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<document id="D548F6D9935B9E58BB7BED861EA2CF50" ID-CLB-Dataset="6626" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1361" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3d698f2-f653-4be9-8d49-9ac6502912c0" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4770536" ID-ZooBank="560648AD-81B8-464C-B408-6BA92BA086C8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621350363403" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wong, Man-Kwan, Lee, Mao-Ying &amp; Chen, Wei-Jen" docDate="2021" docId="03F287DFFF89FFEA3E4AFE5B948E5661" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-750_52-69.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 750" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.750.1361" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Luciobrotula Smith &amp; Radcliffe 1913" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFCBFFA7FF8CFFEF3C46FF9D972E5206" masterDocTitle="Integrative taxonomy reveals a rare and new cusk-eel species of Luciobrotula (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) from the Solomon Sea, West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="52" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698939984431" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="FFCAC6220D0C236A3B74EFAF1B6F7B4F">Integrative taxonomy reveals a rare and new cusk-eel species of Luciobrotula (Teleostei, Ophidiidae) from the Solomon Sea, West Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1D8D483A34534389F28712A8423657C0">Wong, Man-Kwan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="443D53E39AFD96B3AEBA625BCF91A0AD">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. &amp; Jun.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="99DBC81E3CCA9951ECD9C215D4222AEA">Lee, Mao-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A00F4DAF80B8E492953D51C92D1C9005">Marine Fisheries Division, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, No. 199, Heyi Road, Keelung 202008, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8FB704394B9E21C86F5BBD360F98B6AA">Chen, Wei-Jen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0BF3FCA84BBB9ECA14C192D8D999109">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03F287DFFF89FFEA3E4AFE5B948E5661" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182237369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4773703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F287DFFF89FFEA3E4AFE5B948E5661" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F287DFFF89FFEA3E4AFE5B948E5661" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
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<paragraph id="8BE436C9FF89FFEA3E4AFE5B930653E6" blockId="5.[524,1064,454,481]" box="[524,1064,454,481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
<heading id="D0AC81A5FF89FFEA3E4AFE5B930653E6" box="[524,1064,454,481]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" reason="2">
Genus 
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<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3E18FE5B95D053E7" bold="true" box="[606,766,454,481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Luciobrotula</emphasis>
Smith &amp; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCA4B38FF89FFEA3F37FE5B930653E6" author="Radcliffe L." box="[881,1064,454,480]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" pagination="135 - 176" refId="ref9137" refString="Radcliffe L. 1913. Descriptions of seven new genera and thirty-one new species of fishes of the families Brotulidae and Carapidae from the Philippine Islands and the Dutch East Indies. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 44 (1948): 135 - 176. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.44 - 1948.135" type="journal article" year="1913">Radcliffe, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="8BE436C9FF89FFEA3CFBFD95940E5023" blockId="5.[189,800,520,549]" box="[189,800,520,549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3CFBFD95940E5023" bold="true" box="[189,800,520,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE436C9FF89FFEA3CFBFDA0948E5661" blockId="5.[187,1401,573,1128]" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">
The 
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3CB2FDA39609505E" box="[244,295,574,600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">COI</emphasis>
dataset comprised 13 aligned sequences including three newly obtained sequences from the collected specimens, three additional sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4AFF89FFEA3F5BFDFC94B1507C" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1913" box="[797,927,608,634]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Luciobrotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bartschi">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3F5BFDFC94B1507C" box="[797,927,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">L. bartschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the South 
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Sea and Western Australia, five sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4AFF89FFEA3E4FFD1995565098" authorityName="Nielsen" authorityYear="2009" box="[521,632,644,670]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Luciobrotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coheni">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3E4FFD1995565098" box="[521,632,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">L. coheni</emphasis>
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from the Eastern Pacific, plus two outgroup sequences (
<tableCitation id="C6D90372FF89FFEA394BFD19924B5098" box="[1293,1381,644,670]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="4.[182,252,542,570]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 1. List of samples used for molecular analyses in this study, with sampling location and GenBank/BOLD accession numbers of nucleotide sequences at COI locus. Numbers in bold: sequences newly obtained in this study" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF246641FF88FFEB3CF0FD83935B5058" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="DF246641FF88FFEB3CF0FD83935B5058">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The length of the aligned sequences of the dataset is 618 bp. 
<figureCitation id="13602A4CFF89FFEA3FF5FD3A933450C7" box="[947,1050,679,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[188,231,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[189,1386,1260,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-349@5.[189,1399,1260,1760]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of species of Luciobrotula Smith &amp; Radcliffe 1913 inferred by the partitioned maximum-likelihood method with GTR+G nucleotide substitution model based on the COI gene dataset, and results from species delimitation based on COI gene analyses with ABGD, bPTP and CBB. Branch lengths are proportional to inferred nucleotide substitutions. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values in percentages. Values &lt;50% are not shown. Taxa names in bold indicate newly obtained sequences in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4770540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4770540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Figure 2</figureCitation>
shows the phylogenetic tree inferred from the ML analysis based on the dataset. The monophyly of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4AFF89FFEA381AFD5793D850E2" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1913" box="[1116,1270,714,740]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Luciobrotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA381AFD5793D850E2" box="[1116,1270,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Luciobrotula</emphasis>
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is strongly supported (bootstrap value =98%), and ingroup sequences form three clades or lineages among which two contain sequences from the two known species (
<figureCitation id="13602A4CFF89FFEA3F59FC8D944B512D" box="[799,869,784,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[188,231,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[189,1386,1260,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-349@5.[189,1399,1260,1760]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of species of Luciobrotula Smith &amp; Radcliffe 1913 inferred by the partitioned maximum-likelihood method with GTR+G nucleotide substitution model based on the COI gene dataset, and results from species delimitation based on COI gene analyses with ABGD, bPTP and CBB. Branch lengths are proportional to inferred nucleotide substitutions. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values in percentages. Values &lt;50% are not shown. Taxa names in bold indicate newly obtained sequences in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4770540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4770540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). While two of our newly obtained sequences (ASIZP 0913925 and 
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1082) fall into the 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4AFF89FFEA3E91FCA994765148" authorityName="Smith &amp; Radcliffe" authorityYear="1913" box="[727,856,820,846]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Luciobrotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bartschi">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3E91FCA994765148" box="[727,856,820,846]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">L. bartschi</emphasis>
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clade, the third one (
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2363) appears to be a previously unknown lineage. Advanced species delimitation analyses with ABGD and bPTP based on the same 
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3D11FCE796A45192" box="[343,394,890,916]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">COI</emphasis>
dataset reveal a congruent result with a prediction of three OTUs, corroborating the phylogenetic finding (
<figureCitation id="13602A4CFF89FFEA3D80FC00952151B1" box="[454,527,925,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[188,231,1820,1846]" captionTargetBox="[189,1386,1260,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-349@5.[189,1399,1260,1760]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of species of Luciobrotula Smith &amp; Radcliffe 1913 inferred by the partitioned maximum-likelihood method with GTR+G nucleotide substitution model based on the COI gene dataset, and results from species delimitation based on COI gene analyses with ABGD, bPTP and CBB. Branch lengths are proportional to inferred nucleotide substitutions. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values in percentages. Values &lt;50% are not shown. Taxa names in bold indicate newly obtained sequences in this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4770540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4770540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The delimited OTUs (or inferred species) are genetically distinct from each other. The unknown lineage is distinct from others by 37 unique nucleotide sites based on CBB analysis. The average genetic distances measured using the K2P model among them are from 0.130 to 0.138 at the 
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA3D0BFB9A96AE5627" box="[333,384,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">COI</emphasis>
locus. Further morphological examination on the specimens indicates that the features of the sample collected from the Solomon Sea (
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2363) are unique among all known 
<taxonomicName id="4C5B4D4AFF89FFEA389BFBB7963C5661" class="Actinopterygii" family="Ophidiidae" genus="Luciobrotula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92FEADBFF89FFEA389BFBB792595642" box="[1245,1399,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="57">Luciobrotula</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
(see below), and we validate it herein as a new species.
</paragraph>
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