855 lines
96 KiB
XML
855 lines
96 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="29C7F4790126CEE2F4EEE7E2D516A6E8">Revision of some ophiuroid records (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91628EA8FAA81EDBF136252E2A615F4F">O'Hara, Timothy D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="D8500818D789F76B57512A117FD75104">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F95728FFE704254EC31A5C234BF99D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6106871" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119629215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6106871" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F95728FFE704254EC31A5C234BF99D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F95728FFE704254EC31A5C234BF99D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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<subSubSection id="C34AB5B5FFE704264EC31A5C27C6F925" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE704264EC31A5C255EF9C4" blockId="0.[151,627,1625,1685]" box="[151,627,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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<heading id="D0A75152FFE704264EC31A5C255EF9C4" bold="true" box="[151,627,1625,1652]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE704264EC31A5C255EF9C4" authority="Ljungman, 1871" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,627,1625,1652]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
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<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264EC31A5C255EF9C4" bold="true" box="[151,627,1625,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264EC31A5C26B3F9C3" bold="true" box="[151,414,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264FF11A5F255EF9C4" author="Ljungman" box="[421,627,1626,1652]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1871) Om tvanne nya arter Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 27 (5), 471 - 475. [1870]" type="journal article" year="1871">Ljungman, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE704264EC31A7927C6F925" blockId="0.[151,627,1625,1685]" box="[151,235,1660,1685]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136BFABBFFE704264ECB1A7927CDF925" box="[159,224,1660,1685]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[433,1157,197,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[432,1162,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graphs of Analysis of Covariance of arm number (A) and arm spine number (B, C) of MACN specimens of “ Ophiacantha vivipara ” from the Patagonian Shelf (n = 59), South Georgia (n = 26, fig. 1 C only) and South Shetland / Sandwich Islands (n = 26). All analyses were significant, i. e. arm number and arm spine number differed between populations when disc diameter was incorporated as a covariate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242686/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34AB5B5FFE704264EC31AC125BAF822" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE704264EC31AC12561F8C4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1732,1939]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB40C110FFE704264EC31AC12561F8C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
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<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE704264EC31AC12576F96A" authority="Ljungman, 1871: 471" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityPageNumber="471" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,603,1732,1755]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
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<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264EC31AC1265AF96B" box="[151,375,1732,1755]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264F2B1AC12576F96A" author="Ljungman" box="[383,603,1732,1754]" page="471" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1871">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264F2B1AC12506F96A" author="Ljungman" box="[383,555,1732,1754]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1871) Om tvanne nya arter Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 27 (5), 471 - 475. [1870]" type="journal article" year="1871">Ljungman, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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: 471
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264C2E1AC1241AF96A" author="Lyman" box="[634,823,1732,1754]" page="149" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264C2E1AC1242AF96A" author="Lyman" box="[634,775,1732,1754]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the exploring voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, under Prof. Sir Wyville Thomson, F. R. S. Part 1. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 5, 65 - 168, pls 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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: 149
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264D011AC1233EF96A" author="Lyman" box="[853,1043,1732,1754]" page="185" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1882">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264D011AC124CFF96A" author="Lyman" box="[853,994,1732,1754]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Lyman, T. (1882) Ophiuroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the Challenger Zoology, 5, 1 - 385, pls. 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Lyman, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 185
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–186, pl. 46(7–9).—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264AB61AC122A2F96A" author="Studer" box="[1250,1423,1732,1754]" page="23" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1882">
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264AB61AC12247F96A" author="Studer" box="[1250,1386,1732,1754]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Studer, T. (1882) Ubersicht uber die Ophiuriden, welche wahrend der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle um die Erde 1874 - 1876 gesammelt wurden. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1, 1 - 37, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1882">Studer, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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: 23
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
– 24.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264EAA1AE626EEF949" author="Koehler" box="[254,451,1763,1785]" page="321" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1907">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264EAA1AE626B9F949" author="Koehler" box="[254,404,1763,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Koehler, R. (1907) Revision de la collection des Ophiures du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. Bulletin Scientique de la France et de la Belgique, 41, 279 - 351, pls. 10 - 14." type="journal article" year="1907">Koehler, 1907</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 321
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–323 (in part).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264C3B1AE62418F949" author="Koehler" box="[623,821,1763,1785]" page="276" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1908">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264C3B1AE62428F949" author="Koehler" box="[623,773,1763,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, ophiures et echinides de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the S. Y. Scotia Zoology, 13, 193 - 313, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 276
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264D071AE62321F949" author="Koehler" box="[851,1036,1763,1785]" page="96" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1914">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264D071AE624C5F949" author="Koehler" box="[851,1000,1763,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Koehler, R. (1914) A contribution to the study of ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 84, 1 - 173, pls. 1 - 18. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.84.1" type="journal article" year="1914">Koehler, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 96
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264A7E1AE623CFF949" author="Koehler" box="[1066,1250,1763,1785]" page="12" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264A7E1AE623EDF949" author="Koehler" box="[1066,1216,1763,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports. Australasian Antarctic Expedition, Series C, 8, 1 - 98, pls. 76 - 90." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–13.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264B711AE6261EF8A8" author="Mortensen" page="246" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1936">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264B711AE627D0F8A8" author="Mortensen" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Mortensen, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 246
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–248, fig. 5a, pl. 7(2).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264C621B07240BF8A8" author="Bernasconi" box="[566,806,1794,1816]" page="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264C621B0725D9F8A8" author="Bernasconi" box="[566,756,1794,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1965) Ophiuroidea de Puerto Deseado (Santa Cruz, Argentina). Physis, Seccion A (Buenos Aires), 25, 143 - 152." type="journal article" year="1965">Bernasconi, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–152.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264D221B0723B9F8A8" author="Castillo-Alarcon" box="[886,1172,1794,1816]" page="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264D221B072346F8A8" author="Castillo-Alarcon" box="[886,1131,1794,1816]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Castillo-Alarcon, J. G. (1968) Contribucion al conocimiento de los Ofiuroideos chilenos. Gayana Zoologica, 14, 1 - 63, 6 pls." type="journal article" year="1968">Castillo-Alarcón, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–47, fig. R, pl. 1(4,6).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264E931B242685F887" author="Bernasconi" box="[199,424,1825,1847]" page="331" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264E931B242656F887" author="Bernasconi" box="[199,379,1825,1847]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1973) Los equinodermos colectados por el ' Walther Herwig'. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 3, 287 - 334, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1973">Bernasconi, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 331
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–332.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264FAE1B242443F887" author="Bernasconi" box="[506,878,1825,1847]" page="107" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264FAE1B242412F887" author="Bernasconi" box="[506,831,1825,1847]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1977) Ofiuroideos del Mar Epicontinental Argentino. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 65 - 114, 11 pls." type="journal article" year="1977">Bernasconi & d'Agostino, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 107
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–109, pl. 10(3,4).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264A671B2423C2F887" author="Lucchi" box="[1075,1263,1825,1847]" page="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1985">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264A671B242392F887" author="Lucchi" box="[1075,1215,1825,1847]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Lucchi, C. (1985) Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) del frente maritimo uruguayo hasta 800 m de profundidad, con claves para su identificacion. Contribuciones del Departamanto de Oceanografia (F. H. C.) Montevideo, 2, 115 - 171." type="journal article" year="1985">Lucchi, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 133
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–134, fig. 49–50.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE704264EC31B3A265CF8E6" box="[151,369,1855,1878]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264EC31B3A265CF8E6" box="[151,369,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264FDA1B3A243BF8E5" author="Bernasconi" box="[398,790,1855,1877]" page="19" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1975">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264FDA1B3A25C2F8E5" author="Bernasconi" box="[398,751,1855,1877]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">Bernasconi & d'Agostino, 1975b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 19
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–21, pl. 1(
|
||
<docIssue id="CF3399D1FFE704264DD61B3A24A0F8E5" box="[898,909,1855,1877]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">3</docIssue>
|
||
–4).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264D9A1B3A2270F8E5" author="Bernasconi" box="[974,1373,1855,1877]" page="217" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264D9A1B3A2205F8E5" author="Bernasconi" box="[974,1320,1855,1877]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1978) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 3) Ofiuroideos de Sandwich del Sur y Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 203 - 218, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1978">Bernasconi & d'Agostino, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 217
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[Non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE704264E931B5B256FF8C4" authority="Koehler, 1908" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1908" box="[199,578,1886,1908]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiomitrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264E931B5B268AF8C4" box="[199,423,1886,1908]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Ophiomitrella ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264FF81B5B256FF8C4" author="Koehler" box="[428,578,1886,1908]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, ophiures et echinides de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the S. Y. Scotia Zoology, 13, 193 - 313, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE704264EC31B7925BAF822" blockId="0.[151,1437,1732,1939]" box="[151,663,1916,1939]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB40C110FFE704264EC31B7925BAF822" box="[151,663,1916,1939]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE704264EF61B7926ACF823" box="[162,385,1916,1939]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264EF61B7926ACF823" box="[162,385,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF1C02FFFE704264FCA1B7925BEF822" author="Tommasi" box="[414,659,1916,1939]" page="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE704264FCA1B792556F822" author="Tommasi" box="[414,635,1916,1939]" pageId="0" pageNumber="432" refString="Tommasi, L. R., Castro, S. M. de & Sousa, E. C. P. M. de (1988) Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. Relatorio Interno do Instituto Oceanografico Universidade de Sao Paulo, 21, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Tommasi
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE704264C511B7B2515F822" box="[517,568,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="432">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 6
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34AB5B5FFE604274EC31C92252BFD7D" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274EC31C92252BFD7D" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274EC31C922656FF00" bold="true" box="[151,379,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274FDF1C922529FF00" bold="true" box="[395,516,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274FDF1C922529FF00" box="[395,516,151,176]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274C401C922511FF00" box="[532,572,151,176]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
de los Estados (between Cabo San Juan and Punta Fallows),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274AAB1C9222B5FF00" box="[1279,1432,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="1" value="-54.761284">54° 45.677´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274EC31CB92618FF64" box="[151,309,188,213]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="1" value="-63.818565">63° 49.114´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274F141CB92651FF64" box="[320,380,188,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="54.0">54 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1934, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274C301CB924FCFF64" box="[612,977,188,213]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1977) Ofiuroideos del Mar Epicontinental Argentino. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 65 - 114, 11 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274DB41CB9231BFF64" box="[992,1078,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
21956, n=3). East of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274B7E1CB9227EFF65" box="[1322,1363,188,213]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
de los Estados,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274EAA1CDA2649FF48" box="[254,356,223,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-54.783333">54° 47´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274F271CDA26CFFF48" box="[371,482,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-63.583332">63° 35´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274FBB1CE52517FF47" box="[495,570,224,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="144.0">144 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1933 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274CC41CE525CBFF48" box="[656,742,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
22277, 13).
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274D2E1CE524CCFF48" box="[890,993,224,248]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-38.516666">38° 31´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274DBB1CDA2373FF48" box="[1007,1118,223,248]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-55.7">55° 42´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274A381CE5239AFF47" box="[1132,1207,224,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="109.0">109 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1938, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274EC31D012525FEAC" box="[151,520,260,285]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1977) Ofiuroideos del Mar Epicontinental Argentino. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 65 - 114, 11 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274C4C1D012543FEAC" box="[536,622,260,284]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
23346, 3).
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274CA71D012477FEAC" box="[755,858,260,284]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-39.466667">39° 28´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274D331D0124E4FEAC" box="[871,969,260,285]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-57.033333">57° 2´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274D821D01233FFEAC" box="[982,1042,260,284]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1941, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274B541D01264EFEF0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1977) Ofiuroideos del Mar Epicontinental Argentino. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 65 - 114, 11 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274F261D2D26E5FEF0" box="[370,456,296,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
25122, 5).
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274C181D2D2581FEF0" box="[588,684,295,320]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9312128" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="mi" value="12.0">12 miles</quantity>
|
||
east from Punta Médanos Lighthouse,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274A3E1D2D23E6FEF0" box="[1130,1227,296,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-39.5">39° 30´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274A8F1D2D226CFEF0" box="[1243,1345,296,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-40.183334">40° 11´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274B191D2D22BAFE8F" box="[1357,1431,296,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.09" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="109.0">109 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1924, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274F281D4925DEFED4" box="[380,755,332,357]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1977) Ofiuroideos del Mar Epicontinental Argentino. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 65 - 114, 11 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274D511D492476FED4" box="[773,859,332,356]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
14423, 15). Océano Atlántico Sur,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274AA91D492248FED5" box="[1277,1381,332,357]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-54.866665">54° 52´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274B211D4927FAFE38" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-37.466667">37° 28´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274EB31D752610FE38" box="[231,317,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
28128, 3). M2: stn E9, off Mar del Plata,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274D711D752482FE38" box="[805,943,367,392]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="9" value="-38.8485">38° 50.91´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274DE81D6A2370FE38" box="[956,1117,367,392]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="1" value="-55.576416">55° 34.585´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274A3E1D752398FE37" box="[1130,1205,368,392]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
|
||
, 2009 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274B5E1D75224FFE38" box="[1290,1378,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
, 15). Walther Herwig: stn 277,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274FE91D9126F6FE1C" box="[445,475,404,428]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-40.9">40</geoCoordinate>
|
||
° 54´S,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274C651D91258DFE1C" box="[561,672,404,429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-56.816666">56° 49´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274CF91D9125DAFE1C" box="[685,759,404,428]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274DC81D912341FE1C" author="Bernasconi" box="[924,1132,404,429]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. (1973) Los equinodermos colectados por el ' Walther Herwig'. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 3, 287 - 334, 7 pls." type="journal article" year="1973">Bernasconi (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274A281D9123FFFE1C" box="[1148,1234,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
27263, 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274B021D9127DAFE60" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274B021D9127DAFE60" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Grytviken,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274FDC1DB2250CFE60" box="[392,545,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="1" value="-54.28175">54° 16.905´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274C7A1DB225E2FE60" box="[558,719,439,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="1" value="-36.506565">36° 30.394´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0 m, 1933, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274DAE1DB22256FE60" box="[1018,1403,439,464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274EC31DD926A8FE44" box="[151,389,476,500]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274EC31DD926A8FE44" box="[151,389,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274FC01DD926C7FE44" box="[404,490,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
26927, 12). Puerto Larsen,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274D7E1DD924BDFE44" box="[810,912,476,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25–27 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1929, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274A2A1DD927C2FDA8" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274F431E052529FDA7" box="[279,516,512,536]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274F431E052529FDA7" box="[279,516,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274C401E052547FDA8" box="[532,618,512,536]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
18768, 1). Bahía
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274D631DFA248FFDA8" box="[823,930,511,536]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Antartica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274DFA1DFA2339FDA7" box="[942,1044,511,536]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="35.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="35.0">35–36 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1929, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274B541DFA265DFD8D" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274FC11E2125ACFD8C" box="[405,641,548,572]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274FC11E2125ACFD8C" box="[405,641,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274CDB1E2125C8FD8C" box="[655,741,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
18760, 21). Islas
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274DF91E212320FD8D" box="[941,1037,548,573]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Orcadas</collectingCountry>
|
||
: stn 18, Georgias del Sur,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274B661E2122BAFD8C" box="[1330,1431,548,573]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-54.35">54° 21´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274EC31E4227DAFDD0" box="[151,247,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-36.016666">36° 1´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274F501E422663FDEF" box="[260,334,583,608]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="106.0">106 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1975, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274C6C1E422485FDD0" box="[568,936,583,608]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1978) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 3) Ofiuroideos de Sandwich del Sur y Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 203 - 218, 4 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274D9B1E4D2391FDEF" box="[975,1212,584,608]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274D9B1E4D2391FDEF" box="[975,1212,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274A9F1E4D220CFDD0" box="[1227,1313,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
28139, 4).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274EC31E692651FD35" bold="true" box="[151,380,620,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">South Sandwich Is</emphasis>
|
||
. Islas
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F9F1E692506FD35" box="[459,555,620,645]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Orcadas</collectingCountry>
|
||
: stn 21,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274CC51E69244DFD34" box="[657,864,620,645]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Sandwich del Sur</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274D3A1E6924FBFD34" box="[878,982,620,645]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-57.783333">57° 47´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274DB21E69237AFD35" box="[998,1111,620,645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-26.433332">26° 26´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274A321E69239FFD34" box="[1126,1202,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="105.0">105 m</quantity>
|
||
, 1975, identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274EC31E8A2521FD18" box="[151,524,655,680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1978) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 3) Ofiuroideos de Sandwich del Sur y Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 203 - 218, 4 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C631E95240BFD17" box="[567,806,656,680]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C631E95240BFD17" box="[567,806,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274D621E9524A1FD18" box="[822,908,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
28127, 2).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274A401E8A23C3FD18" bold="true" box="[1044,1262,655,680]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274A301E8A23E3FD18" box="[1124,1230,655,680]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Shetland</collectingCountry>
|
||
Is
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274AAA1E8A224BFD18" box="[1278,1382,655,680]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-61.433334">61° 26´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6480F9FFE604274B211E8A27FAFD7D" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" precision="925" value="-56.416668">56° 25´W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1975 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED417EFBFFE604274F7C1EB12653FD7C" box="[296,382,692,716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pyng-6456" name="Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">MACN</collectionCode>
|
||
34933, 25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34AB5B5FFE604274E931ED225A9FCA4" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274E931ED225A9FCA4" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274E931ED22674FD40" bold="true" box="[199,345,727,752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F321ED226E0FD40" box="[358,461,727,752]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F821ED225BCFD40" box="[470,657,727,752]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274CC81ED2246DFD40" box="[668,832,727,752]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Patagonia to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274D8F1EDD2310FD40" box="[987,1085,728,752]" name="Uruguay" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(north to 37°S),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274AAD1ED2221BFD40" box="[1273,1334,727,752]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(north to 50°S),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274EB11EF92601FCA5" box="[229,300,764,789]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
?
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F691EF92698FCA5" box="[317,437,764,789]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274C581EF925ADFCA4" box="[524,640,764,788]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1100 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34AB5B5FFE604254E931F1A234BF99D" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="435" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274E931F1A23C6FBCD" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274E931F1A2619FC88" bold="true" box="[199,308,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274F151F1A2599FC88" author="Bernasconi" box="[321,692,799,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1975" yearSuffix="b">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274CEB1F2525D5FC88" author="Bernasconi" box="[703,760,800,824]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1978) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 3) Ofiuroideos de Sandwich del Sur y Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 203 - 218, 4 pls." type="journal article" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) record a series of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274AD01F1A2671FCED" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
under the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C701F4124E3FCEC" authority="Koehler, 1923" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1923" box="[548,974,836,861]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C701F41243DFCEC" box="[548,784,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274D4B1F4124E8FCEC" author="Koehler" box="[799,965,836,861]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1923) Asteries et Ophiures recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Suedoise (1901 - 1903). In: Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901 - 1903), 1, pp. 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1923">Koehler, 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. This is an invalid name, as Koehler did not describe a species under this name in 1923, but included photographs of both five and six-armed specimens under the previously described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C541F892453FC14" authority="Koehler, 1908" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1908" box="[512,894,908,933]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C541F8925E2FC14" box="[512,719,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophioripa ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274C8D1F892453FC14" author="Koehler" box="[729,894,908,933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1908) Asteries, ophiures et echinides de l'Expedition Antarctique Nationale Ecossaise. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the S. Y. Scotia Zoology, 13, 193 - 313, 16 pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Koehler, 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The five-armed individuals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274A851F89263EFC78" author="Koehler" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1923) Asteries et Ophiures recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Suedoise (1901 - 1903). In: Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901 - 1903), 1, pp. 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1923">Koehler 1923, pl. 14, fig 5–6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have the characteristic small rounded granules and thick blunt arm spines found on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB589CFFE604274AAD1FAA2276FC78" box="[1273,1371,943,968]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274BD51FB527C7FC5C" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274BD51FB527C7FC5C" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274BD51FB522B5FC77" box="[1409,1432,944,967]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ingrata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has been subsequently transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274D3B1FD12321FC5C" box="[879,1036,980,1004]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiomitrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274D3B1FD12321FC5C" box="[879,1036,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiomitrella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274A191FD123C5FC5C" author="O'Hara" box="[1101,1256,980,1004]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="O'Hara, T. D. (1990) New records of Ophiuridae, Ophiacanthidae and Ophiocomidae (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from south-eastern Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 50, 287 - 305, 2 figs." type="journal article" year="1990">O’Hara 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274AAA1FD1265EFBA0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are possibly correct in identifying as a separate species the small (<
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274AF41FF223C9FBBF" box="[1184,1252,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
d.d.) six-armed specimen photographed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274F8518192419FB85" author="Koehler" box="[465,820,1052,1077]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1923) Asteries et Ophiures recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Suedoise (1901 - 1903). In: Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901 - 1903), 1, pp. 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1923">Koehler (1923, pl. 14, fig 5–6)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with its even covering of small conical spinelets, but they are in error to re-use the specific epithet (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CFA1845242DFBE7" box="[686,768,1088,1111]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CFA1845242DFBE7" box="[686,768,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in a separate genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274DAA184523BDFBE8" box="[1022,1168,1088,1112]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274DAA184523BDFBE8" box="[1022,1168,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and then attribute this name to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274EA31861268EFBCC" author="Koehler" box="[247,419,1124,1149]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1923) Asteries et Ophiures recueillies par l'Expedition Antarctique Suedoise (1901 - 1903). In: Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition (1901 - 1903), 1, pp. 1 - 145." type="journal article" year="1923">Koehler (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(who actually considered both photographs to represent the same species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274E9318822545F9B8" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274E931882256FFB10" box="[199,578,1159,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted the similarity of their material to the widespread species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274B5E188D27D9FB74" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274B5E188D27D9FB74" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinguishing the two species by the number of arm spines,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274D9618A92326FB75" box="[962,1035,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.905" metricValueMax="2.032" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="in" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 in</quantity>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274A7518A923B5FB74" box="[1057,1176,1196,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274A7518A923B5FB74" box="[1057,1176,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274A7518A92315FB73" box="[1057,1080,1196,1219]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. ingrata
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274A8B18A92268FB75" box="[1247,1349,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="in" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 in</quantity>
|
||
similar sized (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA84BDBFFE604274EB618CA2619FB58" box="[226,308,1231,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
d.d.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274F2D18D526D7FB57" box="[377,506,1232,1255]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274F2D18D526D7FB57" box="[377,506,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F2D18D526BDFB57" box="[377,400,1232,1255]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their synonymy of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274D4718D52448FB57" box="[787,869,1232,1255]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274D4718D52448FB57" box="[787,869,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, they included a photo of a six-armed specimen from Marguerite Bay,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274FC318F12521FABD" box="[407,524,1268,1293]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Amphilepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="436" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274FC318F12521FABD" box="[407,524,1268,1293]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CFD18F12406FABC" box="[681,811,1268,1292]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CFD18F12406FABC" box="[681,811,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274CFD18F125EDFABB" box="[681,704,1268,1291]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274D0E18F12387FABC" author="Koehler" box="[858,1194,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1912) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 10), Paris, pp. 272, 16 pls." type="journal volume" year="1912">Koehler (1912, pl. 11, fig. 2)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274AE318F12248FABC" author="Koehler" box="[1207,1381,1268,1293]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Koehler, R. (1912) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 10), Paris, pp. 272, 16 pls." type="journal volume" year="1912">Koehler (1912)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also included a photograph of a similar looking five-armed individual (pl. 11, fig. 1).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274A1F191C2235FA80" author="Mortensen" box="[1099,1304,1303,1328]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Mortensen (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
interpreted these photographs differently. He considered the six-armed specimen to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274A13193923E4FAE4" box="[1095,1225,1340,1364]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274A13193923E4FAE4" box="[1095,1225,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274A1319392373FAE3" box="[1095,1118,1340,1363]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and described the five armed form as a separate variety
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C37196525C5FAC7" box="[611,744,1376,1399]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C37196525C5FAC7" box="[611,744,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274C3719652557FAC7" box="[611,634,1376,1399]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CA0196424A4FAC7" box="[756,905,1376,1400]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" rank="variety" variety="pentactis">
|
||
var
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274D70196524A4FAC7" box="[804,905,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which he also distinguished on the basis of reproduction (the presence of males in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C3B198025F9FA2C" box="[623,724,1413,1436]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C3B198025F9FA2C" box="[623,724,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and biogeography (no five armed specimens occur on the Patagonian Shelf), but not arm spine number.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CF319AD2485FA0F" box="[679,936,1448,1472]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CF319AD2485FA0F" box="[679,936,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was subsequently raised to species rank by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274EC319C9266BFA55" author="Madsen" box="[151,326,1484,1509]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1955) Echinoderms other than holothurians collected in sub-antarctic and antarctic seas, mainly by the Norvegia Expeditions 1928 - 30. Scientific Research, Norwegian Antarctic Expedition, 37, 1 - 17." type="journal article" year="1955">Madsen (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Fell (1961) found no difference in arm spine number (11–12) or disc spines between his six- and five-armed specimens from the Ross Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274E931A1122B0F9C5" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
The true identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274FFF1A11258FF99C" box="[427,674,1556,1580]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274FFF1A11258FF99C" box="[427,674,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is complicated by the uncertainty over the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB589CFFE604274ADB1A102392F99D" box="[1167,1215,1557,1581]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274B7D1A1127CCF9E0" author="Ljungman" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1871) Om tvanne nya arter Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 27 (5), 471 - 475. [1870]" type="journal article" year="1871">Ljungman (1871)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded it from Altata off the Pacific coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274CA81A322479F9E0" box="[764,852,1591,1616]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, however, this locality has been rejected by a series of authors and the presumed locality is now considered to be the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274D391A5924F9F9C5" box="[877,980,1628,1653]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Malvinas</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274D881A5923B8F9C5" box="[988,1173,1628,1653]" name="Falkland Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Falkland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274AF01A59223BF9C4" author="Bell" box="[1188,1302,1628,1653]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Bell, F. J. (1908) Echinodermata. In: National Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1904. Natural History, 4, pp. 1 - 16, 5 pls. Bernasconi, I. (1926) Una ofiura vivipara de Necochea. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 34, 145 - 153." type="journal article" year="1908">Bell 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fell 1961).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE604274E931A7A25EFF86C" blockId="1.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
There have been two molecular studies that have shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274EC31AA126A3F90C" box="[151,398,1700,1724]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274EC31AA126A3F90C" box="[151,398,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274C511AA1240AF90C" box="[517,807,1700,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Martin-Ledo, R., Sands, C. J. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (2013) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 36, 115 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 012 - 1242 - z" type="journal article">
|
||
Martin-Ledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CC81AA025F8F90C" box="[668,725,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found several distinct phylogenetic clades from around Shag Rock near
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F0B1AC2252AF950" box="[351,519,1735,1760]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
that they identify as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274D5A1ACD24BFF96F" box="[782,914,1736,1759]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274D5A1ACD24BFF96F" box="[782,914,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274D5A1ACD2408F96F" box="[782,805,1736,1759]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274DF21ACD231EF96F" box="[934,1075,1736,1759]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274DF21ACD231EF96F" box="[934,1075,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274DF21ACD2490F96F" box="[934,957,1736,1759]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pentactis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the five-armed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274AA81ACD267AF8B5" authority="Mortensen, 1936" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1936" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="densispina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274AA81ACD22B1F950" box="[1276,1436,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274AA81ACD223EF96F" box="[1276,1299,1736,1759]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. densispina
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274EC31AE8267AF8B5" author="Mortensen" box="[151,343,1772,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Mortensen, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a new five-armed species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CD61AE92438F8B4" box="[642,789,1772,1796]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wolfarntzi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CD61AE92438F8B4" box="[642,789,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274CD61AE925B4F8B3" box="[642,665,1772,1795]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. wolfarntzi
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an undescribed five-armed species (sp. 1). O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274BDC1AE82799F898" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013, 2014) found three clades within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C2F1B1525D6F897" box="[635,763,1808,1831]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C2F1B1525D6F897" box="[635,763,1808,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274C2F1B1525BFF897" box="[635,658,1808,1831]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several others which were similar to the five-armed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274BD51B152657F8FC" authority="Lyman, 1878" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rosea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274BD51B1527FEF8FC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274BD51B1522B5F897" box="[1409,1432,1808,1831]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. rosea
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274E8B1B302657F8FC" author="Lyman" box="[223,378,1844,1869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the exploring voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, under Prof. Sir Wyville Thomson, F. R. S. Part 1. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 5, 65 - 168, pls 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1878">Lyman, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The three clades of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274CD71B3025CDF8FC" box="[643,736,1845,1868]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274CD71B3025CDF8FC" box="[643,736,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” had separate distributions: ‘A’ was predominantly circum-
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274EC31B52262FF8C0" box="[151,258,1879,1904]" name="Antarctica" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ‘B’ was subantarctic and ‘C’ occurred mainly around southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274DBB1B52237BF8C0" box="[1007,1110,1879,1904]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274AC61B5D2202F8C0" box="[1170,1327,1879,1904]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Clade A included both five and six-armed individuals, the others only six-armed forms. A direct comparison of the COI sequences (O’Hara unpublished data) has revealed that clade A is the same as the clade identified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE604274B591BA5260DF86C" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" refString="Martin-Ledo, R., Sands, C. J. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (2013) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 36, 115 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 012 - 1242 - z" type="journal article">
|
||
Martin-Ledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274EC31BC027E2F86C" box="[151,207,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274F121BC126E0F86C" box="[326,461,1988,2012]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274F121BC126E0F86C" box="[326,461,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274F121BC12670F86B" box="[326,349,1988,2011]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pentactis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and B as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE604274C681BC12596F86C" box="[572,699,1988,2012]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="1" pageNumber="433" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE604274C681BC12596F86C" box="[572,699,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE604274C681BC1257EF86B" box="[572,595,1988,2011]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="433">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2FB6B6FFE504244EC31B792517F85E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242686/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="434" targetBox="[433,1157,197,1888]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE504244EC31B792517F85E" blockId="2.[151,1436,1916,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="434">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE504244EC31B79263BF821" bold="true" box="[151,278,1916,1938]" pageId="2" pageNumber="434">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Graphs of Analysis of Covariance of arm number (A) and arm spine number (B, C) of MACN specimens of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE504244EF61B9F26ACF800" box="[162,385,1946,1968]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="2" pageNumber="434" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE504244EF61B9F26ACF800" box="[162,385,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="434">Ophiacantha vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” from the Patagonian Shelf (n=59), South Georgia (n=26, fig. 1C only) and South Shetland/Sandwich Islands (n=26). All analyses were significant, i.e. arm number and arm spine number differed between populations when disc diameter was incorporated as a covariate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE404254E931C9D23A8FD18" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
In summary, there are at least three clades with six-armed forms (as well as numerous clades with only fivearmed individuals) within this complex. One clade (clade B of O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254DE71CB824C1FF64" box="[947,1004,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013 and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254ADE1CB823CAFF64" box="[1162,1255,189,212]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254ADE1CB823CAFF64" box="[1162,1255,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254B591CB9263FFF48" author="Martin-Ledo" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Martin-Ledo, R., Sands, C. J. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (2013) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 36, 115 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 012 - 1242 - z" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Martin-Ledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254EC31CE427FDFF48" box="[151,208,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is known to occur on the Patagonian Shelf,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254D441CDA2499FF48" box="[784,948,223,248]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254A421CDA23A3FF48" box="[1046,1166,223,248]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge. Presumably this clade is the one that also occurs further north along the Argentinean coast to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254DA11D00237AFEAD" box="[1013,1111,261,285]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
and in the fjords of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254EC31D2227F9FEF0" box="[151,212,295,320]" name="Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
(although this should be checked with genetic data). It may also occur on other subantarctic islands. The second clade (clade A of O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C451D482567FED4" box="[529,586,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254C951D48240BFED4" box="[705,806,333,356]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C951D48240BFED4" box="[705,806,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254D181D492370FED4" author="Martin-Ledo" box="[844,1117,332,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Martin-Ledo, R., Sands, C. J. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (2013) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 36, 115 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 012 - 1242 - z" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Martin-Ledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254DB71D482336FED4" box="[995,1051,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is circumpolar
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254B411D492250FED5" box="[1301,1405,332,357]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
as well as occurring around
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254FEC1D6A2571FE38" box="[440,604,367,392]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254C3F1D6A24AFFE38" author="Martin-Ledo" box="[619,898,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Martin-Ledo, R., Sands, C. J. & Lopez-Gonzalez, P. J. (2013) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Polar Biology, 36, 115 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 012 - 1242 - z" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Martin-Ledo
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254D501D742413FE38" box="[772,830,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254DB41D6A2319FE38" box="[992,1076,367,392]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Orkney</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254A391D752393FE37" box="[1133,1214,368,391]" name="Bouvet Island" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Bouvet</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands, and on the southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254EAA1D91265BFE1D" box="[254,374,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge (O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C7D1D90254CFE1C" box="[553,609,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013). It appears to include both five and six-armed individuals, although this should be confirmed with a study using faster evolving genetic loci than COI which is known to be unable to discriminate some echinoderm species pairs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254CF11DD92478FE44" author="Williams" box="[677,853,476,501]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Williams, S. T. (2000) Species boundaries in the starfish genus Linckia. Marine Biology, 136, 137 - 148. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 002270050016" type="journal article" year="2000">Williams 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The third clade (clade C of O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254B401DD8227DFE44" box="[1300,1360,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013) occurs on seamounts around southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254C021DFA2590FDA8" box="[598,701,511,536]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254CAE1E0524B9FDA8" box="[762,916,511,536]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and along the northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254AE51DFA2204FDA8" box="[1201,1321,511,536]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Macquarie</collectingCountry>
|
||
Ridge. A plausible hypothesis is that these clades represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254CBF1E212442FD8C" box="[747,879,548,572]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254CBF1E212442FD8C" box="[747,879,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254CBF1E21242FFD8B" box="[747,770,548,571]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254DD71E212322FD8C" box="[899,1039,548,572]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254DD71E212322FD8C" box="[899,1039,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254DD71E2124B7FD8B" box="[899,922,548,571]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pentactis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254B5E1E2122B1FD8C" box="[1290,1436,548,572]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254B5E1E2122B1FD8C" box="[1290,1436,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Ophiacantha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species respectively. Thus many of the records from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254CBE1E422472FDD0" box="[746,863,583,608]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Amphilepididae" genus="Amphilepis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="436" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="antarctica">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254CBE1E422472FDD0" box="[746,863,583,608]" name="Antarctica" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
previously considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254A301E4D23C9FDEF" box="[1124,1252,584,607]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254A301E4D23C9FDEF" box="[1124,1252,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254A301E4D2356FDEF" box="[1124,1147,584,607]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254B721E4222BAFDD0" author="Bell" box="[1318,1431,583,608]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Bell, F. J. (1908) Echinodermata. In: National Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1904. Natural History, 4, pp. 1 - 16, 5 pls. Bernasconi, I. (1926) Una ofiura vivipara de Necochea. Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 34, 145 - 153." type="journal article" year="1908">Bell 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254EC31E692615FD34" author="Koehler" box="[151,312,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Koehler, R. (1912) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures et Echinides). In: Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise (1908 - 10), Paris, pp. 272, 16 pls." type="journal volume" year="1912">Koehler 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254F1D1E6926A9FD34" author="Koehler" box="[329,388,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea. Scientific Reports. Australasian Antarctic Expedition, Series C, 8, 1 - 98, pls. 76 - 90." type="journal article" year="1922">1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fell 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254C4E1E692597FD35" author="Madsen" box="[538,698,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1967) Ophiuroidea. Report of the British, Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, 9, 123 - 144, figs. 1 - 8, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1967">Madsen 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254C9F1E6924BFFD35" author="McKnight" box="[715,914,620,645]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1967 b) Echinoderms from Cape Hallet, Ross Sea. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1, 314 - 323. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00288330.1967.9515207" type="journal article" year="1967" yearSuffix="b">McKnight 1967b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are six-armed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254A061E6923F2FD34" box="[1106,1247,620,644]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254A061E6923F2FD34" box="[1106,1247,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254A061E692344FD33" box="[1106,1129,620,643]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pentactis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, and records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254F7A1E8A26B9FD18" box="[302,404,655,680]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254F9F1E95254DFD18" box="[459,608,655,680]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254C241E952468FD18" author="O'Hara" box="[624,837,656,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="O'Hara, T. D., Rowden, A. A. & Williams, A. (2008) Cold-water coral habitats on seamounts: do they have a specialist fauna? Diversity and Distributions, 14, 925 - 934. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1472 - 4642.2008.00495. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C981E942429FD18" box="[716,772,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are an undescribed species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE404254E931EB125A3FC30" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
The identity of specimens found in other regions remains unclear. No genetic sequences are currently available from specimens collected around Crozet, Marion, Kerguelen or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254D3D1ED22483FD40" box="[873,942,727,752]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Heard</collectingCountry>
|
||
Islands. Specimens from around Kerguelen are frequently seven armed and may be “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254C391EF825E7FCA4" box="[621,714,765,788]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C391EF825E7FCA4" box="[621,714,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (although the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254D971EF922ACFCA5" authority="Studer, 1876" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1876" box="[963,1409,764,789]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kerguelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254D971EF923C4FCA4" box="[963,1257,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Ophiacantha kerguelensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254AA61EF922ACFCA5" author="Studer" box="[1266,1409,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Studer, T. (1876) Uber Echinodermen aus dem antarktischen Meere und zwei neue Seeigel von den Papua-Inseln, gesammelt auf der Reise S. M. S. Gazelle um die Erde. Monatsbericht der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1876, 452 - 465." type="journal article" year="1876">Studer, 1876</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is available if specimens from this remote location form a distinct clade). Northern records, such as those found off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254EC31F4127F6FCED" box="[151,219,836,861]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Tommasi 1970;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254FFF1F412588FCEC" author="Tommasi" box="[427,677,836,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Tommasi, L. R., Castro, S. M. de & Sousa, E. C. P. M. de (1988) Echinodermata coletados durante as campanhas oceanograficas do N / Oc. " Almirante Saldanha " no Atlantico Sul Ocidental. Relatorio Interno do Instituto Oceanografico Universidade de Sao Paulo, 21, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
Tommasi
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C491F402574FCEC" box="[541,601,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), need to be critically compared with the six-armed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254B5E1F41265BFC30" authority="Sars, 1871" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1871" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="anomala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254B5E1F4127D4FC30" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Ophiacantha anomala</emphasis>
|
||
Sars, 1871
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the North Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE404254E931F8825B1FA70" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
To test whether arm number or maximum arm spine number varied between the two western hemisphere clades as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254FE41FB52552FC78" author="Mortensen" box="[432,639,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348, 9 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Mortensen (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC19BCFFFE404254C941FAA2363FC78" box="[704,1102,943,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" refString="Bernasconi, I. & d'Agostino, M. M. (1975 b) Equinodermos Antarticos. III Ofiuroideos. 2) Ofiuroideos de Georgias del Sur. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 3 - 23, 3 pls." type="journal article">Bernasconi & d'Agostino (1975b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we compared the abundant material in the MACN from two regions: a) the Patagonian Shelf off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254DF51FD1233DFC5D" box="[929,1040,980,1005]" name="Argentina" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254A1C1FD02387FC5D" box="[1096,1194,981,1005]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
(33–55°S) and b) the South Sandwich and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254F9F1FF225AEFBA0" box="[459,643,1015,1040]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Shetland Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(57–62°S). The first group (n=59) presumably representing “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254B661FFD22A2FBBF" box="[1330,1423,1016,1039]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254B661FFD22A2FBBF" box="[1330,1423,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” and the second “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254F0418182698FB84" box="[336,437,1053,1076]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254F0418182698FB84" box="[336,437,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (n=26). Specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254CB5181924AEFB85" box="[737,899,1052,1077]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
were excluded from the analysis as this locality may represent a zone of overlap of the two species. We performed ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) analyses with region as the categorical variable and disc diameter as the co-variant, as both arm and arm-spine number are potentially related to animal size. We rejected the null hypothesis (no difference between groups, p=0.000) for both arm number and arm spine number (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BFABBFFE404254C7A18A92541FB74" box="[558,620,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[433,1157,197,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[432,1162,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graphs of Analysis of Covariance of arm number (A) and arm spine number (B, C) of MACN specimens of “ Ophiacantha vivipara ” from the Patagonian Shelf (n = 59), South Georgia (n = 26, fig. 1 C only) and South Shetland / Sandwich Islands (n = 26). All analyses were significant, i. e. arm number and arm spine number differed between populations when disc diameter was incorporated as a covariate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242686/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A & B). Animals from the Patagonian Shelf (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254A2318A823F9FB74" box="[1143,1236,1197,1220]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254A2318A823F9FB74" box="[1143,1236,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) had 6–7 (rarely 8) arms while those from further south (“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254C3418D525E8FB57" box="[608,709,1232,1255]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254C3418D525E8FB57" box="[608,709,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”) had 5–6. Patagonian Shelf specimens tended to have more arm spines at any given disc diameter, however, the maximum arm spine number (n=11) was the same for both forms. In summary, there is no simple dichotomous character to distinguish 6-armed specimens of the two forms. This makes the identity of specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254C13193925C7FAE5" box="[583,746,1340,1365]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
problematic, as 26 of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D562DB7FFE404254A4519392387FAE5" box="[1041,1194,1340,1365]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined from there had 6 arms (the last 7). However, many had relatively few arm spines at small to medium disc diameters and so appear to fit the profile of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254F881980256CFA2C" box="[476,577,1413,1436]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254F881980256CFA2C" box="[476,577,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">pentactis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” rather than “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254CBD1980246BFA2C" box="[745,838,1413,1436]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254CBD1980246BFA2C" box="[745,838,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">vivipara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136BFABBFFE404254D311981248AFA2C" box="[869,935,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1916,1938]" captionTargetBox="[433,1157,197,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[432,1162,193,1898]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Graphs of Analysis of Covariance of arm number (A) and arm spine number (B, C) of MACN specimens of “ Ophiacantha vivipara ” from the Patagonian Shelf (n = 59), South Georgia (n = 26, fig. 1 C only) and South Shetland / Sandwich Islands (n = 26). All analyses were significant, i. e. arm number and arm spine number differed between populations when disc diameter was incorporated as a covariate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/242686/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C), although the data is not conclusive and needs to be confirmed with a molecular study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEFE63EFFE404254E9319C9234BF99D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
Consequently the final identity of Bernasconi & d'Agostino “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254D2319C824E7FA54" box="[887,970,1485,1508]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophioripa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254D2319C824E7FA54" box="[887,970,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” specimens remains uncertain as both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254BD519C927D9F9B7" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vivipara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254BD519C927D9F9B7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254BD519C922B5FA53" box="[1409,1432,1484,1507]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. vivipara
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254F7E19F5269CF9B7" box="[298,433,1520,1543]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pentactis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254F7E19F5269CF9B7" box="[298,433,1520,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254F7E19F5266CF9B7" box="[298,321,1520,1543]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. pentactis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are possibly present at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347A6AEFFE404254CE319EA2471F9B8" box="[695,860,1519,1544]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254DB219F523FCF9B7" box="[998,1233,1520,1544]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiacantha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254DB219F523FCF9B7" box="[998,1233,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Ophiacantha ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (as distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C509DBDFFE404254EC31A1126A3F99C" box="[151,398,1556,1580]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiomitrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="3" pageNumber="435" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ingrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9243A2CFFE404254EC31A1126A3F99C" box="[151,398,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="435">Ophiomitrella ingrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) can be removed from the list of species known from the region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |