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<document id="915E4A51BAA97B141F7151248875E67D" ID-CLB-Dataset="38958" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="030fe6dc-d6b3-48b8-bd1d-a2133fdbfaa4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="264715" ID-ZooBank="77364DE9-61B2-4768-98BC-A77159BF7EB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464675634823" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Smales, L. R." docDate="2016" docId="03F96514FFFEFFFC4AA586CC46B44EBB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4117.2.3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4117 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Nugininema titokis Smales, 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="191" masterDocId="FFC01D6CFFF8FFF44A32822646544A53" masterDocTitle="The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia" masterLastPageNumber="197" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="189" updateTime="1698662652023" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="45683F4B6B89EBADB779D5D664663720" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D956C6D287010A0FFCDE38DCE681AC15">
<mods:title id="F91124E3B0F3A88B69341C6923FD9B18">The gastrointestinal helminths of Rattus niobe (Rodentia: Muridae) with descriptions of two new genera and three new species (Nematoda) from Papua New Guinea and Papua Indonesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="DEB5CF813707905FA02A0CD79FB87C2D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="98B9B60067702A4633A8E4E7EDBB0A38">
<mods:roleTerm id="93CA0F1A88F0BD93E4D17EF72D68DAF1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="207CD395A14FA39032A3150CE13CB501">Smales, L. R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C84325B0E4C5110A964D3014EC323371">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="885607B1BE0FA447047D0CC9A61E559F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="746DEE33DC22B9CB2A37EB0409B37362">
<mods:title id="D680ED1D97C5A6AD62F6D27FF7EBAD28">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9BEE785E507F5B5E9527F6486E05581E">
<mods:date id="C3C2F3D815979E25F94C0662546816AC">2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="8CEE980D0D1E00AE4F436D623E0945F1" type="volume">
<mods:number id="56BA837F9047F0762C8AADFB092928F4">4117</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="80BA2AE8E179C5ECDD84D2C8D38FC2A7" type="issue">
<mods:number id="1B13BC8FB5D98291CB0328CF1D86A018">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E2D475868952027674AD4B7E4850EC55" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D9B35990D942C1D8D801DF2CD5D807D1">183</mods:start>
<mods:end id="C37938E4EF54FBC38AFA3555F0BB8575">197</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="F6DD7129DB3BD2EFE8B37C1CCD15DF8C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3AA3614A97466A526D7E08CE63936F3D" type="CLB-Dataset">38958</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB451A0F19154F0AC743C373E1B83148" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4117.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C0716F8C3CD1599E2E36B79EEB64AB37" type="GBIF-Dataset">030fe6dc-d6b3-48b8-bd1d-a2133fdbfaa4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0D1C31DC0EB438C45121550E72FED433" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C00DFDB6F3DC2C167FD5F8D97ED13D2A" type="Zenodo-Dep">264715</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DE09C7CE988E117AC58CEE28AB7FD40C" type="ZooBank">77364DE9-61B2-4768-98BC-A77159BF7EB8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F96514FFFEFFFC4AA586CC46B44EBB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628058" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120733564" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628058" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F96514FFFEFFFC4AA586CC46B44EBB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F96514FFFEFFFC4AA586CC46B44EBB" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFF24AA586CC47734F75" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AA586CC47B04F56" blockId="6.[151,484,1258,1318]" box="[151,484,1258,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="D0A7636EFFFEFFF24AA586CC47B04F56" bold="true" box="[151,484,1258,1285]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AA586CC47B04F56" bold="true" box="[151,484,1258,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFFEFFF24AA586CC472B4F57" box="[151,383,1258,1284]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="titokis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AA586CC472B4F57" bold="true" box="[151,383,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217B56BFFFEFFF24BB486CD47B04F56" box="[390,484,1259,1285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AA5872B47734F75" blockId="6.[151,484,1258,1318]" box="[151,295,1293,1318]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
(
<figureCitation id="136BC887FFFEFFF24AAD872B474B4F75" box="[159,287,1293,1318]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 26" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1815,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1433,265,1781]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[150,1435,265,1795]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 26. Nugininema titokis n. gen., n. sp. In all illustrations of the synlophe in transverse section the dorsal aspect of the body is oriented towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode is on the left side of the page. Long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe; dorsal and ventral ridges (numbers with superscripts) numbered. 15. Male anterior end, right lateral view; 16. Male transverse section, anterior end; 17. Female transverse section, anterior end; 18. Female cephalic end; 19. Male transverse section, mid body; 20. Female transverse section, mid body; 21. Female posterior end, right lateral view; 22. Gubernaculum, ventral view; 23. Spicule tip. 24. Spicule anterior end, lateral view. 25. Female posterior end, lateral view. 26. Bursa, partially unrolled, right lateral view, rays numbered. Scale bars in µm: 15, 50; 16 – 21, 25, 26, 25; 22 – 24, 12.5." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264717/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Figs 15–26</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFF24AA58773444D4F3D" box="[151,537,1365,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AA58773444D4F3D" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" box="[151,537,1365,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AA5877347454F3D" bold="true" box="[151,273,1365,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<typeStatus id="54EB6AA0FFFEFFF24AA5877346864F3D" box="[151,210,1365,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Type</typeStatus>
host.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFFEFFF24B2A8770444D4F3D" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" box="[280,537,1365,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niobe">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24B2A877047F14F3D" box="[280,421,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Rattus niobe</emphasis>
(Thomas)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFF24AF5875F445C4FC1" box="[199,520,1401,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AF5875F445C4FC1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" box="[199,520,1401,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF5875F47064FC1" bold="true" box="[199,338,1401,1426]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Site in host.</emphasis>
Small intestine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFF24AF587BB47F64C39" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AF587BB47BC4C71" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF587BB47E54FE5" bold="true" box="[199,433,1437,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54EB6AA0FFFEFFF24B8587BB444B4FE5" box="[439,543,1437,1462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male, allotype female from
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFFEFFF2496C87B842C94FE5" authority="Mount Banarip" authorityName="Mount Banarip" box="[862,1181,1437,1462]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niobe">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF2496C87B845BF4FE5" box="[862,1003,1437,1462]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Rattus niobe</emphasis>
Mount Banarip
</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B2C5FFFEFFF24E9F87B8435F4FE5" box="[1197,1291,1437,1462]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" precision="925" value="-9.883333">9° 53´S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B2C5FFFEFFF24F2387B843DB4FE5" box="[1297,1423,1438,1462]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" precision="925" value="149.38333">149° 23´E</geoCoordinate>
), near Munimun, Milne Bay Province,
<collectingCountry id="F3479492FFFEFFF2486B87E445144F89" box="[601,832,1473,1498]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, coll. P.
<collectingCountry id="F3479492FFFEFFF2498287E4425E4F89" box="[944,1034,1474,1498]" name="Germany" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">German</collectingCountry>
<date id="FFEEF2C2FFFEFFF24E2587E742FF4F89" box="[1047,1195,1473,1498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" value="1992-04-15">15. iv. 1992</date>
, AM W.48479, AM W.48489,
<typeStatus id="54EB6AA0FFFEFFF24B3E87C047234FAD" box="[268,375,1510,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24BB087C047A74FAD" box="[386,499,1509,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
, same data AM
<accessionNumber id="940349E1FFFEFFF2488687C0454D4FAD" box="[692,793,1510,1534]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/W48499" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="EnaNcbi">W48499</accessionNumber>
. Transverse sections were prepared from
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24ECB87C043064FAD" box="[1273,1362,1509,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24FBC87C046A54C71" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, same collection data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AF5840B47F64C39" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF5840B47A94C15" bold="true" box="[199,509,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Other material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24837840844334C15" box="[517,615,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFFEFFF2489F840845DC4C15" authority="Ofekaman" authorityName="Ofekaman" box="[685,904,1581,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niobe">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF2489F8408455F4C15" box="[685,779,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">R. niobe</emphasis>
Ofekaman
</taxonomicName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B2C5FFFEFFF249AB840B45BD4C15" box="[921,1001,1581,1606]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" precision="925" value="-5.0833335">5° 5´S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE64B2C5FFFEFFF249C28408423A4C15" box="[1008,1134,1582,1606]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" precision="925" value="141.55">141° 33´E</geoCoordinate>
), Telefomin area, Sanduan Province AM W.48500.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFF24AF58453433B4CDD" box="[199,1391,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AF58453433B4CDD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" box="[199,1391,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF58453471A4CDD" bold="true" box="[199,334,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from the native language name for the host in Sanduan Province.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFFEFFFC4AF584BF444E48D6" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF24AF584BF44CD4D4E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF584BF479F4CE1" bold="true" box="[199,459,1689,1714]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Description. General:</emphasis>
Small nematodes usually coiled at the anterior and/ or posterior ends, males slightly smaller than females. Cephalic vesicle prominent with small number of annulations,
<quantity id="4CA879E7FFFEFFF24E7D849B42C24C85" box="[1103,1174,1725,1750]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" metricValueMax="1.524" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" unit="in" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 in</quantity>
female, buccal capsule vestigial. Mouth opening triangular with rudimentary lips; cephalic and labial papillae not seen. Deirids dome shaped, at about same level as excretory pore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFEFFF34AF5850F47424A86" blockId="6.[151,1436,1365,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFEFFF24AF5850F476B4D11" bold="true" box="[199,319,1833,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189">Synlophe:</emphasis>
(sections of
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24BE3850C447E4D11" box="[465,554,1833,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFFEFFF24804850C44F74D11" box="[566,675,1833,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="189" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
examined) Longitudinal ridges continuous, arise between posterior margin of cephalic vesicle and anterior region of mid body, extend to just anterior to bursa or vulva; 10–16 ridges in anterior body male, 9–13 anterior body female, 17 mid body male, 15–17 mid body female, 9–13 posterior body female. Axis of orientation from right ventral to left dorsal, about 50° to sagittal plane in anterior, pre frontal in mid body, losing orientation posteriorly; 4–8 ridges dorsal side, 4–9 ventral side; anterior ridges 1´–6´increasing in size, ridges 5´, 6´large, ridge 6´largest; anterior ridges 1–3 decreasing in size, ridge 4 slightly larger in male, anterior ridges 1–6 decreasing in size in female; ridges in mid body all similar size, ridges reduced in size posteriorly.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2F848AFFFFFFF34AA5853143CC4DB5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/264717/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" targetBox="[165,1433,265,1781]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFFFFFF34AA5853143CC4DB5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1815,2022]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34AA5853147074D7E" bold="true" box="[151,339,1815,1838]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">FIGURES 15–26.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFFFFFF34B6A853F444C4D7D" box="[344,536,1816,1838]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="titokis" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34B6A853F444C4D7D" box="[344,536,1816,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">Nugininema titokis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217B56BFFFFFFF3482F853E44304D7E" box="[541,612,1816,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF3482F853E44304D7E" bold="true" box="[541,612,1816,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34842853E44FD4D7E" bold="true" box="[624,681,1816,1837]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">n. sp.</emphasis>
In all illustrations of the synlophe in transverse section the dorsal aspect of the body is oriented towards the top of the page and the left side of the nematode is on the left side of the page. Long arrow shows axis of orientation of synlophe; dorsal and ventral ridges (numbers with superscripts) numbered.
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34E888570428E4D38" bold="true" box="[1210,1242,1878,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">15.</emphasis>
Male anterior end, right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34B67855247214DDA" bold="true" box="[341,373,1908,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">16.</emphasis>
Male transverse section, anterior end;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34934855245724DDA" bold="true" box="[774,806,1908,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">17.</emphasis>
Female transverse section, anterior end;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34EFC855242B94DDA" bold="true" box="[1230,1261,1908,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">18.</emphasis>
Female cephalic end;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34AF985B546BE4DFB" bold="true" box="[203,234,1939,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">19.</emphasis>
Male transverse section, mid body;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF3485685B544D04DFB" bold="true" box="[612,644,1939,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">20.</emphasis>
Female transverse section, mid body;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34E2785B542614DFB" bold="true" box="[1045,1077,1939,1960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">21.</emphasis>
Female posterior end, right lateral view;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34AE4859746A14D95" bold="true" box="[214,245,1969,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">22.</emphasis>
Gubernaculum, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF3481E859744184D95" bold="true" box="[556,588,1969,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">23.</emphasis>
Spicule tip.
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF348FC859744BA4D95" bold="true" box="[718,750,1969,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">24.</emphasis>
Spicule anterior end, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34E60859742264D95" bold="true" box="[1106,1138,1969,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">25.</emphasis>
Female posterior end, lateral view.
<emphasis id="B9240810FFFFFFF34AE185F646A74DB6" bold="true" box="[211,243,2000,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="190">26.</emphasis>
Bursa, partially unrolled, right lateral view, rays numbered. Scale bars in µm: 15, 50; 16–21, 25, 26, 25; 22–24, 12.5.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFF0FFFC4AF582B142B04BFE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4AF582B147594AE3" bold="true" box="[199,269,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Male:</emphasis>
(Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFF0FFFC4BDB82BE44224AE3" box="[489,630,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
) Body length 2.90–3.25 (3.01) mm, maximum width 60.0–69.0 (63.3). Cephalic vesicle 27.0–30.5 (28.6). Oesophagus 300, 350 (2 measurements) long; deirids 184.0, excretory pore 184.5 (1 measurement) from anterior end. Bursa slightly dissymmetrical, right lobe larger, dorsal lobe with cleft; pattern of rays 1-3-1; dorsal lobe shorter than lateral lobes. Dorsal ray symmetrical, divided at about 1/3 its length, terminal divisions rays 9, 10 symmetrical, rays 8 arising from dorsal trunk at same level; lateral rays 6 curve dorsally, 4, 5 ventrally ray 4 largest; rays 3 large, lie parallel with lateral rays before diverging ventrally, rays 2 more slender diverge distally, recurve ventrally, reaching margin of bursa. Genital cone not prominent. Spicules equal, filiform 440–470 (455) long, tips simple, pointed. Gubernaculum 53 (1 measurement) long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFF0FFFC4AF58391444E48D6" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4AF5839147734B83" bold="true" box="[199,295,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Female:</emphasis>
(Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D561F8BFFF0FFFC4820839144F74B83" box="[530,675,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
) Body length 3.00–4.20 (3.58) mm, maximum width 67.0–87.1 (75.9). Cephalic vesicle 23.8–28.9 (26.1) long. Oesophagus 360 (1 measurement) long; deirid 195.5, excretory pore 178.5 (1 measurement) from anterior end. Vulva opens 71.4–102.0 (93.0) from tail tip; posterior end flexed ventrally just behind vulva. Monodelphic ovejector with vestibule 50–65 (58), longer than sphincter 25–30 (28), shorter than infundibulum 70, vagina 20–30 (25) long. Eggs thin shelled, ellipsoidal, about
<quantity id="4CA879E7FFF0FFFC4E90806E428F4833" box="[1186,1243,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" unit="in" value="10.0">
10
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4EF7806F428F4833" box="[1221,1243,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">in</emphasis>
</quantity>
utero, 56.1–66.0 (61.1) long 28.9–34.0 (32.0) wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34A8789FFF0FFFC4AF580A946B44EBB" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEFD402FFF0FFFC4AF580A946B44EBB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4AF580A9476F48FB" bold="true" box="[199,315,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Remarks.</emphasis>
This heligmonellid parasite of an endemic species of
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC49FB80B7424348FB" box="[969,1047,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC49FB80B7424748FB" box="[969,1043,657,680]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rattus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
from the island of New
<collectingCountry id="F3479492FFF0FFFC4F7980A943C848FB" box="[1355,1436,655,680]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Guinea</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC4AA580934774489F" box="[151,288,693,716]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4AA580934774489F" box="[151,288,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217B56BFFF0FFFC4B1580924723489E" box="[295,375,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4B1580924723489E" bold="true" box="[295,375,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">n. gen.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has all the characteristics of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC495080924266489E" box="[866,1074,692,717]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nippostrongylinae">Nippostrongylinae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC4E7080924368489F" author="Beveridge" box="[1090,1340,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. M. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2014) Order Strongylida. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 2 Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612." type="journal article" year="2014">
Beveridge
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4E8C809342A3489E" box="[1214,1271,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Within this large clade comprising some 31 genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC48A080F145DF48A3" author="Beveridge" box="[658,907,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Beveridge, I., Spratt, D. M. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2014) Order Strongylida. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology: Gastrotricha Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Volume 2 Nematoda. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 557 - 612." type="journal article" year="2014">
Beveridge
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC493C80FF451C48A3" box="[782,840,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC49AA80F1435148A3" author="Digiani" box="[920,1285,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Digiani, M. C. &amp; Durette-Desset, M. - C. (2014) Taxonomic revision of the Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda, Heligmonellidae) parasitic in Oriental Muridae. The genus Paraheligmonelloides Fukomoto, Kamiya &amp; Suzuki, 1980. Zootaxa, 3884 (1), 81 - 88. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3884.1.7" type="journal article" year="2014">Digiani &amp; Durette-Desset, 2014</bibRefCitation>
), the features of the synlophe: lacking a carene, with an oblique axis of orientation of the synlophe ridges on the anterior body which has 2 enlarged ridges ventrally and 15–17 ridges small ridges with sub frontal orientation along the mid and posterior body, distinguish this genus from all others in the subfamily. The new genus comes closest to the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC4AA58141440249D3" authority="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" authorityName="Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin" box="[151,598,871,896]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4AA58141476249D3" box="[151,310,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC48A2814145EC49D3" authority="Smales" authorityName="Smales" box="[656,952,871,896]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC48A28141450A49D3" box="[656,862,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
Smales
</taxonomicName>
both of which have hypertrophied ventral ridges.
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC4ADB81AB472649F7" box="[233,370,909,932]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4ADB81AB472649F7" box="[233,370,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC483481AA44F149F6" box="[518,677,908,933]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Hasanuddinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC483481AA44F149F6" box="[518,677,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Hasanuddinia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the ventral right ridges hypertrophied only in the anterior body and 15–17 ridges with sub frontal orientation at the mid body as compared with ventral ridges large, maintaining an oblique axis of orientation along the body and 10–12 ridges at the mid body (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC4F3781F247094E43" author="Hasegawa" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Hasegawa, H. &amp; Syafruddin (1994) Hassanuddina maxomyos n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) collected from endemic murines in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Parasitology, 80, 657 - 660. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3283258" type="journal article" year="1994">Hasegawa &amp; Syafruddin, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC4B4381DF47AE4E43" box="[369,506,1017,1040]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4B4381DF47AE4E43" box="[369,506,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC493281D1459A4E43" box="[768,974,1015,1040]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Melomystrongylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC493281D1459A4E43" box="[768,974,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Melomystrongylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which has a single hypertrophied ventral ridge in having 2 large ridges on the right ventral quadrant, dorsal ridges decreasing in size rather than increasing in size from left to right and a subfrontal rather than oblique axis of orientation at the mid body (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC4E9E861943154E0B" author="Smales" box="[1196,1345,1087,1112]" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Smales, L. R. (2009) Helminths of Melomys rufescens and Melomys spp. (Muridae: Hydromyinae) from Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of a new genus and five new species in the Heligmonellidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 57, 5 - 15." type="journal article" year="2009">Smales 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC4F79861947354E2F" author="Smales" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Smales, L. R. &amp; Heinrich, B. (2010) Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmomellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda; Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">Smales &amp; Heinrich 2010</bibRefCitation>
). The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C50AF81FFF0FFFC4BC8864344D74E2F" box="[506,643,1125,1148]" class="Secernentea" family="Heligmonellidae" genus="Nugininema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC4BC8864344D74E2F" box="[506,643,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Nugininema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles the genus
<emphasis id="B9240810FFF0FFFC498B8642423B4E2E" box="[953,1135,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="191">Montistrongylus</emphasis>
Smales in having ventral ridges largest but differs from it having 2 right ventral ridges much larger, rather than the left ventral ridges largest, the axis of orientation not maintained along the body and rays 8 symmetrical not asymmetrical (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1A9F3FFF0FFFC4EF7868A46804EBB" author="Smales" pageId="8" pageNumber="191" refString="Smales, L. R. &amp; Heinrich, B. (2010) Gastrointestinal nematodes of Paramelomys rubex (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua Indonesia and Papua New Guinea with the descriptions of three new genera and four new species of Heligmomellidae and Herpetostrongylidae (Nematoda; Trichostrongylida). Zootaxa, 2672, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="2010">Smales &amp; Heinrich 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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