Castelnau, 1840, P. moroni Arnaud, 2001 and P. balthasari Arnaud, 2001. The distribution of P. coeruleus Bates, 1887 was not modelled because it is only known from a single locality that needs confirmation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5821195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5821195/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">Fig. 64</figureCitation>
). .................................
<taxonomicName id="54824D1F8A30FFA7FE03FC34EDD1FC07" ID-CoL="8TJRG" authority="Arnaud, 2001" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="2001" box="[470,759,926,949]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balthasari">
<emphasis id="A1F6EA8E8A30FFA7FE03FC34ED46FC07" bold="true" box="[470,608,926,949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="473">P. balthasari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="F7134B6D8A30FFA7FDB0FC34EDD1FC07" author="Arnaud" box="[613,759,926,949]" firstAuthor="Arnaud" pageId="26" pageNumber="473" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref24169" refString="ARNAUD P. 2001: Description de nouvelles especes de Phanaeides (Col. Scarabaeidae). Besoiro 6: 2 - 8." type="journal article" year="2001">Arnaud, 2001</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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