623 lines
87 KiB
XML
623 lines
87 KiB
XML
<document id="F88ED18E791021315CD4847B17947193" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria hauicola" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="93802A03BFBE002A42D9163DC8ACC701">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F6C178C93D1B6C72461B6CEE3CE69499">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="177A0BD1D84076375C7F42CF7736849D">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="633EB6333EAE1BFA086A5BEA0ABD0A2A">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683572" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002405" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB90758FF759349FDCEA66C" blockId="87.[151,784,1856,1919]" box="[151,583,1856,1883]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFB90758FF759349FDCEA66C" bold="true" box="[151,583,1856,1883]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB90758FF759349FDCEA66C" ID-CoL="4G8ND" authority="(Swezey, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,583,1856,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB90758FF759349FDCEA66C" bold="true" box="[151,583,1856,1883]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB90758FF759349FE00A66D" bold="true" box="[151,393,1856,1883]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Philodoria hauicola</emphasis>
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(Swezey, 1910)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB90758FF75936DFC99A648" box="[151,784,1892,1919]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB90758FF75936DFC99A648" blockId="87.[151,784,1856,1919]" box="[151,784,1892,1919]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FF75936DFE8FA648" box="[151,262,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,186,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[147,1440,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. urerana (Swezey, 1915) lectotype female, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower specimen on same mount as A), C P. hauicola (Swezey, 1910) lectotype male, D P. keahii sp. n. holotype male, E Wings of holotype, F Left forewing of paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681853/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Figs. 20C</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FEF0936DFEB7A648" box="[274,318,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">34F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FEAB936DFEF4A648" box="[329,381,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-20@69.[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">37D</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FE6A936DFE3DA649" box="[392,436,1892,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">50F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FE5D936DFE78A649" box="[447,497,1892,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">51D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FE1F936DFDB9A649" box="[509,560,1892,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">52D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FDD9936DFDE2A649" box="[571,619,1892,1919]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">59L</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FD95936DFD23A648" box="[631,682,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 77" captionStartId="139.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,185,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-20@139.[151,1436,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="139" captionText="FIGURE 77. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A P. hauicola, Oahu, CJ270, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, B–D P. hibiscella, Oahu, CJ238, host: Hibisucs arnottianus, E P. marginestrigata, Molokai, CJ150, host: Lipochaeta rockii, F Same species, Molokai. CJ168/169, host: Sida fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681975/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">77A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FD57936DFD5DA648" box="[693,724,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">92</figureCitation>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB90758FD3D936DFC99A648" box="[735,784,1892,1918]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="generic">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB90758FD3D936DFC85A648" box="[735,780,1892,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">93F</figureCitation>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB90757FF7593AAFD96A184" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB90758FF7593AAFC0BA68D" blockId="87.[151,1089,1955,2041]" box="[151,898,1955,1979]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFB90758FF7593AAFC0BA68D" box="[151,898,1955,1979]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB90758FF7593AAFDA5A68D" authority="Swezey, 1910: 106" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="106" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,556,1955,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB90758FF7593AAFEEAA68D" box="[151,355,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gracilaria hauicola</emphasis>
|
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Swezey, 1910: 106
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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; pl. 3, fig. 5;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFB90758FD5193AAFCF4A68D" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[691,893,1955,1979]" page="224" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1913">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB90758FD5193AAFCF4A68D" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[691,893,1955,1979]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey 1913b: 224</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB90758FF7593CAFD5BA6EC" blockId="87.[151,1089,1955,2041]" box="[151,722,1986,2010]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFB90758FF7593CAFD5BA6EC" box="[151,722,1986,2010]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB90758FF7593CAFD8CA6EC" authority="(Swezey, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,517,1986,2010]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB90758FF7593CAFED6A6EC" box="[151,351,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Parectopa hauicola</emphasis>
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(Swezey, 1910)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFB90758FDF293CBFD47A6EC" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[528,718,1986,2010]" page="190" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1928">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB90758FDF293CBFD47A6EC" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[528,718,1986,2010]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" pagination="187 - 191" refId="ref102595" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1928) Some new species of lepidopterous leaf-miners in Hawaii. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 7 (1), 187 - 191." type="journal article" year="1928">Swezey 1928: 190</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FFB90757FF7593E8FD96A184" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB90758FF7593E8FBC8A6CF" blockId="87.[151,1089,1955,2041]" box="[151,1089,2017,2041]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB90758FF7593E8FD83A6CF" ID-CoL="4G8ND" authority="(Swezey, 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[151,522,2017,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB90758FF7593E8FEEDA6CF" box="[151,356,2017,2041]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Philodoria hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFFB90758FDF793E8FC85A6CF" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[533,780,2017,2041]" page="680" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB90758FDF793E8FC85A6CF" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[533,780,2017,2041]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 680</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 437, 438, 442, 448, 454.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF75949EFD96A184" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" box="[151,543,150,178]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF75949EFEBFA186" bold="true" box="[151,310,150,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FF75949EFF5BA187" box="[151,210,151,177]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FEDE949EFE41A187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FEDE949EFE41A187" box="[316,456,151,177]" name="Mt. Tantalus" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mt. Tantalus</location>
|
||
(Oahu)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB60757FF2594B5FC1EA2A7" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF2594B5FE5AA35C" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF2594B5FEF5A1E3" bold="true" box="[199,380,187,214]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FE6894B5FE73A1E0" box="[394,506,188,214]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂, Tantalus, Oahu, [summer.1909], Coll. O.H.S [O.H. Swezey], ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FAD894B2FA15A1E3" box="[1338,1436,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FAD894B2FA15A1E3" box="[1338,1436,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FF4394E9FE89A1CC" box="[161,256,224,250]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF4394E9FE89A1CC" box="[161,256,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
], |TYPE OF 212
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FE2494E9FC8CA1CC" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1910" box="[454,773,224,250]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE2494E9FD2EA1CC" box="[454,679,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Gracilaria hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
Swezey
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
| in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FCD494E8FC0DA1CD" box="[822,900,225,251]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
(here designated).
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FBB994E9FB7AA1CC" box="[1115,1267,224,250]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
4♂, 4 (sex unknown); all specimens are same data and locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FD07950CFCC6A029" box="[741,847,261,287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; 2 (sex unknown), No. 34168, 34168 in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FAF7950FFAEFA016" box="[1301,1382,262,288]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 4♂, ex “hau” (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FEC39523FE60A072" box="[289,489,298,324]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FEC39523FE60A072" box="[289,489,298,324]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FDF49523FDE2A072" box="[534,619,298,324]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Described from an unspecified number of specimens from Mt. Tantalus, Oahu. In the original description, Swezey mentioned that “My specimens were reared from cocoons collected this summer on Tantalus”. We identified nine specimens, one labeled ‘TYPE’, and eight others. Given the manner in which the descriptions were written, Swezey likely considered the ‘TYPE’ specimen as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FB6A9591FB63A084" box="[1160,1258,408,434]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the remaining eight as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FEFC95B7FE05A0EE" box="[286,396,446,472]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, as noted in a caption by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FD4695B4FC4EA0EE" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[676,967,445,472]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a: 669)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. But because a
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FB9095B4FB5DA0E1" box="[1138,1236,445,471]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not specified explicitly in the description, the so-labeled types and
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FCE295EBFCE2A0CA" box="[768,875,482,508]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are can all be considered
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FB7E95EBFB77A0CA" box="[1180,1278,482,508]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 73.2 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FEBD960EFE6CA317" author="ICZN" box="[351,485,519,545]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FEBD960EFE2BA317" box="[351,418,519,545]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and any of them can be designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FC7D960EFB8FA317" box="[927,1030,519,545]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
under Article 74 of the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FABB960EFF5AA370" author="ICZN" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref101112" refString="ICZN (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. Fourth Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FABB960EFA15A317" box="[1369,1436,519,545]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FEF59625FEE7A370" box="[279,366,556,582]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen bearing the label ‘TYPE’ is here designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FC0E9622FBDAA373" box="[1004,1107,555,581]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FB839622FB4CA370" box="[1121,1221,555,582]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,186,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[147,1440,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. urerana (Swezey, 1915) lectotype female, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower specimen on same mount as A), C P. hauicola (Swezey, 1910) lectotype male, D P. keahii sp. n. holotype male, E Wings of holotype, F Left forewing of paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681853/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the remaining
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FF759658FF70A35D" box="[151,249,593,619]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FECB9659FE47A35C" box="[297,462,592,618]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF25967CFC1EA2A7" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF25967CFE30A3B9" bold="true" box="[199,441,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
27 (9♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FDFE967CFDC7A3B9" box="[540,590,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8 sex unknown).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FCFB967CFCD5A3B9" bold="true" box="[793,860,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Oahu</emphasis>
|
||
: 4♂,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FC79967CFD81A382" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273390" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Coll. O. H. S & Hau" location="Waikiki" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FC79967CFC36A3B9" box="[923,959,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FC28967CFBACA3B9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FC28967CFBACA3B9" box="[970,1061,629,655]" name="Waikiki" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Waikiki</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FBD2967CFB3CA3B9" box="[1072,1205,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Coll. O.H.S</collectorName>
|
||
, ‘
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FB27967CFB70A3B9" box="[1221,1273,629,655]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hau</collectorName>
|
||
tree’ (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FAB4967CFEAAA382" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FAB4967CFEAAA382" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), 3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FE8E9693FE06A382" box="[364,399,666,692]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FE569693FD81A382" box="[436,520,666,692]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FDF69693FCFEA382" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273378" box="[532,887,666,692]" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="BPBM34167" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
1♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FDA79693FDE1A382" box="[581,616,666,692]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK694♂|
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FFB60757FD389693FCFEA382" box="[730,887,666,692]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">BPBM34167</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FC619693FB6CA3EF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273409" collectionCode="USNM" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="695" specimenCount-female="695">
|
||
5♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FC569693FC50A382" box="[948,985,666,692]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 6 (sex unknown), Kaneohe T.H., ‘ISS.’ (= adult emrged)
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FE8196B7FE6CA3EF" box="[355,485,702,729]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="1915-07-27">27.vii.1915</date>
|
||
, Aug. Busck Collector, “Leaf mines on Hau”, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FBC996B7FBEFA3EF" box="[1067,1126,702,729]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">695♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FB7296B6FB6CA3EF" box="[1168,1253,703,729]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FB1096B6FE3DA215" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273366" collectingDate="2016-05-03" collectingDateMax="2016-05-21" collectingDateMin="2016-05-03" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="S. Kobayashi" location="Nuuanu Pali" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FB1096B6FA9FA3EF" box="[1266,1302,703,729]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown),
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FF1996EDFE00A3CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FF1996EDFE00A3CB" box="[251,393,739,766]" name="Nuuanu Pali" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Nuuanu Pali</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FE7796EAFDA4A3CB" box="[405,557,739,765]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-05-16" valueMax="2016-05-21" valueMin="2016-05-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FE7796EAFDA4A3CB" box="[405,557,739,765]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-05-16" valueMax="2016-05-21" valueMin="2016-05-16">16–21.v.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
em.,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FD8E96EDFC8BA3CB" box="[620,770,739,766]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">S. Kobayashi</collectorName>
|
||
leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FC9D96EDFB88A3CB" box="[895,1025,739,765]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FC9D96EDFB88A3CB" box="[895,1025,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">H. tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FBED96EAFBE6A3C8" box="[1039,1135,739,766]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FBED96EAFBE6A3C8" box="[1039,1135,739,766]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-05-03">3.v.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(larva), SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FB1296EAFAA4A3CB" box="[1264,1325,739,765]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">618♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FA8296EAFA15A3CB" box="[1376,1436,739,765]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">619♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/ SK750(head) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FE819700FE3DA215" box="[355,436,777,803]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FE239701FB9DA27E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273352" accessionNumber="KT982405" collectingDate="2013-04-14" collectingDateMax="2013-04-29" collectingDateMin="2013-04-14" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="C. A. Johns" location="Maui" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE239701FD88A214" bold="true" box="[449,513,776,802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FE239701FD88A214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FE239701FD88A214" box="[449,513,776,802]" name="Maui" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Maui</location>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FDF39701FDBDA214" box="[529,564,776,802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown),
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FCF39700FC0FA214" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FCF39700FC0FA214" box="[785,902,776,803]" name="Iao Valley" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Iao Valley</location>
|
||
, 26&
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FC269701FBB0A214" box="[964,1081,776,802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2013-04-29">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FC269701FBB0A214" box="[964,1081,776,802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2013-04-29">29.iv.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FB4A9701FAACA214" box="[1192,1317,776,802]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">C.A. Johns</collectorName>
|
||
leg., host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FF759727FE90A271" box="[151,281,813,839]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF759727FE90A271" box="[151,281,813,839]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">H. tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FEC59724FE29A271" box="[295,416,813,839]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2013-04-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FEC59724FE29A271" box="[295,416,813,839]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2013-04-14">14.iv.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, CJ065 (sex unknown) /
|
||
<accessionNumber id="947AAB3EFFB60757FD589724FCBFA27E" box="[698,822,813,840]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KT982405" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">KT982405</accessionNumber>
|
||
, CJ087
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFB60757FC729724FC17A271" box="[912,926,813,839]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FC219727FB9DA27E" box="[963,1044,814,840]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FFB60757FBFD9724FC1DA2A7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273318" collectingDate="1976-07-20" collectingDateMax="2016-09" collectingDateMin="1976-07-20" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="K. & E. Sattler " county="Big Island" location="Park" municipality="Volcanoes Natn." pageId="88" pageNumber="89" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FBFD9724FBFCA271" bold="true" box="[1055,1141,813,839]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB60757FBFD9724FBFCA271" box="[1055,1141,813,839]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E51FFB60757FB669724FA89A27E" box="[1156,1280,813,840]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Big Island</collectingCounty>
|
||
): 1♂,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB60757FAA69724FA11A271" box="[1348,1432,813,839]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 0-50’,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACA7FFB60757FF03975BFE11A25A" box="[225,408,850,876]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Volcanoes Natn.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
[National]
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FDF5975BFDC4A25A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FDF5975BFDC4A25A" box="[535,589,850,876]" county="Big Island" municipality="Volcanoes Natn." name="Park" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" stateProvince="Hawaii">Park</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EF66006FFB60757FDBA975BFC89A25A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFB90756FF759349FD8BA39F:8EF66006FFB60757FDBA975BFC89A25A" box="[600,768,850,876]" county="Big Island" municipality="Volcanoes Natn." name="Poupou Kauka" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" stateProvince="Hawaii">Poupou Kauka</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FCE9975BFC04A25A" box="[779,909,850,876]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="1976-07-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FCE9975BFC04A25A" box="[779,909,850,876]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="1976-07-20">20.vii.1976</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FC7A975BFBC9A25A" box="[920,1088,850,876]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">K. & E. Sattler</collectorName>
|
||
, B.M.1976-605,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FB1E975BFAFCA25A" box="[1276,1397,850,876]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FB1E975BFAFCA25A" box="[1276,1397,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 17 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB60757FF20977EFE91A2A4" box="[194,280,887,914]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26DC530BFFB60757FECE977EFE2DA2A7" box="[300,420,887,913]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">D. C. Lees</collectorName>
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFB60757FE48977EFD94A2A7" box="[426,541,887,913]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD3E9F5FFB60757FE48977EFD94A2A7" box="[426,541,887,913]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FD42977FFC96A2A7" box="[672,799,886,913]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1179877" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="1621255.0">1621255 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFB60757FCC4977EFC1DA2A7" box="[806,916,887,913]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB60757FF259792FB76A536" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF259792FB76A536" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF259792FECBA283" bold="true" box="[199,322,923,949]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from other congeners by having a lemon-yellow streak from costal fold to 2/5, then obliquely, at 3/5 to middle the forewing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FD8097C9FD40A2EC" box="[610,713,960,986]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,186,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[147,1440,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. urerana (Swezey, 1915) lectotype female, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower specimen on same mount as A), C P. hauicola (Swezey, 1910) lectotype male, D P. keahii sp. n. holotype male, E Wings of holotype, F Left forewing of paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681853/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
); the male genitalia having a rather short and broad phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FA8D97C9FF45A536" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
|
||
); the female genitalia having two small pod-like signa with a series of minute spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FB6F97ECFB7AA536" box="[1165,1267,997,1024]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 59L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB60757FF259003FB19A747" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF259003FC77A413" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF259003FE4BA512" bold="true" box="[199,450,1034,1060]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FE369003FDCCA512" box="[468,581,1034,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[153,1432,186,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-23@38.[147,1440,181,1630]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 20. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. urerana (Swezey, 1915) lectotype female, one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), B Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower specimen on same mount as A), C P. hauicola (Swezey, 1910) lectotype male, D P. keahii sp. n. holotype male, E Wings of holotype, F Left forewing of paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681853/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FDB19003FDF6A512" box="[595,639,1034,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">34F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FD6E9003FD49A512" box="[652,704,1034,1060]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-20@69.[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">37D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Wingspan
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FCAC9003FC25A512" box="[846,940,1034,1060]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in type series; forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FAFB9003FAF7A512" box="[1305,1406,1034,1061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.25">3.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FF759026FE88A57F" box="[151,257,1071,1097]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FEE99026FE18A57F" box="[267,401,1071,1097]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.8">2.8–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFB60757FE509026FDDEA57F" box="[434,599,1071,1097]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head dirty white; frons white; maxillary palpus brown; labial palpus white ocherous, apex of median segment and apical half of terminal segment brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FBD2905AFB17A558" box="[1072,1182,1107,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="65.[151,250,848,872]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,187,820]" captionTargetId="figure-20@65.[154,1434,181,825]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681887" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681887/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 34F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FB4E905DFB69A558" box="[1196,1248,1108,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-20@69.[157,1429,199,1566]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="FIGURE 37. Illustrations of the head of Philodoria. A P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host: Metrosideros polymorpha, B P. lysimachiella, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, C P. marginestrigata (sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host: Abutilon grandiflorum, D P. hauicola, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host: Hibiscus tiliaceus. ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">37D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna white ringed with brown, basal segment white, a little longer than forewing. Thorax and abdomen pale brown above, white below. Forewing brown with a lemon-yellow streak from costal fold to 2/5, then obliquely, at 3/5 to middle to connect with oblique white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE4190CBFE5FA5D4" bold="true" box="[419,470,1218,1250]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB60757FE5C90DDFE5FA5D4" attach="right" box="[446,470,1236,1250]" fontSize="6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">1, 2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE0690CBFD8FA5D4" bold="true" box="[484,518,1218,1250]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB60757FE1C90DDFD8FA5D4" attach="left" box="[510,518,1236,1250]" fontSize="6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 2/5,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FDB490CBFDF1A5D4" bold="true" box="[598,632,1218,1250]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB60757FD9290DDFDF1A5D4" attach="left" box="[624,632,1236,1250]" fontSize="6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 1/4 almost reaches the yellow streak; a short outwardly oblique white
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF7590EEFF3EA431" bold="true" box="[151,183,1255,1287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB60757FF4D90F0FF3EA431" attach="left" box="[175,183,1273,1287]" fontSize="6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 3/5, almost meeting
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE2390EEFE6AA431" bold="true" box="[449,483,1255,1287]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFB60757FE3990F0FE6AA431" attach="left" box="[475,483,1273,1287]" fontSize="6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; apical portion lemon yellow with two or three costal white lines (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FB3490EEFA94A437" bold="true" box="[1238,1309,1255,1281]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
); cilia pale brown. Hindwing and cilia dark fuscous. Legs brown, tarsi ringed with white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF259139FC3BA48F" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF259139FEFAA47C" bold="true" box="[199,371,1328,1354]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FE619139FE66A47D" box="[387,495,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 50F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FE199139FDA7A47D" box="[507,558,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">51D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FDD99139FDE4A47D" box="[571,621,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">52D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=1). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FCCE9139FC0EA47D" box="[812,903,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="650.0">650 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FA909139FF34A446" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="460.0">460 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, digitiform and slightly narrowing at middle and rounded at apex and slightly curved toward dorsal side (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FF429173FE8BA4A3" box="[160,258,1402,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="92.[151,250,1673,1697]" captionTargetBox="[158,1427,187,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-23@92.[151,1436,181,1650]" captionTargetPageId="92" captionText="FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681919/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 50F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus very slender and needle-shaped in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FC9C9173FC6CA4A3" box="[894,997,1402,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 51" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1899,1923]" captionTargetBox="[224,1359,203,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-20@93.[207,1381,181,1876]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681921/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 51D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FBAD9173FB2CA4A2" box="[1103,1189,1402,1428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="430.0">430 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and straight with rather small coecum; two series of minute cornuti in vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FCDE9196FC2CA48F" box="[828,933,1438,1465]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="94.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,190,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-23@94.[160,1427,181,1693]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681923" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681923/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 52D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF2591CDFB19A747" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF2591CDFE04A4EB" bold="true" box="[199,397,1475,1502]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FE7E91CAFE76A4E8" box="[412,511,1475,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 59" captionStartId="110.[151,250,1714,1738]" captionTargetBox="[166,1426,193,1682]" captionTargetId="figure-23@110.[151,1436,181,1690]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="FIGURE 59. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK708, host: Neraudia melastomifalia, B Same species, Maui, SK838, host: Pipturus albidus, C P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK710, host: Pipturus albidus, D Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK844 host: Pipturus sp., E P. urerana, paralectotype, SK672, F Philodoria sp. 1, SK835, G Same species, PHIL0021, H P. keahii, paratype, SK756, I P. funkae, holotype, SK761, J P. touchardiella, SK764, K P. keaensis, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK777, L P. hauicola, Oahu, SK618." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681937/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 59L</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=3).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FDB991CDFD49A4E8" box="[603,704,1476,1502]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1210.0">1210 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum broad, cup-shaped with a pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FDAF91E1FD69A735" box="[589,736,1512,1539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="185.0" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="180.0">180–190 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae broad, middle part weakly sclerotized, round and flat; terminal region of the ductus bursae tubular, biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FE4E923BFD8CA77A" box="[428,517,1586,1612]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="680.0">680 µm</quantity>
|
||
, pyriform; anterior end of corpus bursae weakly sclerotized; paired rows of longitudinal, partly sclerotized wrinkles; two small podlike signa with a series of minute spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB60757FF259272FB9EA7A0" box="[199,1047,1659,1686]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF259272FB9EA7A0" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" box="[199,1047,1659,1686]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF259272FEE8A7A3" bold="true" box="[199,353,1659,1685]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Kauai, Oahu, Maui and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB60757FD969272FD4CA7A3" box="[628,709,1659,1685]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big island) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FC829275FB83A7A0" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[864,1034,1659,1686]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="106" refId="ref102309" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1910 b) Some new species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (3), 106." type="journal article" year="1910">Swezey 1910b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB60756FF2592A9FE0EA077" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60757FF2592A9FC1BA78D" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" box="[199,914,1696,1723]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF2592A9FEDFA78C" bold="true" box="[199,342,1696,1722]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FEBF92A9FE52A78C" box="[349,475,1696,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FE0792A9FD24A78C" box="[485,685,1696,1722]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE0792A9FD24A78C" box="[485,685,1696,1722]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FD3992A9FC0CA78D" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[731,901,1696,1723]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="106" refId="ref102309" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1910 b) Some new species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (3), 106." type="journal article" year="1910">Swezey 1910b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB60756FF2592CCFC55A1E3" blockId="88.[151,1437,150,2017]" lastBlockId="89.[151,1437,150,681]" lastPageId="89" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FF2592CCFEAEA7E9" bold="true" box="[199,295,1733,1759]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FEDB92CCFE10A7E9" box="[313,409,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Figs. 92</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FE4592CCFE5EA7E9" box="[423,471,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 93" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1435,1459]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,189,1406]" captionTargetId="figure-20@155.[151,1435,181,1411]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 93. Mines of Philodoria species with thier Malvaceae host plants, Oahu. A, B, D, E: P. hibiscella, host: Hibiscus arnottianus, C P. marginestrigata, host: Sida fallax, F P. hauicola, host: Hibiscus tilaceus, D Mine of late instar larva, E Cocoon on the adaxial side of leaf, F Old mine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682017/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">93F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB60757FE0E92CCFD68A7E9" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[492,737,1733,1759]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="221 - 227" refId="ref102406" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1913 b) Leaf-miners of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (5), 221 - 227." type="journal article" year="1913">Swezey (1913b: 224)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that “this species very abundantly mines the leaves of the "hau" tree,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FE8392E2FDB5A632" box="[353,572,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Partitium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FE8392E2FDB5A632" box="[353,572,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Partitium tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB60757FD8792E3FCA7A632" box="[613,814,1770,1796]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB60757FD8792E3FCA7A632" box="[613,814,1770,1796]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), in the mountains, and the lowlands as well, of all the Islands. There are often many mines per leaf. The larvae emerge to pupate in white oval cocoons on the surface of leaves and other objects”. We observed larvae forming a linear-blotch mine beginning with a very slender, linear shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FF0B9351FEFAA645" box="[233,371,1880,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) that gradually expanded as they fed and grew (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FC449351FBA0A645" box="[934,1065,1880,1907]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). In early instars, linear mine is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FF759374FE9DA6AE" box="[151,276,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FE519374FD99A6AE" box="[435,528,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width; frass is brown and
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FCB69374FC52A6AE" box="[852,987,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width. Later blotch mine is
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FAD09374FA14A6AE" box="[1330,1437,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FEEA93ABFEEFA68A" box="[264,358,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Usually 5–15 mines per leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FD5D93ABFCC1A68A" box="[703,840,1954,1980]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva pale yellow, first to second instars are
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB60757FAAA93ABFF4AA6D7" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FEE993CEFEFBA6D7" box="[267,370,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and late instar is 4.0–6.0 mm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB60757FCEC93CEFC0AA6D7" box="[782,899,1991,2017]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 92I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pupation in the white cocoon outside of mine, on the adaxial leaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB70756FE95949EFE76A187" box="[375,511,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 92" captionStartId="154.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,185,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-23@154.[155,1432,181,1462]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 92. Philodoria hauicola and its host plant, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Nuuanu Pali, Oahu. A–C Host plant leaves and mines, D, E Young mine, F Later mine, G Mine of young instar larva, H, I Mine of late instar larva, J Late instar with parasitoid larva, K, L Cocoon spinning by final instar larva." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682015/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 92K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFB70756FDF7949FFDE2A187" box="[533,619,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and 2.5–3.0 mm in width. At Iao Valley, Maui, we observed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FA6A949EFE8DA1E3" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FA6A949EFE8DA1E3" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">P. hibiscella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FED894B2FE31A1E3" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1910" box="[314,440,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FED894B2FE31A1E3" box="[314,440,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">P. hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occuring on the same host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FCB694B2FC5CA1E3" box="[852,981,187,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FCB694B2FC5CA1E3" box="[852,981,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">H. tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB70756FF2594D7FE0EA077" blockId="89.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FF2594D7FEDDA1CE" bold="true" box="[199,340,222,248]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFB70756FE8194D6FE70A1CC" box="[355,505,223,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 106" captionStartId="168.[151,250,1396,1420]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,183,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-23@168.[151,1436,181,1373]" captionTargetPageId="168" captionText="FIGURE 106. Parasitoid wasps that emerged from Philodoria that mine Hibiscus. A–D, G, H: unidentified species, E, F: Braconidae, I–N: Chalcidoidea. A SKH8-3-A from P. hauicola on Hibiscus tilaceus, Oahu, B SKH-8-3-B, C, D SKH-8-3-C, E, F SKH-8-11-A, same data as SKH-8-3, G, H CJ272 from P. hauicola or P. hibiscella on H. tilaceus, Oahu, I, J CJ236-1 from P. hibiscella on H. arnottianus, Oahu, K CJ236-2, L CJ236-3, M, N CJ469 from P. limahuliensis on H. waimaeae subsp. haneri, Kauai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682045/files/figure.png" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Fig. 106A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FDE994D6FD06A1CF" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[523,655,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FD7B94D6FBB1A1CF" authority="(Viereck, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[665,1080,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pholetesor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bedelliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FD7B94D6FC08A1CF" box="[665,897,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pholetesor bedelliae</emphasis>
|
||
(Viereck, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FBA694D6FB4EA1CF" box="[1092,1223,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FB3094D6FAE7A1CF" box="[1234,1390,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Closterocerus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FB3094D6FAE7A1CF" box="[1234,1390,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Closterocerus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FF75950AFDB5A02B" authority="(Ashmead, 1901)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,572,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Euderus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FF75950AFEE6A02B" box="[151,367,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Euderus metallicus</emphasis>
|
||
(Ashmead, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FDAB950AFC60A02B" authority="(Timberlake, 1927)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[585,1001,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Pnigalio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="externa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FDAB950AFC8CA02A" box="[585,773,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Pnigalio externa</emphasis>
|
||
(Timberlake, 1927)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FC17950AFE0AA077" authority="(Timberlake, 1926) (Zimmerman 1978 a)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" baseAuthorityName="Timberlake" baseAuthorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Sympiesis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FC17950AFB32A02A" box="[1013,1211,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Sympiesis vagans</emphasis>
|
||
(Timberlake, 1926) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB70756FF7C952EFEF2A077" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[158,379,295,321]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFB70756FF259542FD8BA39F" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFB70756FF259542FD8BA39F" blockId="89.[151,1437,150,681]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FF259542FEB2A053" bold="true" box="[199,315,331,357]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB70756FEA69542FDB8A053" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[324,561,331,357]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="106" refId="ref102309" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1910 b) Some new species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2 (3), 106." type="journal article" year="1910">Swezey (1910b: 106</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB70756FDDD9543FD2DA053" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[575,676,330,357]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref102790" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1954) Forest entomology in Hawaii. An annotated check-list of the insect faunas of the various components of the Hawaiian forests. Bishop Museum Special Publication 44. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, 266 pp." type="book" year="1954">1954: 88</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported larval mines and similar mines on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FB4B9542FA82A053" box="[1193,1291,331,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FB4B9542FA82A053" box="[1193,1291,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “This moth I have named from the ‘hau’ tree (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FDFE9566FD66A0BF" box="[540,751,367,393]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Paritium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FDFE9566FD66A0BF" box="[540,751,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Paritium tiliaceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) whose leaves its larvae mine quite extensively. Some times one finds practically all of the leaves mined and often a dozen or more per leaf. It probably occurs on all the islands where the ‘hau’ tree occurs. I have observed it at Koloa, Kauai; Wailuku, Maui; Waikiki and Tantalus, Oahu. The white rounded-oval cocoons were found quite abundant on the surface of leaves, and also on fence-posts situated beneath ‘hau’ trees.” Based on his records, these mines could be from a number of currently recognized different
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FF75962AFE99A30B" box="[151,272,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FF75962AFE99A30B" box="[151,272,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species: Kauai:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FE2E962AFD08A30B" box="[460,641,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="limahuliensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FE2E962AFE54A30A" box="[460,477,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FE0E962AFD08A30B" box="[492,641,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">limahuliensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or undiscovered species, Oahu, Maui and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF83FFFB70756FB77962AFB6FA30B" box="[1173,1254,547,573]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Big island):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FA66962AFF70A357" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FA66962AFA1CA30A" box="[1412,1429,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FF75964EFF70A357" box="[151,249,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and/or
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FEB0964EFE6DA357" box="[338,484,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FEB0964EFE69A357" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[338,480,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hibiscella">P. hibiscella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FD42964EFCAAA357" box="[672,803,583,609]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FD42964EFCAAA357" box="[672,803,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">H. tiliaceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was probably introduced by early Polynesians, about a thousand years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB70756FE9F9662FDC2A3B3" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[381,587,619,645]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" pagination="137 - 138" refId="ref103134" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1960) Possible evidence of rapid evolution in Hawaiian moths. Evolution, 14 (1), 137 - 138. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1960. tb 03067. x" type="journal article" year="1960">Zimmerman 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFB70756FDB59662FD29A3B3" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[599,672,619,645]" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Interestingly, larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FC559662FBB0A3B3" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1910" box="[951,1081,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FC559662FC41A3B2" box="[951,968,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FC359662FBB0A3B3" box="[983,1081,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been observed on Hawaiian endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFB70756FEAD9686FE38A39F" box="[335,433,655,681]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="89" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFB70756FEAD9686FE38A39F" box="[335,433,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="89" pageNumber="90">Hibiscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |