treatments-xml/data/03/D6/87/03D687AD656C64713ECEF952397D9CDF.xml
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<mods:title id="47FC8962ABFACD0E575997B7BF045FBF">Sea snakes (Serpentes: subfamilies Hydrophiinae and Laticaudinae) in Vietnam: a comprehensive checklist and an updated identification key</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03D687AD656C64713ECEF952397D9CDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6195308" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119409580" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6195308" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D687AD656C64713ECEF952397D9CDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D687AD656C64713ECEF952397D9CDF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D38656C64763ECEF9523B0D9AD4" authority="Gray" authorityName="Gray" box="[151,353,1762,1788]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763ECEF9523B0D9AD4" bold="true" box="[151,353,1762,1788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763ECEF9523B759AD4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Enhydrina</emphasis>
Gray
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<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763ECEF8993B929B6A" bold="true" box="[151,510,1833,1858]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C7F4D38656C64763ECEF8993B959B6A" authority="Daudin" authorityName="Daudin" box="[151,505,1833,1858]" class="Squamata" family="Elapidae" genus="Enhydrina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schistosa">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763ECEF8993BEE9B6A" bold="true" box="[151,386,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Enhydrina schistosa</emphasis>
(Daudin)
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:
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763C54F89938F69B69" author="Smith" box="[525,666,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Smith, M. A. (1920) On sea snakes from the coasts of the Malay Peninsula, Siam and Cochin-China. Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums. Kuala Lumpur, 10, 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1920">Smith, 1920</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763CFCF89A392F9B69" author="Bourret" box="[677,835,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Bourret, R. (1934) Les serpents marine de l'Indochine Francaise. Institut Oceanographique de l'Indochine, Hanoi, Note 25, 1 - 69." type="journal article" year="1934">Bourret, 1934</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763D16F89939E69B69" author="Bourret" box="[847,906,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Bourret, R. (1936) Les serpents de l'Indochine. Catalogue systematique descriptif, ll, 338 - 381." type="book chapter" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763DCCF8993E559B69" author="Shuntov" box="[917,1081,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Shuntov, V. P. (1962) Sea snakes (Hydrophiidae) of the Gulf of Tonkin (Northern Viet-Nam). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 41, 1203 - 1209." type="journal article" year="1962">Shuntov, 1962</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763A1CF8993E9C9B69" author="Pickwell" box="[1093,1264,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Pickwell, G. V. (1972) Sea snakes of Viet Nam and Southeast Asia. Handbook of dangerous animals for field personnel. Undersea surveillance and ocean sciences department, Naval undersea center, San Diego, 5 - 25 pp." type="book chapter" year="1972">Pickwell, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763AA5F8993FFB9B69" author="Minton" box="[1276,1431,1833,1857]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Minton, S. A. (1975) Geographic distribution of sea snakes. In: Dunson, W. A. (Ed.) The Biology of Sea Snakes. London &amp; tokyo Baltimore, pp. 21 - 31." type="book chapter" year="1975">Minton, 1975</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763ECEF8FD3BCA9B4D" author="Harding" box="[151,422,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Harding, K. A. &amp; Welch, K. R. G. (1980) Venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1 - 188 pp." type="book chapter" year="1980">Harding &amp; Welch, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763FEBF8FE38C79B4D" author="Tran" box="[434,683,1869,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tran, K. &amp; Nguyen, Q. T. (1980) Cac loai ran doc Viet Nam. Science &amp; Technology Publ. House, Hanoi, pp." type="book" year="1980">Tran &amp; Nguyên, 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763CEEF8FD39309B4D" author="Kharin" box="[695,860,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kharin, V. E. (1984 b) Three species of sea snakes first discovered in Vietnamese waters with a comment on a rare form Praescutata viperina. Biologiya Morya. Vladivostok, 2, 26 - 30." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Kharin, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763D3EF8FD3E4F9B4D" author="Gasperetti" box="[871,1059,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Gasperetti, J. (1988) Sea snakes. In: Buttiker, W. &amp; Krupp, F. (Eds.) Fauna of Saudi Arabia. NCWCD Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, pp. 169 - 450." type="book chapter" year="1988">Gasperetti, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763A76F8FD3ED39B4D" author="Welch" box="[1071,1215,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Welch, K. R. G. (1988) Snakes of the Orient: a checklist. Robert E. Krieger Publ. Co., Malabar, Pages i-vii + 1 - 183." type="book chapter" year="1988">Welch, 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763A92F8FD3FFB9B4D" author="Golay" box="[1227,1431,1869,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Golay, P., Smith, H. M., Broadley, D. G., Dixon, J. R., McCarthy, C., Rage, J. C., Schatti, B. &amp; Toriba, M. (1993) Endoglyphs and other major venomous snakes of the world. A checklist. Herpetological Data Centre, Azemiops, Switzerland, pp." type="book" year="1993">
Golay
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763B4FF8FE3F229B4D" box="[1302,1358,1869,1893]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763ECEF8C23BFC9BA1" author="Tran" box="[151,400,1905,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Tran, K. &amp; Nguyen, Q. T. (1995) Cac loai ran doc Viet Nam Science &amp; Technology Publ. House, Hanoi, 1 - 204 pp." type="book chapter" year="1995">Tran &amp; Nguyên, 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763FC5F8C238EF9BA1" author="Nguyen" box="[412,643,1905,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nguyen, V. S. &amp; Ho, T. C. (1996) Danh luc bo sat va ech Nhai Viet Nam Science &amp; Technology Publ. House, Hanoi, - Pp. 1 - 264" type="book chapter" year="1996">Nguyên &amp; Hó, 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763CD6F8C2391D9BA1" author="Nguyen" box="[655,881,1905,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nguyen, V. S., Ho, T. C. &amp; Nguyen, Q. T. (2005) A checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Vietnam. Nha Xuat Ban Nong Nghiep, Hanoi, 1 - 180 pp." type="book chapter" year="2005">
Nguyên
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763CB6F8C2394B9BA1" box="[751,807,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763D22F8C13E7E9BA1" author="Kharin" box="[891,1042,1905,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Kharin, V. E. (2006) An annotated checklist of sea snakes of Vietnam, with notes on a new record of the yellow-lipped sea krait, Laticauda colubrina (Schneider, 1799) (Laticaudidae, Hydrophiidae). Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 32, 223 - 228." type="journal article" year="2006">Kharin, 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656C64763A47F8C23F6D9BA1" author="Nguyen" box="[1054,1281,1905,1930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Nguyen, V. S., Ho, T. C. &amp; Nguyen, Q. T. (2009) Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 768 pp." type="book" year="2009">
Nguyên
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763A27F8C23EDA9BA1" box="[1150,1206,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
, 2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC036BB656C64713E9EF825397D9CDF" blockId="3.[151,1436,1833,2038]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763E9EF8253BBA9B85" bold="true" box="[199,470,1941,1966]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnostic characters:</emphasis>
Mental narrow, elongated and hidden in a groove. Scale rows around neck 4055; scale rows around body 4966; ventrals small but distinct, sometimes missing in the most anterior part of body, 239322. Maxillary teeth behind fangs 34.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656C64763CC1F86D395E9BDE" bold="true" box="[664,818,2013,2038]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Colouration:</emphasis>
Body grey or bluish-grey above, whitish-grey below, with dark or black bands, which usually disappear with age.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656B64713D09FF2739E59C98" bold="true" box="[848,905,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Size:</emphasis>
<quantity id="4C879B5E656B64713DCBFF2739869C87" box="[914,1002,151,175]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="140.0">140 cm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656B64713DAEFF273E819C98" bold="true" box="[1015,1261,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">General distribution</emphasis>
: Arabian Gulf,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B656B64713ECEFF0C3AB89CFC" box="[151,212,188,212]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B656B64713E86FF0C3B3C9CFC" box="[223,336,188,212]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, Indo-Malayan Archipelago, South
<collectingCountry id="F368762B656B64713CBAFF0C394A9CFC" box="[739,806,188,212]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
Sea,
<collectingCountry id="F368762B656B64713D3DFF0C39BD9CFC" box="[868,977,188,212]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
and the Australian region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEE4B4A656B64713B5DFF0C3B6F9CDF" author="David" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="David, P. &amp; Ineich, I. (1999) Les Serpents venimeux du monde: systematique et repartition. Dumerilia (Paris), 3, 3 - 499." type="journal article" year="1999">David &amp; Ineich, 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B90BEAA9656B64713F4FFF503BE19CD0" bold="true" box="[278,397,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks:</emphasis>
Aggressive and highly venomous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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