166 lines
18 KiB
XML
166 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="451C9C2A82208874CAB0C936522E6F78" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13244881" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13244881" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722970250919" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Hendrich, Lars & Balke, Michael" docDate="2004" docId="03D687B7A735FFBF39D2F89CBBF54D56" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.1.97-145.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Spercheus stangli Schwarz & Barber 1917" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="123" masterDocId="FFEFFFCFA72FFFA53903FF87BF1E4871" masterDocTitle="Aquatic Coleoptera Of Singapore: Species Richness, Ecology And Conservation #" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1722975545229" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="FCFCE087E0743BBAEFA0AB8204BBCB19">Aquatic Coleoptera Of Singapore: Species Richness, Ecology And Conservation #</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C8F9272941935FFECEDFC0A327DE0F75">Hendrich, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F6E3CCBC4484F921BA30E1F267250FA5">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CE5DD4AEC2B362F82E9F9F2C48A1BC95">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="DC97B9B3C0174CC0957D95D464ADE54B" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF39D2F89CBDA04F43" box="[209,702,1818,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF39D2F89CBDA04F43" blockId="26.[209,702,1818,1872]" box="[209,702,1818,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<heading id="D08881CDA735FFBF39D2F89CBDA04F43" bold="true" box="[209,702,1818,1843]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF39D2F89CBDA04F43" ID-CoL="6YX6Y" authority="Schwarz & Barber, 1917" authorityName="Schwarz & Barber" authorityYear="1917" box="[209,702,1818,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Spercheidae" genus="Spercheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stangli">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF39D2F89CBDA04F43" bold="true" box="[209,702,1818,1843]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF39D2F89CBE894F42" bold="true" box="[209,407,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Spercheus stangli</emphasis>
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Schwarz & Barber, 1917
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF389BF8BEBEE94F21" box="[408,503,1849,1872]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF389BF8BEBEE94F21" blockId="26.[209,702,1818,1872]" box="[408,503,1849,1872]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13442A24A735FFBF38A3F8BEBEF14F21" box="[416,495,1849,1872]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="34.[136,181,2010,2031]" captionTargetBox="[281,923,1109,1946]" captionTargetId="figure-14@34.[265,649,1090,1531]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figs. 24-30. 24. Cybister sugillatus Erichsin, 1834 (Fam. Dytiscidae, 22.0 mm); 25 Hydrocanthus indicus Wehncke, 1876 (Fam. Noteridae, 4.5 mm); 26. Spercheus stangli Schwarz & Barber, 1917 (Fam. Spercheidae, 4.2 mm); 27. Berosus fairmairei Zaitzev, 1908 (Fam. Hydrophilidae, 4.5 mm); 28. Amphiops mater sumatrensis (Sharp, 1873) (Fam. Hydrophilidae, 3.5 mm); 29. Helochares pallens (MacLeay, 1825) (Fam. Hydrophilidae, 3.1 mm);30. Hydrophilus cavisternum Bedel, 1891 (Fam. Hydrophilidae, 32.0 mm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13244914" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13244914/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF398BF8F0BC164FB9" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF398BF8F0BD754FFD" blockId="26.[136,776,1911,1992]" box="[136,619,1911,1932]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF398BF8F0BD794FFD" ID-CoL="6YX6Y" authority="Schwarz & Barber, 1917: 133" authorityName="Schwarz & Barber" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="1917" box="[136,615,1911,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Spercheidae" genus="Spercheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stangli">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF398BF8F0BE264FFD" box="[136,312,1911,1932]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Spercheus Stangli</emphasis>
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Schwarz & Barber, 1917: 133
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF398BF812BC164FB9" blockId="26.[136,776,1911,1992]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6F118FA735FFBF398BF812BC164FB9" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF398BF812BEE64FDB" ID-CoL="6YX6Y" authority="Schwarz & Barber" authorityName="Schwarz & Barber" authorityYear="1917" box="[136,504,1941,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Spercheidae" genus="Spercheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stangli">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF398BF812BE294FDB" box="[136,311,1941,1962]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Spercheus stangli</emphasis>
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Schwarz & Barber
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</taxonomicName>
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- D’Orchymont, 1919: 70;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10B0A735FFBF39ADF834BE784FB9" author="Hebauer, F" box="[174,358,1971,1992]" page="22" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B50A735FFBF39ADF834BE784FB9" author="Hebauer, F" box="[174,358,1971,1992]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" pagination="9 - 42" refId="ref37646" refString="Hebauer, F., 1997. Revision der Arten der Familie Spercheidae Erichson, 1837 (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea). Entomologische Blatter fur Biologie und Systematik fur Kafer, 93 (1): 9 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Hebauer, 1997: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADE10B0A735FFBF3873F834BD004FB9" author="Hansen, M" box="[368,542,1971,1992]" page="67" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" year="1999">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B50A735FFBF3873F834BD004FB9" author="Hansen, M" box="[368,542,1971,1992]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" refId="ref37518" refString="Hansen, M., 1999. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects Volume 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">Hansen, 1999: 67</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, and references therein.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF398BF877BFD04030" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF398BF877BFD04030" blockId="26.[136,775,2031,2113]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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||
<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF398BF877BE7F4074" bold="true" box="[136,353,2032,2053]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Material examined. –</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D79FD28A735FFBF386BF877BEFF4074" box="[360,481,2032,2053]" count="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
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-
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF38F4F868BD9D4075" bold="true" box="[503,643,2031,2052]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Other areas -</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B173CFCA735FFBF3B88F877BFD44030" collectingDate="1990-10-12" collectionCode="ZRC" collectorName="Kranji & Neo Tiew Road & C. M. Yang" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" specimenCount="2">
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||
<specimenCount id="9D79FD28A735FFBF3B88F877BDA34074" box="[651,701,2032,2053]" count="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="generic">2 ex.</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectorName id="268A5377A735FFBF3BCBF877BC184074" box="[712,774,2032,2053]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Kranji</collectorName>
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fish pond near
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<collectorName id="268A5377A735FFBF3821F789BEDA4052" box="[290,452,2062,2083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Neo Tiew Road</collectorName>
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,
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<date id="FFC11061A735FFBF38D2F789BD504052" box="[465,590,2062,2083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" value="1990-10-12">
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<collectingDate id="EF85E989A735FFBF38D2F789BD504052" box="[465,590,2062,2083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" value="1990-10-12">12 Oct.1990</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="268A5377A735FFBF3B8CF789BC194052" box="[655,775,2062,2083]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">C. M. Yang</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED6EAE64A735FFBF398CF7ABBFDD4030" box="[143,195,2092,2113]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">ZRC</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF3A40FF47BBC94964" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3A40FF47BBC94964" blockId="26.[835,1474,191,277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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||
<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF3A40FF47BCF348A6" bold="true" box="[835,1005,191,216]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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||
<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF3A40FF47BCD348A9" bold="true" box="[835,973,192,216]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Distribution</emphasis>
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. –
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</emphasis>
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Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines [Luzon] (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B50A735FFBF3D2CFF58BBC94887" author="Hebauer, F" box="[1071,1239,223,246]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" pagination="9 - 42" refId="ref37646" refString="Hebauer, F., 1997. Revision der Arten der Familie Spercheidae Erichson, 1837 (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea). Entomologische Blatter fur Biologie und Systematik fur Kafer, 93 (1): 9 - 42." type="journal article" year="1997">Hebauer, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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). First record for the Malaysian Peninsula and
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF3D5AFF7ABBC94964" bold="true" box="[1113,1239,253,277]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<collectingCountry id="F3687631A735FFBF3D5AFF7ABBCC4964" box="[1113,1234,253,277]" name="Singapore" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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!
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C365652AA735FFBF3A40FEBCBBF54D56" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3A40FEBCBCD449FE" blockId="26.[835,1474,315,399]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF3A40FEBCBCA54922" bold="true" box="[835,955,315,339]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Ecology. –</emphasis>
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A lentic species which occurs in shallow and exposed swamps and ponds, rich in aquatic vegetation and plant debris.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3ADDFE53BA39499A" blockId="26.[990,1319,468,491]" box="[990,1319,468,491]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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FAMILY
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3D4FFE53BA39499A" box="[1100,1319,468,491]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">HYDROPHILIDAE</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3A40FD96BB7D4CFF" blockId="26.[835,1475,529,1166]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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This rather large family comprises about 2400 described species. Around 400 species in 60 genera are reported from the
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<collectingRegion id="49BBF843A735FFBF3A70FDC8BCCD4A17" box="[883,979,591,614]" country="Egypt" name="Ash Sharqiyah" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Oriental</collectingRegion>
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realm (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B50A735FFBF3D35FDC8BBFC4A17" author="Hansen, M" box="[1078,1250,591,614]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" refId="ref37518" refString="Hansen, M., 1999. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects Volume 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">Hansen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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). Adult and larval hydrophilids have very different habits; the former are phytophagous or saprophagous, while the latter are predacious. Most members of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3C2DFD2CBADC4AB3" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1326,1474,683,706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sphaeridiinae">Sphaeridiinae</taxonomicName>
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are strictly terrestrial (except for the aquatic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3A40FD6FBCD84A8E" box="[835,966,744,767]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Coelostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B90BEAB3A735FFBF3A40FD6FBCD84A8E" box="[835,966,744,767]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">Coelostoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), living in decaying vegetable matter, dung, carrion, damp soil and ant or termite nests (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B50A735FFBF3C1FFC80BAA94B6F" author="Hansen, M" box="[1308,1463,775,798]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" refId="ref37518" refString="Hansen, M., 1999. Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects Volume 2. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark, 416 pp." type="book" year="1999">Hansen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Like the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3A9DFCA2BB0F4B4D" box="[926,1041,805,828]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dytiscidae</taxonomicName>
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, the aquatic hydrophilids inhabit all kinds of freshwater habitats. Most of the aquatic species are oval to globose, smooth and glabrous, often resembling
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3C4FFCE4BAA04B0B" box="[1356,1470,867,890]" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dytiscidae</taxonomicName>
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, from which they differ in having short and clubbed antennae and long maxillary palps. A ventral plastron, which communicates with a small subelytral air reservoir, is also present. When the beetle rises to the surface, it breaks the surface film using its specialised antennal club, allowing communication between atmosphere and plastron (Lawrence & Britton, 1991). The plastron is held by a fine, golden setation, or hydrofuge pubescence, which covers the major part of the beetle’s venter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3AC7FB54BA5F4C9B" blockId="26.[964,1345,1235,1258]" box="[964,1345,1235,1258]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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SUBFAMILY
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3D65FB54BA5F4C9B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1126,1345,1235,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hydrophilinae">HYDROPHILINAE</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC036A1A735FFBF3D19FA97BBF54D56" blockId="26.[1050,1259,1296,1319]" box="[1050,1259,1296,1319]" pageId="26" pageNumber="123">
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TRIBE
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D22A735FFBF3D6CFA97BBF54D56" box="[1135,1259,1296,1319]" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="123" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Berosini">BEROSINI</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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||
</document> |