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<document id="2062C36E7761791F3F12065214CE99E3" ID-CLB-Dataset="303205" ID-DOI="10.25226/bboc.v140i1.2020.a3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f12ce80e-b597-4bd4-9abb-aa909057cb15" ID-ISSN="2513-9894" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13755707" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="karina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="karina" IM.tables_approvedBy="karina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1718071637822" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Silva, Héctor Gómez de, Pérez Villafaña, Mónica G., Cruz-Nieto, Javier &amp; Cruz-Nieto, Miguel Ángel" docDate="2020" docId="0381A348FFD5CB3036CAA8573DF2FD9C" docLanguage="en" docName="BullBritOrnitholClub.140.1.7-37.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the British Ornithologists Club 140 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223.2:BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="EFA7F293C51FD4806C5290561C16F223" docStyleName="BullBritOrnitholClub.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Forpus cyanopygius subsp. insularis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFB8DB30FFDACB21365AAD593D0DFFC5" masterDocTitle="Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="7" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1726425381095" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="246399F9FF89ABC0B7E56E0629A78718">Are some of the birds endemic to the Tres Marías Islands (Mexico) species?</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E4AABA8086EF19859ED5BAAD3338C6D">Silva, Héctor Gómez de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF17F3BA53699C42489582EB88BAC909">Cruz-Nieto, Javier</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0381A348FFD5CB3036CAA8573DF2FD9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13765616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13765616" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0381A348FFD5CB3036CAA8573DF2FD9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0381A348FFD5CB3036CAA8573DF2FD9C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFD5CB2E36CAA8573FFCFAE3" box="[144,753,1294,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD5CB2E36CAA8573FFCFAE3" blockId="15.[144,1165,1294,1702]" box="[144,753,1294,1318]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">
MEXICAN PARROTLET
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD5CB2E37E6A8563FFCFAE3" ID-CoL="5HD5D" box="[444,753,1294,1318]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cyanopygius" subSpecies="insularis">Forpus cyanopygius insularis</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33241D5FFD5CB3034A0A8563DF2FD9C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD5CB2E34A0A8563DEBFA83" blockId="15.[144,1165,1294,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">
(vs.
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD5CB2E3576A856395CFAE3" ID-CoL="5HD5D" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[812,1105,1294,1318]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cyanopygius" subSpecies="insularis">F. c. cyanopygius / pallidus</taxonomicName>
total score 7)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFD5CB3036CAA8173E65FE5C" blockId="15.[144,1165,1294,1702]" lastBlockId="17.[144,1165,129,601]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD5CB2E36CAA8173DF1FAA3" box="[144,252,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">Coloration</emphasis>
.—Males have breast, belly, neck-sides and postocular region pale malachitegreen, somewhat glaucous, contrasting strongly with the yellowish-green or apple-green cheeks, throat, forehead and forecrown vs. apple-green underparts in slight contrast (if any) with the face colour (
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFD5CB2E372CA8F73CFCFA03" box="[374,497,1454,1478]" captionStart-0="Figure 11" captionStart-1="Figure 12" captionStartId-0="16.[144,205,727,746]" captionStartId-1="16.[144,205,1612,1631]" captionTargetBox-0="[144,1164,129,711]" captionTargetBox-1="[144,1108,865,1596]" captionTargetId-0="figure-122@16.[141,1167,126,714]" captionTargetId-1="figure-72@16.[144,1164,845,1596]" captionTargetPageId-0="16" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionText-0="Figure 11. Pair of Mexican Parrotlets Forpus cyanopygius insularis copulating, Isla María Cleofas, May 2016; note the males pale malachite-green underparts, neck-sides and postocular region contrasting with the yellower green cheeks, throat, forehead and forecrown, and that the males undertail-coverts are not concolorous with the breast and belly (contra Grant 1965a) (Javier Cruz Nieto)" captionText-1="Figure 12. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México specimens of Mexican Parrotlet Forpus cyanopygius from Nayarit; the two specimens on the right are adult male insularis, their malachitegreen breast and belly contrasts strongly with the throat, unlike in cyanopygius specimens (Héctor Gómez de Silva)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755725" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755727" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13755725/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13755727/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">Figs. 1112</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD5CB2E37A0A8F73F94FA03" author="Ridgway, R." box="[506,665,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">Ridgway 1911</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD5CB2E34F8A8F73E24FA03" author="Grant, P. R." box="[674,809,1454,1478]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
, based on
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD5CB2E35C3A8F73EE2FA03" box="[921,1007,1454,1478]" count="21" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="male">21 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD5CB2E3279A8F73981FA03" box="[1059,1164,1454,1478]" count="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="female">15 female</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD5CB2E36CAA8973DE7FA23" box="[144,234,1486,1510]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD5CB2E36CAA8973DE7FA23" box="[144,234,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs.
