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<document id="B44ACB0881FA4EC7D3E68C1C19840390" ID-CLB-Dataset="7393" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4944.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8adfa0f6-06a7-44b5-a3be-351d0bdc7a62" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681813" ID-ZooBank="380D2F75-D4F9-4974-97E2-25E0C62CB3B0" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615997073071" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. &amp; Kawahara, Akito Y." docDate="2021" docId="038087CBFF880768FF75923FFEB6A5F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4944.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4944 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Philodoria lipochaetaella" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FFB9FFB3FFEE070FFFE29409FF89A136" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1698933850732" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FDB9F0BBCE9F6B6338DE47DBD00D1CBF">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5F59F7A2E3927049B30D01F01044A669">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="24C1F48A8E32076B474A7A586E7D0A41">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="07E80DF0F7B660FD4CD282F96835CF25">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="038087CBFF880768FF75923FFEB6A5F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683282" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683282" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFF880768FF75923FFEB6A5F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFF880768FF75923FFEB6A5F2" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF880769FF75923FFD0FA766" box="[151,646,1590,1617]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF75923FFD0FA766" blockId="102.[151,646,1590,1653]" box="[151,646,1590,1617]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="D0DE81B1FF880769FF75923FFD0FA766" bold="true" box="[151,646,1590,1617]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FF75923FFD0FA766" ID-CoL="4G8NG" authority="(Swezey, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,646,1590,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF75923FFD0FA766" bold="true" box="[151,646,1590,1617]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF75923FFE41A767" bold="true" box="[151,456,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Philodoria lipochaetaella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF880769FE3A923FFDF7A766" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[472,638,1590,1616]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF880769FF759252FEE7A743" box="[151,366,1627,1653]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF759252FEE7A743" blockId="102.[151,646,1590,1653]" box="[151,366,1627,1653]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF880769FF759252FEA2A743" box="[151,299,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,187,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-20@43.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) paralectotype male (BPBM 34197), B P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) Lectotype female, left wings, C Same specimen, right wings, D P. lipochaetaella (Swezey, 1940) paralectotype male, one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), E Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), F Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), G Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681859/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs. 23D–G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF880769FED49252FEE3A743" box="[310,362,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,187,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-23@44.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 24. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lipochaetaella, specimens originally described as Parectopa lipochaetae Swezey, 1946, syntype male B P. sciallactis (Meyrick, 1928) lectotype male C Paralectotype male D Paralectotype female E Male left forewing of specimen CJ164, host: Melanthera kamolensis, Maui F Same specimen, right forewing G Male right forewing of specimen CJ189, host: Melanthera kamolensis, Maui H Philodoria sp. B nr. P. sciallactis (specimen CJ483, sex unknown) right forewing, host: Lipochaeta acris, Kauai. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681861/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">24A</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF880769FF7592A9FBCEA7E0" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF7592A9FDEDA781" blockId="102.[151,1095,1695,1750]" box="[151,612,1695,1719]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FF880769FF7592A9FDEDA781" box="[151,612,1695,1719]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF880769FF7592A9FDE9A781" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[151,608,1695,1719]" page="464" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="1940">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FF7592A9FDE9A781" authority="Swezey, 1940: 464" authorityName="Swezey" authorityPageNumber="464" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,608,1695,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF7592A9FE1EA781" box="[151,407,1695,1719]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Parectopa lipochaetaella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF880769FE7F9296FDE9A781" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[413,608,1695,1719]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940: 464</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF7592B7FBCEA7E0" blockId="102.[151,1095,1695,1750]" box="[151,1095,1726,1750]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3911F3FF880769FF7592B7FBCEA7E0" box="[151,1095,1726,1750]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FF7592B7FDCBA7E0" ID-CoL="4G8NG" authority="(Swezey, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[151,578,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF7592B7FE15A7E0" box="[151,412,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Philodoria lipochaetaella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF880769FE4892B7FDB5A7E0" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[426,572,1726,1750]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey, 1940</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8810CCFF880769FDAF92B7FCCDA7E0" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[589,836,1726,1750]" page="681" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF880769FDAF92B7FCCDA7E0" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[589,836,1726,1750]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a: 681</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 439, 442, 449, 455.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF880769FF75930DFBC4A6C0" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF75930DFD13A629" blockId="102.[151,1437,1796,2039]" box="[151,666,1796,1823]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF75930DFEBFA628" bold="true" box="[151,310,1796,1822]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FF75930DFF5BA628" box="[151,210,1796,1822]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
A gulch above
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FE06930DFD1FA629" authority="" box="[484,662,1796,1823]" class="Malacostraca" family="Epialtidae" genus="Lahaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Maui">Lahaina (Maui)</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF880769FF259321FBC4A6C0" blockId="102.[151,1437,1796,2039]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FF259321FEFDA674" bold="true" box="[199,372,1832,1858]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FE999320FE62A675" box="[379,491,1833,1859]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
♂, Gulch above Lahaina, Maui,
<date id="FF97101DFF880769FCB59321FC68A674" box="[855,993,1832,1858]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1929-08-28">28.viii.1929</date>
, O.H. Swezey Collector, host:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FAD59321FEA2A650" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lipochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larvarum">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FAD59321FEA2A650" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Lipochaeta larvarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, |
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF880769FEDC9345FBDEA651" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273374" box="[318,1111,1868,1895]" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FEDC9345FE23A650" box="[318,426,1868,1894]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF880769FE519344FCB8A650" authority="Swezey" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[435,817,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF880769FE519344FD59A650" box="[435,720,1868,1894]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Parectopa lipochaetaella</emphasis>
Swezey
</taxonomicName>
|Type no.
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF880769FC479345FC75A650" box="[933,1020,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.08204" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="in" value="4260.0">4260 in</quantity>
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF880769FBE49344FBDEA651" box="[1030,1111,1869,1895]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B413C80FF880769FB869345FBC0A6C0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3071273421" collectionCode="BPBM" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCode="BPBM34187" specimenCount="716" specimenCount-female="704" typeStatus="paralectotype">
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FB869345FB75A650" box="[1124,1276,1868,1894]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
7 (1♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF880769FAB99345FAF6A650" box="[1371,1407,1868,1894]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
, 4 sex unknown): 1♂,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF880769FE9F9379FE16A6BC" box="[381,415,1904,1930]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 1 (sex unknown), same mount of
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FCD59379FC17A6BC" box="[823,926,1904,1930]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
in
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FF880769FC259378FB91A6BD" box="[967,1048,1905,1931]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF880769FBC79379FBC1A6BC" box="[1061,1096,1904,1930]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, 3 (sex unknown), same data and locality as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FEA3939DFE22A698" box="[321,427,1940,1966]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, SK
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF880769FE3E939DFD9FA698" box="[476,534,1940,1966]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="female">700♀</specimenCount>
|
<specimenCode id="DB8F9EA6FF880769FDFA939DFD3FA698" box="[536,694,1940,1966]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="Museum">BPBM34187</specimenCode>
. Four
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FD1F939DFC16A698" box="[765,927,1940,1966]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
missing. This species was described from
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FF880769FA62939DFE85A6E4" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
from Maui.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF880769FE7B93B1FD08A6E4" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[409,641,1976,2002]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
designated Type no. 4260 (upper right of four
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FB6C93B0FB7BA6E5" box="[1166,1266,1977,2003]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
) on a mount as
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FF7593D5FF77A6C0" box="[151,254,2012,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF880769FEEF93D5FEFBA6C0" box="[269,370,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,187,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-20@43.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) paralectotype male (BPBM 34197), B P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) Lectotype female, left wings, C Same specimen, right wings, D P. lipochaetaella (Swezey, 1940) paralectotype male, one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), E Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), F Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), G Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681859/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 23E</figureCitation>
), and the remaining
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FDB593D4FD30A6C1" box="[599,697,2013,2039]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
are
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF880769FD0B93D5FC02A6C0" box="[745,907,2012,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF880769FC7893D5FBC9A6C0" box="[922,1088,2012,2039]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,187,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-20@43.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) paralectotype male (BPBM 34197), B P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) Lectotype female, left wings, C Same specimen, right wings, D P. lipochaetaella (Swezey, 1940) paralectotype male, one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), E Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), F Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), G Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681859/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 23D, F, G</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF890768FF25949FFEDBA1E2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF25949FFEDBA1E2" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF25949FFECBA186" bold="true" box="[199,322,150,176]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FE1E949EFC81A187" authority="(Meyrick)" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[508,776,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciallactis">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FE1E949EFD02A186" box="[508,651,150,176]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. sciallactis</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished by its round valva (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FAF2949FFF69A1E2" author="Zimmerman, E. C." pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 449).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF890768FF2594D7FF5BA3C7" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF2594D7FCC3A30A" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF2594D7FE48A1CE" bold="true" box="[199,449,222,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Redescription: Adult</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF890768FE3394D7FDEEA1CE" box="[465,615,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1658,1682]" captionTargetBox="[154,1431,187,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-20@43.[151,1436,181,1635]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 23. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) paralectotype male (BPBM 34197), B P. marginestrigata (Walsingham, 1907) Lectotype female, left wings, C Same specimen, right wings, D P. lipochaetaella (Swezey, 1940) paralectotype male, one of four cotypes on the same mount (upper left specimen on mount), E Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), F Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), G Paralectotype (sex unknown, lower right specimen on mount). Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681859" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681859/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs. 23D–G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A58FF890768FD9194D7FD2EA1CE" box="[627,679,222,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="44.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,187,1621]" captionTargetId="figure-23@44.[151,1436,181,1629]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 24. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lipochaetaella, specimens originally described as Parectopa lipochaetae Swezey, 1946, syntype male B P. sciallactis (Meyrick, 1928) lectotype male C Paralectotype male D Paralectotype female E Male left forewing of specimen CJ164, host: Melanthera kamolensis, Maui F Same specimen, right forewing G Male right forewing of specimen CJ189, host: Melanthera kamolensis, Maui H Philodoria sp. B nr. P. sciallactis (specimen CJ483, sex unknown) right forewing, host: Lipochaeta acris, Kauai. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681861/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">24A</figureCitation>
). Wingspan
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF890768FCD094D7FC19A1CF" box="[818,912,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
in type series; forewing length
<quantity id="4CD19B38FF890768FB1494D7FAB1A1CF" box="[1270,1336,222,249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF890768FABE94D7FF43A02B" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 2.5–3.0 mm in
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF890768FE63950BFD95A02A" box="[385,540,258,284]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
. Head and frons white; maxillary palpus white; labial palpus white with a black spot externally at apex of second, and third segments. Antenna white beneath, ringed with fuscous above. Thorax white. Forewing pale ocherous with white patches: a narrow white median line at basal half of fold; widely white basal patch (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FEC59567FE05A0B8" bold="true" box="[295,396,366,398]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FEA39589FEC0A0B8" attach="left" box="[321,329,384,398]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">1</subScript>
+ ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FE669589FE05A0B8" attach="right" box="[388,396,384,398]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
) extending inwardly and outwardly oblique to meet
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FC009567FB88A0B8" bold="true" box="[994,1025,366,398]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FC1B9589FB88A0B8" attach="left" box="[1017,1025,384,398]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
at middle; a dorsal patch (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FAD09567FADDA0B8" bold="true" box="[1330,1364,366,398]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
ds
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FAAE9589FADDA0B8" attach="left" box="[1356,1364,384,398]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
) from 1/2 to 3/4, almost connecting with
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FDC3959BFDC9A084" bold="true" box="[545,576,402,434]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FDDA95ADFDC9A084" attach="left" box="[568,576,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FD9A959BFD11A084" bold="true" box="[632,664,402,434]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FD7295ADFD11A084" attach="right" box="[656,664,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
; three outwardly oblique costal ones (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FBAB959BFBF0A084" bold="true" box="[1097,1145,402,434]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FB8395ADFBF0A084" attach="right" box="[1121,1145,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">1–3</subScript>
</emphasis>
),
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FB73959BFB38A084" bold="true" box="[1169,1201,402,434]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FB4B95ADFB38A084" attach="left" box="[1193,1201,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
from base to 1/2,
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FA9F959BFA15A084" bold="true" box="[1405,1436,402,434]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FA7695ADFA15A084" attach="left" box="[1428,1436,420,434]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 3/4,
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF0695BFFE8AA0E0" bold="true" box="[228,259,438,470]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FF1995C1FE8AA0E0" attach="left" box="[251,259,456,470]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">3</subScript>
</emphasis>
at 4/5; three white costal spots (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FD8995BFFD38A0E6" bold="true" box="[619,689,438,464]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">a, b, c</emphasis>
) near apex; apical portion white centered with a patch of pale blue scales (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF0E95D3FE8CA0C2" bold="true" box="[236,261,474,500]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">as</emphasis>
); all white areas with a few marginal fuscous scales; cilia white with basal line of fuscous scales and a fuscous line near scale tips. Hindwing and cilia pale gray. Legs white, fore and middle legs and posterior tarsi with black spots. Abdomen white, anal tuft pale ocherous to white.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF25964FFCFAA39E" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF25964FFEF3A356" bold="true" box="[199,378,582,608]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
See
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FE56964FFD1EA356" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[436,663,582,608]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 449). Tegumen 0.7–0.8 x length of valva; valva digitiform and slightly narrowing at middle, rounded at apex, slightly curved toward dorsal side, similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FB5C9662FAB7A3B2" box="[1214,1342,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracilaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FB5C9662FAB7A3B2" box="[1214,1342,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. hauicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Saccus slender and needle-shaped in ventral view. Phallus not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF2596BBFF5BA3C7" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF2596BBFE1DA3FA" bold="true" box="[199,404,690,716]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Female genitalia.</emphasis>
The female genitalia are very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FC5A96BAFBCEA3FA" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[952,1095,690,716]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciallactis">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FC5A96BAFBCEA3FA" box="[952,1095,690,716]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. sciallactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FB6496BBFAE0A3FA" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[1158,1385,690,716]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 455).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF890768FF2596F3FDE1A223" box="[199,616,762,789]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF2596F3FDE1A223" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" box="[199,616,762,789]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF2596F3FEE8A222" bold="true" box="[199,353,762,788]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution.</emphasis>
Maui (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FE5396F3FDC4A223" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[433,589,762,789]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey 1940</bibRefCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF890768FF259717FE2DA2B6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF259717FD86A26A" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF259717FEDFA20E" bold="true" box="[199,342,798,824]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FEB99717FE53A20E" box="[347,474,798,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FE079717FBB2A20F" authority="(Gaudich.) DC. (Swezey 1940 b)" authorityName="DC. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Gaudich." box="[485,1083,798,825]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lipochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lavarum">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FE079717FD4FA20E" box="[485,710,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lipochaeta lavarum</emphasis>
(Gaudich.) DC. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FC6B9717FBADA20F" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[905,1060,798,825]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey 1940</bibRefCitation>
b)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FBA49717FB4DA20E" box="[1094,1220,798,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lipochaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FBA49717FB4DA20E" box="[1094,1220,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Lipochaeta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could not be found during our surveys of West Maui.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF25976FFE2DA2B6" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" box="[199,420,870,896]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF25976FFEAEA2B6" bold="true" box="[199,295,870,896]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Biology.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336556FF890768FF259783FEB6A5F2" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFF890768FF259783FEB6A5F2" blockId="103.[151,1437,150,1220]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FF259783FEB2A292" bold="true" box="[199,315,906,932]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Remarks.</emphasis>
We could not find the male specimen and male genitalia slide no. Z-I-27-61-3 of Zimmerman’s figs. 449 and 451.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FED697A7FE5EA2FE" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[308,471,942,968]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref102730" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1940) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceeding Hawaiian Entomological Society, 10 (3), 461 - 465." type="journal article" year="1940">Swezey (1940</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FE0697A7FD94A2FF" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[484,541,942,969]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="625 - 628" refId="ref102759" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1946) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 12 (3), 625 - 628." type="journal article" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
) described this species twice from two series, collected from the same locality and same host plant in 1928 and 1929.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FD8297DBFCC2A2DA" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[608,843,978,1004]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FC4597DAFAC7A2DA" authority="Swezey, 1946" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1946" box="[935,1358,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetae">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FC4597DAFB2EA2DA" box="[935,1191,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Parectopa lipochaetae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FB5297DBFAC7A2DA" author="Swezey, O. H." box="[1200,1358,978,1004]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" pagination="625 - 628" refId="ref102759" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1946) New species of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 12 (3), 625 - 628." type="journal article" year="1946">Swezey, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(= the specimens series in 1928) in synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FD7097FEFCC2A526" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[658,843,1014,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">P. lipochaetaella</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FC6397FEFBA9A526" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1946" box="[897,1056,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetae">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FC6397FEFBA9A526" box="[897,1056,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. lipochaetae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FAED97FEFA14A526" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1295,1437,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciallactis">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FAED97FEFA14A526" box="[1295,1437,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. sciallactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the male genitalia.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFF890768FE3A9013FD48A502" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[472,705,1050,1076]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978a)</bibRefCitation>
also noted in his taxonomic key that
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FB849012FB7DA502" baseAuthorityName="Meyrick" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[1126,1268,1050,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sciallactis">
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FB849012FB7DA502" box="[1126,1268,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">P. sciallactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a subbasal oblique white costal streak (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FE329037FE66A568" bold="true" box="[464,495,1086,1118]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FE059059FE66A568" attach="left" box="[487,495,1104,1118]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">1</subScript>
</emphasis>
) which continues along the costa to or close to the wing base and the second oblique white costal streak (
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FE9A906BFE11A5B4" bold="true" box="[376,408,1122,1154]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
cs
<subScript id="17AD3498FF890768FE72907DFE11A5B4" attach="right" box="[400,408,1140,1154]" fontSize="6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">2</subScript>
</emphasis>
) is discontinued distinctly across wing. However, the forewing alone cannot be used to distinguish the two species. We treat the
<typeStatus id="5492887FFF890768FDDE908EFDE5A597" box="[572,620,1159,1185]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">type</typeStatus>
series from 1929 and the male specimens that have a rounded valva as
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFF890768FA6A908EFEB6A5F2" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFF890768FA6A908EFEB2A5F2" authorityName="Swezey" authorityYear="1940" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Parectopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lipochaetaella">P. lipochaetaella</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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