391 lines
36 KiB
XML
391 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ff939f9c-7e1e-4a82-8f77-720150b07bba" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7103387" checkinTime="1663827715907" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wilson, Brett, Lazkov, Georgy A., Shalpykov, Kaiyrkul T. & Brockington, Samuel F." docDate="2022" docId="03BA1707FF8C8417FF162DABFC4BFD47" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.566.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 566 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Tulipa toktogulica B. D. Wilson & Lazkov 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FF836F7FFF8A841FFF9E2C5CFFF4FFF7" masterDocTitle="Tulipa toktogulica (Liliaceae), a cryptic, endangered new species from the western Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1663936318781" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Tulipa toktogulica (Liliaceae), a cryptic, endangered new species from the western Tien-Shan, Kyrgyzstan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wilson, Brett</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5181-2875</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK & bdw 35 @ cam. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5181 - 2875</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bdw35@cam.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lazkov, Georgy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-3531-8524</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic & glazkov 1963 @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3531 - 8524</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">glazkov1963@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shalpykov, Kaiyrkul T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4931-9384</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Chemistry and Phytotechnology, National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic & alhor 6464 @ mail. ru; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4931 - 9384</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alhor6464@mail.ru</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brockington, Samuel F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-1216-219X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK & sb 771 @ cam. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1216 - 219 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sb771@cam.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>566</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.566.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">ff939f9c-7e1e-4a82-8f77-720150b07bba</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7103387</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7108019" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7108019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA1707FF8C8417FF162DABFC4BFD47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA1707FF8C8417FF162DABFC4BFD47" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection box="[136,700,503,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,503,634]" box="[136,700,503,526]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName authority="B.D.Wilson & Lazkov" authorityName="B. D. Wilson & Lazkov" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,541,503,526]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toktogulica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,318,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tulipa toktogulica</emphasis>
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B.D.Wilson & Lazkov
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis box="[550,623,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[550,623,504,525]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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(Fig. 3)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,503,634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-04-15" collectorName="Sussamyr Mt. R." country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Sary-Seget" elevation="1670" latitude="41.95854" location="Jalal-Abad Province" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="73.28587" municipality="Sussamyr Mt." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
Type:—
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||
<collectingCountry box="[213,378,540,561]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KYRGYZSTAN</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA1707FF8C8417FF162DABFC4BFD47:8ECCF0CAFF8C8419FE1F2E40FDB3FDC5" box="[385,583,540,562]" country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Sary-Seget" latitude="41.95854" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="73.28587" municipality="Sussamyr Mt." name="Jalal-Abad Province" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Jalal-Abad Province</location>
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:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BA1707FF8C8417FF162DABFC4BFD47:8ECCF0CAFF8C8419FDD02E40FD2FFDC5" box="[590,731,540,562]" country="Kyrgyzstan" county="Sary-Seget" latitude="41.95854" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="73.28587" municipality="Sussamyr Mt." name="Toktogul distr." pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Toktogul distr.</location>
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,
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<collectorName box="[738,898,540,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<collectingMunicipality box="[738,871,540,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sussamyr Mt.</collectingMunicipality>
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R.
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</collectorName>
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, south-east facing slope, north of
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<collectingCounty box="[1213,1318,540,561]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Sary-Seget</collectingCounty>
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and Bel-Aldy villages, steppe vegetation with occasional shrubs, pastureland,
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<geoCoordinate box="[803,913,576,598]" degrees="41.95854" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="41.95854">41.95854N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[923,1030,576,598]" degrees="73.28587" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" precision="1" value="73.28587">73.28587E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity box="[1040,1115,576,598]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1670.0">
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<elevation box="[1040,1115,576,598]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
,
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<date box="[1125,1260,576,598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2022-04-15">
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<collectingDate box="[1125,1260,576,598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="2022-04-15">15 April 2022</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Lazkov, Shalpykov, Wilson 135</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus box="[309,398,612,634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">holotype</typeStatus>
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: FRU; isotypes: CGE, FRU, K, LE)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7108025" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7108025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7108025/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[136,229,1540,1562]" targetBox="[151,1436,659,1516]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1453,1540,1634]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,229,1540,1562]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE</emphasis>
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. A. Side view of a flower. B. Flower from above. C. Side view of a closed flower. D. Inner and outer tepals, stamen and ovary. E. Prolonged tunic on bulb. F. Seed pod. G. Habitat at population one. H. Habitat at population two and three. I. Habitat at population four. Photos by Brett Wilson.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,1681,2068]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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This species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lazkov" authorityYear="2011" box="[472,649,1681,1707]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="talassica">
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<emphasis box="[472,649,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tulipa talassica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its prolonged tunic but it has broad stamens like those of
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<taxonomicName box="[1303,1451,1681,1707]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">
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<emphasis box="[1303,1451,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. tetraphylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and only three leaves, unlike
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<taxonomicName box="[464,615,1717,1743]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">
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<emphasis box="[464,615,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. tetraphylla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which usually has four or more leaves. Flowers of the new species have a faint scent, which is not present in these other Central Asian species except
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<taxonomicName authority="Zonneveld" authorityName="Zonneveld" box="[984,1267,1753,1779]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kolbintsevii">
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<emphasis box="[984,1140,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. kolbintsevii</emphasis>
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Zonneveld
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Zonneveld, B. J. M. & De Groot, J. J." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1293 - 1296" refId="ref8604" refString="Zonneveld, B. J. M. & De Groot, J. J. (2012) Tulipa kolbintsevii Zonn., a new species from eastern Kazakhstan. Plant Systematics and Evolution 298: 1293 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00606 - 012 - 0635 - 3" type="journal article" year="2012">Zonneveld & de Groot (2012: 1294)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1452,1681,2068]" lastBlockId="7.[136,1452,158,365]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Perennial geophytes with ovoid bulbs,
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<quantity box="[636,760,1825,1852]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, tunics light brown, prolonged, soft, papery and adpressed hairs at base and beak of inside of bulb tunic. Leaves three, greyish green with red edges near end of leaf, linear, narrow, lanceolate. Bottom two leaves similar length with basal leaf wider, upper leaf narrowest and shortest. Lower leaf 125 ×
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<quantity box="[330,409,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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(85–193 ×
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||
<quantity box="[538,663,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 mm</quantity>
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), second leaf 122 ×
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<quantity box="[887,952,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
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(83–195 ×
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<quantity box="[1081,1191,1933,1959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="4.0">4–11 mm</quantity>
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), upper leaf 99 ×
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<quantity box="[1387,1452,1933,1960]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
(62–153 ×
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||
<quantity box="[263,362,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="2.0">2–8 mm</quantity>
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). Plant
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<quantity box="[449,544,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 mm</quantity>
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tall (
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<quantity box="[605,761,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.91" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="148.5" valueMax="191.0" valueMin="106.0">106–191 mm</quantity>
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), stem glabrous,
|
||
<quantity box="[956,1051,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="102.0">102 mm</quantity>
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long (
|
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<quantity box="[1126,1268,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" metricValueMax="1.55" metricValueMin="0.8099999999999999" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="118.0" valueMax="155.0" valueMin="81.0">81–155 mm</quantity>
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||
), flower
|
||
<quantity box="[1371,1452,1969,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<quantity box="[203,331,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="30.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="25.0">25–36 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Solitary flower, slightly fragrant. Inner tepals less open than outer tepals causing it to be bucket shaped. Inner tepal approximately 35 ×
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||
<quantity box="[579,660,2041,2067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="14.0">14 mm</quantity>
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, outer tepal 38 ×
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||
<quantity box="[853,934,2041,2067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
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||
. Inner tepal oblong-obovate, tapering to point. Outer tepals rhombic, narrowing to point. Tepals primarily yellow, outwardly mostly red with small yellow margin and yellowish green tear-drop shaped central blotch. Stamens around
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<quantity box="[866,947,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
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||
, approximately a third the length of the inner tepal. Filament
|
||
<quantity box="[310,375,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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||
long, broad (Fig. 4), conical-ovate. Anther
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||
<quantity box="[860,924,231,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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||
long, oblong-elongate, with ridges. Anther and filament both yellow, glabrous, and of similar width. Ovary usually green but sometimes yellowish with a short sessile yellow stigma. Ovary
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||
<quantity box="[389,470,302,329]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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||
long, longer than filament but shorter than stamen. Seed capsule is triangular in cross section with a small middle ridge on each side and a short yellow pistil.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7108027" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7108027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7108027/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[136,229,842,864]" targetBox="[151,1436,389,817]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1451,842,900]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,229,842,864]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE</emphasis>
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. Photos showing the broader stamens in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="B. D. Wilson & Lazkov" authorityYear="2022" box="[633,807,842,863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toktogulica">
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<emphasis box="[633,807,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tulipa toktogulica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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compared to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lazkov" authorityYear="2011" box="[935,1043,842,864]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="talassica">
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<emphasis box="[935,1043,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. talassica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. D. Wilson & Lazkov" authorityYear="2022" box="[1081,1256,842,863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toktogulica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1081,1256,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tulipa toktogulica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. B.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lazkov" authorityYear="2011" box="[1294,1445,842,863]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="talassica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1445,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tulipa talassica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Photos by Brett Wilson and Georgy Lazkov
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,947,2089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,947,973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Named after the Toktogul region. We hope that naming it after this area will improve awareness of the diversity of the flora of this region and hence its conservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,947,2089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,521,1018,1045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
Known thus far from four populations occurring to the north-east of the Toktogul Reservoir. One population occurs in pastureland of the Zagyra Mountains to the south-east of Torkent (population one), several populations are known from just north of Sary-Seget and Bel-Aldy villages (populations two and three) and a fourth near where the Bordoo-Kia River joins the larger Torkent River. Specimens were collected from all these populations, but the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[373,421,1163,1189]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen was collected from population three, and only sterile specimens were obtained from population four. The populations found growing north of the villages of Sary-Seget and Bel-Aldy, including the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[136,184,1235,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
location, were located on south-east facing slopes not far from the dusty track leading up the valley at
|
||
<quantity box="[1358,1447,1235,1261]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1670.0">1670 m</quantity>
|
||
, where there was clear evidence of some livestock grazing. The population growing in the Zagyra Mountains was found growing on relatively bare slopes in brown, clayey soil at
|
||
<quantity box="[781,869,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.077" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1077.0">1077 m</quantity>
|
||
. There was evidence of heavy grazing in the area by cows, sheep and goats, with much of the vegetation damaged. The population found growing near the convergence of the Bordoo-Kia River with the Torkent was found only in fruit growing on a steep south-east facing slope in the valley of the Bordoo-Kia River,
|
||
<quantity box="[423,507,1415,1441]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.138" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1138.0">1138 m</quantity>
|
||
elev.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,947,2089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,351,1451,1477]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering in early to mid-April, around the same time as
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1256,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1042,1251,1451,1477]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">Tulipa tetraphylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Lower-elevation populations of this species usually flower in early April and release seeds when populations at higher elevations are in flower.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,947,2089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,321,1559,1585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ecology:—</emphasis>
|
||
In savannah-like vegetation, primarily in shrubland on stony-gravelly soil. It grows near populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vvedensky" authorityYear="1935" box="[167,353,1595,1621]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferganica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[167,353,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tulipa ferganica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regel" authorityYear="1873" box="[368,470,1595,1620]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="greigii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[368,470,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">T. greigii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,684,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[526,680,1595,1621]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">T. tetraphylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The last two are often in flower at the same time as this species. At the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[177,225,1631,1657]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, it is found with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[503,678,1631,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Alcea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nudiflora">
|
||
<emphasis box="[503,678,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Alcea nudiflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[691,903,1631,1657]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Carex" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="turkestanica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[691,903,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Carex turkestanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[917,1124,1631,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[917,1124,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Euphorbia virgata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1137,1349,1631,1657]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Ferula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kuhistanica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1137,1349,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferula kuhistanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="valesiaca">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Festuca valesiaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[254,462,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Lathyrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pratensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[254,462,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Lathyrus pratensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[475,640,1667,1692]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Nepeta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cataria">
|
||
<emphasis box="[475,640,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Nepeta cataria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[653,1019,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Origanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgare" subSpecies="gracile">
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,858,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Origanum vulgare</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,1019,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">gracile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1031,1242,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apiaceae" genus="Prangos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Apiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pabularia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1031,1242,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Prangos pabularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1255,1444,1667,1693]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygonaceae" genus="Rheum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="wittrockii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1444,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rheum wittrockii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,300,1703,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kokanica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,300,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rosa kokanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[314,551,1703,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Spiraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hypericifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[314,551,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Spiraea hypericifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[606,868,1703,1729]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Verbascum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="songaricum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[606,868,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Verbascum songaricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,947,2089]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1452,158,689]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,466,1738,1765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
|
||
Occurring at three locations consisting of four populations (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1160,1228,1739,1765]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="11.[136,209,1246,1272]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,352,1220]" captionTargetId="figure-27@11.[148,1438,352,1221]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 1a: (a) Single partition plastome tree, (b) multi-partition plastome tree, (c), multi-partition CDS tree, (d) 35S rDNA tree." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7108029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7108029/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The conservation status of a new species is often precarious (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Liu, J. & Slik, F. & Zheng, S. & Lindenmayer, D. B." box="[618,788,1775,1801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="12876" refId="ref7006" refString="Liu, J., Slik, F., Zheng, S. & Lindenmayer, D. B. (2022) Undescribed species have higher extinction risk than known species. Conservation Letters 15: e 12876. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / conl. 12876" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis box="[665,721,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and this species follows this trend. The area of occupancy (AOO =
|
||
<quantity box="[236,306,1811,1837]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[306,314,1810,1824]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</superScript>
|
||
) and the extent of occurrence (EOO =
|
||
<quantity box="[750,821,1811,1837]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[821,829,1810,1824]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2</superScript>
|
||
) are extremely small. There is no clear estimate of how large these populations are, but they are likely below 1000 individuals based on our field observations. Crucially, the species is not known to occur in any protected area and has only recently been added to two
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1322,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">ex-situ</emphasis>
|
||
collections explicitly the Cambridge University Botanic Garden in the
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[790,844,1919,1945]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">U.K.</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Gareev Botanical Garden in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1211,1306,1919,1945]" country="Kyrgyzstan" name="Bishkek Shaary" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bishkek</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1316,1448,1919,1945]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, it is believed to be widespread in the Toktogul area with unrecorded populations likely to be discovered soon.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="B. D. Wilson & Lazkov" authorityYear="2022" box="[202,405,1991,2017]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toktogulica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,405,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tulipa toktogulica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assessed as endangered B1ab(iii) + B2ab(iii) due to the extremely small estimated AOO and EOO; it is only known from three locations and habitat quality is thought to be in decline in areas of the distribution of this species due to ongoing threats from livestock overgrazing and climate change. Focused efforts to record and monitor more populations of this species are needed, especially to assess whether it occurs in any protected areas, as well as collection of bulbs and seeds to ensure this species is protected in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1093,195,220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ex-situ</emphasis>
|
||
collections both nationally and internationally. The status of this species may change in the future due to the discovery of new populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Population one was found growing in heavily grazed pastureland near the Toktogul reservoir where habitat degradation is clearly an issue (Fig. 3). Populations two, three and four were found on steep slopes at higher elevation where grazing pressure is less but still present. Several other
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[797,954,338,364]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis box="[797,869,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tulipa</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occur in the same area, such as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1296,1447,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">T. tetraphylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Regel" authorityYear="1873" box="[136,237,375,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="greigii">T. greigii</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vvedensky" authorityYear="1935" box="[291,425,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Liliaceae" genus="Tulipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferganica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,425,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">T. ferganica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are already recognised as threatened in the Kyrgyz Red Book (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Davletkeldiev, D. D." box="[1213,1440,374,400]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref6073" refString="Davletkeldiev, D. D. (2006) Red Data Book of Kyrgyz Republic, second edition. Bishkek, FAO NFPF." type="book" year="2006">Davletkeldiev 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several of these are morphologically similar and could be easily mistaken for this species, so assessment of populations needs to be undertaken carefully.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1452,158,689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Populations of these other species have been reported to be under threat from livestock overgrazing across this area. This new species is also threatened by climate change that is predicted to lead to significant loss of tulip habitat across Central Asia through changes in rainfall and temperature patterns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson, B. & Dolotbakov, A. & Burgess, B. J. & Clubbe, C. & Lazkov, G. & Shalpykov, K. & Ganybaeva, M. & Sultangaziev, O. & Brockington, S. F." box="[973,1190,554,580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1705 - 1730" refId="ref8363" refString="Wilson, B., Dolotbakov, A., Burgess, B. J., Clubbe, C., Lazkov, G., Shalpykov, K., Ganybaeva, M., Sultangaziev, O. & Brockington, S. F. (2021) Central Asian wild tulip conservation requires a regional approach, especially in the face of climate change. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 1705 - 1730. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10531 - 021 - 02165 - z" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1121,554,580]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Finally, opportunistic collection of wild tulips has also been observed in the Toktogul area, which may lead to diminishing wild populations. However, collecting occurs only at a small scale only near settlements, and there is no established trade driving extreme specimen removal and likely only a minor threat for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |