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<mods:title id="87CBC030492477B3D67D538C491E49C6">Benstonea Callm. &amp; Buerki (Pandanaceae): characterization, circumscription, and distribution of a new genus of screw-pines, with a synopsis of accepted species</mods:title>
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38.
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<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E50FD82734D53BD" bold="true" box="[874,1105,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Benstonea rupestris</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5EB2FD4A734C53E5" box="[904,1104,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Pandanus rupestris</emphasis>
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Typus:
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E, near
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<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5EB2FBE2734B551D" box="[904,1111,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Pandanus scandens</emphasis>
B. C. Stone
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<subSubSection id="C341EED41D122B4B5EF3FBC274CB55BD" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D122B4B5EF3FBC274CB55BD" blockId="15.[828,1479,625,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<materialsCitation id="3B33B7021D122B4B5EF3FBC274CD55BD" collectingDate="1960-04-16" collectionCode="SAR" collectorName="Brunig" country="Malaysia" location="Merurong Plateau" municipality="Bintulu" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sarawak">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5EF3FBC2727A557D" bold="true" box="[969,1382,1073,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
Typus:
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D122B4B592CFBC27396557D" box="[1046,1162,1073,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">MALAYSIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="499F73BD1D122B4B59ADFBC273E2557D" box="[1175,1278,1073,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
(
<collectingRegion id="499F73BD1D122B4B583FFBC27246557D" box="[1285,1370,1073,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Borneo</collectingRegion>
):
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8027251D122B4B5848FBC272DE557D" box="[1394,1474,1073,1097]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Bintulu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E84EB841D122B4B5EB2FBA27352555D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F20C491D122B4B5E06FD8272035697:8E84EB841D122B4B5EB2FBA27352555D" box="[904,1102,1105,1129]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Bintulu" name="Merurong Plateau" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" stateProvince="Sarawak">Merurong Plateau</location>
,
<date id="FFE59B9F1D122B4B5962FBA273CF555D" box="[1112,1235,1105,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" value="1960-04-16">
<collectingDate id="EFA162771D122B4B5962FBA273CF555D" box="[1112,1235,1105,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" value="1960-04-16">16.IV.1960</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B59E5FBA27272555D" box="[1247,1390,1105,1129]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<collectorName id="26AED8891D122B4B59E5FBA27235555D" box="[1247,1321,1105,1129]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Brunig</collectorName>
29924
</emphasis>
(holo-:
<collectionCode id="ED4A259A1D122B4B5EB2FB8274DA55BD" box="[904,966,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">SAR</collectionCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D122B4B5EE7FB82732355BD" box="[989,1087,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D122B4B5EE7FB82732355BD" blockId="15.[828,1479,625,1161]" box="[989,1087,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5EE7FB82732355BD" bold="true" box="[989,1087,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21CDC361D122B4B5EE7FB82732355BD" box="[989,1087,1137,1161]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D122B4B5E50FB6A72DB55E5" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D122B4B5E50FB6A72DB55E5" blockId="15.[828,1479,1177,1233]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E50FB6A73745585" box="[874,1128,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B59BDFB6A724F5585" box="[1159,1363,1177,1201]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B59BDFB6A724F5585" box="[1159,1363,1177,1201]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Benstonea rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the lowland rainforests of
<collectingRegion id="499F73BD1D122B4B5947FB4A73DC55E5" box="[1149,1216,1209,1233]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Sabah</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingCountry id="F34CFDCF1D122B4B59CCFB4A724955E5" box="[1270,1365,1209,1233]" name="Malaysia" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Sarawak</collectingCountry>
(Borneo).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C341EED41D122B4B5E50FB1272035697" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D122B4B5E50FB1273D9574E" blockId="15.[828,1479,1249,1658]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E50FB1274E455CD" box="[874,1016,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Observations</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCAC0AE1D122B4B5923FB1273B555CD" author="STONE" box="[1049,1193,1249,1273]" firstAuthor="STONE" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" pagination="1 - 74" refId="ref16436" refString="STONE, B. C. (1978). Revisio Pandanacearum, Part I. Pandanus subgenera Coronata and Acrostigma. Flora Malesiana precursores. Fed. Mus. J. 23: 1 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978">STONE (1978)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5826FB127472542D" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5826FB127472542D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Pandanus scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a more mature infructescence than that of
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5E06FAD274A5540D" box="[828,953,1313,1337]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E06FAD27450540D" box="[828,844,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E60FAD274A5540D" box="[858,953,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which was described six years earlier. He distinguished these two taxa based on the number of syncarps (
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B58A4FAB272DB546D" box="[1438,1479,1345,1369]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5E06FA9274AA544D" box="[828,950,1377,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E06FA9274AA544D" box="[828,950,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">P.scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5ED9FA927321544D" box="[995,1085,1377,1401]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="1.778" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="in" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7 to 9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B597DFA9273D5544D" box="[1095,1225,1377,1401]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B597DFA92734B544D" box="[1095,1111,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">P</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B595CFA9273D5544D" box="[1126,1225,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and other minor morphological characters such as the leaf length (c. 3 Χ
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5861FA7272B554AD" box="[1371,1449,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="105.0">105 cm</quantity>
vs 3-4
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5E44FA5274D3548D" box="[894,975,1441,1465]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="190.0">190 cm</quantity>
) and color (glaucous vs not glaucous beneath). Recent observations in the field by MWC and SB have, however, confirmed that populations corresponding to
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B586DFA117480572E" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B586DFA117480572E" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Benstonea rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by along pendent infructescence with up to 9 oblong syncarps (sometimes 5 to 8) and that leaf length and width fall within the normal variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5875F9B172DC576E" box="[1359,1472,1602,1626]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5875F9B172DC576E" box="[1359,1472,1602,1626]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">B.rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as currently circumscribed (
<figureCitation id="1360A1DA1D122B4B595FF99173A4574E" box="[1125,1208,1634,1658]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[103,129,1870,1890]" captionTargetBox="[102,1479,279,1835]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5. Infructescences and details of stigmas of species of Benstonea Callm. &amp; Buerki. A. Benstonea parva (Ridl.) Callm. &amp; Buerki; B. Benstonea pectinata (Martelli) Callm. &amp; Buerki; C. Benstonea rupestris (. C. Stone) Callm. &amp; Buerki; D. Benstonea thomissophylla (. C. Stone) Callm. &amp; Buerki. [Photos: M. W. Callmander]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790012" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5790012/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE4BD5F1D122B4B5E50F97972035697" blockId="15.[828,1484,1674,1955]" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5E50F97973335796" box="[874,1071,1674,1698]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oresbios">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E50F97973335796" box="[874,1071,1674,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">Pandanus oresbios</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also described in 1978, is here considered as a synonym of
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5916F959721257F6" box="[1068,1294,1706,1730]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5916F959721557F6" box="[1068,1289,1706,1730]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">Benstonea rupestris</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
It was described based on an immature infructescence, and despite its apparent narrower leaves (
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5ECFF91973375636" box="[1013,1067,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
vs
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5975F91973875636" box="[1103,1179,1770,1794]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 cm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5987F91972265636" box="[1213,1338,1770,1794]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5987F91972265636" box="[1213,1338,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">B. rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and smaller syncarps (c.
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B5EF8F8F973175616" box="[962,1035,1802,1826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
in length vs
<quantity id="4CA310BA1D122B4B59AEF8F973D05616" box="[1172,1228,1802,1826]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
), it appears to represent the same entity as
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5938F8D973645676" box="[1026,1144,1834,1858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5938F8D973645676" box="[1026,1144,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">B.rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further field observations are needed to understand the relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5818F8B872885657" box="[1314,1428,1867,1891]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rupestris">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5818F8B872885657" box="[1314,1428,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">B.rupestris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5BC6DC1D122B4B5E06F89874A056B7" box="[828,956,1899,1923]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Benstonea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="15" pageNumber="338" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcinacta">
<emphasis id="B92F614D1D122B4B5E06F89874A056B7" box="[828,956,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="338">B.calcinacta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, another species that may also be part of this group but is provisionally accepted here (see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>