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD5CB2E3742A8973C7DFA23" box="[280,368,1486,1510]" count="20" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="male">20 male</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D2ED9D7FFD5CB2E37F3A8973F18FA23" box="[425,533,1486,1510]" count="31" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" type="female">31 female</specimenCount>
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD5CB2E3447A8963F90FA23" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[541,669,1487,1510]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD5CB2E3447A8963F90FA23" box="[541,669,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">cyanopygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, www.inaturalist.org/observations/5258308, www.inaturalist.org/observations/5258315 [score 2]). This coloration is similar to male Pacific Parrotlet
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFD5CB2E3713AB563CB4F9E3" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[329,441,1550,1574]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coelestis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFD5CB2E3713AB563CB4F9E3" box="[329,441,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">F. coelestis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of western
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD5CB2E341BAB573F92F9E3" box="[577,671,1550,1574]" name="Ecuador" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and north-west
<collectingCountry id="F33F52CEFFD5CB2E3507AB563E9CF9E3" box="[861,913,1551,1574]" name="Peru" pageId="15" pageNumber="21">Peru</collectingCountry>
(e.g., www.hbw.com/ ibc/photo/pacific-parrotlet-forpus-coelestis/close-pacific-parrotlet and www.hbw.com/ibc/ photo/pacific-parrotlet-forpus-coelestis/male; the illustration of the later species in del
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD5CB2E36CAAB363C79F943" author="Hoyo, J. &amp; Collar, N. J." box="[144,372,1646,1671]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" refId="ref15056" refString="del Hoyo, J. &amp; Collar, N. J. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International illustrated checklist of the birds of the world, vol. 1. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona." type="journal volume" year="2014">Hoyo &amp; Collar 2014</bibRefCitation>
is inaccurate). Rump, lower back and greater coverts of males bright cerulean blue vs. bright turquoise-blue (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD5CB2E340FABD73FFAF963" author="Ridgway, R." box="[597,759,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">Ridgway 1911</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFD5CB2E3558ABD73E87F963" author="Grant, P. R." box="[770,906,1678,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
[score 1]). Secondaries and proximal primaries darker and duller blue, edged cerulean blue vs. greenish blue (nearly cerulean blue) edged distally with pale yellowish green (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303529ADF83918FF7C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[883,1045,161,185]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">Ridgway 1911</bibRefCitation>
[score 2]). A. J. Grayson (
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303769AD9B3C45FF1C" box="[307,328,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">in</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303715AD983CF4FF1C" author="Lawrence, G. N." box="[335,505,193,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="261 - 286" refId="ref15572" refString="Lawrence, G. N. 1872. On the physical geography and natural history of the Tres Marias and of Socorro, off the western coast of Mexico. By Col. Andrew J. Grayson. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 14: 261 - 286." type="journal article" year="1872">Lawrence 1872</bibRefCitation>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303450AD983FC8FF1C" author="Lawrence, G. N." box="[522,709,193,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="261 - 286" refId="ref15572" refString="Lawrence, G. N. 1872. On the physical geography and natural history of the Tres Marias and of Socorro, off the western coast of Mexico. By Col. Andrew J. Grayson. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 14: 261 - 286." type="journal article" year="1872">Lawrence (1872)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303495AD983E75FF1C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[719,888,193,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="529 - 548" refId="ref16655" refString="Ridgway, R. 1888. A review of the genus Psitacula of Brisson. Proc. US Natl. Mus. 10: 529 - 548." type="journal article" year="1888">Ridgway (1888</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB3035D8AD983EBBFF1C" author="Ridgway, R." box="[898,950,193,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB3035AFAD983981FF1C" author="Grant, P. R." box="[1013,1164,193,217]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
described the upperparts of both sexes of
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303432ADB83FCFFF3C" box="[616,706,225,249]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303432ADB83FCFFF3C" box="[616,706,225,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as darker and more glaucous green (not scored, we are unable to discern this difference in the three
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB30351DAC583EACFEDC" box="[839,929,257,281]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB30351DAC583EACFEDC" box="[839,929,257,281]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. six
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3035A1AC5B3976FEDC" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[1019,1147,258,281]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3035A1AC5B3976FEDC" box="[1019,1147,258,281]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">cyanopygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3036CAAC783DEFFEFC" box="[144,226,289,313]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
specimens at IBUNAM).
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303459AC783F96FEFC" author="Grant, P. R." box="[515,667,289,313]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant (1965a)</bibRefCitation>
added that the flanks and undertail-coverts are the same colour as the breast / belly in all
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3034CAAC183FE7FE9C" box="[656,746,321,345]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034CAAC183FE7FE9C" box="[656,746,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males in his sample, but the detailed description of
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303766AC383C9BFEBC" box="[316,406,353,377]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303766AC383C9BFEBC" box="[316,406,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB303793AC383F72FEBC" author="Ridgway, R." box="[457,639,353,377]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="1 - 859" refId="ref16802" refString="Ridgway, R. 1911. The birds of North and Middle America. Bull. US Natl. Mus. 50 (5): 1 - 859." type="journal article" year="1911">Ridgway (1911)</bibRefCitation>
, the two IBUNAM specimens of adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3036CAACD83DE7FE5C" box="[144,234,385,409]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3036CAACD83DE7FE5C" box="[144,234,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and our field photographs (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13130EDBFFCBCB303439ACD83FA0FE5C" box="[611,685,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="16.[144,205,727,746]" captionTargetBox="[144,1164,129,711]" captionTargetId="figure-122@16.[141,1167,126,714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 11. Pair of Mexican Parrotlets Forpus cyanopygius insularis copulating, Isla María Cleofas, May 2016; note the males pale malachite-green underparts, neck-sides and postocular region contrasting with the yellower green cheeks, throat, forehead and forecrown, and that the males undertail-coverts are not concolorous with the breast and belly (contra Grant 1965a) (Javier Cruz Nieto)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13755725/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) contradict that.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF5742D6FFCACB3136CAAF8E3E7FFCF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755725" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13755725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13755725/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" startId="16.[144,205,727,746]" targetBox="[144,1164,129,711]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCACB3136CAAF8E3E7FFCF1" blockId="16.[144,1164,727,820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">
Figure 11. Pair of Mexican Parrotlets
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCACB313455AF8E3E17FD2F" box="[527,794,727,746]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="cyanopygius" subSpecies="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCACB313455AF8E3E17FD2F" box="[527,794,727,746]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">Forpus cyanopygius insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
copulating, Isla María Cleofas, May 2016; note the males pale malachite-green underparts, neck-sides and postocular region contrasting with the yellower green cheeks, throat, forehead and forecrown, and that the males undertail-coverts are not concolorous with the breast and belly (
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCACB31345BAE7B3F35FCF1" box="[513,568,802,820]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">contra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCACB313464AE783FBCFCF1" author="Grant, P. R." box="[574,689,801,820]" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref14491" refString="Grant, P. R. 1965 a. A systematic study of the terrestrial birds of the Tres Marias Islands, Mexico. Postilla 90: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1965">Grant 1965a</bibRefCitation>
) (Javier Cruz Nieto)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5742D6FFCACB3136CAAB153DECF96F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13755727" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13755727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13755727/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" startId="16.[144,205,1612,1631]" targetBox="[144,1108,865,1596]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCACB3136CAAB153DECF96F" blockId="16.[144,1164,1612,1706]" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">
Figure 12. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México specimens of Mexican Parrotlet
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCACB3136CAAB3F3C4DF9BD" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[144,320,1638,1656]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCACB3136CAAB3F3C4DF9BD" box="[144,320,1638,1656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">Forpus cyanopygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Nayarit; the two specimens on the right are adult male
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCACB3135C6AB3C3EE5F9BD" box="[924,1000,1637,1656]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCACB3135C6AB3C3EE5F9BD" box="[924,1000,1637,1656]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, their malachitegreen breast and belly contrasts strongly with the throat, unlike in
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCACB313546AB273E85F955" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[796,904,1662,1680]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCACB313546AB273E85F955" box="[796,904,1662,1680]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="22">cyanopygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens (Héctor Gómez de Silva)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCBCB30369AACF83E73FE7C" blockId="17.[144,1165,129,601]" box="[192,894,417,441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB30369AACF83C50FE7C" box="[192,349,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Morphometrics</emphasis>
.—Larger in all external measurements (score 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B97125EFFCBCB30369AAC983DF2FD9C" blockId="17.[144,1165,129,601]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB30369AAC983CBDFE1C" box="[192,432,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">Additional information</emphasis>
.—Smith
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303446AC9B3F47FE1C" box="[540,586,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">et al</emphasis>
.s (2012) molecular study found that
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB303258AC983951FE1C" box="[1026,1116,449,473]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303258AC983951FE1C" box="[1026,1116,449,473]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has diverged more from a common ancestor than
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3034CEACBB3E19FE3C" baseAuthorityName="Souance" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[660,788,482,505]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanopygius">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034CEACBB3E19FE3C" box="[660,788,482,505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">cyanopygius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB303570ACB83E71FE3C" box="[810,892,481,505]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">pallidus</emphasis>
, consistent with a faster rate of divergence in small, isolated populations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB96FAFFFCBCB3034EEAF583E48FDDC" author="Woolfit M." box="[692,837,513,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" pagination="417 - 420" refId="ref17582" refString="Woolfit M. 2009. Effective population size and the rate and patern of nucleotide substitution. Biol. Let. 5: 417 - 420." type="journal article" year="2009">Woolfit 2009</bibRefCitation>
), and the Bayesian modelling programme BP&amp;B assigned the probability of
<taxonomicName id="4C2869DDFFCBCB3034F9AF783FF0FDFC" box="[675,765,545,569]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Forpus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="insularis">
<emphasis id="B95CCE4CFFCBCB3034F9AF783FF0FDFC" box="[675,765,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="23">insularis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
being a separate species as higher than 95%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>