1079 lines
146 KiB
XML
1079 lines
146 KiB
XML
<document id="2092EF3C38BFA25882B2942CC851974F" ID-DOI="10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113454" ID-ISSN="1873-3700" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160599" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1689691978000" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Clancy, Mary V., Mamin, Marine, Flückiger, Galien, Quijano-Medina, Teresa, P, Biiniza, erez-Nino ˜, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Turlings, Ted C. J. & Bustos-Segura, Carlos" docDate="2023" docId="03BAFA686E72FF90FCA5FDB7FD2C4CF3" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytochemistry.205.113454.pdf" docOrigin="Phytochemistry (113454) 205" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113454" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3.3:Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F36D69FC8B198FBE91029DF9C24697D3" docStyleName="Phytochemistry.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gossypium hirsutum subsp. populations Cav." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF8382106E73FF97FF97FFE3FFA24C30" masterDocTitle="Terpene chemotypes in Gossypium hirsutum (wild cotton) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="113454" masterPageNumber="113454" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1689858033220" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="70C78207C6A9BEEEC3A3EFBDC688EE9C">Terpene chemotypes in Gossypium hirsutum (wild cotton) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0EC3820F5C2E8E5216C02619D35D5B81">Clancy, Mary V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F40F9E2DE68A98ACA355340F95700545">, Marine Mamin &, Galien Flückiger &, Teresa Quijano-Medina & *, Carlos Bustos-Segura & University of Neuchˆatel, Institute of Biology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH- 2000, Neuchˆatel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F49FDC9BC383398EF02090FFB24EF8F2">Mamin, Marine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F12EE65CB5B32FBE4F3D56F846AC6138">Flückiger, Galien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="64992812574B972F8C2E1F4A4FB50B1D">erez-Nino ˜</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A42CF8D7B7D314D5C736F51BEEC1477E">Phytochemistry</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B9AA34765A26C6876F879EC1B08CF02F">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BAFA686E72FF90FCA5FDB7FD2C4CF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAFA686E72FF90FCA5FDB7FD2C4CF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BAFA686E72FF90FCA5FDB7FD2C4CF3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C30918F56E72FF96FCA5FDB7FA624E56" box="[818,1472,595,615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<heading id="D0E4FC126E72FF96FCA5FDB7FA624E56" bold="true" box="[818,1472,595,615]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FCA5FDB7FA624E56" bold="true" box="[818,1472,595,615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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2.1. Terpene chemistry and chemotyping of wild
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<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E72FF96FB7DFDB7FAF14E56" ID-CoL="3H4C5" ID-ENA="3635" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[1258,1363,595,615]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">G. hirsutum</taxonomicName>
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populations
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<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E72FF96FCC6FD6FFCD449D3" blockId="1.[818,1491,652,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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A correlation analysis (
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<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FBBAFD6FFBC04EAF" box="[1069,1122,652,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,148,988]" captionTargetId="graphics-604@3.[340,1029,148,837]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Correlation analysis of all mono- and sesquiterpenes analysed in the wild Gossypium hirsutum plants. Red rectangles indicate highly supported groups of monoterpenes (approximately unbiased (AU) p <0.05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160603/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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) performed on the relative abundance of mono- and sesquiterpenes in the leaf solvent extracts revealed two distinct highly supported (approximately unbiased (AU) p
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<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FA16FD27FA334EE7" box="[1409,1425,708,727]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2"><</emphasis>
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0.05) groups of monoterpenes. One group comprised the monoterpenes γ- terpinene, limonene, α- thujene, α- terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene (the “γ- terpinene group”, designated chemotype class A), while the other consisted of the pinene-type compounds α- and β- pinene (the “α- pinene group”, designated chemotype class B). The sesquiterpene compounds α- humulene and β- caryophyllene were also strongly intercorrelated. These strong correlations suggest a shared or highly linked biosynthesis. A theorised pathway of the synthesis of these compounds highlights their shared biochemical precursors (Degenhardt et al., 2009,
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<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FCA5FC39FCC44FDD" box="[818,870,986,1005]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[100,130,1621,1638]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,148,1593]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 3. Theorised monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Compounds highlighted in blue comprise the γ-terpinene compound group, those highlighted in grey comprise the α-pinene compound group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160605/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Taking the relative abundance of only monoterpenes, a negative relationship was observed between the proportions of γ- terpinene and α- pinene groups with two clusters of plants identified (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FAABFBF1FADD4815" box="[1340,1407,1042,1061]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,705,722]" captionTargetBox="[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetId="graphics-208@5.[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Monoterpene composition of the two proposed cotton chemotypes. (a) Scatterplot of the relative abundance of the pinene group (α-Pinene + β-Pinene) against the relative abundance of the summed values of the γ-Terpinene group. (b) Representative chromatograms of plants belonging to chemotype classes A (upper panel) and B (lower panel). 1: (E)-2-Hexenal; 2: 2,4-Hexadienal (E,E); 3: α-Thujene; 4: α-Pinene; 5: Camphene; 6: Sabinene; 7: β-Pinene; 8: β-Myrcene; 9: α-Phellandrene; 10: α-Terpinene; 11: p-Cymene; 12: Limonene; 13: β-Phellandrene; 14: β-Ocimene; 15: γ-Terpinene; 16: Terpinolene; 17: Bornyl acetate; 18: γ-Elemene; 19: β-Caryophyllene; 20: α-Humulene; 21: Bicyclogermacrene. (c) visualisation of proportion of monoterpene compounds from panel (b), for each chemotype class." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160607/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4a</figureCitation>
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). Representative chromatograms from plants belonging to chemotype classes A and B respectively can be seen in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FB07FBA9FB7A486D" box="[1168,1240,1098,1117]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,705,722]" captionTargetBox="[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetId="graphics-208@5.[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Monoterpene composition of the two proposed cotton chemotypes. (a) Scatterplot of the relative abundance of the pinene group (α-Pinene + β-Pinene) against the relative abundance of the summed values of the γ-Terpinene group. (b) Representative chromatograms of plants belonging to chemotype classes A (upper panel) and B (lower panel). 1: (E)-2-Hexenal; 2: 2,4-Hexadienal (E,E); 3: α-Thujene; 4: α-Pinene; 5: Camphene; 6: Sabinene; 7: β-Pinene; 8: β-Myrcene; 9: α-Phellandrene; 10: α-Terpinene; 11: p-Cymene; 12: Limonene; 13: β-Phellandrene; 14: β-Ocimene; 15: γ-Terpinene; 16: Terpinolene; 17: Bornyl acetate; 18: γ-Elemene; 19: β-Caryophyllene; 20: α-Humulene; 21: Bicyclogermacrene. (c) visualisation of proportion of monoterpene compounds from panel (b), for each chemotype class." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160607/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4b</figureCitation>
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||
. Chemotype class A was composed of plants where the γ- terpinene group compounds made up 4% or more of the total monoterpene concentration; chemotype class B comprised plants where the γ- terpinene group compounds made up less than 4% of total monoterpenes (
|
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<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FBF8FB5AFB1148FD" box="[1135,1203,1209,1229]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,705,722]" captionTargetBox="[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetId="graphics-208@5.[106,1481,148,678]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 4. Monoterpene composition of the two proposed cotton chemotypes. (a) Scatterplot of the relative abundance of the pinene group (α-Pinene + β-Pinene) against the relative abundance of the summed values of the γ-Terpinene group. (b) Representative chromatograms of plants belonging to chemotype classes A (upper panel) and B (lower panel). 1: (E)-2-Hexenal; 2: 2,4-Hexadienal (E,E); 3: α-Thujene; 4: α-Pinene; 5: Camphene; 6: Sabinene; 7: β-Pinene; 8: β-Myrcene; 9: α-Phellandrene; 10: α-Terpinene; 11: p-Cymene; 12: Limonene; 13: β-Phellandrene; 14: β-Ocimene; 15: γ-Terpinene; 16: Terpinolene; 17: Bornyl acetate; 18: γ-Elemene; 19: β-Caryophyllene; 20: α-Humulene; 21: Bicyclogermacrene. (c) visualisation of proportion of monoterpene compounds from panel (b), for each chemotype class." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160607/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
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||
). The major difference is the strong reduction or absence of the γ- terpinene cassette of monoterpenes in chemotype class B. In a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on relative abundances of monoterpenes, with samples separating based on their compositional similarity (using a Euclidean dissimilarity matrix), the chemotype classes separated along the first axis (
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||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E72FF96FAD3FAA6FADC4968" box="[1348,1406,1349,1368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[100,130,1559,1576]" captionTargetBox="[106,764,881,1531]" captionTargetId="graphics-1313@5.[164,763,886,1484]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 5. Principal coordinate analysis on relative abundance of monoterpenes in plants grown from seed, showing samples separated based on their compositional similarity." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160614/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), which explained ca. 65% of the variation. Plants belonging to chemotype class B group together, while plants in class A are spread along the first axis. Around 42% of overall variance in the monoterpene profiles of the plants was explained by chemotype class (adonis: R2 = 0.419, p = 0.001).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E72FF96FCC6FA0EFBE94B02" blockId="1.[818,1491,652,1982]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Most modern varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E72FF96FBDFFA0FFB1149CF" box="[1096,1203,1516,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
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<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FBDFFA0FFB1149CF" bold="true" box="[1096,1203,1516,1535]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
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produce and store a range of mono- and sesquiterpenes, including α- and β- pinene, limonene, camphene, β- myrcene, α- humulene, and β- caryophyllene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FAC9F9C7FCC04A63" author="Elzen" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Elzen" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1079 - 1082" refId="ref8321" refString="Elzen, G. W., Williams, H. J., Bell, A. A., Stipanovic, R. D., Vinson, S. B., 1985. Quantification of volatile terpenes of glanded and glandless Gossypium hirsutum L. cultivars and lines by gas chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33, 1079 - 1082. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / jf 00066 a 015." type="journal article" year="1985">Elzen et al., 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FCE7F9A3FB954A63" author="Minyard" box="[880,1079,1600,1619]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Minyard" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="599 - 602" refId="ref9909" refString="Minyard, J. P., Tumlinson, J. H., Hedin, P. A., Thompson, A. C., 1965. Isolation and identification, constituents of cotton bud terpene hydrocarbons. J. Agric. Food Chem. 13, 599 - 602." type="journal article" year="1965">Minyard et al., 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FBD1F9A3FB4F4A63" author="Yang, C. - Q. & Wu, X. - M. & Ruan, J. - X. & Hu, W. - L. & Mao, Y. - B. & Chen, X. - Y. & Wang, L. - J." box="[1094,1261,1600,1619]" journalOrPublisher="Phytochemistry" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="46 - 56" part="96" refId="ref11220" refString="Yang, C. - Q., Wu, X. - M., Ruan, J. - X., Hu, W. - L., Mao, Y. - B., Chen, X. - Y., Wang, L. - J., 2013. Isolation and characterization of terpene synthases in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phytochemistry 96, 46 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. phytochem. 2013.09.009." title="Isolation and characterization of terpene synthases in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)" type="journal article" year="2013">Yang et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
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), and plants producing significant amounts of γ- terpinene are rare. Only one naturalised
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<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E72FF96FA1AF9BFFCF34ABB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" rank="variety" variety="has">variety has</taxonomicName>
|
||
been reported to emit γ- terpinene in large quantities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FAD4F99BFCC04A97" author="Loughrin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Loughrin" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1217 - 1227" refId="ref9575" refString="Loughrin, J. H., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R., Tumlinson, J. H., 1995. Volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae. J. Chem. Ecol. 21, 1217 - 1227." type="journal article" year="1995">Loughrin et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although modern cultivated varieties came from diverse landraces, this could indicate that the main sources for domestication events of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E72FF96FCDAF928FC1B4AEE" box="[845,953,1739,1758]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FCDAF928FC1B4AEE" bold="true" box="[845,953,1739,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were obtained from B chemotype wild plants, or that perhaps the artificial selection throughout the domestication process selected against chemotype A plants due to pleiotropic interactions or linkage with traits of interest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E72FF94FCC6F8D8FE7949BF" blockId="1.[818,1491,652,1982]" lastBlockId="3.[100,770,1124,1423]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
The large diversity of terpenoid compounds found in plants is due to terpene synthases (TPSs), which are a diverse family of enzymes that catalyse terpenoid compounds from single substrates (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FAA2F890FC044B92" author="Karunanithi and Zerbe" firstAuthor="Karunanithi" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refId="ref9413" refString="Karunanithi, P. S., Zerbe, P., 2019. Terpene synthases as metabolic gatekeepers in the evolution of plant terpenoid chemical diversity. Front. Plant Sci. 10." type="book" year="2019">Karunanithi and Zerbe, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The genes
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FBB1F86DFBCD4B91" bold="true" box="[1062,1135,1934,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">GhTPS1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FB33F86DFB4E4B91" bold="true" box="[1188,1260,1934,1953]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">GhTPS2</emphasis>
|
||
, identified and characterised in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E72FF96FC03F848FBE84B8D" box="[916,1098,1962,1982]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E72FF96FC03F848FBE84B8D" bold="true" box="[916,1098,1962,1982]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cultivar CCRI12) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E72FF96FA9CF848FA634B8E" author="Huang" box="[1291,1473,1963,1982]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Huang" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="302 - 308" refId="ref9036" refString="Huang, X., Xiao, Y., Kollner ¨, T. G., Zhang, W., Wu, Junxiang, Wu, Juan, Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., 2013. Identification and characterization of (E) - β- caryophyllene synthase and α / β- pinene synthase potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation in cotton. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 73, 302 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. plaphy. 2013.10.017." type="journal article" year="2013">Huang et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), encode for active TPSs that are expressed in young developing leaves, and may be involved in the production of constitutive terpenoids that are stored in glands. It has been found that GhTPS1 mainly produces the sesquiterpenes β- caryophyllene and humulene at a ratio of ~4:1. GhTPS2 was found to mainly produce the monoterpenes α- pinene and β- pinene, at the ratio of ~6:1. These sets of compounds were highly correlated in our dataset, with β- caryophyllene and humulene being present at a ratio of 3.8:1 (SE =0.013), and α- pinene and β- pinene at a ratio of 5.3:1 (SE = 0.027). The highly similar product ratios between our dataset and those described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FE2EFB62FDDB48A3" author="Huang" box="[441,633,1152,1172]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Huang" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="302 - 308" refId="ref9036" refString="Huang, X., Xiao, Y., Kollner ¨, T. G., Zhang, W., Wu, Junxiang, Wu, Juan, Guo, Y., Zhang, Y., 2013. Identification and characterization of (E) - β- caryophyllene synthase and α / β- pinene synthase potentially involved in constitutive and herbivore-induced terpene formation in cotton. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 73, 302 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. plaphy. 2013.10.017." type="journal article" year="2013">Huang et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, suggests that GhTPS1 and GhTPS2 contribute to the production of these compounds in wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FF0FFB5BFEA748FB" box="[152,261,1208,1227]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FF0FFB5BFEA748FB" bold="true" box="[152,261,1208,1227]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nonetheless, other TPSs may also be involved, as multiple
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FF2EFB37FE8348D7" box="[185,289,1236,1255]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FF2EFB37FE8348D7" bold="true" box="[185,289,1236,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
TPSs have been shown to produce several terpenes at varying levels (including the compounds that comprise the “γ -terpinene group” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FF6CFAEFFE0C492F" author="Huang" box="[251,430,1292,1311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Huang" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="261 - 274" refId="ref9133" refString="Huang, X. - Z., Xiao, Y. - T., K ¨ ollner, T. G., Jing, W. - X., Kou, J. - F., Chen, J. - Y., Liu, D. - F., Gu, S. - H., Wu, J. - X., Zhang, Y. - J., Guo, Y. - Y., 2018. The terpene synthase gene family in Gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase GhTPS 12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores. Plant Cell Environ. 41, 261 - 274. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / pce. 13088." type="journal article" year="2018">Huang et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). Eighty-five TPS genes have been putatively identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FEDCFAC4FE14490A" box="[331,438,1319,1338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FEDCFAC4FE14490A" bold="true" box="[331,438,1319,1338]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to date (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FD83FAC4FD65490B" author="Zhang, C. - P. & Zhang, J. - L. & Sun, Z. - R. & Liu, X. - Y. & Shu, L. - Z. & Wu, H. & Song, Y. & He, D. - H." box="[532,711,1319,1339]" journalOrPublisher="Gene" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="146462" part="828" refId="ref11402" refString="Zhang, C. - P., Zhang, J. - L., Sun, Z. - R., Liu, X. - Y., Shu, L. - Z., Wu, H., Song, Y., He, D. - H., 2022. Genome-wide identification and characterization of terpene synthase genes in Gossypium hirsutum. Gene 828, 146462. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gene. 2022.146462." title="Genome-wide identification and characterization of terpene synthase genes in Gossypium hirsutum" type="journal article" year="2022">Zhang et al., 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Our results suggest that one or more enzymes present or overexpressed in plants of chemotype A are multifunctional TPSs that synthesise the monoterpenes of the γ- terpinene group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E71FF95FF5AFD55FACA4EF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160601" box="[205,1384,694,711]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160601/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[205,235,694,711]" targetBox="[340,1248,149,665]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E71FF95FF5AFD55FACA4EF7" blockId="2.[205,1384,694,711]" box="[205,1384,694,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E71FF95FF5AFD55FEA44EF7" bold="true" box="[205,262,694,711]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing locations of the wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E71FF95FDA9FD55FD434EF7" box="[574,737,694,711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E71FF95FDA9FD55FD434EF7" bold="true" box="[574,737,694,711]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations from which seeds were collected along the Yucatan Peninsula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E71FF95FFF3FCE7FE324F78" ID-Table-UUID="DF6C1BF66E71FF95FFF3FCE7FE324F78" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6C1BF66E71FF95FFF3FCE7FE324F78" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[100,150,772,788]" targetBox="[116,1439,860,1802]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E71FF95FFF3FCE7FF054F25" blockId="2.[100,1487,772,840]" box="[100,167,772,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E71FF95FFF3FCE7FF054F25" bold="true" box="[100,167,772,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Table 1</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E71FF95FFF3FCFEFE324F78" blockId="2.[100,1487,772,840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Relative abundance of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes used in analyses grouped by geographic zones. Compounds marked with an asterisk were verified by comparison to authentic standards.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E71FF95FE95FCBFFA2D4B3A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<table id="F913B9DE6E710068FFE3FCBFFA3D4B3A" box="[116,1439,860,1802]" gridcols="11" gridrows="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FCBFFA3D4F5A" box="[116,1439,860,874]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FE95FCBFFE354F5A" box="[258,407,860,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Compound</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FE22FCBFFE794F5A" box="[437,475,860,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">RI</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FE6EFCBFFD194F5A" box="[505,699,860,874]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Celestún (Far West)</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FD67FCBFFCED4F5A" box="[752,847,860,874]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sisal (West)</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FC70FCBFFB0A4F5A" box="[999,1192,860,874]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Chicxulub (Centre)</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FB4AFCBFFAFB4F5A" box="[1245,1369,860,874]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Coloradas (East)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FC9DFA3D4FBD" box="[116,1439,894,909]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFC9DFDFA4FBD" box="[505,600,894,909]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Composition</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FC9DFD194FBD" box="[659,699,894,909]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(N =</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FC9DFCED4FBD" box="[752,847,894,909]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Composition</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFC9DFC104FBD" box="[906,946,894,909]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(N =</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FC9DFBE44FBD" box="[999,1094,894,909]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Composition</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FC9DFB0A4FBD" box="[1153,1192,894,909]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(N =</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFC9DFAFB4FBD" box="[1245,1369,894,909]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Composition</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FC9DFA3D4FBD" box="[1399,1439,894,909]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(N =</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FC75FA3D4F94" box="[116,1439,918,932]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFC75FDFA4F94" box="[505,600,918,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FC75FD194F94" box="[659,699,918,932]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">86)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FC75FCED4F94" box="[752,847,918,932]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFC75FC104F94" box="[906,946,918,932]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">71)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FC75FBE44F94" box="[999,1094,918,932]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FC75FB0A4F94" box="[1153,1192,918,932]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">80)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFC75FAFB4F94" box="[1245,1369,918,932]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">(%)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FC75FA3D4F94" box="[1399,1439,918,932]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">116)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FC5AFA3D4FF7" box="[116,1439,953,967]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFC5AFDFA4FF7" box="[505,600,953,967]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FC5AFD194FF7" box="[659,699,953,967]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SE</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FC5AFCED4FF7" box="[752,847,953,967]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFC5AFC104FF7" box="[906,946,953,967]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SE</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FC5AFBE44FF7" box="[999,1094,953,967]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FC5AFB0A4FF7" box="[1153,1192,953,967]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SE</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFC5AFAFB4FF7" box="[1245,1369,953,967]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Mean</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FC5AFA3D4FF7" box="[1399,1439,953,967]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SE</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FC38FA3D4FDC" box="[116,1439,987,1004]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FFE3FC38FF414FDC" box="[116,227,987,1004]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Monoterpenes</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FC38FE354FDC" box="[258,407,987,1004]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Thujene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FC38FE794FDC" box="[437,475,987,1004]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">929</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFC38FDFA4FDC" box="[505,600,987,1004]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FC38FD194FDC" box="[659,699,987,1004]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FC38FCED4FDC" box="[752,847,987,1004]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFC38FC104FDC" box="[906,946,987,1004]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FC38FBE44FDC" box="[999,1094,987,1004]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FC38FB0A4FDC" box="[1153,1192,987,1004]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFC38FAFB4FDC" box="[1245,1369,987,1004]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FC38FA3D4FDC" box="[1399,1439,987,1004]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FC11FA3D4833" box="[116,1439,1010,1027]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FC11FE354833" box="[258,407,1010,1027]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Pinene*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FC11FE794833" box="[437,475,1010,1027]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">938</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFC11FDFA4833" box="[505,600,1010,1027]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">26.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FC11FD194833" box="[659,699,1010,1027]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FC11FCED4833" box="[752,847,1010,1027]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFC11FC104833" box="[906,946,1010,1027]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FC11FBE44833" box="[999,1094,1010,1027]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">24.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FC11FB0A4833" box="[1153,1192,1010,1027]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFC11FAFB4833" box="[1245,1369,1010,1027]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FC11FA3D4833" box="[1399,1439,1010,1027]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FBE9FA3D4828" box="[116,1439,1034,1048]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FBE9FE354828" box="[258,407,1034,1048]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Camphene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FBE9FE794828" box="[437,475,1034,1048]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">955</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFBE9FDFA4828" box="[505,600,1034,1048]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FBE9FD194828" box="[659,699,1034,1048]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FBE9FCED4828" box="[752,847,1034,1048]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFBE9FC104828" box="[906,946,1034,1048]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FBE9FBE44828" box="[999,1094,1034,1048]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FBE9FB0A4828" box="[1153,1192,1034,1048]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFBE9FAFB4828" box="[1245,1369,1034,1048]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FBE9FA3D4828" box="[1399,1439,1034,1048]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FBC3FA3D481F" box="[116,1439,1056,1071]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FBC3FE35481F" box="[258,407,1056,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sabinene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FBC3FE79481F" box="[437,475,1056,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">977</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFBC3FDFA481F" box="[505,600,1056,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FBC3FD19481F" box="[659,699,1056,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FBC3FCED481F" box="[752,847,1056,1071]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFBC3FC10481F" box="[906,946,1056,1071]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FBC3FBE4481F" box="[999,1094,1056,1071]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FBC3FB0A481F" box="[1153,1192,1056,1071]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFBC3FAFB481F" box="[1245,1369,1056,1071]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FBC3FA3D481F" box="[1399,1439,1056,1071]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FBD4FA3D4875" box="[116,1439,1079,1093]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FBD4FE354875" box="[258,407,1079,1093]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Pinene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FBD4FE794875" box="[437,475,1079,1093]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">983</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFBD4FDFA4875" box="[505,600,1079,1093]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FBD4FD194875" box="[659,699,1079,1093]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FBD4FCED4875" box="[752,847,1079,1093]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFBD4FC104875" box="[906,946,1079,1093]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FBD4FBE44875" box="[999,1094,1079,1093]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FBD4FB0A4875" box="[1153,1192,1079,1093]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFBD4FAFB4875" box="[1245,1369,1079,1093]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FBD4FA3D4875" box="[1399,1439,1079,1093]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FBADFA3D486C" box="[116,1439,1102,1116]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FBADFE35486C" box="[258,407,1102,1116]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Myrcene*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FBADFE79486C" box="[437,475,1102,1116]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">989</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFBADFDFA486C" box="[505,600,1102,1116]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FBADFD19486C" box="[659,699,1102,1116]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FBADFCED486C" box="[752,847,1102,1116]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFBADFC10486C" box="[906,946,1102,1116]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FBADFBE4486C" box="[999,1094,1102,1116]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">20.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FBADFB0A486C" box="[1153,1192,1102,1116]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFBADFAFB486C" box="[1245,1369,1102,1116]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">18.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FBADFA3D486C" box="[1399,1439,1102,1116]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB87FA3D4845" box="[116,1439,1124,1141]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB87FE354845" box="[258,407,1124,1141]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Phellandrene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB87FE794845" box="[437,475,1124,1141]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1008</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB87FDFA4845" box="[505,600,1124,1141]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB87FD194845" box="[659,699,1124,1141]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB87FCED4845" box="[752,847,1124,1141]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB87FC104845" box="[906,946,1124,1141]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB87FBE44845" box="[999,1094,1124,1141]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB87FB0A4845" box="[1153,1192,1124,1141]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB87FAFB4845" box="[1245,1369,1124,1141]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB87FA3D4845" box="[1399,1439,1124,1141]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB98FA3D48BC" box="[116,1439,1147,1164]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB98FE3548BC" box="[258,407,1147,1164]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Terpinene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB98FE7948BC" box="[437,475,1147,1164]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1020</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB98FDFA48BC" box="[505,600,1147,1164]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB98FD1948BC" box="[659,699,1147,1164]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB98FCED48BC" box="[752,847,1147,1164]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB98FC1048BC" box="[906,946,1147,1164]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB98FBE448BC" box="[999,1094,1147,1164]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB98FB0A48BC" box="[1153,1192,1147,1164]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB98FAFB48BC" box="[1245,1369,1147,1164]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB98FA3D48BC" box="[1399,1439,1147,1164]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB70FA3D4891" box="[116,1439,1171,1185]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB70FE354891" box="[258,407,1171,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">p-Cymene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB70FE794891" box="[437,475,1171,1185]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1028</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB70FDFA4891" box="[505,600,1171,1185]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB70FD194891" box="[659,699,1171,1185]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB70FCED4891" box="[752,847,1171,1185]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB70FC104891" box="[906,946,1171,1185]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB70FBE44891" box="[999,1094,1171,1185]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB70FB0A4891" box="[1153,1192,1171,1185]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB70FAFB4891" box="[1245,1369,1171,1185]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB70FA3D4891" box="[1399,1439,1171,1185]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB49FA3D4888" box="[116,1439,1194,1208]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB49FE354888" box="[258,407,1194,1208]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Limonene*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB49FE794888" box="[437,475,1194,1208]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1033</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB49FDFA4888" box="[505,600,1194,1208]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB49FD194888" box="[659,699,1194,1208]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB49FCED4888" box="[752,847,1194,1208]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB49FC104888" box="[906,946,1194,1208]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB49FBE44888" box="[999,1094,1194,1208]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB49FB0A4888" box="[1153,1192,1194,1208]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB49FAFB4888" box="[1245,1369,1194,1208]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB49FA3D4888" box="[1399,1439,1194,1208]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB23FA3D48FE" box="[116,1439,1216,1230]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB23FE3548FE" box="[258,407,1216,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Phellandrene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB23FE7948FE" box="[437,475,1216,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1035</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB23FDFA48FE" box="[505,600,1216,1230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB23FD1948FE" box="[659,699,1216,1230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB23FCED48FE" box="[752,847,1216,1230]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB23FC1048FE" box="[906,946,1216,1230]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB23FBE448FE" box="[999,1094,1216,1230]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB23FB0A48FE" box="[1153,1192,1216,1230]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB23FAFB48FE" box="[1245,1369,1216,1230]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB23FA3D48FE" box="[1399,1439,1216,1230]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB34FA3D48D5" box="[116,1439,1239,1253]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB34FE3548D5" box="[258,407,1239,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Ocimene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB34FE7948D5" box="[437,475,1239,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1047</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB34FDFA48D5" box="[505,600,1239,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB34FD1948D5" box="[659,699,1239,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB34FCED48D5" box="[752,847,1239,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB34FC1048D5" box="[906,946,1239,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB34FBE448D5" box="[999,1094,1239,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB34FB0A48D5" box="[1153,1192,1239,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB34FAFB48D5" box="[1245,1369,1239,1253]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB34FA3D48D5" box="[1399,1439,1239,1253]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FB0DFA3D48CC" box="[116,1439,1262,1276]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FB0DFE3548CC" box="[258,407,1262,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Isoterpinolene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FB0DFE7948CC" box="[437,475,1262,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1057</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFB0DFDFA48CC" box="[505,600,1262,1276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FB0DFD1948CC" box="[659,699,1262,1276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FB0DFCED48CC" box="[752,847,1262,1276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFB0DFC1048CC" box="[906,946,1262,1276]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FB0DFBE448CC" box="[999,1094,1262,1276]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FB0DFB0A48CC" box="[1153,1192,1262,1276]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFB0DFAFB48CC" box="[1245,1369,1262,1276]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FB0DFA3D48CC" box="[1399,1439,1262,1276]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FAE6FA3D4923" box="[116,1439,1285,1299]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FAE6FE354923" box="[258,407,1285,1299]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">γ- Terpinene*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FAE6FE794923" box="[437,475,1285,1299]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1063</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFAE6FDFA4923" box="[505,600,1285,1299]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FAE6FD194923" box="[659,699,1285,1299]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FAE6FCED4923" box="[752,847,1285,1299]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFAE6FC104923" box="[906,946,1285,1299]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FAE6FBE44923" box="[999,1094,1285,1299]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FAE6FB0A4923" box="[1153,1192,1285,1299]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFAE6FAFB4923" box="[1245,1369,1285,1299]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FAE6FA3D4923" box="[1399,1439,1285,1299]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FAFFFA3D491A" box="[116,1439,1308,1322]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FAFFFE35491A" box="[258,407,1308,1322]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Terpinolene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FAFFFE79491A" box="[437,475,1308,1322]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1090</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFAFFFDFA491A" box="[505,600,1308,1322]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FAFFFD19491A" box="[659,699,1308,1322]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FAFFFCED491A" box="[752,847,1308,1322]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFAFFFC10491A" box="[906,946,1308,1322]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FAFFFBE4491A" box="[999,1094,1308,1322]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FAFFFB0A491A" box="[1153,1192,1308,1322]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFAFFFAFB491A" box="[1245,1369,1308,1322]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FAFFFA3D491A" box="[1399,1439,1308,1322]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FAD1FA3D4971" box="[116,1439,1330,1345]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FAD1FE354971" box="[258,407,1330,1345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Citronellal</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FAD1FE794971" box="[437,475,1330,1345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1155</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFAD1FDFA4971" box="[505,600,1330,1345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FAD1FD194971" box="[659,699,1330,1345]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FAD1FCED4971" box="[752,847,1330,1345]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFAD1FC104971" box="[906,946,1330,1345]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FAD1FBE44971" box="[999,1094,1330,1345]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FAD1FB0A4971" box="[1153,1192,1330,1345]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFAD1FAFB4971" box="[1245,1369,1330,1345]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FAD1FA3D4971" box="[1399,1439,1330,1345]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FAAAFA3D4968" box="[116,1439,1353,1368]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FAAAFE354968" box="[258,407,1353,1368]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bornyl acetate</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FAAAFE794968" box="[437,475,1353,1368]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1288</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFAAAFDFA4968" box="[505,600,1353,1368]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FAAAFD194968" box="[659,699,1353,1368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FAAAFCED4968" box="[752,847,1353,1368]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFAAAFC104968" box="[906,946,1353,1368]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FAAAFBE44968" box="[999,1094,1353,1368]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FAAAFB0A4968" box="[1153,1192,1353,1368]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFAAAFAFB4968" box="[1245,1369,1353,1368]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FAAAFA3D4968" box="[1399,1439,1353,1368]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA83FA3D495F" box="[116,1439,1376,1391]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E710068FFE3FA83FF41495F" box="[116,227,1376,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sesquiterpenes</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA83FE35495F" box="[258,407,1376,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">γ- Elemene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA83FE79495F" box="[437,475,1376,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1347</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA83FDFA495F" box="[505,600,1376,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA83FD19495F" box="[659,699,1376,1391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA83FCED495F" box="[752,847,1376,1391]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA83FC10495F" box="[906,946,1376,1391]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA83FBE4495F" box="[999,1094,1376,1391]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA83FB0A495F" box="[1153,1192,1376,1391]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA83FAFB495F" box="[1245,1369,1376,1391]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA83FA3D495F" box="[1399,1439,1376,1391]" gridcol="10" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA95FA3D49B7" box="[116,1439,1398,1415]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA95FE3549B7" box="[258,407,1398,1415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Cubebene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA95FE7949B7" box="[437,475,1398,1415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1359</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA95FDFA49B7" box="[505,600,1398,1415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA95FD1949B7" box="[659,699,1398,1415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA95FCED49B7" box="[752,847,1398,1415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA95FC1049B7" box="[906,946,1398,1415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA95FBE449B7" box="[999,1094,1398,1415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA95FB0A49B7" box="[1153,1192,1398,1415]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA95FAFB49B7" box="[1245,1369,1398,1415]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA95FA3D49B7" box="[1399,1439,1398,1415]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA6EFA3D49AE" box="[116,1439,1421,1438]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA6EFE3549AE" box="[258,407,1421,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Copaene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA6EFE7949AE" box="[437,475,1421,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1389</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA6EFDFA49AE" box="[505,600,1421,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA6EFD1949AE" box="[659,699,1421,1438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA6EFCED49AE" box="[752,847,1421,1438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA6EFC1049AE" box="[906,946,1421,1438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA6EFBE449AE" box="[999,1094,1421,1438]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA6EFB0A49AE" box="[1153,1192,1421,1438]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA6EFAFB49AE" box="[1245,1369,1421,1438]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA6EFA3D49AE" box="[1399,1439,1421,1438]" gridcol="10" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA46FA3D4983" box="[116,1439,1445,1459]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA46FE354983" box="[258,407,1445,1459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Elemene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA46FE794983" box="[437,475,1445,1459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1401</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA46FDFA4983" box="[505,600,1445,1459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA46FD194983" box="[659,699,1445,1459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA46FCED4983" box="[752,847,1445,1459]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA46FC104983" box="[906,946,1445,1459]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA46FBE44983" box="[999,1094,1445,1459]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA46FB0A4983" box="[1153,1192,1445,1459]" gridcol="8" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA46FAFB4983" box="[1245,1369,1445,1459]" gridcol="9" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA46FA3D4983" box="[1399,1439,1445,1459]" gridcol="10" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA58FA3D49FC" box="[116,1439,1467,1484]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA58FE3549FC" box="[258,407,1467,1484]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">α- Gurjunene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA58FE7949FC" box="[437,475,1467,1484]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1425</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA58FDFA49FC" box="[505,600,1467,1484]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA58FD1949FC" box="[659,699,1467,1484]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA58FCED49FC" box="[752,847,1467,1484]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA58FC1049FC" box="[906,946,1467,1484]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA58FBE449FC" box="[999,1094,1467,1484]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA58FB0A49FC" box="[1153,1192,1467,1484]" gridcol="8" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA58FAFB49FC" box="[1245,1369,1467,1484]" gridcol="9" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA58FA3D49FC" box="[1399,1439,1467,1484]" gridcol="10" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA31FA3D49D1" box="[116,1439,1490,1505]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA31FE3549D1" box="[258,407,1490,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Caryophyllene*</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA31FE7949D1" box="[437,475,1490,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1432</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA31FDFA49D1" box="[505,600,1490,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">23.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA31FD1949D1" box="[659,699,1490,1505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA31FCED49D1" box="[752,847,1490,1505]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA31FC1049D1" box="[906,946,1490,1505]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA31FBE449D1" box="[999,1094,1490,1505]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">19.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA31FB0A49D1" box="[1153,1192,1490,1505]" gridcol="8" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA31FAFB49D1" box="[1245,1369,1490,1505]" gridcol="9" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA31FA3D49D1" box="[1399,1439,1490,1505]" gridcol="10" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3FA0AFA3D49C7" box="[116,1439,1513,1527]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95FA0AFE3549C7" box="[258,407,1513,1527]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Gurjunene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22FA0AFE7949C7" box="[437,475,1513,1527]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1448</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EFA0AFDFA49C7" box="[505,600,1513,1527]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04FA0AFD1949C7" box="[659,699,1513,1527]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67FA0AFCED49C7" box="[752,847,1513,1527]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DFA0AFC1049C7" box="[906,946,1513,1527]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70FA0AFBE449C7" box="[999,1094,1513,1527]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16FA0AFB0A49C7" box="[1153,1192,1513,1527]" gridcol="8" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AFA0AFAFB49C7" box="[1245,1369,1513,1527]" gridcol="9" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0FA0AFA3D49C7" box="[1399,1439,1513,1527]" gridcol="10" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F9E3FA3D4A3E" box="[116,1439,1536,1550]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F9E3FE354A3E" box="[258,407,1536,1550]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Alloaromadendrene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F9E3FE794A3E" box="[437,475,1536,1550]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1453</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF9E3FDFA4A3E" box="[505,600,1536,1550]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F9E3FD194A3E" box="[659,699,1536,1550]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F9E3FCED4A3E" box="[752,847,1536,1550]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF9E3FC104A3E" box="[906,946,1536,1550]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F9E3FBE44A3E" box="[999,1094,1536,1550]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F9E3FB0A4A3E" box="[1153,1192,1536,1550]" gridcol="8" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF9E3FAFB4A3E" box="[1245,1369,1536,1550]" gridcol="9" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F9E3FA3D4A3E" box="[1399,1439,1536,1550]" gridcol="10" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F9F4FA3D4A15" box="[116,1439,1559,1573]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F9F4FE354A15" box="[258,407,1559,1573]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Humulene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F9F4FE794A15" box="[437,475,1559,1573]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1465</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF9F4FDFA4A15" box="[505,600,1559,1573]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F9F4FD194A15" box="[659,699,1559,1573]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F9F4FCED4A15" box="[752,847,1559,1573]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF9F4FC104A15" box="[906,946,1559,1573]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F9F4FBE44A15" box="[999,1094,1559,1573]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F9F4FB0A4A15" box="[1153,1192,1559,1573]" gridcol="8" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF9F4FAFB4A15" box="[1245,1369,1559,1573]" gridcol="9" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F9F4FA3D4A15" box="[1399,1439,1559,1573]" gridcol="10" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F9CDFA3D4A0C" box="[116,1439,1582,1596]" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F9CDFE354A0C" box="[258,407,1582,1596]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Unknown #1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F9CDFE794A0C" box="[437,475,1582,1596]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1473</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF9CDFDFA4A0C" box="[505,600,1582,1596]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F9CDFD194A0C" box="[659,699,1582,1596]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F9CDFCED4A0C" box="[752,847,1582,1596]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF9CDFC104A0C" box="[906,946,1582,1596]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F9CDFBE44A0C" box="[999,1094,1582,1596]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F9CDFB0A4A0C" box="[1153,1192,1582,1596]" gridcol="8" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF9CDFAFB4A0C" box="[1245,1369,1582,1596]" gridcol="9" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F9CDFA3D4A0C" box="[1399,1439,1582,1596]" gridcol="10" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F9A6FA3D4A63" box="[116,1439,1605,1619]" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F9A6FE354A63" box="[258,407,1605,1619]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bicyclogermacrene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F9A6FE794A63" box="[437,475,1605,1619]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1498</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF9A6FDFA4A63" box="[505,600,1605,1619]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F9A6FD194A63" box="[659,699,1605,1619]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F9A6FCED4A63" box="[752,847,1605,1619]" gridcol="5" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF9A6FC104A63" box="[906,946,1605,1619]" gridcol="6" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F9A6FBE44A63" box="[999,1094,1605,1619]" gridcol="7" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F9A6FB0A4A63" box="[1153,1192,1605,1619]" gridcol="8" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF9A6FAFB4A63" box="[1245,1369,1605,1619]" gridcol="9" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F9A6FA3D4A63" box="[1399,1439,1605,1619]" gridcol="10" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F9B8FA3D4A5A" box="[116,1439,1627,1642]" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F9B8FE354A5A" box="[258,407,1627,1642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Acorneol</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F9B8FE794A5A" box="[437,475,1627,1642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1519</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF9B8FDFA4A5A" box="[505,600,1627,1642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F9B8FD194A5A" box="[659,699,1627,1642]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F9B8FCED4A5A" box="[752,847,1627,1642]" gridcol="5" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF9B8FC104A5A" box="[906,946,1627,1642]" gridcol="6" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F9B8FBE44A5A" box="[999,1094,1627,1642]" gridcol="7" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F9B8FB0A4A5A" box="[1153,1192,1627,1642]" gridcol="8" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF9B8FAFB4A5A" box="[1245,1369,1627,1642]" gridcol="9" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F9B8FA3D4A5A" box="[1399,1439,1627,1642]" gridcol="10" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F991FA3D4AB1" box="[116,1439,1650,1665]" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F991FE354AB1" box="[258,407,1650,1665]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">β- Cadinene</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F991FE794AB1" box="[437,475,1650,1665]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1524</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF991FDFA4AB1" box="[505,600,1650,1665]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F991FD194AB1" box="[659,699,1650,1665]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F991FCED4AB1" box="[752,847,1650,1665]" gridcol="5" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF991FC104AB1" box="[906,946,1650,1665]" gridcol="6" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F991FBE44AB1" box="[999,1094,1650,1665]" gridcol="7" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F991FB0A4AB1" box="[1153,1192,1650,1665]" gridcol="8" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF991FAFB4AB1" box="[1245,1369,1650,1665]" gridcol="9" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F991FA3D4AB1" box="[1399,1439,1650,1665]" gridcol="10" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F96AFA3D4AA7" box="[116,1439,1673,1687]" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F96AFE354AA7" box="[258,407,1673,1687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Germacrene D-4-ol</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F96AFE794AA7" box="[437,475,1673,1687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1603</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF96AFDFA4AA7" box="[505,600,1673,1687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F96AFD194AA7" box="[659,699,1673,1687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F96AFCED4AA7" box="[752,847,1673,1687]" gridcol="5" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF96AFC104AA7" box="[906,946,1673,1687]" gridcol="6" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F96AFBE44AA7" box="[999,1094,1673,1687]" gridcol="7" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F96AFB0A4AA7" box="[1153,1192,1673,1687]" gridcol="8" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF96AFAFB4AA7" box="[1245,1369,1673,1687]" gridcol="9" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F96AFA3D4AA7" box="[1399,1439,1673,1687]" gridcol="10" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F943FA3D4A9E" box="[116,1439,1696,1710]" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F943FE354A9E" box="[258,407,1696,1710]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spathulenol</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F943FE794A9E" box="[437,475,1696,1710]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1610</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF943FDFA4A9E" box="[505,600,1696,1710]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F943FD194A9E" box="[659,699,1696,1710]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F943FCED4A9E" box="[752,847,1696,1710]" gridcol="5" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF943FC104A9E" box="[906,946,1696,1710]" gridcol="6" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F943FBE44A9E" box="[999,1094,1696,1710]" gridcol="7" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F943FB0A4A9E" box="[1153,1192,1696,1710]" gridcol="8" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF943FAFB4A9E" box="[1245,1369,1696,1710]" gridcol="9" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F943FA3D4A9E" box="[1399,1439,1696,1710]" gridcol="10" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F954FA3D4AF5" box="[116,1439,1719,1733]" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F954FE354AF5" box="[258,407,1719,1733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Unknown #2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F954FE794AF5" box="[437,475,1719,1733]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1628</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF954FDFA4AF5" box="[505,600,1719,1733]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F954FD194AF5" box="[659,699,1719,1733]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F954FCED4AF5" box="[752,847,1719,1733]" gridcol="5" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF954FC104AF5" box="[906,946,1719,1733]" gridcol="6" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F954FBE44AF5" box="[999,1094,1719,1733]" gridcol="7" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F954FB0A4AF5" box="[1153,1192,1719,1733]" gridcol="8" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF954FAFB4AF5" box="[1245,1369,1719,1733]" gridcol="9" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F954FA3D4AF5" box="[1399,1439,1719,1733]" gridcol="10" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F92DFA3D4AEC" box="[116,1439,1742,1756]" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F92DFE354AEC" box="[258,407,1742,1756]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Unknown #3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F92DFE794AEC" box="[437,475,1742,1756]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1668</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF92DFDFA4AEC" box="[505,600,1742,1756]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F92DFD194AEC" box="[659,699,1742,1756]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F92DFCED4AEC" box="[752,847,1742,1756]" gridcol="5" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.2</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF92DFC104AEC" box="[906,946,1742,1756]" gridcol="6" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F92DFBE44AEC" box="[999,1094,1742,1756]" gridcol="7" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F92DFB0A4AEC" box="[1153,1192,1742,1756]" gridcol="8" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF92DFAFB4AEC" box="[1245,1369,1742,1756]" gridcol="9" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F92DFA3D4AEC" box="[1399,1439,1742,1756]" gridcol="10" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F906FA3D4AC3" box="[116,1439,1765,1779]" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F906FE354AC3" box="[258,407,1765,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Farnesol (E,E)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F906FE794AC3" box="[437,475,1765,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">1749</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF906FDFA4AC3" box="[505,600,1765,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F906FD194AC3" box="[659,699,1765,1779]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F906FCED4AC3" box="[752,847,1765,1779]" gridcol="5" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF906FC104AC3" box="[906,946,1765,1779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F906FBE44AC3" box="[999,1094,1765,1779]" gridcol="7" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F906FB0A4AC3" box="[1153,1192,1765,1779]" gridcol="8" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF906FAFB4AC3" box="[1245,1369,1765,1779]" gridcol="9" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F906FA3D4AC3" box="[1399,1439,1765,1779]" gridcol="10" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E710068FFE3F918FA3D4B3A" box="[116,1439,1787,1802]" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE95F918FE354B3A" box="[258,407,1787,1802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Unknown #4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE22F918FE794B3A" box="[437,475,1787,1802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2033</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FE6EF918FDFA4B3A" box="[505,600,1787,1802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD04F918FD194B3A" box="[659,699,1787,1802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FD67F918FCED4B3A" box="[752,847,1787,1802]" gridcol="5" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC1DF918FC104B3A" box="[906,946,1787,1802]" gridcol="6" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FC70F918FBE44B3A" box="[999,1094,1787,1802]" gridcol="7" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB16F918FB0A4B3A" box="[1153,1192,1787,1802]" gridcol="8" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FB4AF918FAFB4B3A" box="[1245,1369,1787,1802]" gridcol="9" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E710068FAE0F918FA3D4B3A" box="[1399,1439,1787,1802]" gridcol="10" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">0.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E70FF94FFF3FC14FF41480B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160603/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[100,130,1015,1032]" targetBox="[340,1247,148,988]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FFF3FC14FF41480B" blockId="3.[100,1487,1015,1083]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FFF3FC14FF3D4838" bold="true" box="[100,159,1015,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Correlation analysis of all mono- and sesquiterpenes analysed in the wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FCBBFC14FC6D4838" box="[812,975,1015,1032]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FCBBFC14FC6D4838" bold="true" box="[812,975,1015,1032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants. Red rectangles indicate highly supported groups of monoterpenes (approximately unbiased (AU) p
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FE61FBF2FDA74812" box="[502,517,1041,1058]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4"><</emphasis>
|
||
0.05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FFF3FA57FD2A49F6" blockId="3.[100,648,1459,1479]" box="[100,648,1459,1479]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FFF3FA57FD2A49F6" bold="true" box="[100,648,1459,1479]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.2. Association between chemotype and geographic location</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FF13FA0FFE6C4B01" blockId="3.[100,770,1516,1842]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The correlation between geographic location of the sites and chemical distance was not very strong but significantly different from zero (Mantel test, r = 0.165, p = 0.001), indicating that as geographic distance increased, the chemical profiles of the plants became more dissimilar. An association between site location and γ- terpinene content was observed, with more plants in western sites containing low amounts of compounds belonging to the γ- terpinene group, and plants in eastern sites containing higher proportions of γ- terpinene group compounds (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E70FF94FFFBF928FF014AEE" box="[108,163,1739,1758]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[818,848,1505,1522]" captionTargetBox="[825,1481,882,1476]" captionTargetId="figure-2113@5.[823,1484,881,1478]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 6. Ridgeline plot showing the distribution of the summed values of the γ-terpinene compound group (γ-terpinene, limonene, α-thujene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene; as % relative to total monoterpenes in each plant). In order from top to bottom: the plots coloured red (Celestún) and orange (Sisal) are located at the west of the peninsula. The plot coloured yellow (Chicxulub) is in the centre, and the cream coloured plot (Coloradas) is located at the east of the peninsula. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160611/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Future studies could examine the genetic structuring of these populations to determine if these chemotypic differences are related to genetic differentiation (i.e., isolation among populations) and/or adaptation to their local environment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FFF3F8B4FE3B4B59" blockId="3.[100,409,1878,1898]" box="[100,409,1878,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FFF3F8B4FE3B4B59" bold="true" box="[100,409,1878,1898]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.3. Chemotypes of mature plants</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FF13F86CFBB14B7D" blockId="3.[100,770,1935,1982]" lastBlockId="3.[818,1488,1124,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
In addition to the plants grown from seed, we also assessed the chemical profiles of 165 mature plants from which a subset (34) were also maternal plants. Thirty-seven compounds were detected in the mature plants, with 20 compounds identified as MTs, 10 SQTs, 4 GLVs, 1 hydrocarbon, and 2 nitrogen-containing volatiles (see Table S3). Mature plants were classified using the same chemotyping process as described above. PcoA ordination of all mature plants harvested
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FAC5FB37FA2E48D7" bold="true" box="[1362,1420,1236,1255]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
shows grouping by chemotype class, separating along axis 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E70FF94FAB8FB13FACD4933" box="[1327,1391,1264,1283]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[205,235,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,149,665]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[339,1249,148,666]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing locations of the wild Gossypium hirsutum populations from which seeds were collected along the Yucatan Peninsula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. S1</figureCitation>
|
||
; variation explained by first two ordinations: 82.6% and 15%). More than twothirds of the variation was explained by chemotype group (adonis:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E70FF94FA22FACBFA66490B" box="[1461,1476,1320,1339]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">R</collectionCode>
|
||
2 =0.698, p =0.001). Terpenoid production is known to be affected by a variety of environmental stresses, including exposure to extreme temperatures, water stress (flooding, drought), and salinity, as well as herbivory (Gouinguene´and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FBBBFA74FB19499A" author="Turlings" box="[1068,1211,1431,1450]" firstAuthor="Turlings" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1296 - 1307" refId="ref8643" refString="Gouinguen´e, S. P., Turlings, T. C., 2002. The effects of abiotic factors on induced volatile emissions in corn plants. Plant Physiol. 129, 1296 - 1307." type="journal article" year="2002">Turlings, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FB5BFA74FA96499A" author="Isah" box="[1228,1332,1431,1450]" firstAuthor="Isah" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="39" refId="ref9269" refString="Isah, T., 2019. Stress and defense responses in plant secondary metabolites production. Biol. Res. 52, 39. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 40659 - 019 - 0246 - 3." type="journal article" year="2019">Isah, 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E70FF94FADAFA74FAF9499A" box="[1357,1371,1431,1450]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
differential regulation in terpenoid production because of environmental pressures could explain why chemotype explained a higher percentage of total variation in the chemical profiles of the mature plants compared to plantlets; abiotic and biotic stress are known to affect the levels of VOCs in plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FC05F9C0FB7B4A06" author="Holopainen and Gershenzon" box="[914,1241,1571,1590]" firstAuthor="Holopainen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="176 - 184" refId="ref8978" refString="Holopainen, J. K., Gershenzon, J., 2010. Multiple stress factors and the emission of plant VOCs. Spec. Issue Induc. Biog. Volatile Org. Compd. Plants 15, 176 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. tplants. 2010.01.006." type="journal article" year="2010">Holopainen and Gershenzon, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Plant ontogeny can also influence the terpenoid profile. Although the age of the mature plants was unknown, they had been surveyed for several years and were well established flowering plants. Meanwhile, offspring plants were seedlings with only four developed leaves (around one month old), and it is possible that mature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FC6CF94DFBC64AF1" box="[1019,1124,1710,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FC6CF94DFBC64AF1" bold="true" box="[1019,1124,1710,1729]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants exhibit a more defined chemotype. For example, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E70FF94FC68F929FB624AED" box="[1023,1216,1738,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Melaleuca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FC68F929FB624AED" bold="true" box="[1023,1216,1738,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Melaleuca alternifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, six terpene chemotypes can be clearly differentiated in mature trees, however young plants only have four identifiable chemotypes, and two chemotypes with high terpinolene concentration are indistinguishable in young plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E70FF94FA30F8FDFBA74B7C" author="Bustos-Segura" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bustos-Segura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="937 - 947" refId="ref7777" refString="Bustos-Segura, C., Kulheim, C., Foley, W., 2015. Effects of terpene chemotypes of Melaleuca alternifolia on two specialist leaf beetles and susceptibility to myrtle rust. J. Chem. Ecol. 41, 937 - 947. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10886 - 015 - 0628 - 0." type="journal article" year="2015">Bustos-Segura et al., 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF94FCA5F890FBE94BB5" blockId="3.[818,1099,1906,1926]" box="[818,1099,1906,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E70FF94FCA5F890FBE94BB5" bold="true" box="[818,1099,1906,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.4. Heritability of chemotypes</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E70FF93FCC6F848FC2F4BAB" blockId="3.[849,1488,1963,1982]" lastBlockId="4.[818,1487,1705,1947]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
Most of the progeny had the same chemotype as their parent plant. Offspring of plants with chemotype class
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E77FF93FE77F94AFE4C4A8C" box="[480,494,1705,1724]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
matched their maternal plant 80% of the time (63/79 plants), and plants in chemotype class
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E77FF93FD62F926FCA04AE8" box="[757,770,1733,1752]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
matched their maternal plant almost 93% of the time (64/69). In wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E77FF93FFF3F91FFEE04B3F" box="[100,322,1788,1807]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="hirsutum" subSpecies="populations">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E77FF93FFF3F91FFF6E4B3F" bold="true" box="[100,204,1788,1807]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
populations
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both self-pollination and cross-pollination have been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E77FF93FE8FF8FBFE7B4B1B" author="Wegier, A. & Pi´neyro- Nelson, A & Alar´on, J & G´alvez-Mariscal, A & Alvarez-Buylla´, E. R & Pinero´, D." box="[280,473,1816,1836]" journalOrPublisher="Mol. Ecol." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="4182 - 4194" part="20" refId="ref11101" refString="Wegier, A., Pi´neyro- Nelson, A., Alar´on, J., G´alvez-Mariscal, A., Alvarez-Buylla´, E. R., Pinero´, D., 2011. Recent long-distance transgene flow into wild populations conforms to historical patterns of gene flow in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at its centre of origin. Mol. Ecol. 20, 4182 - 4194. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2011.05258. x." title="Recent long-distance transgene flow into wild populations conforms to historical patterns of gene flow in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) at its centre of origin." type="journal article" year="2011">Wegier et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Vel´azquez-L´opez et al. (2018) reported an outcrossing rate of 0.72 for a metapopulation of wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E77FF93FFF3F8B3FF6F4B53" box="[100,205,1872,1891]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E77FF93FFF3F8B3FF6F4B53" bold="true" box="[100,205,1872,1891]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7859C6E77FF93FEF1F8B3FE104B53" box="[358,434,1872,1891]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula, indicating that although the level of self-pollination is important, there is also a large contribution from cross-pollination to the next generation. Thus, as we only knew the chemotype of the maternal plant and not the paternal plant, this could explain why there was some disparity between maternal and offspring chemotypes. Broad sense heritability estimated with the animal model was 0.85 (CI = 0.75, 0.95). In concordance with what we observed, chemotype is generally considered to be heritable in plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E77FF93FCADF8FAFC074B1B" author="Hare" box="[826,933,1816,1836]" firstAuthor="Hare" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="161 - 180" refId="ref8928" refString="Hare, J. D., 2011. Ecological role of volatiles produced by plants in response to damage by herbivorous insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 56, 161 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-ento- 120709 - 144753." type="journal article" year="2011">Hare, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the tree species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E77FF93FBE6F8FBFA824B1B" box="[1137,1312,1816,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="globulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E77FF93FBE6F8FBFA824B1B" bold="true" box="[1137,1312,1816,1835]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Eucalyptus globulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, O’
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E77FF93FAD3F8FBFC0B4B77" author="Reilly-Wapstra" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Reilly-Wapstra" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="485 - 498" refId="ref10231" refString="O' Reilly-Wapstra, J. M., Freeman, J. S., Davies, N. W., Vaillancourt, R. E., Fitzgerald, H., Potts, B. M., 2011. Quantitative trait loci for foliar terpenes in a global eucalypt species. Tree Genet. Genomes 7, 485 - 498. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11295 - 010 - 0350 - 6." type="journal article" year="2011">Reilly-Wapstra et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found moderate to high broad-sense heritability of foliar terpenes, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E77FF93FC2DF8B3FBDC4B53" author="Karban" box="[954,1150,1872,1891]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Karban" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="380 - 385" refId="ref9354" refString="Karban, R., Wetzel, W. C., Shiojiri, K., Ishizaki, S., Ramirez, S. R., Blande, J. D., 2014. Deciphering the language of plant communication: volatile chemotypes of sagebrush. New Phytol. 204, 380 - 385." type="journal article" year="2014">Karban et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that in sagebrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E77FF93FAEDF8B3FC2B4B4E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E77FF93FAEDF8B3FC2B4B4E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Artemisia tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) chemotypes are highly heritable between parent and offspring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E77FF93FFF3F9B6FA6D4A4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160605" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[100,130,1621,1638]" targetBox="[340,1247,148,1593]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E77FF93FFF3F9B6FA6D4A4F" blockId="4.[100,1487,1621,1665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E77FF93FFF3F9B6FF024A56" bold="true" box="[100,160,1621,1638]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Theorised monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Compounds highlighted in blue comprise the γ- terpinene compound group, those highlighted in grey comprise the α- pinene compound group. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E76FF92FFF3FD22FA1C4F09" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160607/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[100,130,705,722]" targetBox="[106,1481,148,678]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF92FFF3FD22FA1C4F09" blockId="5.[100,1488,704,826]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FFF3FD22FF3D4EE3" bold="true" box="[100,159,705,723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Monoterpene composition of the two proposed cotton chemotypes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FD64FD22FCAF4EE2" bold="true" box="[755,781,705,722]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(a)</emphasis>
|
||
Scatterplot of the relative abundance of the pinene group (α- Pinene + β- Pinene) against the relative abundance of the summed values of the γ- Terpinene group.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FC97FD38FCB94EDC" bold="true" box="[768,795,731,748]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(b)</emphasis>
|
||
Representative chromatograms of plants belonging to chemotype classes A (upper panel) and B (lower panel). 1: (E)-2-Hexenal; 2: 2,4-Hexadienal (E,E); 3: α- Thujene; 4: α- Pinene; 5: Camphene; 6: Sabinene; 7: β- Pinene; 8: β- Myrcene; 9: α- Phellandrene; 10: α- Terpinene; 11: p-Cymene; 12: Limonene; 13: β- Phellandrene; 14: β- Ocimene; 15: γ- Terpinene; 16: Terpinolene; 17: Bornyl acetate; 18: γ- Elemene; 19: β- Caryophyllene; 20: α- Humulene; 21: Bicyclogermacrene.
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FDCBFCCBFDD74F09" bold="true" box="[604,629,808,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(c)</emphasis>
|
||
visualisation of proportion of monoterpene compounds from panel (b), for each chemotype class.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E76FF92FCA5FA02FA144A95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160611/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[818,848,1505,1522]" targetBox="[825,1481,882,1476]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF92FCA5FA02FA144A95" blockId="5.[818,1488,1505,1701]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FCA5FA02FCCF49C2" bold="true" box="[818,877,1505,1522]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ridgeline plot showing the distribution of the summed values of the γ- terpinene compound group (γ- terpinene, limonene, α- thujene, α- terpinene, terpinolene, and p-cymene; as % relative to total monoterpenes in each plant). In order from top to bottom: the plots coloured red (Celestún) and orange (Sisal) are located at the west of the peninsula. The plot coloured yellow (Chicxulub) is in the centre, and the cream coloured plot (Coloradas) is located at the east of the peninsula. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E76FF92FFF3F9F4FF514A6B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8160614" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160614/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[100,130,1559,1576]" targetBox="[106,764,881,1531]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF92FFF3F9F4FF514A6B" blockId="5.[100,770,1559,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FFF3F9F4FF3F4A17" bold="true" box="[100,157,1559,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Principal coordinate analysis on relative abundance of monoterpenes in plants grown from seed, showing samples separated based on their compositional similarity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF92FFF3F967FE114AA7" blockId="5.[100,435,1668,1687]" box="[100,435,1668,1687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E76FF92FFF3F967FE114AA7" bold="true" box="[100,435,1668,1687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2.5. Concentration of leaf terpenoids</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF92FF13F95FFA8E4B05" blockId="5.[100,770,1724,1966]" lastBlockId="5.[818,1491,1736,1957]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
To determine the degree to which biological and geographic factors can explain the variation in the concentration of compound classes, we used generalised linear mixed models. Approximately a quarter of the total variance (from 21 to 29%) in concentrations of total volatiles, total monoterpenes, total sesquiterpenes, and total green leaf volatiles was significantly explained by ‘genotype’ (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6917EC56E76FF92FE4EF8A4FD804B6B" box="[473,546,1863,1883]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="6.[100,150,150,166]" captionTargetBox="[116,1471,264,461]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 2 Variance between genotype and population random factors. The percentage of total variance explained is also shown. Variance components were obtained from generalised linear mixed models evaluating the variance of total concentrations of all volatiles, total monoterpenes, total sesquiterpenes, and total green leaf volatiles. Values shown in brackets specify the standard deviation of each component. Significant values are shown in bold. ***p <0.0001." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6C1BF66E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF6C1BF66E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), whereas ‘population’ explained only a small fraction of the variance and was not statistically significant. Concentrations of total volatiles and total monoterpenes were significantly higher in plants belonging to chemotype Class
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E76FF92FD64F878FCA34B9E" box="[755,769,1947,1966]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
(VOCs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E76FF92FC11F92BFC2D4AE6" attach="left" box="[902,911,1736,1750]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E76FF92FC11F936FC394AD3" attach="right" box="[902,923,1749,1763]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 4.9101, p = 0.027, MTs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E76FF92FB57F92BFB6B4AE6" attach="none" box="[1216,1225,1736,1750]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E76FF92FB57F936FB774AD3" attach="right" box="[1216,1237,1749,1763]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 8.298, p = 0.004). No significant difference was observed in total concentrations of sesquiterpenes or green leaf volatiles between chemotypes (SQTs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E76FF92FA09F8E3FA054B3E" attach="left" box="[1438,1447,1792,1806]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E76FF92FA09F8EEFA114B2B" attach="right" box="[1438,1459,1805,1819]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 1.5618, p = 0.2114, GLVs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E76FF92FBA9F8FFFBE54B1A" attach="left" box="[1086,1095,1820,1834]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E76FF92FBA9F8CAFBF64B07" attach="right" box="[1086,1108,1833,1847]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">(1)</subScript>
|
||
=1.646, p = 0.1995).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E76FF91FCC6F8DDFD424F88" blockId="5.[818,1491,1736,1957]" lastBlockId="6.[100,770,515,953]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
At the time of harvesting, all leaves were at a similar developmental stage (4th leaf fully unfurled). However, leaf area showed considerable variation with a bimodal distribution (excess mass test, p = 0.004,
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E76FF92FCA5F872FCD34B94" box="[818,881,1937,1956]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[100,130,1015,1032]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,148,988]" captionTargetId="graphics-604@3.[340,1029,148,837]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Correlation analysis of all mono- and sesquiterpenes analysed in the wild Gossypium hirsutum plants. Red rectangles indicate highly supported groups of monoterpenes (approximately unbiased (AU) p <0.05). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160603/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. S2</figureCitation>
|
||
); therefore, all analyses on concentration included leaf area as a covariate. Plants with smaller leaves contained significantly higher summed concentrations of all compounds found (summed GLVs, MTs and SQTs; χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E75FF91FF75FDD6FF494E73" attach="left" box="[226,235,565,579]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E75FF91FF75FDA1FF5A4E60" attach="right" box="[226,248,578,592]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 184.9882, p
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE3EFDD8FE1B4E7E" box="[425,441,571,590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"><</emphasis>
|
||
0.001). Total monoterpene and sesquiterpene concentrations were significantly higher in smaller leaves (MTs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E75FF91FF3AFD8EFF144E4B" attach="none" box="[173,182,621,635]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E75FF91FF3AFD99FF604EB8" attach="right" box="[173,194,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 585.716,
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA9FD90FEC24EB6" box="[318,352,627,646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA9FD90FEEA4EB6" bold="true" box="[318,328,627,646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">p</emphasis>
|
||
<
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
0.001, SQTs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E75FF91FE62FD8EFE5C4E4B" attach="left" box="[501,510,621,635]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E75FF91FE62FD99FDA84EB8" attach="right" box="[501,522,634,648]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(1)</subScript>
|
||
= 339.2854, p
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FD31FD90FD144EB6" box="[678,694,627,646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"><</emphasis>
|
||
0.001), whereas total concentrations of green leaf volatiles were higher in larger leaves (GLVs: χ
|
||
<superScript id="7C66E6366E75FF91FF66FD46FF584E83" attach="left" box="[241,250,677,691]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</superScript>
|
||
<subScript id="1797493B6E75FF91FF66FD51FEA44EF0" attach="right" box="[241,262,690,704]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(1)</subScript>
|
||
=51.733, p
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEE9FD48FE2C4E8E" box="[382,398,683,702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"><</emphasis>
|
||
0.001). Opitz and colleagues had found that accumulation of terpenoids in glands in cotton was strongly influenced by leaf area and developmental stage, with the two youngest/ smallest leaves having the highest total terpenoid concentration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FD58FD1DFF6C4F1D" author="Opitz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Opitz" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="508 - 522" refId="ref10186" refString="Opitz, S., Kunert, G., Gershenzon, J., 2008. Increased terpenoid accumulation in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) foliage is a general wound response. J. Chem. Ecol. 34, 508 - 522." type="journal article" year="2008">Opitz et al., 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They also showed that younger leaves have a much higher gland density than older leaves, but contain less total terpenoids per gland.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FF32FCB1FEDB4F55" author="Eisenring" box="[165,377,850,869]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Eisenring" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref8266" refString="Eisenring, M., Meissle, M., Hagenbucher, S., Naranjo, S. E., Wettstein, F., Romeis, J., 2017. Cotton defense induction patterns under spatially, temporally and quantitatively varying herbivory levels. Front. Plant Sci. 8." type="book" year="2017">Eisenring et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
made the observation that smaller leaves have a higher density of glands than larger leaves of the same age. We found that smaller leaves contained higher concentrations of MTs and SQTs and lower concentrations of GLVs in relation to larger leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF6C1BF66E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4" ID-Table-UUID="DF6C1BF66E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6C1BF66E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[100,150,150,166]" targetBox="[116,1471,264,461]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FFF3FF75FB144CC4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FFF3FF75FF054C97" bold="true" box="[100,167,150,167]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Table 2</emphasis>
|
||
Variance between genotype and population random factors. The percentage of total variance explained is also shown. Variance components were obtained from generalised linear mixed models evaluating the variance of total concentrations of all volatiles, total monoterpenes, total sesquiterpenes, and total green leaf volatiles. Values shown in brackets specify the standard deviation of each component. Significant values are shown in bold. ***p
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FBC8FF00FBCC4CC4" box="[1119,1134,227,244]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7"><</emphasis>
|
||
0.0001.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FFE3FEEBFD764DFD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="F913B9DE6E750068FFE3FEEBFA1D4DFD" box="[116,1471,264,461]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FEEBFA1D4D26" box="[116,1471,264,278]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FFE3FEEBFF604D26" box="[116,194,264,278]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Parameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FEA6FEEBFEDB4D26" box="[305,377,264,278]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genotype</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FE70FEEBFD9B4D26" box="[487,569,264,278]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Population</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FD31FEEBFC8E4D26" box="[678,812,264,278]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Residual variance</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FC0DFEEBFBA04D26" box="[922,1026,264,278]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Genotype (%)</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FBE7FEEBFB414D26" box="[1136,1251,264,278]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Population (%)</th>
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FAC6FEEBFA1D4D26" box="[1361,1471,264,278]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Total Variance</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FEFCFA1D4D1D" box="[116,1471,287,301]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FFE3FEFCFF604D1D" box="[116,194,287,301]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Total VOC</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FEFCFEDB4D1D" box="[305,377,287,301]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA6FEFCFECF4D1D" bold="true" box="[305,365,287,301]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.03***</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FEFCFD9B4D1D" box="[487,569,287,301]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FEFCFC8E4D1D" box="[678,812,287,301]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.09</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FC0DFEFCFBA04D1D" box="[922,1026,287,301]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FBE7FEFCFB414D1D" box="[1136,1251,287,301]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FAC6FEFCFA1D4D1D" box="[1361,1471,287,301]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FED6FA1D4D74" box="[116,1471,309,324]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FED6FEDB4D74" box="[305,377,309,324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.16)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FED6FD9B4D74" box="[487,569,309,324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.08)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FED6FC8E4D74" box="[678,812,309,324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FEAFFA1D4D6B" box="[116,1471,332,347]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FFE3FEAFFF604D6B" box="[116,194,332,347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Total MT</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FEAFFEDB4D6B" box="[305,377,332,347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA6FEAFFECF4D6A" bold="true" box="[305,365,332,346]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.04***</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FEAFFD9B4D6B" box="[487,569,332,347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.01</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FEAFFC8E4D6B" box="[678,812,332,347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.13</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FC0DFEAFFBA04D6B" box="[922,1026,332,347]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.22</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FBE7FEAFFB414D6B" box="[1136,1251,332,347]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.56</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FAC6FEAFFA1D4D6B" box="[1361,1471,332,347]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FE80FA1D4D41" box="[116,1471,355,369]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FE80FEDB4D41" box="[305,377,355,369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.20)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FE80FD9B4D41" box="[487,569,355,369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.09)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FE80FC8E4D41" box="[678,812,355,369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FE99FA1D4DB8" box="[116,1471,378,392]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FFE3FE99FF604DB8" box="[116,194,378,392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Total SQT</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FE99FEDB4DB8" box="[305,377,378,392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA6FE99FECF4DB8" bold="true" box="[305,365,378,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.06***</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FE99FD9B4DB8" box="[487,569,378,392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FE99FC8E4DB8" box="[678,812,378,392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.20</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FC0DFE99FBA04DB8" box="[922,1026,378,392]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FBE7FE99FB414DB8" box="[1136,1251,378,392]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">7.14</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FAC6FE99FA1D4DB8" box="[1361,1471,378,392]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.08</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FE72FA1D4DAF" box="[116,1471,401,415]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FE72FEDB4DAF" box="[305,377,401,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.25)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FE72FD9B4DAF" box="[487,569,401,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.12)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FE72FC8E4DAF" box="[678,812,401,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.45)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FE4BFA1D4D86" box="[116,1471,424,438]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="76F220406E750068FFE3FE4BFF604D86" box="[116,194,424,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Total GLV</th>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FE4BFEDB4D86" box="[305,377,424,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FEA6FE4BFECF4D86" bold="true" box="[305,365,424,438]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.03***</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FE4BFD9B4D86" box="[487,569,424,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FE4BFC8E4D86" box="[678,812,424,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.07</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FC0DFE4BFBA04D86" box="[922,1026,424,438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">29.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FBE7FE4BFB414D86" box="[1136,1251,424,438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.61</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FAC6FE4BFA1D4D86" box="[1361,1471,424,438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.10</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3523493C6E750068FFE3FE5CFA1D4DFD" box="[116,1471,447,461]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FEA6FE5CFEDB4DFD" box="[305,377,447,461]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.17)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FE70FE5CFD9B4DFD" box="[487,569,447,461]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.07)</td>
|
||
<td id="76F220406E750068FD31FE5CFC8E4DFD" box="[678,812,447,461]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">(0.26)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FFF3FC15FD054839" blockId="6.[100,679,1014,1033]" box="[100,679,1014,1033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FFF3FC15FD054839" bold="true" box="[100,679,1014,1033]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
2.6. Ecological implications of chemical diversity in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FDAAFC15FD054839" ID-CoL="3H4C5" ID-ENA="3635" box="[573,679,1014,1033]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">G. hirsutum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FF13FBCDFEE64A63" blockId="6.[100,770,1070,1982]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The chemotype of a plant plays an important role in the outcome of environmental adaptation, and volatile-mediated plant-insect and plant-plant interactions. For instance, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FE5CFB85FD214848" box="[459,643,1125,1145]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE5CFB85FD214848" bold="true" box="[459,643,1125,1145]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Artemisia tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sagebrush), plants with the same chemotype respond more strongly to volatiles emitted by each other than to volatiles from individuals with a different chemotype (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FF4BFB5AFE3B48FD" author="Karban" box="[220,409,1209,1229]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Karban" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="380 - 385" refId="ref9354" refString="Karban, R., Wetzel, W. C., Shiojiri, K., Ishizaki, S., Ramirez, S. R., Blande, J. D., 2014. Deciphering the language of plant communication: volatile chemotypes of sagebrush. New Phytol. 204, 380 - 385." type="journal article" year="2014">Karban et al., 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, when
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FDC1FB59FCA048FC" box="[598,770,1209,1229]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tanacetum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FDC1FB59FCA048FC" bold="true" box="[598,770,1209,1229]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tanacetum vulgare</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(tansy) plants were challenged by insect herbivores from two feeding guilds, distinct chemotypes responded differently. Following caterpillar feeding, some chemotypes exhibit a stronger volatile response when also pre-treated with aphids, while the opposite was observed for other chemotypes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FF75FAA6FE364968" author="Clancy" box="[226,404,1349,1368]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Clancy" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref7886" refString="Clancy, M. V., Haberer, G., Jud, W., Niederbacher, B., Niederbacher, S., Senft, M., Zytynska, S. E., Weisser, W. W., Schnitzler, J. - P., 2020. Under fire-simultaneous volatilome and transcriptome analysis unravels fine-scale responses of tansy chemotypes to dual herbivore attack. BMC Plant Biol. 20, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2020">Clancy et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FE55FAA6FDF14968" box="[450,595,1349,1368]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Thymus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE55FAA6FDF14968" bold="true" box="[450,595,1349,1368]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Thymus vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(thyme), phenolic chemotypes show reduced tolerance to freezing compared to non-phenolic chemotypes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FEF9FA9EFDF349A0" author="Thompson, J. & Charpentier, A. & Bouguet, G. & Charmasson, F. & Roset, S. & Buatois, B. & Vernet, P. & Gouyon, P." box="[366,593,1405,1424]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="2893 - 2897" part="110" refId="ref10799" refString="Thompson, J., Charpentier, A., Bouguet, G., Charmasson, F., Roset, S., Buatois, B., Vernet, P., Gouyon, P., 2013. Evolution of a genetic polymorphism with climate change in a Mediterranean landscape. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110, 2893 - 2897. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1215833110." title="Evolution of a genetic polymorphism with climate change in a Mediterranean landscape" type="journal article" year="2013">Thompson et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and occur more frequently in a region that has undergone regional warming (where occurrence of extreme winter freezing events has dwindled). Accordingly, the observed geographic gradient in the frequency of the two identified chemotypes across wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FE28FA0FFD0449CF" box="[447,678,1516,1535]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="hirsutum" subSpecies="populations">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE28FA0FFD8F49CF" bold="true" box="[447,557,1516,1535]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
populations
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
calls for further work testing whether the terpene chemotypes are associated with a pattern of local adaptation to biotic (herbivores and/or pathogens) or abiotic factors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FF13F9BFFBBF4E8D" blockId="6.[100,770,1070,1982]" lastBlockId="6.[818,1488,515,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
There have been numerous investigations concerned with describing the volatile terpenoids found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FE1CF99BFE504ABA" box="[395,498,1655,1675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE1CF99BFE504ABA" bold="true" box="[395,498,1655,1675]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While chemotypes have not, to our knowledge, been described in wild cotton to date, differences in the amounts of herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) released by different cultivars have been recorded (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FE62F928FD564AEE" author="Hagenbucher" box="[501,756,1739,1759]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hagenbucher" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref8781" refString="Hagenbucher, S., Birgersson, G., Chattington, S., Anderson, P., 2016. Domestication influences choice behavior and performance of a generalist herbivore. Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Systemat. 23, 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ppees. 2016.09.001." type="journal article" year="2016">Hagenbucher et al., 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FFF3F904FEEF4ACA" author="Magalhtaes" box="[100,333,1766,1787]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Magalhtaes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="94" refId="ref9751" refString="Magalhtaes, D. M., Borges, M., Laumann, R. A., Caulfield, J. C., Birkett, M. A., Blassioli- Moraes, M. C., 2020. Inefficient weapon - the role of plant secondary metabolites in cotton defence against the boll weevil. Planta 252, 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00425 - 020 - 03497 - w." type="journal article" year="2020">Magalh˜aes et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
investigated VOC differences between seven
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FFF3F8E0FF6D4B26" box="[100,207,1795,1814]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FFF3F8E0FF6D4B26" bold="true" box="[100,207,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
genotypes and found few qualitative and quantitative differences. R¨ose and colleagues (R¨
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FE02F8FCFD204B02" author="R ¨ ose, U. S. & Tumlinson, J. H." box="[405,642,1823,1842]" journalOrPublisher="Planta" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="327 - 335" part="222" refId="ref10583" refString="R ¨ ose, U. S., Tumlinson, J. H., 2005. Systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: how specific is the signal to herbivory? Planta 222, 327 - 335." title="Systemic induction of volatile release in cotton: how specific is the signal to herbivory" type="journal article" year="2005">ose and Tumlinson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) showed that cotton plants respond in specific ways to herbivory by systemically releasing distinct blends of volatile compounds, and suggest that plants that emit higher amounts of induced defence chemicals are better at defending themselves.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FEADF86CFDAB4B91" author="Loughrin" box="[314,521,1934,1954]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Loughrin" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1217 - 1227" refId="ref9575" refString="Loughrin, J. H., Manukian, A., Heath, R. R., Tumlinson, J. H., 1995. Volatiles emitted by different cotton varieties damaged by feeding beet armyworm larvae. J. Chem. Ecol. 21, 1217 - 1227." type="journal article" year="1995">Loughrin et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
showed that upon feeding damage by beet armyworm larvae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FE2DF849FDFD4B8E" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1808" box="[442,607,1962,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Spodoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FE2DF849FDFD4B8E" bold="true" box="[442,607,1962,1982]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Spodoptera exigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), the naturalised variety TX2259 was found to emit much greater quantities of HIPVs than five other cultivated lines (almost sevenfold higher). Moreover, this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FCA5FDD8FC6E4E7E" box="[818,972,571,590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="variety" variety="released">variety released</taxonomicName>
|
||
higher amounts of γ- terpinene. Thus, it would be interesting to explore if wild (and naturalised) cotton emits higher amounts of HIPVs than cultivated plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FB53FD90FA8E4EB5" box="[1220,1324,626,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FB53FD90FA8E4EB5" bold="true" box="[1220,1324,626,646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and whether the constitutive terpene chemotype is also linked to quantitative differences in the volatile emissions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FCC6FD24FBDC4818" blockId="6.[818,1488,515,1064]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
HIPVs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FC3CFD25FBB64EE9" box="[939,1044,710,729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FC3CFD25FBB64EE9" bold="true" box="[939,1044,710,729]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have also been implicated in interactions with the third trophic level.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FB8BFD01FB434EC5" baseAuthorityName="Cameron" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[1052,1249,738,757]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Campoletis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sonorensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FB8BFD01FB434EC5" bold="true" box="[1052,1249,738,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Campoletis sonorensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FA8FFD01FA6D4EC5" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[1304,1487,738,757]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Microplitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croceipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FA8FFD01FA6D4EC5" bold="true" box="[1304,1487,738,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Microplitis croceipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(two parasitoid species) were found to respond to volatiles from undamaged cotton plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FBB7FCF9FB724F1D" author="Elzen" box="[1056,1232,794,813]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Elzen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="175 - 180" refId="ref8404" refString="Elzen, G. W., Williams, H. J., Vinson, S. B., Powell, J. E., 1987. Comparative flight behavior of parasitoids Campoletis sonorensis and Microplitis croceipes. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 45, 175 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.1987. tb 01078. x." type="journal article" year="1987">Elzen et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), yet volatiles emitted by caterpillar-damaged plants seem to provoke a considerably stronger response (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FC04FCB1FBD24F55" author="De Moraes" box="[915,1136,850,869]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Moraes" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="570 - 573" refId="ref8079" refString="De Moraes, C. M., Lewis, W. J., Par´e, P. W., Alborn, H. T., Tumlinson, J. H., 1998. Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids. Nature 393, 570 - 573. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 31219." type="journal article" year="1998">De Moraes et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FBE9FCB1FAE14F55" author="Turlings, T. C. & Loughrin, J. H. & McCall, P. J. & R ¨ ose, U. S. & Lewis, W. J. & Tumlinson, J. H." box="[1150,1347,850,869]" journalOrPublisher="Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="4169 - 4174" part="92" refId="ref10950" refString="Turlings, T. C., Loughrin, J. H., McCall, P. J., R ¨ ose, U. S., Lewis, W. J., Tumlinson, J. H., 1995. How caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92, 4169 - 4174. https: // doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 92.10.4169." title="How caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps" type="journal article" year="1995">Turlings et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Importantly, cotton volatiles are also involved in plant-plant signalling; studies have shown that cotton plants exposed to the volatiles of a nearby damaged plant are more resistant to herbivory (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FB04FC46FAF24F88" author="Llandres" box="[1171,1360,933,953]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Llandres" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="2004 - 2012" refId="ref9503" refString="Llandres, A. L., Almohamad, R., Br´evault, T., Renou, A., T´er´eta, I., Jean, J., Goebel, F. - R., 2018. Plant training for induced defense against insect pests: a promising tool for integrated pest management in cotton. Pest Manag. Sci. 74, 2004 - 2012." type="journal article" year="2018">Llandres et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FACCFC45FCC04FE4" author="Renou" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Renou" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1370 - 1375" refId="ref10448" refString="Renou, A., T´er´eta, I., Togola, M., 2011. Manual topping decreases bollworm infestations in cotton cultivation in Mali. Crop Protect. 30, 1370 - 1375. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. cropro. 2011.05.020." type="journal article" year="2011">Renou et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, chemotypic variation could be a factor that not only affects the attraction of natural enemies of herbivores to damaged or undamaged plants but also be a key determinant of the effectiveness of airborne signalling between plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30918F56E75FF91FCA5FBAEFBD84A32" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FCA5FBAEFC6E4850" blockId="6.[818,972,1101,1120]" box="[818,972,1101,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<heading id="D0E4FC126E75FF91FCA5FBAEFC6E4850" bold="true" box="[818,972,1101,1120]" fontSize="36" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FCA5FBAEFC6E4850" bold="true" box="[818,972,1101,1120]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3. Conclusions</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FCC6FB66FBD84A32" blockId="6.[818,1488,1156,1539]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In brief, we demonstrate that wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FB0AFB67FAA448A7" box="[1181,1286,1156,1175]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FB0AFB67FAA448A7" bold="true" box="[1181,1286,1156,1175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants from 16 naturally occurring populations along the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7859C6E75FF91FB20FB42FAA14884" box="[1207,1283,1185,1204]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
peninsula could be grouped into two chemotypes based on differences in their stored monoterpene profiles. The identification of chemotypes in wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FCA5FB17FC3E4937" box="[818,924,1268,1287]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FCA5FB17FC3E4937" bold="true" box="[818,924,1268,1287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
could have implications for cotton direct defences against herbivory, and indirect defences through the attraction of natural enemies or plant-plant signalling. We recommend performing experiments exploring the consequences of the reported terpene variation on the different levels of plant defence and its effects on the outcome of associated interactions. In combination with functional characterisation of terpene synthases in wild cotton chemotypes such research would provide valuable information into the chemical ecology of cotton and may reveal opportunities to enhance the control of cotton pests without the current excessive use of pesticides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30918F56E75FF90FCA5F9C4FD2C4CF3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FCA5F9C4FC7B4A0A" blockId="6.[818,985,1575,1594]" box="[818,985,1575,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FCA5F9C4FC7B4A0A" bold="true" box="[818,985,1575,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4. Experimental</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF91FCA5F9BCFC434A41" blockId="6.[818,993,1630,1650]" box="[818,993,1630,1650]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FCA5F9BCFC434A41" bold="true" box="[818,993,1630,1650]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.1. Plant material</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAC4B7E6E75FF90FCC6F975FD2C4CF3" blockId="6.[818,1488,1686,1957]" lastBlockId="7.[100,770,147,195]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FCC6F975FB9F4A9A" authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[849,1085,1686,1706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FCC6F975FBAB4A99" bold="true" box="[849,1033,1686,1705]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Gossypium hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
Cav.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FBDBF975FB114A99" box="[1100,1203,1686,1705]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is a perennial shrub that is native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3040BEE6E75FF91FC1DF951FC6C4AF5" box="[906,974,1714,1733]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and is distributed throughout the Caribbean Basin and Central America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF82368F6E75FF91FC41F92DFAB74AD1" author="d' Eeckenbrugge and Lacape" box="[982,1301,1742,1762]" firstAuthor="d' Eeckenbrugge" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref8030" refString="d' Eeckenbrugge, G. C., Lacape, J. - M., 2014. Distribution and differentiation of wild, feral, and cultivated populations of perennial upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Mesoamerica and the Caribbean. PLoS One 9." type="journal volume" year="2014">d’ Eeckenbrugge and Lacape, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It grows up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEBE69B6E75FF91FA3BF92DFA6D4AD2" box="[1452,1487,1742,1762]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
tall under natural conditions. Wild populations of the species can be found growing in coastal shrubland along the Mexican
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7859C6E75FF91FAD7F8E4FA2E4B2A" box="[1344,1420,1799,1818]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Yucatan</collectingRegion>
|
||
Peninsula coast.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7B41236E75FF90FC0EF8C1FD2C4CF3" collectingDate="2019" collectingDateMax="2020" collectingDateMin="2019" collectionCode="University of Neuchˆatel" country="Switzerland" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" location="Yucatan Peninsula" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="16" stateProvince="Yucatan Peninsula">
|
||
Seeds from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1580F76E75FF91FB92F8C1FBBF4B05" box="[1029,1053,1826,1845]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16</specimenCount>
|
||
populations of wild
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1330FD6E75FF91FB49F8C1FAE54B05" box="[1246,1351,1826,1845]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Gossypium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B967976C6E75FF91FB49F8C1FAE54B05" bold="true" box="[1246,1351,1826,1845]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G. hirsutum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants located around the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D7859C6E75FF91FC0AF8DDFBEB4B61" box="[925,1097,1854,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Yucatan Peninsula</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132857FB6E75FF91FBC1F8DDFB294B61" box="[1110,1163,1854,1873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[205,235,694,711]" captionTargetBox="[340,1248,149,665]" captionTargetId="figure-103@2.[339,1249,148,666]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Map showing locations of the wild Gossypium hirsutum populations from which seeds were collected along the Yucatan Peninsula." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8160601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8160601/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) were collected in
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFE994566E75FF91FAABF8DDFA6E4B61" box="[1340,1484,1854,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019" valueMax="2020" valueMin="2019">
|
||
<date id="FFAD6DBE6E75FF91FAABF8DDFA6E4B61" box="[1340,1484,1854,1873]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2019" valueMax="2020" valueMin="2019">2019 and 2020</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
. From each population, approximately 100 seeds from six maternal plants were harvested at each site. Offspring from the same mother are either full or half-siblings and referred to here as a genotype. The seeds were shipped to the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED02D3BB6E74FF90FEA7FF77FDB44C97" box="[304,534,147,167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">University of Neuchˆatel</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3040BEE6E74FF90FDB4FF77FD374C97" box="[547,661,148,167]" name="Switzerland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where the experiment was performed between
|
||
<date id="FFAD6DBE6E74FF90FE2AFF53FD284CF3" box="[445,650,176,195]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2020-07" valueMax="2020-11-31" valueMin="2020-07-00">July–November 2020</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |