306 lines
32 KiB
XML
306 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="7323DCAB3ABFF0E435B66F664CE3D6CF" ID-DOI="10.15553/c2012v672a12" ID-ISSN="2235-3658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5790002" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1637611591098" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Callmander, Martin W., Lowry Ii, Porter P., Forest, Félix, Devey, Dion S., Beentje, Henk & Buerki, Sven" docDate="2012" docId="03F20C491D182B425D5DFAE9769D540C" docLanguage="en" docName="Candollea.67.2.323-345.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Candollea 67 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC.2:Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleId="FB35ED2BCB231A5F446DBDA23BDBADFC" docStyleName="Candollea.2012-2014.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Benstonea Callm. & Buerki, nom. & stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="329" masterDocId="FFCB74311D1D2B445D3AFFF3771C5134" masterDocTitle="Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae): characterization, circumscription, and distribution of a new genus of screw-pines, with a synopsis of accepted species" masterLastPageNumber="345" masterPageNumber="323" pageNumber="328" updateTime="1699425018902" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="20562386E52C625E136316402E653515" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9C6CD4D705249C64B3B3EC2DEB9F1D8E">
|
||
<mods:title id="939303C1C6CE2D533554207B2840FD4B">Benstonea Callm. & Buerki (Pandanaceae): characterization, circumscription, and distribution of a new genus of screw-pines, with a synopsis of accepted species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="D3452C0257AB63B8D52F6BA61A5DF191" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A815B7514D1118983F52DA7B7B140FD4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C9A5087F6BCAE32992DDF7C42248B1DD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="10DE652C81C1AB55D2EA20FBF957683B">Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F292983A8AB613BFE0F927ACBD07AC3B">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, CP 60, CH- 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FF28904AA95CDF35875E1E941B1C89F3" type="email">martin.callmander@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="75F88EE6967148A88CB556AD1441422E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="516EB62C079B402E43611D9C2F415341">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F29E4153822A29C8A8AC44BF6B26F15">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DD9ED3B52DD4CCBBC037D1986E9CA3E3">Lowry Ii, Porter P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C7006E0F8CAC5E31B6650A5CABB56488">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Département Systématique et Evolution (UMR 7205), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, case postale 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris (Cedex) 05, France.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E76D0D50CC0A9B8D573C25467A322C5C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BAA6368F688AA22546C696390E6031E7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="13CEF7723DD38BAB7ACDDA380D6BFB02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5FFBA6468BF0B29E73B61205D919AC19">Forest, Félix</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="6A8F3C6D4BF8840F7B918704ED509BB7">JodrellLaboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F8A6E43A602FAE5612A6EB064AB60A84" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="37179C95DBD907AB7B32C1085DC8DF5D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="24C505F917613AC4283462138E20EE39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D94D85BB859D22EDAD687EC1A5E09FF7">Devey, Dion S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C645ED99474EC435B0D2D3168D73C850">JodrellLaboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D79FBEFF4A1BF7AE487CFFB76C0E1683" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="A5DCF29458A636D6215020A319ADD47B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C32DE5EDE1906C9FC61FC6FEF37D9784">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8AA5B276636E55BB604B709E8FDA1CCC">Beentje, Henk</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="BF1AB9FA5C15C51F55AA75498362CB46">Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B564A65951BD14D13981A6FD64C53BB1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BC01734A0CDA268DA0C98F928147B6D1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F06B5A4061B69AC68C084B98402CD121">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B88BA1D2F922500B437E7F53076B2A8E">Buerki, Sven</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A525633A5FCACFE9B468C810907DDFFD">JodrellLaboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW 9 3 DS, United Kingdom.</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="982B51C9440709B69894595B00166BA8">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A8447164323B9EF9F39B2AC5C01288A8" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6102726F5004104EBB6938300EFF2D1B">
|
||
<mods:title id="AD921AB48EE84CEED3F0DBEA74F3D5D2">Candollea</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="F1DEBC298F398259E02A3703D1AB2D75">
|
||
<mods:date id="94683BA5F4558CAECCD1F1A084189074">2012</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="816492EE3B8013B663655A413FD70E53" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="FDC70AA93EFF33BCA66F1033813A5006">2012-12-01</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="775DA20D6F3A8CA2320FF2B134E33A8B" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="DD193B7973F0B4DB5E53035D14173BE1">67</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="71272E3E57E959356ADC48246B41F00C" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="F48DCF389996C59F8DCC7DA87C4E32DA">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="82445B157B8B2E505A0A98C672E9C275" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="6E256E62B7DFD3FD934CAADFECAC4E15">323</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0219E0B749B609043087B9EE6BD12B57">345</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="025A699A589E30C1FF9E8293A709F401">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="77C3EEF7717C0D641780E7998D69FD3A" type="DOI">10.15553/c2012v672a12</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5D6DBE46212B1404080807B501A7F092" type="ISSN">2235-3658</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="751F3AB5B51209D381518F65C416CE46" type="Zenodo-Dep">5790002</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03F20C491D182B425D5DFAE9769D540C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5841780" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5841780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F20C491D182B425D5DFAE9769D540C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20C491D182B425D5DFAE9769D540C" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415D5DFAE9757E5406" box="[103,610,1306,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B415D5DFAE9757E5406" blockId="5.[103,610,1306,1330]" box="[103,610,1306,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<heading id="D0AC0A331D182B415D5DFAE9757E5406" box="[103,610,1306,1330]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" reason="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415D5DFAE9768A5406" ID-CoL="8WCJV" authority="Callm. & Buerki" authorityName="Callm. & Buerki" box="[103,406,1306,1330]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="nom. & stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415D5DFAE977C65406" bold="true" box="[103,218,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
Callm. & Buerki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415C9BFAE9757E5406" bold="true" box="[417,610,1306,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21CDC361D182B415C9BFAE9757E5406" box="[417,610,1306,1330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">nom. & stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B415DB6FAB176C954D5" blockId="5.[140,753,1346,1505]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415DB6FAB1756D54AA" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="reference_group">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4B9A711D182B415DB6FAB1756D54AA" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
≡
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA9B4E1D182B415D88FAB077F15449" author="Kurz" journal="J. Bot." page="100" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" score="11.733904942993295" volume="5" year="1867">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415D88FAB07539546F" authority="Kurz" authorityName="Kurz" box="[178,549,1347,1371]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415D88FAB0763C546F" box="[178,288,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415C5CFAB076F9546F" box="[358,485,1347,1371]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
Kurz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in J. Bot. 5: 100. 1867
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. ≡
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFA9B4E1D182B415C21FA96756D54AA" author="B. C. Stone" journal="Bot. Jahrb. Syst." page="521" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" score="144.29617767960897" volume="94" year="1974">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415C21FA9677ED54AA" authority="(Kurz) B. C. Stone" authorityName="B. C. Stone" baseAuthorityName="Kurz" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415C21FA9676955449" box="[283,393,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415CE2FA96754B5449" box="[472,599,1381,1405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
(Kurz) B. C. Stone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 94: 521. 1974
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415F43FA7576C954D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="discussion">
|
||
[non
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415F89FA75754654F4" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="343" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415F89FA7577E554F4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
O. F. Cook & Doyle
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415CE0FA5B754654F4" box="[474,602,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">(Arecaceae)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibCitation id="5E71B5331D182B415F41FA5B76D754D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
Contr.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D182B415FF8FA5B75ED54F4" box="[706,753,1448,1472]" name="United States of America" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
Natl. Herb. 16: 228. 1913
|
||
</bibCitation>
|
||
].
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415DB6FA0177D95779" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B415DB6FA0177D95779" blockId="5.[140,753,1521,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415DB6FA0177D3573E" bold="true" box="[140,207,1522,1546]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Type:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415DEFFA01758D573E" ID-CoL="LHHD" authority="(Kurz) Callm. & Buerki" authorityName="Callm. & Buerki" baseAuthorityName="Kurz" box="[213,657,1522,1546]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415DEFFA017690573E" box="[213,396,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Benstonea affinis</emphasis>
|
||
(Kurz) Callm. & Buerki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415F87FA0176565718" ID-CoL="75M3S" authority="Kurz" authorityName="Kurz" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415F87FA0176135718" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
Kurz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E003FD1D182B415C64F9E776A15718" box="[350,445,1556,1580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D182B415F6DF9E777A45779" author="ST & JOHN, H." journalOrPublisher="Pacific Sci." pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="224 - 241" part="14" refId="ref15880" refString="ST. JOHN, H. (1960). Revision of the genus Pandanus Stickman, Part 1. Keys to the sections. Pacific Sci. 14: 224 - 241." title="Revision of the genus Pandanus Stickman, Part 1. Keys to the sections" type="journal article" year="1960">
|
||
ST.
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBFD15241D182B415F41F9E775F15718" box="[635,749,1556,1580]" collectionCode="JOHN" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">JOHN 1960</specimenCode>
|
||
: 226
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415DB6F9AD74FF54E7" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B415DB6F9AD74FF54E7" blockId="5.[102,758,1630,1955]" lastBlockId="5.[828,1482,1306,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acaulescent or short-stemmed shrubs, often epiphytic, rarely tall trees. Leaves ligulate to linear-attenuate; leaf apex adaxially spinulose along the two main pleats (spines rarely absent). Inflorescences terminal or lateral on short side-branches, pistillate cephalia solitary, sometimes spicately disposed. Cephalia always of simple drupes, drupes never connate into phalanges; pileus usually distinct and calyptrate, grading upward into a hard, spiniform style; stigma linear, always positioned on abaxial side of the style. Endocarp usually with seed-chamber roofed by a thin cartilaginous partition above which is located a small more or less distinct supra-seminal chamber distinct from the rest of the apical mesocarp. Staminate inflorescence normally spicate. Staminate flowers sessile, composed of free stamens with anthers much longer than the short or nearly obsolete filaments, apiculate, sometimes stamens arranged in pauci-staminate dyads, phalanges or triads.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B415E58FA11739857AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B415E58FA11739857AF" blockId="5.[828,1482,1306,1955]" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415E58FA1174FA54CE" box="[866,998,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Etymology.–</emphasis>
|
||
This genus is named in honour of Benjamin Clemens Stone (1933-1994) to whom we dedicate this article. Ben contributed immensely to the taxonomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B41580CF9D072DB570F" box="[1334,1479,1571,1595]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B41580CF9D072DB570F" box="[1334,1479,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was the leading authority on the family for several decades; his work will remain fundamental to the study of the group for many years to come.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D182B425E58F959763D50E5" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D182B425E58F959763D50E5" blockId="5.[828,1482,1306,1955]" lastBlockId="6.[118,775,281,1336]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="329" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415E58F959731257F6" box="[866,1038,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Observations. –</emphasis>
|
||
As suggested above, our current understanding of relationships indicates that the entity recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D182B415E06F91874D35637" author="STONE" box="[828,975,1771,1795]" firstAuthor="STONE" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" pagination="459 - 540" refId="ref16294" refString="STONE, B. C. (1974). Toward an improved infra-generic classification in Pandanus (Pandanaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 94: 459 - 540." type="journal article" year="1974">STONE (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415EC8F918723C5637" box="[1010,1312,1771,1795]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415EC8F91873415637" box="[1010,1117,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B41599FF918723C5637" box="[1189,1312,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is probably not monophyletic, and that the group treated here as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B41582DF8F872635617" box="[1303,1407,1803,1827]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B41582DF8F872635617" box="[1303,1407,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be limited to include only the members historically assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415E06F8B873415657" box="[828,1117,1867,1891]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415E06F8B874BA5657" box="[828,934,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415EDEF8B873415657" box="[996,1117,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B4159E6F8B872725657" box="[1244,1390,1867,1891]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microglottis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B4159E6F8B872725657" box="[1244,1390,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">P.microglottis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), along with two clearly related species originally placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B4158AFF89874BB5697" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415E06F87874BB5697" box="[828,935,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">Fusiforma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B415E8FF87873525697" box="[949,1102,1931,1955]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pachyphyllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B415E8FF87873525697" box="[949,1102,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">P.pachyphyllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D182B4159BEF878721D5697" box="[1156,1281,1931,1955]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="328" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biplicatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D182B4159BEF878721D5697" box="[1156,1281,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="328">P. biplicatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The other species assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425DCBFEEA750B5005" box="[241,535,281,305]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Acrostigma">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425DCBFEEA76465005" box="[241,346,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425CA5FEEA750B5005" box="[415,535,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Acrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D1B2B425F04FEEA75D35005" author="STONE" box="[574,719,281,305]" firstAuthor="STONE" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="459 - 540" refId="ref16294" refString="STONE, B. C. (1974). Toward an improved infra-generic classification in Pandanus (Pandanaceae). Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 94: 459 - 540." type="journal article" year="1974">STONE (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, viz. the members of sects.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425C60FECA76D65065" box="[346,458,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Epiphytica</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425CC1FECA75A65065" box="[507,698,313,337]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pseudoacrostigma</emphasis>
|
||
, along with the remaining species of sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425CDAFEAA75505045" box="[480,588,345,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Fusiforma</emphasis>
|
||
, are morphologically distinct and currently remain in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425F3EFE8A757350A5" box="[516,623,377,401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425F3EFE8A757350A5" box="[516,623,377,401]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as redefined here), although their taxonomic affinities within the family remain to be elucidated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D1B2B425DA6FE13769D540C" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D1B2B425DA6FE13769D540C" blockId="6.[118,775,281,1336]" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425DA6FE13761350CC" box="[156,271,480,504]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425DA6FE13761350CC" box="[156,271,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the third largest genus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425F58FE1375E450CC" box="[610,760,480,504]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425F58FE1375E450CC" box="[610,760,480,504]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pandanaceae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 50 currently accepted species (see below). It ranges from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D1B2B425D4CFDD377B3530C" box="[118,175,544,568]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D1B2B425DE1FDD3765D530C" box="[219,321,544,568]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
with its centre of diversity in Borneo (21 spp. [17 of which are endemic]) and Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D1B2B425FA4FDB3741C536C" box="[670,768,576,600]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(14 spp. [6 endemic]), where two third of the species are found (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1360A1DA1D1B2B425D44FD7377A253AC" box="[126,190,640,664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[103,128,1109,1129]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,280,1089]" captionTargetId="graphics-347@5.[103,1477,280,1089]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. – Distribution map of Benstonea Callm. & Buerki showing the number of species and the level of endemicity per geographical region." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790008" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5790008/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most members of the genus are acaulescent or shortstemmed shrubs, or facultative or true epiphytes, rarely tall trees [e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425DD2FD33758753EC" authority="(Griff.) Callm. & Buerki" authorityName="Callm. & Buerki" baseAuthorityName="Griff." box="[232,667,704,728]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atrocarpus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425DD2FD33766253EC" box="[232,382,704,728]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">B. atrocarpus</emphasis>
|
||
(Griff.) Callm. & Buerki
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Species occur in a variety of habitats including lowland rainforest, swamps, mangrove fringes and montane forests on various soil
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E003FD1D1B2B425D4CFCD377B2520C" box="[118,174,800,824]" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">types</typeStatus>
|
||
(granitic, sandstone and limestone) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D1B2B425F09FCD375A0520C" author="STONE" box="[563,700,800,824]" firstAuthor="STONE" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref16436" refString="STONE, B. C. (1978). Revisio Pandanacearum, Part I. Pandanus subgenera Coronata and Acrostigma. Flora Malesiana precursores. Fed. Mus. J. 23: 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978">STONE, 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425FF4FCD377A1526C" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425FF4FCD377A1526C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be easily recognized in the field by its: 1) staminate flowers bearing single (sometimes 2 or 3 connate) stamens with a short filament and a narrow anther; and 2) pistillate drupes always monocarpellate, with a sharp spiniform style and an abaxial stigmatic groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1360A1DA1D1B2B425F70FC3375B152EC" box="[586,685,960,984]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="8.[118,143,1873,1893]" captionStartId-1="11.[103,129,1870,1890]" captionStartId-2="17.[103,128,1170,1190]" captionTargetBox-0="[118,1494,265,1835]" captionTargetBox-1="[102,1479,279,1835]" captionTargetBox-2="[103,1478,280,1152]" captionTargetId-2="figure-308@17.[103,1480,280,1152]" captionTargetPageId-0="8" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="Fig. 4. – Infructescences and details of stigmas of species of Benstonea Callm. & Buerki. A. Benstonea affinis (Kurz) Callm. & Buerki; B. Benstonea gibbsiana (Martelli) Callm. & Buerki; C. Benstonea ornata (Solms) Callm. & Buerki; D. Benstonea pachyphylla (Merr.) Callm. & Buerki. [Photos: M. W. Callmander]" captionText-1="Fig. 5. – Infructescences and details of stigmas of species of Benstonea Callm. & Buerki. A. Benstonea parva (Ridl.) Callm. & Buerki; B. Benstonea pectinata (Martelli) Callm. & Buerki; C. Benstonea rupestris (. C. Stone) Callm. & Buerki; D. Benstonea thomissophylla (. C. Stone) Callm. & Buerki. [Photos: M. W. Callmander]" captionText-2="Fig. 6. – Infructescence of Benstonea thurstonii (C. H. Wright) Callm. & Buerki with details of stigmas in frame. [Photo: M. W. Callmander]" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5799762" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790012" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790014" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5799762/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5790012/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5790014/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Figs. 4-6</figureCitation>
|
||
). When fertile, the only taxa with which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425CE7FC13755352CC" box="[477,591,992,1016]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425CE7FC13755352CC" box="[477,591,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can possibly be confused are some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425C86FBF377A8550C" authority="B. C. Stone" authorityName="B. C. Stone" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Solmsia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425C86FBF37535552C" box="[444,553,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425F53FBF375A3552C" box="[617,703,1024,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Solmsia</emphasis>
|
||
B. C. Stone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425DCCFBD37563550C" authority="(de Vriese) B. C. Stone" authorityName="B. C. Stone" baseAuthorityName="de Vriese" box="[246,639,1056,1080]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Rykia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
subg.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425C02FBD3766A550C" box="[312,374,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Rykia</emphasis>
|
||
(de Vriese) B. C. Stone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which also bear simple spiniform styles, but which have a stigmatic groove that is always adaxial on the style. The presence of teeth along the two ventral pleats of the leaf apex can also help to recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425D92FB537609558C" box="[168,277,1184,1208]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425D92FB537609558C" box="[168,277,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when sterile, although some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425F7FFB5375B2558C" box="[581,686,1184,1208]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425F7FFB5375B2558C" box="[581,686,1184,1208]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Pandanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species found in regions where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425C43FB3376F755EC" box="[377,491,1216,1240]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425C43FB3376F755EC" box="[377,491,1216,1240]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Benstonea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is present (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425FA9FB33761155CC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425FA9FB33741C55EC" box="[659,768,1216,1240]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
echinodermos
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Holttum & H. St. John and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D1B2B425F04FB1375E055CC" authority="Ridl." authorityName="Ridl." box="[574,764,1248,1272]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentodon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D1B2B425F04FB1375AA55CC" box="[574,694,1248,1272]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">P.pentodon</emphasis>
|
||
Ridl.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both occurring in Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D1B2B425C96FAF37513542C" box="[428,527,1280,1304]" name="Malaysia" pageId="6" pageNumber="329">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) also bear ventral apical teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D1B2B425DE5FAD3766A540C" author="STONE" box="[223,374,1312,1336]" firstAuthor="STONE" pageId="6" pageNumber="329" pagination="125 - 141" refId="ref16062" refString="STONE, B. C. (1968 a). Pandanus Stickm. in the Malayan Peninsula, Singapore, and lower Thailand. Part IV. Malay. Nat. J. 21: 125 - 141." type="journal article" year="1968" yearSuffix="a">STONE, 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |