390 lines
57 KiB
XML
390 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="9D30D30BA7DF9D81495E340BB84B8F34" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad129" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470587" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1704720241479" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vincenzi, Joel, Cesari, Michele, Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Roszkowska, Milena, Mioduchowska, Monika, Rebecchi, Lorena & Guideưi, Yevgen Kiosya and Roberto" docDate="2024" docId="03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0" docLanguage="en" docName="zlad129.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad129" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C.1:ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleId="4F230B9370E98E256D973D6DFB57F36C" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2023-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Xerobiotus arenosum Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi 2024, sp.nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFD938396E13FFB3FF952B3B6C5EFFD5" masterDocTitle="The xerophilic genera Xerobiotus and Pseudohexapodibius (Macrobiotidae; Tardigrada): biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeny" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1704720769582" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C3A222D393E2A3C95D933780D676C86A">The xerophilic genera Xerobiotus and Pseudohexapodibius (Macrobiotidae; Tardigrada): biodiversity, biogeography and phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6FF0FCED1092E88BCF5D58652F614261">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="50C96D452203FAEB38729226C8980AFC">Vincenzi, Joel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7F993CB3C459A7F1C680F50076309B6">Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="48597D5C41CC5F507CECD3525D2B8DFE" type="email">joel.vincenzi@unimore.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E707A3935B81273AC804A884B6FEC58E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4AA148B71080B991079EA38367754575">Cesari, Michele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6F1B02F0BA1C4199B5FE894BB2A34D21">Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy & NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D79D4A0736FBDEE13A049A30EB8DEBC6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B995B8D83C28D73B7D5BED03D84CAA10">Kaczmarek, Łukasz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B552EFE6E8B9A0154C4D5AAA3FE0B8CD">Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1AFBD536F07C3B66985CCF98EA3FA4AB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0D52BB4413FE156DB726B96EF39388BB">Roszkowska, Milena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB4048E635F0FCB4051D5A12A38A9124">Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3D649563B2BF4DCF3224762BB21E0989">Mioduchowska, Monika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C6F00442E40BF7B27947512CF6B35111">Department of Evolutionary Genetics and Biosystematics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="13FC51D3E24343B9465C40155FE62933">Rebecchi, Lorena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1D60BD7E2A22AAF8CC725EC5EE7AEE2B">Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy & NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="321315D16959A3F5BAFEEE12C2FB5588">Guideưi, Yevgen Kiosya and Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D4C6CDB264AE8812B141AEC4A585DD79">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="2D0F76C479A8B30202261D2E09DA3908">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A53BC801C2C897F251B5DE1F48D782F">2023-10-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C4CD34216EA8474D1A4B2B8DB23DE81">200</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="565BA1F0C85CCCA8777412A69F909208">http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad129</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="124E77AB5857DB1ADD7BBD9797B6114B" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad129</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C1E73BD2C4C5733215ACC333BF2824D2" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470595" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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<subSubSection id="C353A2DC6E05FFA5FEA62C136E08F897" box="[307,598,1832,1859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FEA62C136E08F897" blockId="22.[307,598,1832,1859]" box="[307,598,1832,1859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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<heading id="D0BE463B6E05FFA5FEA62C136E08F897" bold="true" box="[307,598,1832,1859]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FEA62C136E08F897" bold="true" box="[307,598,1832,1859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E05FFA5FEA62C136E58F896" authority="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi, 2024" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[307,518,1832,1859]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FEA62C136E58F896" bold="true" box="[307,518,1832,1859]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Xerobiotus arenosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E903E6E05FFA5FD9F2C136E08F897" box="[522,598,1832,1858]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" rank="species">sp.nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C353A2DC6E05FFAAFF1F2C6C6D3AFAD0" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FF1F2C6C6ED4F845" blockId="22.[138,768,1879,1937]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FF1F2C6C6ED4F845" bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FF012C6C6CBEF8A4" box="[148,224,1879,1905]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Figs 12</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FF7F2C6C6D58F8A4" box="[234,262,1879,1905]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">13</figureCitation>
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; measurements and statistics are in
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<tableCitation id="C6CBC4EC6E05FFA5FDE92C636E8AF8A4" box="[636,724,1879,1906]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[111,166,429,454]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements and pt values of selected morphological structures of individuals of Xerobiotus reductus, Xerobiotus litus, Xerobiotus arenosum and Pseudohexapodibius degenerans (N, number of specimens/structures measured; pt, ratio of the length of a given structure to the length of the buccal tube expressed as a percentage; Range, the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD, standard deviation)." pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Tables 2</tableCitation>
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and
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<tableCitation id="C6CBC4EC6E05FFA5FE942C4C6D51F844" box="[257,271,1911,1937]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="16.[111,166,650,675]" captionText="Table 3. Morphometry of the eggs of Xerobiotus reductus, Xerobiotus litus, Xerobiotus arenosum and Pseudohexapodibius degenerans (N, number of specimens/structures measured; Range, the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD, standard deviation)." pageId="22" pageNumber="133">3</tableCitation>
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||
; Supporting Information,
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||
<tableCitation id="C6CBC4EC6E05FFA5FDB12C4C6E20F844" box="[548,638,1911,1937]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="16.[111,166,650,675]" captionText="Table 3. Morphometry of the eggs of Xerobiotus reductus, Xerobiotus litus, Xerobiotus arenosum and Pseudohexapodibius degenerans (N, number of specimens/structures measured; Range, the smallest and the largest structure among all measured specimens; SD, standard deviation)." pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Table S3</tableCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FF142CA66D34F800" blockId="22.[129,777,1949,2005]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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ZooBank:
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<materialsCitation id="3B21FB0A6E05FFA5FCAC2BAA6FCFFF32" collectionCode="R" country="Italy" latitude="43.238926" location="Marina di Bibbona" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="10.526793" municipality="Livorno" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B926B2D6E05FFA5FB4F2BAB6973FF7D" box="[1242,1325,144,168]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Livorno</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35EB1C76E05FFA5FAD72BAB6931FF7D" box="[1346,1391,144,168]" name="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Italy</collectingCountry>
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, dunes (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D97906E05FFA5FCD42B946F8BFF12" box="[833,981,174,199]" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" precision="1" seconds="20.13" value="43.238926">43°14ʹ20.13N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7D97906E05FFA5FC4B2B9468D6FF12" box="[990,1160,174,199]" degrees="10" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" precision="1" seconds="36.4548" value="10.526793">10°31ʹ36.4548E</geoCoordinate>
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), moss on sandy dunes, coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED5869926E05FFA5FA3F2B8B69E0FF12" box="[1450,1470,176,199]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">R</collectionCode>
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. Guideưi
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FCAC2A336FA7FEF5" box="[825,1017,264,288]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FC6B2A3368FAFEF5" box="[1022,1188,264,288]" count="36" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="adult">Thirty-six adults</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FB402A33697AFEF5" box="[1237,1316,264,288]" count="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="egg">six eggs</specimenCount>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCAC2A796956FE02" blockId="22.[825,1474,321,471]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FCAC2A796FB9FE8C" box="[825,999,322,345]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Type repositories:</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FBB92A7A68D6FE8C" box="[1068,1160,321,345]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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(
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<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FB082A7A68AEFE8C" box="[1181,1264,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">4411s3c</emphasis>
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),
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<materialsCitation id="3B21FB0A6E05FFA5FA9F2A7A6F21FE4D" country="Italy" location="Bertolani's Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="9" specimenCount-egg="3" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FA9F2A7A69CCFE8F" box="[1290,1426,321,346]" count="6" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">six paratypes</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FCAC2A5A6FFBFEAC" box="[825,933,353,377]" count="3" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="egg">three eggs</specimenCount>
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deposited in
|
||
<location id="8E96A78C6E05FFA5FBAE2A5A6943FEAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0:8E96A78C6E05FFA5FBAE2A5A6943FEAC" box="[1083,1309,353,377]" country="Italy" name="Bertolani's Collection" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Bertolani’s Collection</location>
|
||
of UNIMORE (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EB1C76E05FFA5FCD42ABB6F29FE4D" box="[833,887,384,408]" name="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B21FB0A6E05FFA5FC1C2ABB68CFFE62" country="Italy" location="Museum of Natural History" municipality="Natural History of Verona" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-egg="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FC1C2ABB6847FE4D" box="[905,1049,384,408]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">two paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FBDE2ABB68C5FE4D" box="[1099,1179,384,408]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="egg">one egg</specimenCount>
|
||
deposited in the
|
||
<location id="8E96A78C6E05FFA5FAD82ABB6F82FE62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E040416E05FFAAFEA62C136D3AFAD0:8E96A78C6E05FFA5FAD82ABB6F82FE62" country="Italy" municipality="Natural History of Verona" name="Museum of Natural History" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Museum of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B926B2D6E05FFA5FCAC2AA46F82FE62" box="[825,988,415,439]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
of Verona (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35EB1C76E05FFA5FBC12AA468D7FE62" box="[1108,1161,415,439]" name="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B21FB0A6E05FFA5FB0F2A9B695AFE02" collectionCode="SEM" country="Italy" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-egg="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FB0F2A9B696BFE6D" box="[1178,1333,416,440]" count="4" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">Four paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E05FFA5FAFD2A9B699CFE6D" box="[1384,1474,416,440]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" type="egg">two eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
were mounted on stubs for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5869926E05FFA5FBDA2A8468DDFE02" box="[1103,1155,447,471]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
observation
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCAC2AC36F8AFD9A" blockId="22.[825,1474,504,591]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FCAC2AC36FF6FDC5" box="[825,936,504,528]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The name of the species means sandy coastal hill (dune) in Latin, for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FBA62923683FFDE5" box="[1075,1121,536,560]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of environment in which the species was found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCAC294A6FCDFC56" blockId="22.[825,1475,624,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FCAC294A6FEFFD5D" box="[825,945,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Body whitish; orange eye-spots present. Very small scaưered pores (~0.5 µm in diameter, visible only with SEM) in the dorsolateral cuticle. Very small single granules, distributed almost regularly, present on the entire cuticle (visible with SEM). Legs of the first pair clearly smaller than those of the second and third pairs. Area of the leg cuticle surrounding the claws with a swelling (forming a furbelow-like structure;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FA0D28176F36FCB6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Figs 12H</figureCitation>
|
||
) covered with microdigitations (visible with SEM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FA0928706FDCFC56" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCC028B1685BFAAD" blockId="22.[825,1475,624,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Buccopharyngeal apparatus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E05FFA5FB7928B16933FC77" authorityName="Schultze" authorityYear="1834" box="[1260,1389,906,930]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FB7928B16933FC77" box="[1260,1389,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Macrobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FA1928B169E0FC77" box="[1420,1470,906,930]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, anteroventral mouth with 10 small peribuccal lamellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FA0F28926F3DFC34" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral cavity armature of the
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FB5728F36975FC35" box="[1218,1323,968,992]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FAA328F26938FC34" box="[1334,1382,969,993]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(visible with LM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FC3928D36878FBD5" box="[940,1062,1000,1024]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12B–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with three dorsal transversal crests (in contact), two ventral lateral crests and medioventral crest split in two granules, a thin anterior band of teeth (visible with SEM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FC642F7D6811FB8B" box="[1009,1103,1094,1118]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Typically shaped stylet furcae, with oval condyles supported by short branches provided with rounded apophyses. In the pharynx (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FA802FBF692FFB48" box="[1301,1393,1156,1181]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
): large and triangular pharyngeal apophyses overlapping the first macroplacoid; two rod-shaped macroplacoids, length sequence 2 <1 (in lateral view), and evident drop-shaped microplacoid. In frontal view, the first macroplacoid is in the shape of a drop with a medial slight constriction, the second rectangular with rounded corners and with a small terminal slight constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCC02E446FEFF964" blockId="22.[825,1475,624,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Claws I–III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E05FFA5FC7A2E446806FA42" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[1007,1112,1407,1431]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FC7A2E446806FA42" box="[1007,1112,1407,1431]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Xerobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FBCA2EBB68D0FA4D" box="[1119,1166,1408,1432]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, with thin base (without lunules) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FCEA2EA56F8BFA62" box="[895,981,1438,1463]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
|
||
) and with a small cuticular plate connected to the base of the claw (visible with SEM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FB582E85697BFA03" box="[1229,1317,1470,1494]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Claw IV with a longer common tract with a proximal constriction (without lunules), small and short claw branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FB702EC76961F9C1" box="[1253,1343,1532,1556]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
), a large cuticular plate connected to the base of the claw (visible with SEM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FCAC2D006FD0F986" box="[825,910,1595,1619]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a cuticular thickening in the shape of a ring with irregular margins present under the claw base (and connected with it) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FC032D416FB0F947" box="[918,1006,1658,1682]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Main branches of all claws with small accessory points.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E05FFA5FCC02D83697AF81E" blockId="22.[825,1475,624,1995]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Spherical eggs laid freely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FBFA2D83689BF905" box="[1135,1221,1720,1744]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Figs 12I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FB412D8368A2F905" box="[1236,1276,1720,1744]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">13F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface between processes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E05FFA5FC2F2DE3684BF925" authorityName="C. A. S. Schultze" authorityYear="1834" box="[954,1045,1752,1776]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hufelandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FC2F2DE3684BF925" box="[954,1045,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">hufelandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FB8F2DE36817F925" box="[1050,1097,1752,1776]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, i.e. covered with a reticulum formed by a mesh of small, densely distributed pores, uniform in size and evenly distributed. Processes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E05FFA5FB732C2D691FF8FB" authorityName="C. A. S. Schultze" authorityYear="1834" box="[1254,1345,1814,1838]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Macrobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="22" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="hufelandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E05FFA5FB732C2D691FF8FB" box="[1254,1345,1814,1838]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">hufelandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F24FF56E05FFA5FADF2C2C6927F8FA" box="[1354,1401,1815,1839]" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, small, and a relatively small and convex terminal disc (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FAB32C0D6927F89B" box="[1318,1401,1846,1870]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Figs 12I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FA102C0D69EFF89B" box="[1413,1457,1846,1870]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">13G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The edge of the terminal discs indented, the indentations appearing like a tapered tip (with LM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FB3E2C4F68A6F859" box="[1195,1272,1908,1932]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 12J</figureCitation>
|
||
) and like elongated processes ornamented with granules (with SEM;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E05FFA5FAA12CAF69D2F879" box="[1332,1420,1940,1964]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-5@24.[180,1423,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 13. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows).D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars:40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="133">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
|
||
). An egg laid by a female of this species was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF36A1DF6E04FFA4FFE42C176946F84D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" startId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" targetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E04FFA4FFE42C176946F84D" blockId="23.[113,1448,1836,1944]" pageId="23" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E04FFA4FFE42C176DF9F896" bold="true" box="[113,423,1836,1860]" pageId="23" pageNumber="134">
|
||
Figure 12.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E04FFA4FF4F2C176DF9F896" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[218,423,1836,1860]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="23" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E04FFA4FF4F2C176DF9F896" bold="true" box="[218,423,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="134">Xerobiotus arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A, animal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E04FFA4FD852C166E14F891" box="[528,586,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="134">in toto</emphasis>
|
||
. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus. C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view). F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes. J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF36A1DF6E0BFFABFF142C176FFBF8AE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10470621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470621/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="135" startId="24.[129,194,1836,1860]" targetBox="[180,1423,144,1808]" targetPageId="24" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E0BFFABFF142C176FFBF8AE" blockId="24.[129,1459,1836,1916]" pageId="24" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0BFFABFF142C176DE9F896" bold="true" box="[129,439,1836,1860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Figure 13.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0BFFABFF7C2C176DE9F896" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[233,439,1836,1860]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="24" pageNumber="135" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0BFFABFF7C2C176DE9F896" bold="true" box="[233,439,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="135">Xerobiotus arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. A, animal
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0BFFABFD8A2C166E07F891" box="[543,601,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="135">in toto</emphasis>
|
||
. B, mouth opening. C, legs I, with furbelow-like structure; small plates at the base of the claws (arrows). D, microdigitations of the furbelow-like structure. E, claws IV, with ventral plate (arrows). F, egg. G, egg surface and processes. A–G, SEM. Scale bars: 40 µm in A; 3 µm in B, E; 5 µm in C, G; 1 µm in D; 30 µm in F.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E0AFFAAFFE42BAB6E95FF12" blockId="25.[113,762,144,199]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFFE42BAB6CA5FF7D" box="[113,251,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Reproduction:</emphasis>
|
||
Parthenogenetic; only females were found. The tetraploid karyotype has 24 chromosomes (4
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFDA92B8B6E17FF12" box="[572,585,176,199]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">n</emphasis>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1372EDD26E0AFFAAFDF12B946EE4FF12" box="[612,698,175,199]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="23.[113,178,1836,1860]" captionTargetBox="[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@23.[165,1408,144,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 12. Xerobiotus arenosum. A, animal in toto. B, buccopharyngeal apparatus.C, buccal armature (dorsal view). D, buccal armature (ventral view). E, buccal armature (ventral view).F, claw I. G, hind legs with claw IV (arrowheads indicate thickenings under claw base). H, legs II and III, with the swellings of the furbelow-like structure (arrowheads). I, egg surface and processes.J, terminal discs of egg processes. K, chromosomes (24 univalents, stained with Orcein). A, C–H, PhC; B, I–K, DIC. Scale bars: 20 µm in A, B, H–J; 10 µm in C–G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10470619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10470619/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Fig. 12K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E0AFFAAFFE42BD26EBEFDEF" blockId="25.[113,763,233,570]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFFE42BD26DDDFED4" box="[113,387,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Molecular characterization:</emphasis>
|
||
Six haplotypes for
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFDCB2BD26ED2FED4" box="[606,652,233,257]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
(from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E0AFFAAFD4A2BD26C81FEF5" count="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" type="generic">six specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
; p-distance 0.1%–0.5%), one haplotype for ITS2 (from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E0AFFAAFF232A136D15FEEA" box="[182,331,295,319]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), one haplotypes for 18S (from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E0AFFAAFD342A136CEAFE8A" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
), and one haplotype for 28S (from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D4F3ADE6E0AFFAAFDB72A7C6EEDFE8A" box="[546,691,327,351]" count="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
) genes (GenBank accession numbers in Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6CBC4EC6E0AFFAAFD572A5D6CD5FE48" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="26.[111,166,488,513]" captionText="Table 4. Comparisons of the morphological characters present in the Xerobiotus species considered in this study. Unless specified otherwise, all the structures considered are visible with light microscopy (Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi was not included owing to unclear morphology)." pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Table S4</tableCitation>
|
||
; p-distances in Supporting Information, Table S8). The more similar sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFEDC2A9E6D9BFE69" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[329,453,421,444]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFEDC2A9E6D9BFE69" box="[329,453,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belong: for
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFDD32A9E6E2AFE68" box="[582,628,421,445]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFD082A9E6EABFE69" box="[669,757,421,444]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gretae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFD082A9E6EABFE69" box="[669,757,421,444]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. gretae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFFE42AFF6C84FE09" authority="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi, 2024" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[113,218,452,476]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFFE42AFF6C84FE09" box="[113,218,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Xerobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E903E6E0AFFAAFF762AFF6D44FE0E" box="[227,282,452,475]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFEF22AFF6D8EFE09" authority="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi, 2024" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[359,464,452,476]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFEF22AFF6D8EFE09" box="[359,464,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Xerobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E903E6E0AFFAAFE4D2AFF6E4EFE0E" box="[472,528,452,475]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2, with p-distances of 2.0%–2.9%, 1.6%–10.6% and 2.0%–3.1%, respectively; for ITS2, to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFF1B29386C8AFDCE" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[142,212,515,539]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="litus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFF1B29386C8AFDCE" box="[142,212,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. litus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFE9C29386D2CFDCE" authority="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi, 2024" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[265,370,515,539]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus" status="n. sp.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFE9C29386D2CFDCE" box="[265,370,515,539]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Xerobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20E903E6E0AFFAAFEED29386DF1FDCF" box="[376,431,515,538]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1, with p-distances of 2.0% and 2.0%–2.9%, respectively (Supporting Information, Table S8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF6F1576E0AFFAAFFE429606D3AFAD0" blockId="25.[113,763,603,1285]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFFE429606E42FDA6" box="[113,540,603,627]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Differential diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFEDB29606E42FDA6" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[334,540,603,627]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum">Xerobiotus arenosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFFE429406D76FD46" box="[113,296,635,659]" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFFE429406C84FD46" box="[113,218,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">Xerobiotus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a tetraploid karyotype with 24 chromosomes (4
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFEAB29A06D15FD67" box="[318,331,667,690]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">n</emphasis>
|
||
) and by an egg with the shortest processes with respect to all the other species of the genus. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFD7129816C91FD25" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="arenosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFD7129816C91FD25" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. arenosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFEC229E26D9AFD25" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[343,452,728,752]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="reductus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFEC229E26D9AFD25" box="[343,452,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. reductus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of claws IV (with a proximal restriction of the common tract and a cuticular thickening under the claw base), and the shape of distal discs of egg processes (convex and larger in relative diameter) and the higher number of processes on the circumference;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFDA1286C6E24FCBB" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" box="[564,634,854,878]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="litus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFDA1286C6E24FCBB" box="[564,634,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. litus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a small plate at the base of claws (visible with SEM) and the higher number of processes on the circumference;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFD0028AE6EA4FC79" box="[661,762,917,940]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="euxinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFD0028AE6EA4FC79" box="[661,762,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. euxinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the semilunar thickening at the base of the claws I–III (not visible with LM), the absence of lunules in claws IV, absence of males, and convex terminal discs of egg processes;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFD1728C86E84FBDF" box="[642,730,1011,1034]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="gretae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFD1728C86E84FBDF" box="[642,730,1011,1034]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. gretae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by shorter branches of claws I–III, the presence of a reticulated egg surface (with small, rounded meshes) between the processes, and convex terminal discs of egg processes;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFDD12F6A6EF1FBBD" authorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Vincenzi & Cesari & Kaczmarek & Roszkowska & Mioduchowska & Rebecchi & Guideưi" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[580,687,1105,1128]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="naginae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFDD12F6A6EF1FBBD" box="[580,687,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. naginae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of claw IV (longer common tract with a proximal constriction) and the higher number of processes on the circumference; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C498AD46E0AFFAAFF342F946D7BFB13" baseAuthorityName="Dastych" baseAuthorityYear="1978" box="[161,293,1198,1222]" class="Eutardigrada" family="Macrobiotidae" genus="Xerobiotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Parachela" pageId="25" pageNumber="136" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="xerophilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93D2D456E0AFFAAFF342F946D7BFB13" box="[161,293,1198,1222]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="136">X. xerophilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a cuticular thickening at the base of claw IV, and the shape of egg processes (without a funnel-like depression).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |