314 lines
37 KiB
XML
314 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="E4382802468418C392E2DB7A48938808" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich & Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Sculpsitechinus Stara & Sanciu 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="70" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0B7D65EA0A50B8B6954A411DB4743C29">
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<mods:title id="8313744D407A7990DCD7D15AAD2C5EA2">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="F3EFCDBD425846B8EA2123065922754A">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="76095C490E9A3B1B4E52FCCA923E9F3B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7131A046662B942786918CE3EB2318FC">Jayakody, Sevvandi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="705F61308FB791F44CCC3581B3742F64">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9A0A367DA57756F97D538F87D6B7CE1E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="072EB8FDA7B6B41AC0F72C1CF8548A8E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9E7E7938D38C54434C27B782240871A0">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="E0251310606AE8B518EF16996576178B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9F3B6570833F23F4506E2E9F2656D614">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4A619B6DFEC92639E37B68288E7A1AA5">
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<mods:date id="C8422FEF20A43778C44356CF329C7564">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A914F123DEA31055D6ACEDA366364B3B">2019-01-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="432E1496596F948242C94235120C254B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E6735EE74AB529A67EA9E8472D98D3BE">4541</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4432A588E9688DB64B4A85158E1291EA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935462" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE88936FF02FC6071209C91" lastPageId="67" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE88937FF02FC6071A89A82" blockId="66.[151,700,980,1006]" box="[151,700,980,1006]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="D0DE81CEFFE88937FF02FC6071A89A82" bold="true" box="[151,700,980,1006]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FF02FC6071A89A82" bold="true" box="[151,700,980,1006]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE88937FF7BFC6071A89A82" authority="Stara & Sanciu, 2014" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[238,700,980,1006]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE88937FF7BFC6072B99A82" bold="true" box="[238,429,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sculpsitechinus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFE88937FE21FC6071A89A82" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[436,700,980,1006]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">Stara & Sanciu, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFE98936FF02FA3F727A9CAC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617573/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" startId="67.[151,250,1419,1441]" targetBox="[209,1378,193,1398]" targetPageId="67">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE98936FF02FA3F727A9CAC" blockId="67.[151,1435,1419,1472]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF02FA3F72359CCC" bold="true" box="[151,289,1419,1441]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">FIGURE 60.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE98936FEBDFA3F71019CCD" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[296,533,1419,1441]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FEBDFA3F71019CCD" box="[296,533,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sculpsitechinus auritus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(A and C, WUSL/EI/59) and
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE98936FCDEFA3F70FD9CCD" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[843,1001,1419,1441]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FCDEFA3F70FD9CCD" box="[843,1001,1419,1441]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sculpsitechinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (B and D, WUSL/EI/58): A–B, aboral and C–D, oral views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE98936FF02FA5371209C91" blockId="67.[151,1410,1511,1595]" box="[151,564,1511,1534]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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1778
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF45FA5372439C91" box="[208,343,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE98936FEC8FA5D72FF9C91" authority="Leske" authorityName="Leske" box="[349,491,1511,1534]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FEC8FA5D72B19C92" box="[349,421,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">auritus</emphasis>
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Leske
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</taxonomicName>
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: p. 138
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE98936FF02F9B277279F56" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE98936FF02F9B277279F56" blockId="67.[151,1410,1511,1595]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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1948b
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF49F9B272779F70" box="[220,355,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Echinodiscus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE98936FEFFF9B372EE9F70" authority="Leske." authorityName="Leske." box="[362,506,1542,1564]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FEFFF9B372A69F70" box="[362,434,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">auritus</emphasis>
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Leske.
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</taxonomicName>
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—Mortensen: p. 400–403; pl. 56: figs. 2, 3; pl. 57: fig. 7; pl. 71: figs. 1–5, 10–15, 17, 22. 2014
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFE98936FF45F990715F9F56" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[208,587,1572,1595]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF45F99072A89F57" box="[208,444,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Sculpsitechinus auritus</emphasis>
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(Leske, 1778)
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</taxonomicName>
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—Stara & Sanciu: p. 348–351; pl. 21: figs. 1–7.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE98936FF02F9D3702E9FC8" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE98936FF02F9D3702E9FC8" blockId="67.[151,1436,1639,1880]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF02F9D3727E9FEC" bold="true" box="[151,362,1639,1664]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Material studied.</emphasis>
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Five denuded tests: WUSL/EI/57, from Silavathurai, Mannar; WUSL/EI/59, from Kirinda; WUSL/EI/128, EI/129, and EI/130, from Mandathiv, Jaffna.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFE98930FF52F91B70619ACB" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFE98936FF52F91B70329E34" blockId="67.[151,1436,1639,1880]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FF52F91B724D9FA4" bold="true" box="[199,345,1711,1736]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFE98936FEF7F91B71199FAB" box="[354,525,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Shape and size</emphasis>
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—Tests large,
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<quantity id="4CD19B47FFE98936FD21F91B70719FAB" box="[692,869,1711,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.715" metricValueMax="11.17" metricValueMin="6.26" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="87.15" valueMax="111.7" valueMin="62.6">62.6–111.7 mm</quantity>
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TL; outline of anterior of test rounded, posterior end truncated with two deep, open lunules; greatest width lies about half-way between apex and posterior edge; TW 98–104% TL; test depressed in lateral view, c. 8% TL in height; margin thin and sharp, anterior margin thicker than posterior; oral side flat, food grooves bifurcating, closely following lunules; oral ambulacra with much more densely packed and smaller tubercles than interambulacra.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF56662AFFEE8931FF02F89270D29E50" box="[151,966,1830,1853]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617575/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,250,1830,1852]" targetBox="[161,1420,206,1800]" targetPageId="68">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEE8931FF02F89270D29E50" blockId="68.[151,966,1830,1853]" box="[151,966,1830,1853]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEE8931FF02F892720B9E50" bold="true" box="[151,287,1830,1852]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 61.</emphasis>
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Distribution map of
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEE8931FE61F89271CB9E51" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[500,735,1830,1853]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEE8931FE61F89271CB9E51" box="[500,735,1830,1853]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sculpsitechinus auritus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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recorded in this study.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEE8930FF52F8DD702E9871" blockId="68.[151,1437,1897,2030]" lastBlockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEE8931FF52F8DD72759EED" box="[199,353,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Apical system</emphasis>
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—Monobasal, with four small, circular gonopores; subcentral, 44–51% TL from anterior margin.
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEE8931FF02F83972079ECA" box="[151,275,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Ambulacra</emphasis>
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—Petaloid region medium-sized, length 44–47% TL; petals closed; petal III slightly longer (length 24% TL) and broader (10% TL in width) than others; anterior paired petals (mean 20.4% TL) and posterior paired petals (mean 19.8% TL) similar in length, 20% TL and width, c. 9% TL; interporiferous zones of petals small and about equal in width, c. 3% TL; poriferous zones and interporiferous zones about equal in width; pores are elongate anisopores with sharp furrows that deepen towards outer pore; 7–15 primary tubercles on ridges between furrows; food groves bifurcating close to peristome, with well-developed lateral branches encroaching upon interambulacra; 2 to 3 pairs of plates between ambulacral petals and lunules.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FE9E7772980B" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FE9E7234982F" box="[199,288,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lunules</emphasis>
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—Open, slit-like; of variable length; width c. 5% TL; angle between lunules 57° to 60°; lunules surrounded by 3–4 plates per column on oral and 4–5 plates per column on aboral side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FEC6702598BF" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FEC6726398E7" box="[199,375,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Interambulacra</emphasis>
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—Disjunction of oral interambulacra 1 to 4 variable, sometimes all in contact, in other specimens all are disjunct; interambulacrum 5 always disjunct. Five post-basicoronal plates in oral interambulacrum 5, two in column a and three in column b.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FE54760B989B" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" box="[199,1311,478,503]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FE54722D989B" box="[199,313,480,503]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Peristome</emphasis>
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—Round to subpentagonal, small, diameter 3–4% TL; 44–46% TL from anterior margin.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FDB070559B53" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FDB072259B77" box="[199,305,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Periproct</emphasis>
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—Small, diameter c. 2% TL; situated close to posterior margin of test, 14–19% TL from posterior edge; distance between periproct and peristome 29–35% TL.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FDFE72629B9F" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FDFE72B39B0F" bold="true" box="[199,423,586,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Geographic range.</emphasis>
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Indo-West Pacific, from
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<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FD5DFDFE70219B0F" box="[712,821,586,611]" name="Mauritius" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FCD0FDFF70ED9B0F" author="De Loriol, P." box="[837,1017,586,611]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref34555" refString="De Loriol, P. (1883) Catalogue raisonne des Echinodermes recueillis par MV de Robillard a l'ile Maurice. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 28, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1883">De Loriol 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Africa &
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FB23FDFE76299B0F" box="[1206,1341,586,611]" name="Madagascar" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FADBFDFF73CB9BEB" author="Brown, R. N. R." pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="36 - 44" refId="ref34028" refString="Brown, R. N. R. (1910 a) Echinoidea from the Kerimba Archipelago, Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique). Edinburgh Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society, 18, 36 - 44." type="journal article" year="1910">Brown 1910a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Red Sea (Agassiz 18841), South East Arabia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FD66FDDB70A89BEB" author="Mortensen, T." box="[755,956,623,647]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref35426" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 c) Report on the Echinoidea of the Murray Expedition. II [Irregular Echinoidea]. Scientific Reports on the John Murray Expedition, 9, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Persian Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FBFCFDDB76279BEB" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1129,1331,622,647]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref35321" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part 2, 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen 1940b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FAD3FDDA76949BEB" box="[1350,1408,622,647]" name="India" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FF02FD2673E29BC7" box="[151,246,658,683]" name="Pakistan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FE90FD2672819BC7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[261,405,658,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FE3FFD26710C9BC7" box="[426,536,658,683]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FDBDFD2671BE9BC7" author="Clark, H. L." box="[552,682,658,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="83 - 102" refId="ref34305" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) The echinoderms of Ceylon other than holothurians. Spolia Zeylanica, 10, 83 - 102." type="journal article" year="1915">Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FD22FD2670B09BC7" author="Herdman, W. A. & Herdman, J. B. & Bell, F. J." box="[695,932,658,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref34833" refString="Herdman, W. A., Herdman, J. B. & Bell, F. J. (1904) Report on the Echinoderma collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. In: Herdman, W. A. (Ed.), Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Mannar. The Royal Society, London, pp. 137 - 150." type="book chapter" year="1904">
|
||
Herdman
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FCB2FD2070759BC7" box="[807,865,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1904
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Bay of Bengal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FBFEFD26761F9BC7" author="Koehler, R." box="[1131,1291,658,683]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref34949" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 9, An account of the Echinoidea. II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 161 pp." type="book" year="1922">Koehler 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Indies (de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FF56FD02724B9BA3" author="de Meijere, J. C. H." box="[195,351,694,719]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref35172" refString="de Meijere, J. C. H. (1904) Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 43, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1904">Meijere 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FE2BFD0271319BA3" box="[446,549,694,719]" name="Australia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FDA0FD0271A39BA3" author="Clark, H. L." box="[565,695,694,719]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 596" refId="ref34491" refString="Clark, H. L. (1938) Echinoderms from Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of the Harvard College, 55, 1 - 596." type="journal article" year="1938">Clark 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FD72FD0270A69BA3" box="[743,946,694,719]" name="Philippines" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FC56FD0277759BA3" author="Agassiz, A." box="[963,1121,694,719]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 & 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) & 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FBE2FD0277AE9BA3" box="[1143,1210,694,719]" name="China" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea & South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FAC9FD0C76889BA3" box="[1372,1436,696,719]" name="Japan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FF0BFD6F727D9B9F" author="Mortensen, T." box="[158,361,730,755]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FD4A707A9A7B" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" box="[199,878,766,791]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FD4A72BA9A7B" bold="true" box="[199,430,766,791]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
|
||
Tidal zone to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEF8930FDDAFD4A719C9A7B" box="[591,648,766,791]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FD02FD4B70769A7B" author="Mortensen, T." box="[663,866,766,791]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref35386" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FC9670619ACB" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FC9671659A57" bold="true" box="[199,625,802,827]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Observed occurrence in
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFEF8930FE7AFC9671659A57" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524160" box="[495,625,802,827]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Kirinda" elevation="27" location="Specimens" municipality="Silavathurai" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FE7AFC9671789A57" box="[495,620,802,827]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFEF8930FDECFC9671E69A57" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17:8EF66079FFEF8930FDECFC9671E69A57" box="[633,754,802,827]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Kirinda" municipality="Silavathurai" name="Specimens" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Specimens</location>
|
||
were collected from sandy and muddy bottoms at three
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFEF8930FAEEFC9673FF9A33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17:8EF66079FFEF8930FAEEFC9673FF9A33" country="Sri Lanka" county="Kirinda" municipality="Silavathurai" name="Sri Lankan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lankan</location>
|
||
localities:
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFEF8930FEFEFCF272F09A33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFE88930FF02FC60711B9C17:8EF66079FFEF8930FEFEFCF272F09A33" box="[363,484,838,863]" country="Sri Lanka" county="Kirinda" municipality="Silavathurai" name="Mandathiv" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mandathiv</location>
|
||
on the northern coast,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFEF8930FD67FCF2706D9A33" box="[754,889,838,863]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Silavathurai</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
on the north-western coast, and
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E2EFFEF8930FB60FCF2765E9A33" box="[1269,1354,838,863]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kirinda</collectingCounty>
|
||
on the southern coast at 1, 9, and
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FFEF8930FE5CFCDF71179AEE" box="[457,515,875,899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="27.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEF8930FE5CFCDF71179AEE" box="[457,515,875,899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFEF8930FD36FCDE71E39AEF" box="[675,759,874,899]" captionStart="FIGURE 61" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1830,1852]" captionTargetBox="[161,1420,206,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@68.[151,1436,193,1825]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 61. Distribution map of Sculpsitechinus auritus recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617575/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 61</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bathymetric range of this species in Sri Lanka is
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FFEF8930FAAAFCDF768C9AEE" box="[1343,1432,875,899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="1.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEF8930FAAAFCDF768C9AEE" box="[1343,1432,875,899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="29.0" valueMin="1.0">1–29 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
. This species was first recorded in Sri Lanka by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FD39FC3A70659ACB" author="Doderlein, L." box="[684,881,910,935]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="821 - 846" refId="ref34633" refString="Doderlein, L. (1888) Echinodermen von Ceylon. Bericht uber die von den Herren Dres Sarasin gesammelten Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea und Echinoidea. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere, 3, 821 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1933" type="journal article" year="1888">Döderlein (1888)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFEF8930FF52FC06711B9C17" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FC0670959D5B" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FC06722F9AA7" bold="true" box="[199,315,946,971]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In contrast to Stara & Sanciu’s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FD36FC0771CA9AA7" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[675,734,947,971]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) description, Sri Lankan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FC62FC0777769AA7" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[1015,1122,947,971]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FC62FC0777769AA7" box="[1015,1122,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has two pairs of ambulacral plates between the petal tips and lunules. The periproct is close to the posterior margin (mean=16% TL). However, in Stara & Sanciu’s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFEF8930FE16FC4F72AA9D7F" author="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L." box="[387,446,1019,1043]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" pagination="291 - 358" refId="ref36243" refString="Stara, P. & Sanciu, L. (2014) Analysis of some astriclypeids (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida). Biodiversity Journal, 5, 291 - 358." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) examples, there are four to five pairs of plates between the petal tips and lunules, and the periproct is farther from the posterior margin (mean=21% TL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FBF672EE9C5F" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
Specimen WUSL/EI/58, collected at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFEF8930FD7EFBF770329D36" box="[747,806,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
|
||
from Palagala reef (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFEF8930FB87FBF677409D37" box="[1042,1108,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[223,1380,300,1821]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of collection localities (BT1—Baththalangunduwa 1, BT2—Baththalangunduwa 2, CA—Casuarina Beach, CH—Chaddy Beach, ET—Etalai, HM—Hambantota, HR—Hiriketiya, KL—Kalmunai, KM—Kamburugamuwa, KT—Kattankudy, KI—Kirinda, MN—Mandathiv, MR—Marawila, ML—Mount Lavinia, MU—Mulathiv, NE1—Negombo 1, NE2—Negombo 2, NL—Nilwella, PE—Periyapaduwa, PO—Polhena, SL—Silavathurai, TB—Thennadi Bay, TR—Trincomalee, VL—Velvatithurai; see Appendix 1 for more information)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617462/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) on the western coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FAEEFBF673F49D13" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, differs from the material described above and may represent a different species (or a hybrid). In contrast to typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FF79FB3F724D9DCF" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[236,345,1163,1187]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF79FB3F724D9DCF" box="[236,345,1163,1187]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it has 1) a distinct anterior notch, 2) wide interporiferous zones (4–5% TL), and 3) a markedly structured oral side like in fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FD90FB1A71639DAB" authorityName="L.Agassiz" authorityYear="1840" box="[517,631,1198,1223]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Amphiope" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FD90FB1A71639DAB" box="[517,631,1198,1223]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Amphiope</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFEF8930FD10FB1A70199DAB" box="[645,781,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="67.[151,250,1419,1441]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,193,1398]" captionTargetId="figure@67.[209,1378,193,1398]" captionTargetPageId="67" captionText="FIGURE 60. Sculpsitechinus auritus (A and C, WUSL/EI/59) and Sculpsitechinus sp. (B and D, WUSL/EI/58): A–B, aboral and C–D, oral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617573/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Fig. 60B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
; in contrast to the rather flattened oral surface of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FA12FB1B73F29D87" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FA12FB1B73F29D87" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Specimen WUSL/E1/58 is provisionally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FC0EFB66775D9D87" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[923,1097,1234,1259]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FC0EFB66775D9D87" box="[923,1097,1234,1259]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sculpsitechinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. until more material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FF02FB4272519C63" authorityName="Stara & Sanciu" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,325,1270,1295]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF02FB4272519C63" box="[151,325,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sculpsitechinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FE07FB4271109C63" box="[402,516,1270,1295]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
becomes available and the degree of intraspecific variation of the Sri Lankan population is better understood.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFEF8930FF52FA8B711B9C17" blockId="69.[151,1437,151,1403]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FF52FA8B72279C3B" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[199,307,1343,1367]" class="Echinoidea" family="Astriclypeidae" genus="Sculpsitechinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="auritus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF52FA8B72279C3B" box="[199,307,1343,1367]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. auritus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily distinguished from other astriclypeids occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFEF8930FB82FA8A77929C3B" box="[1047,1158,1342,1367]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FB03FAF4765F9C3B" box="[1174,1355,1342,1367]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="bisperforatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FB03FAF4765F9C3B" box="[1174,1355,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E. bisperforatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFEF8930FA11FAF472309C17" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Echinocyamus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="truncatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FA11FAF476889C3B" box="[1412,1436,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFEF8930FF2EFAD072309C17" box="[187,292,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">truncatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) by its open lunules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |