193 lines
21 KiB
XML
193 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="F275C9A2AA6ED7885EED328237055174" ID-CLB-Dataset="46358" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0dd03941-3a6b-49e3-8431-5169527af5ab" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252362" ID-ZooBank="AE4CFE9E-2AB6-4099-8F50-C49310808060" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460388819172" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Veijalainen, Anu, Broad, Gavin R. & Sääksjärvi, Ilari E." docDate="2014" docId="03F926428F17B14A30BBFB7454C13DC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p252.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Orthocentrus scurra Veijalainen, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="FFC05E3A8F1CB146302CFFD8556D395F" masterDocTitle="Twenty seven new species of Orthocentrus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Orthocentrinae) with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="252" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="212" updateTime="1698297975084" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F4F96CFE23F3C4246889736DFA253920">Twenty seven new species of Orthocentrus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Orthocentrinae) with a key to the Neotropical species of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F20E64EC4DB6056159A58E6612E3280D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2A069A1929F81EBA23D4D4B2C90E242C">Veijalainen, Anu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2CBF3AA2533D7BD55853EA19E008E7F">Broad, Gavin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="75B0595B8A349B4C5A234B87AF5EB2E7">Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E4CCA6C8D98B5055FC5041A502D9633C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F8C414852B9722B5FDEB0C1BA3AF2CA8">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BB82AA0CC7F3EE769208A0E0AE3D1A66">3768</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F926428F17B14A30BBFB7454C13DC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6134676" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416151" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6134676" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F926428F17B14A30BBFB7454C13DC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F926428F17B14A30BBFB7454C13DC0" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F17B14A30BBFB74570E3BDA" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30BBFB7457E33D99" blockId="11.[151,654,1196,1255]" box="[151,654,1196,1222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<heading id="D0A720388F17B14D30BBFB7457E33D99" bold="true" box="[151,654,1196,1222]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F17B14D30BBFB7457E33D99" bold="true" box="[151,654,1196,1222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<taxonomicName id="4C50ECD78F17B14D30BBFB7457493D99" authority="Veijalainen" authorityName="Veijalainen" box="[151,548,1196,1222]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scurra" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F17B14D30BBFB7454E03D99" bold="true" box="[151,397,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Orthocentrus scurra</emphasis>
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Veijalainen
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A217F63D8F17B14D321CFB7457E33D99" box="[560,654,1196,1222]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30BBFB1654843DB8" blockId="11.[151,654,1196,1255]" box="[151,489,1230,1255]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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<figureCitation id="136B8BD18F17B14D30BBFB1655B13DB8" box="[151,220,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1914,1936]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1892]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[151,1436,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lateral views: Orthocentrus shieldsi (in part) and O. maculae species-groups. A: scurra, B: teres, C: luteoclypeus, D: maculae, E: saaksjarvii, F: rectus. Scale 0.5 mm except in E 1.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252364/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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A, 6 G, 8 G, 11 G, 13 G.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30BBFACF54863C71" blockId="11.[151,1436,1302,1975]" box="[151,491,1302,1327]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">
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Fore wing length
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<quantity id="4CA83AB18F17B14D3171FACF548A3C71" box="[349,487,1303,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="212" unit="mm" value="3.15" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.2 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30EBFAE354A43F2C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1302,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Face medially 1.0x wider than high; face smooth, polished, densely punctate medially, eyes not setose, dorsal ridge of face inbetween antennal sockets without a median prominence; face profile straight, edge of clypeus very straight, antennal sockets on a high shelf; malar groove sharp, not deep, bent towards occiput, somewhat sinuous; maxillary palp not exceptionally long, reaching to about epicnemial carina. In dorsal view, head posteriorly deeply concave, temples distinct, posterior ocelli distant from eye by 0.8x ocellar diameter, anterior ocellus separated from eye by 1.5x ocellar diameter, ocellar-ocular grooves present. Minimum distance between antennal sockets about one third diameter of socket; antenna thick, curled, with 31 similar-sized transverse-quadrate flagellomeres which not gradually shortening towards apex; basal flagellomere 0.9x as wide as high and about 1/4 of the length of scape; scape parallel-sided.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30EBF9A757563E14" blockId="11.[151,1436,1302,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Mesosoma smooth and polished except pronotum with short striations centrally and postero-ventrally, impuncate, some microsculpture on propodeum; mesoscutum lacking notauli; in profile, scutellum somewhat high, metapleuron slightly convex; propodeum with posterior transverse carina clearly present between lateral longitudinal carinae and traces of posterior transverse carina present laterally to lateral longitudinal carinae, median longitudinal carinae complete and more or less parallel, lateral longitudinal carinae clear posteriorly, fading just posterior to spiracles, spiracles small.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F17B14D30EBF88F578F3EE9" blockId="11.[151,1436,1302,1975]" pageId="11" pageNumber="212">Legs all slightly flattened, broad; coxae and femora polished, tibiae and tarsi coriaceous-granulate; hind coxa 1.2–1.6x as long as first tergite, hind femur 2.9x as long as high, hind tibia 4.0–4.4x as long as apically wide; tibiae with scattered, inconspicuous stout, spine-like setae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFF4F51FA398A" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Wings not particularly narrow; fore wing with areolet closed, small, only slightly longer than high, 2m-cu meeting areolet at apical 0.7, vein Rs straight; hind wing vein cu-a not intercepted, straight.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFF07501D388F" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">First tergite elongate, dorsally slightly wider at spiracles, 1.4–1.6x as long as apically wide; rugose-coriaceous, with two posteriorly almost complete median longitudinal carinae, with transverse impressions originating at about middle of tergite, sloping posteriorly, not meeting centrally. Second tergite 0.9x as long as apically wide; smoothly strigose, posterior margin polished, with transverse impressions originating at about middle of tergite, not meeting centrally; basal thyridia of second tergite oval/elongate, contrastingly coloured. Remaining tergites smooth, polished; third tergite with basal thyridia narrow, oval/elongate. Ovipositor not clearly visible in either specimen; ovipositor sheath pointed, with sparse setae longer than sheath width and strongly curved, backwards pointing.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFE04571A3B48" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Body largely setose except eyes, pronotum, mesopleuron and metapleuron; setae scattered on propodeum, basal tergites, and posterior sides of coxae.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFDFC570E3BDA" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Dark brown except mesosoma ventrally and posterior edge of tergite two orangey brown; face dark yellow with brown patches, antenna with some dark yellow basally; fore and mid legs, hind trochanter and trochantellus, yellow; mouthparts and sternites creamy.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F10B14A30EBFD5754E83BF7" box="[199,389,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFD5754E83BF7" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,389,655,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A30EBFD57546C3BF7" box="[199,257,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Male</emphasis>
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. Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F10B14A30EBFD6C50153B92" box="[199,1400,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFD6C50153B92" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" box="[199,1400,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A30EBFD6C544A3B92" bold="true" box="[199,295,692,717]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Biology.</emphasis>
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Hosts unknown. Both specimens were collected at mid and high-altitude sites in Central
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<collectingCountry id="F347D7C48F10B14A3523FD6C501E3B92" box="[1295,1395,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">America</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F10B14A30EBFD0F503F3A4A" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFD0F503F3A4A" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A30EBFD0F54233BAF" bold="true" box="[199,334,727,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named after the Latin for ‘jester’ or ‘clown’, after the grinning malar sulcus; we are grateful to Lois Smith for her description of orthocentrines as ‘masked clowns grinning from eye to eye’ (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC1EAA58F10B14A3490FD24502B3A4A" author="Smith" box="[1212,1350,764,789]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" refString="Smith, L. K. (1958) A revision of the subfamily Orthocentrinae (Ichneumonidae, Hymenoptera) of America north of Mexico. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin." type="book" year="1958">Smith 1958</bibRefCitation>
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)!
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F10B14A30EBFCC755983AFB" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFCC755983AFB" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A30EBFCC754223A67" bold="true" box="[199,335,799,824]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Comments.</emphasis>
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Compared with the other species that have antennal sockets on a high protruding shelf, thick, curled antennae, whole body not laterally flattened, eyes glabrous, and face polished and densely punctate, the sculpture on the propodeum and both the first and the second tergite is strong and distinct unlike in
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<taxonomicName id="4C50ECD78F10B14A34DFFCB050273ADF" box="[1267,1354,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="teres">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A34DFFCB050273ADF" box="[1267,1354,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">O. teres</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C50ECD78F10B14A35ADFCB055823AFB" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
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<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A35ADFCB055823AFB" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">O. quercus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34AC4DF8F10B14A30EBFC7754C13DC0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFC7750253AB3" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
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||
<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A30EBFC7754D13A97" bold="true" box="[199,444,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="54EB29F68F10B14A31FCFC7757553A97" box="[464,568,943,968]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female: ‘
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<collectingCountry id="F347D7C48F10B14A329BFC7756413A97" box="[695,812,943,968]" name="Honduras" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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, Comayagua,
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<quantity id="4CA83AB18F10B14A33C8FC68515A3A97" box="[996,1079,943,968]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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E Comayagua,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE64F1938F10B14A3523FC7750F53A97" box="[1295,1432,943,968]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="14.45997">14.45997ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE64F1938F10B14A30BBFC0C544E3AB2" box="[151,291,980,1005]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-87.54433">87.54433ºW</geoCoordinate>
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, 2020±
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||
<quantity id="4CA83AB18F10B14A315BFC0C54CE3AB3" box="[375,419,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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, clearing on peak, Malaise trap,
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<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A3323FC0C56C03AB2" box="[783,941,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2010-05-16" valueMax="2010-05-18" valueMin="2010-05-16">16–18.V.2010</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A3395FC0C514E3AB3" box="[953,1059,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">LLAMA</collectionCode>
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||
#Ma-C-
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||
<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A3453FC0C51B93AB3" box="[1151,1236,980,1004]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2002-02-03">03-2-02</date>
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||
’ (
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||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A34CAFC0C50513AB3" box="[1254,1340,980,1004]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9aq9-rt4h" name="University of Tokyo, Department of Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">ZMUT</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFC2057CF3D6B" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EB29F68F10B14A30EBFC2054433D4F" box="[199,302,1016,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 1 ♀
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<collectingCountry id="F347D7C48F10B14A3140FC2F54853D4F" box="[364,488,1015,1040]" name="Guatemala" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Baja Vera, Biotopo Quetzal, 1685±
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||
<quantity id="4CA83AB18F10B14A33AFFC2F56DD3D50" box="[899,944,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="9.0">9 m</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE64F1938F10B14A3391FC2F512B3D4F" box="[957,1094,1015,1040]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="15.2137">15.21370ºN</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE64F1938F10B14A347EFC2051B33D4F" box="[1106,1246,1016,1040]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-90.21822">90.21822ºW</geoCoordinate>
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||
, cloud forest,
|
||
<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A35ACFC2054613D6B" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2009-05-07" valueMax="2009-05-10" valueMin="2009-05-07">7– 10.V.2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A313BFBC454123D6B" box="[279,383,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">LLAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
#Ma-B-
|
||
<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A31F6FBC457413D6B" box="[474,556,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2001-02-02">02-2-01</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A3217FBC457F83D6B" box="[571,661,1052,1076]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEF97548F10B14A30EBFBE754C13DC0" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Both specimens (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50ECD78F10B14A31A5FBE757733D07" box="[393,542,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A31A5FBE757733D07" box="[393,542,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 6 F 520
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A328BFB9856663D07" box="[679,779,1088,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">LLAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
Ma-C-
|
||
<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A334CFB9856D83D07" box="[864,949,1088,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2002-02-03">03-2-02</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C50ECD78F10B14A33C7FBE751ED3D07" box="[1003,1152,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Orthocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A33C7FBE751ED3D07" box="[1003,1152,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">Orthocentrus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 6 F
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F347D7C48F10B14A34F5FBE7507B3D07" box="[1241,1302,1087,1112]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A34F5FBE7507B3D07" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12945" box="[1241,1302,1087,1112]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12945" name="DIVEA, DEP, FEEMA" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">GUA</collectionCode>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
76
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED410F918F10B14A3514FB9850F13D07" box="[1336,1436,1088,1112]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">LLAMA</collectionCode>
|
||
Ma-B-
|
||
<date id="FFEEB1948F10B14A30CAFBBC54513D23" box="[230,316,1124,1148]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" value="2001-02-02">02-2-01</date>
|
||
) were sequenced by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC1EAA58F10B14A3200FBBC562C3D23" box="[556,833,1124,1149]" pageId="12" pageNumber="213" refString="Veijalainen, A., Wahlberg, N., Broad, G. R., Erwin, T. L., Longino, J. T. & Saaksjarvi, I. E. (2012) Unprecedented ichneumonid parasitoid wasp diversity in tropical forests. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 279, 4694 - 4698. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2012.1664" type="journal article">
|
||
Veijalainen
|
||
<emphasis id="B9244B468F10B14A329EFBBD57863D22" box="[690,747,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. They had the same haplotype which differed clearly from the remaining taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |