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<document id="F4B2ECC991520D17AEC4718581C2218E" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.192.4.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641914" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725348271910" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Maneveldt, G. W., Merwe, E. Van Der &amp; Keats, D. W." docDate="2015" docId="03E087E0A273BD30FB81FE0FFB73FB87" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.192.4.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 192 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.192.4.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Hydrolithon samoense Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="FFD9FF98A271BD39FB09FF83FFD7FFBA" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific" masterLastPageNumber="253" masterPageNumber="230" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1725353999628" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="47700F948042FABEC9D2605DB8EC24EC">Taxonomic review of Hydrolithon samoënse (Corallinaceae, Corallinales, Rhodophyta) and other taxa found to be conspecific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="936C2581E49037057899CE74D13EE4E7">Merwe, E. Van Der</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="939FF9302595797EADD3115AFDBCD8AA">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" blockId="2.[136,973,396,459]" box="[136,973,396,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<heading id="D0BE819AA273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" bold="true" box="[136,973,396,423]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" reason="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5911D8A273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" box="[136,973,396,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE810E7A273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" author="Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[136,973,396,423]" page="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" year="1994">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" authority="(Foslie) Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain, 1994: 15" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[136,973,396,423]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFB81FE0FFC1AFE1D" bold="true" box="[136,973,396,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFB81FE0FFE4EFE1C" bold="true" box="[136,409,396,423]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
(Foslie) Keats &amp; Y.M.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF9A4FE0EFC1AFE1D" author="Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[685,973,397,423]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="141 - 157" refId="ref12951" refString="Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994). Pneophyllum coronatum (Rosanoff) D. Penrose comb. nov., P. keatsii sp. nov., Spongites discoideus D. Penrose et Woelkerling and S. impar (Foslie) Chamberlain comb. nov. (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) from South Africa. Phycologia 33: 141 - 157." type="journal article" year="1994">Chamberlain, 1994: 15</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FE31FEDDFE71" blockId="2.[136,973,396,459]" box="[136,266,434,459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
(
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFB99FE31FED5FE71" box="[144,258,434,459]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5–11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12–14" captionStart-3="FIGURES 15–19" captionStart-4="FIGURES 18–21" captionStart-5="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId-0="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionStartId-1="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionStartId-2="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionStartId-3="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionStartId-4="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionStartId-5="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetBox-2="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetBox-3="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetBox-4="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetBox-5="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetId-2="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetId-3="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetId-4="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetId-5="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." captionText-1="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." captionText-2="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." captionText-3="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." captionText-4="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." captionText-5="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 1–28</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FE76FCDFFDB0" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" box="[136,776,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Basionym:—
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFA01FE76FD5AFDB0" authority="Foslie, 1906: 20" authorityName="Foslie" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,653,501,522]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Lithophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFA01FE76FE3CFDB0" box="[264,491,501,522]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Lithophyllum samoënse</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFAF8FE76FD5AFDB0" author="Foslie, M." box="[497,653,501,522]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref13051" refString="Foslie, M. (1906) Algologiske notiser. II. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1906 (2): 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1906">Foslie, 1906: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF990FE76FD2BFDB0" box="[665,764,501,522]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–4" captionStart-1="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId-0="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionStartId-1="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetBox-1="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId-0="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." captionText-1="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 1–11</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FD9AFC5BFD94" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" box="[136,908,537,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Homotypic synonyms:—
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFA73FD9AFC5FFD94" authority="(Foslie) Adey, 1970: 13" authorityName="Adey" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[378,904,537,558]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFA73FD9AFD4AFD94" box="[378,669,537,558]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Pseudolithophyllum samoënse</emphasis>
(Foslie)
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF9FAFD9AFC5FFD94" author="Adey, W. H." box="[755,904,537,558]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref12368" refString="Adey, W. H. (1970) A revision of the Foslie crustose coralline herbarium. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1970">Adey, 1970: 13</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FDBEFDC8FDCC" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Heterotypic synonyms:—
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFA77FDBEFD21FDE8" authority="Lemoine, 1929: 54" authorityName="Lemoine" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="1929" box="[382,758,573,594]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Lithophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="illitus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFA77FDBEFDECFDE8" box="[382,571,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Lithophyllum illitus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF936FDBEFD21FDE8" author="Lemoine" box="[575,758,573,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="19 - 68" refId="ref13350" refString="Lemoine, Mme. P. (1929) Melobesieae. Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Meddelelser 8: 19 - 68." type="journal article" year="1929">Lemoine, 1929: 54</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BF9F6FDBEFA92FDE8" authority="(Lemoine) Afonso-Carrillo, 1984: 133" authorityName="Afonso-Carrillo" authorityPageNumber="133" authorityYear="1984" baseAuthorityName="Lemoine" box="[767,1349,573,594]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Neogoniolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="illitus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF9F6FDBEFC07FDE8" box="[767,976,573,594]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Neogoniolithon illitus</emphasis>
(Lemoine)
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFF37FDBEFA92FDE8" author="Afonso-Carrillo, J." box="[1086,1349,573,594]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="127 - 144" refId="ref12521" refString="Afonso-Carrillo, J. (1984) Estudios en las algas Corallinaceae (Rhodophyta) de las Islas Canarias. II. Notas taxonomicas. Vieraea 13: 127 - 144." type="journal article" year="1984">Afonso-Carrillo, 1984: 133</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFE47FDBEFDCBFDCC" authority="Afonso-Carrillo, 1988: 99" authorityName="Afonso-Carrillo" authorityPageNumber="99" authorityYear="1988" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Spongites" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="wildpretii">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFE47FDBEFECEFDCC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Spongites wildpretii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFA16FDE2FDCBFDCC" author="Afonso-Carrillo, J." box="[287,540,609,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref12553" refString="Afonso-Carrillo, J. (1988) Structure and reproduction of Spongites wildpretii sp. nov. (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands, with observations and comments on Spongites abisimile comb. nov. British Phycological Journal 23: 89 - 102." type="journal article" year="1988">Afonso-Carrillo, 1988: 99</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FD06FADAFD58" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BFB81FD06FF39FD20" box="[136,238,645,666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:—TRH!, A2-111; originally unnumbered.
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BF988FD06FD36FD20" box="[641,737,645,666]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
designated by Woelkerling (1993: 193). Previous references to typification were by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFA10FD2AFE0AFD04" author="Dawson, E. Y." box="[281,477,681,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="3 - 125" refId="ref13017" refString="Dawson, E. Y. (1960) Marine red algae of Pacific Mexico. Part 3. Cryptonemiales, Corallinaceae subf. Melobesioideae. Pacific Naturalist 2: 3 - 125." type="journal article" year="1960">Dawson (1960: 50)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFAE2FD2AFCC2FD04" author="Adey, W. H. &amp; Lebednik, P. A." box="[491,789,681,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" refId="ref12439" refString="Adey, W. H. &amp; Lebednik, P. A. (1967) Catalog of the Foslie Herbarium. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondheim, 92 pp." type="book" year="1967">Adey &amp; Lebednik (1967: 17)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BF84FFD2AFC11FD04" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1837" box="[838,966,681,702]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Lithophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF84FFD2AFC11FD04" box="[838,966,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Lithophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF8D4FD2AFB51FD04" author="Adey, W. H." box="[989,1158,681,702]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref12368" refString="Adey, W. H. (1970) A revision of the Foslie crustose coralline herbarium. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1970">Adey (1970: 13)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFFBFFD2AFAA1FD04" box="[1206,1398,681,702]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFFBFFD2AFAA1FD04" box="[1206,1398,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Pseudolithophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFBB4FD4EFE67FD58" author="Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[189,432,717,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" pagination="141 - 157" refId="ref12951" refString="Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994). Pneophyllum coronatum (Rosanoff) D. Penrose comb. nov., P. keatsii sp. nov., Spongites discoideus D. Penrose et Woelkerling and S. impar (Foslie) Chamberlain comb. nov. (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae) from South Africa. Phycologia 33: 141 - 157." type="journal article" year="1994">Chamberlain (1994: 126)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFAD1FD4EFD9BFD58" box="[472,588,717,738]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFAD1FD4EFD9BFD58" box="[472,588,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Hydrolithon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BF969FD4EFD17FD58" box="[608,704,717,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
illustrated in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF84CFD4EFC17FD58" author="Printz, H." box="[837,960,717,738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" refId="ref13747" refString="Printz, H. (1929) M. Foslie - ' Contributions to a Monograph of the Lithothamnia'. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondhjem. 60 pp. + 75 pls." type="book" year="1929">Printz (1929</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 53,
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFF05FD4EFB86FD58" box="[1036,1105,717,738]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) (as
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFF89FD4EFAD7FD58" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1837" box="[1152,1280,717,738]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Lithophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFF89FD4EFAD7FD58" box="[1152,1280,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Lithophyllum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FD72FE18FC90" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BFB81FD72FF0BFCBC" box="[136,220,753,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
material also exist in PC (unnumbered, Thuret-Bornet Herbarium [box collection, filed under
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFF74FD72FABAFCBC" box="[1149,1389,753,774]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Hapalidiaceae" genus="Lithothamnion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="decipiens">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFF74FD72FABAFCBC" box="[1149,1389,753,774]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Lithothamnion decipiens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]) (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFBB4FC96FE13FC90" author="Woelkerling, Wm. J. &amp; Lamy, D." box="[189,452,789,810]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" refId="ref14137" refString="Woelkerling, Wm. J. &amp; Lamy, D. (1998) Non-geniculate Coralline Red Algae and the Paris Museum: Systematics and Scientific History. Publications Scientifiques du Museum / ADAC, Paris, 767 pp." type="book" year="1998">Woelkerling &amp; Lamy 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FCBAFD46FCF4" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" box="[136,657,825,846]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Type locality:—Satana, Saraii Island,
<collectingCountry id="F35E7666A273BD3BFAFCFCBAFD5AFCF4" box="[501,653,825,846]" name="Samoa" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Western Samoa</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FCDEFC50FCC8" blockId="2.[136,1452,501,882]" box="[136,903,861,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Etymology:—
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A273BD3BFA1FFCDEFEA1FCC8" authorityName="Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[278,374,861,882]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
‘
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFA10FCDEFEA1FCC8" box="[281,374,861,882]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ refers to the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BFAF5FCDEFDF2FCC8" box="[508,549,861,882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
locality in the Samoan island group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FC1FFA52FC0F" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" box="[136,1413,924,949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Specimens examined:—In addition to the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BF953FC1FFD13FC0F" box="[602,708,924,949]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, 14 representative specimens were examined during this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C353657DA273BD3EFB81FC43FCDEF791" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="237" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FC43FC29FC47" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFB81FC43FCBFFC63" box="[136,872,960,985]" collectingDate="1994-08-03" collectionCode="B" collectorName="D Keats" country="Fiji" location="Suva Point" municipality="Suva" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 94" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F35E7666A273BD3BFB81FC43FF6EFC63" box="[136,185,960,985]" name="Fiji" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">FIJI</collectingCountry>
.
<location id="8E96602DA273BD3BFBCEFC43FE9EFC63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E0A273BD30FB81FE0FFB73FB87:8E96602DA273BD3BFBCEFC43FE9EFC63" box="[199,329,960,985]" country="Fiji" municipality="Suva" name="Suva Point" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Suva Point</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC8CA273BD3BFA51FC43FE47FC63" box="[344,400,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Suva</collectingMunicipality>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFAADFC43FDD3FC63" box="[420,516,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFAADFC43FDD3FC63" box="[420,516,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BF91FFC43FD45FC63" box="[534,658,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1994-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BF91FFC43FD45FC63" box="[534,658,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1994-08-03">3.viii.1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BF9A8FC43FCDCFC63" box="[673,779,960,985]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 94</specimenCode>
/1146
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BF847FC43FCB7FC63" box="[846,864,960,985]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BF87EFC43FF27FC47" collectingDate="1995-11-23" collectionCode="UWC" collectorName="D Keats" country="Fiji" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 95" specimenCount="1">
Suva Lagoon, Suva (
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFF66FC43FB19FC63" box="[1135,1230,960,985]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFF66FC43FB19FC63" box="[1135,1230,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BFFE9FC43FA8CFC63" box="[1248,1371,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1995-11-23">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFFE9FC43FA8CFC63" box="[1248,1371,960,985]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1995-11-23">23.xi.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BFE63FC43FF72FC47" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 95</specimenCode>
/1515)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFBF5FC67FC2EFC47" box="[252,1017,996,1021]" collectingDate="1995-11-26" collectionCode="UWC" collectorName="D Keats" country="Fiji" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 95" specimenCount="1">
Fish Patch, Suva Barrier Reef (
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF953FC67FD62FC47" box="[602,693,996,1021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BF953FC67FD62FC47" box="[602,693,996,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BF9CAFC67FCEAFC47" box="[707,829,996,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1995-11-26">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BF9CAFC67FCEAFC47" box="[707,829,996,1021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1995-11-26">26.xi.1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BF840FC67FC79FC47" box="[841,942,996,1021]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 95</specimenCode>
/1523)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFBB4FB8BFC64FB6F" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFBB4FB8BFA95FB9B" box="[189,1346,1032,1057]" collectingDate="1991-11-07" collectionCode="A" country="South Africa" county="Jesser Point" location="Keats" municipality="Sodwana Bay" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 91" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">
<collectingCountry id="F35E7666A273BD3BFBB4FB8BFE5AFB9B" box="[189,397,1032,1057]" name="South Africa" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="498DF814A273BD3BFA93FB8BFD9DFB9B" box="[410,586,1032,1057]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Kwazulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty id="62974E7AA273BD3BF95EFB8BFD36FB9B" box="[599,737,1032,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Jesser Point</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC8CA273BD3BF9E6FB8BFC5AFB9B" box="[751,909,1032,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Sodwana Bay</collectingMunicipality>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF8A9FB8BFC29FB9B" box="[928,1022,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
D
<location id="8E96602DA273BD3BF8B7FB8BFC29FB9B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E0A273BD30FB81FE0FFB73FB87:8E96602DA273BD3BF8B7FB8BFC29FB9B" box="[958,1022,1032,1057]" country="South Africa" county="Jesser Point" municipality="Sodwana Bay" name="Keats" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Keats</location>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BFF07FB8BFBADFB9B" box="[1038,1146,1032,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1991-11-07">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFF07FB8BFBADFB9B" box="[1038,1146,1032,1057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1991-11-07">7.xi.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BFF80FB8BFB27FB9B" box="[1161,1264,1032,1057]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 91</specimenCode>
/179
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BFE2DFB8BFAEDFB9B" box="[1316,1338,1032,1057]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFE59FB8BFB42FBD3" collectingDate="1992-05-18" collectingDateMax="1993-06-21" collectingDateMin="1992-05-18" collectionCode="G, GW" collectorName="D Keats" country="South Africa" location="Hangklip" municipality="Holbaaipunt" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 92, UWC 93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="498DF814A273BD3BFE59FB8BFF11FBFF" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC8CA273BD3BFBD8FBAFFE89FBFF" box="[209,350,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Holbaaipunt</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingRegion id="498DF814A273BD3BFA62FBAFFE72FBFF" box="[363,421,1068,1093]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Cape</collectingRegion>
<location id="8E96602DA273BD3BFAA5FBAFFDC3FBFF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E0A273BD30FB81FE0FFB73FB87:8E96602DA273BD3BFAA5FBAFFDC3FBFF" box="[428,532,1068,1093]" country="South Africa" municipality="Holbaaipunt" name="Hangklip" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" stateProvince="Western Cape">Hangklip</location>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF92FFBAFFD55FBFF" box="[550,642,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BF92FFBAFFD55FBFF" box="[550,642,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BF998FBAFFCD6FBFF" box="[657,769,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1992-05-18">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BF998FBAFFCD6FBFF" box="[657,769,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1992-05-18">18.v.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BF807FBAFFCA3FBFF" box="[782,884,1068,1093]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 92</specimenCode>
/98;
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF8AEFBAFFBD4FBFF" box="[935,1027,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BF8AEFBAFFBD4FBFF" box="[935,1027,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BFF1BFBAFFBA9FBFF" box="[1042,1150,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1992-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFF1BFBAFFBA9FBFF" box="[1042,1150,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1992-06-01">1.vi.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BFF82FBAFFB25FBFF" box="[1163,1266,1068,1093]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 92</specimenCode>
/146;
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFE3BFBAFFECDFBD3" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFE3BFBAFFA59FBFF" box="[1330,1422,1068,1093]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BFB81FBD3FF4BFBD3" box="[136,156,1104,1129]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
Maneveldt
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BFA20FBD3FE4DFBD3" box="[297,410,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1993-05-21">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFA20FBD3FE4DFBD3" box="[297,410,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1993-05-21">21.v.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BFAAFFBD3FDDBFBD3" box="[422,524,1104,1129]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 93</specimenCode>
/58;
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF936FBD3FCBEFBD3" box="[575,873,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BF936FBD3FD4CFBD3" box="[575,667,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">D Keats</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BF9C9FBD3FD3BFBD3" box="[704,748,1104,1129]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14743" name="West of Scotland College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">GW</collectionCode>
Maneveldt
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BF871FBD3FC25FBD3" box="[888,1010,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1993-06-21">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BF871FBD3FC25FBD3" box="[888,1010,1104,1129]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1993-06-21">21.vi.1993</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BF8F6FBD3FBB2FBD3" box="[1023,1125,1104,1129]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 93</specimenCode>
/70)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFFA9FBD3FB94FB37" collectingDate="2008-04-04" collectionCode="GW, U" collectorName="Maneveldt &amp; van Bloemestein" country="South Africa" location="Tsitsikamma" municipality="Nature's Valley" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 08" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="498DF814A273BD3BFFA9FBD3FA96FBD3" box="[1184,1345,1104,1129]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6B92AC8CA273BD3BFE44FBD3FF06FB37" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Nature’s Valley</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E96602DA273BD3BFBD4FBF7FEBBFB37" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087E0A273BD30FB81FE0FFB73FB87:8E96602DA273BD3BFBD4FBF7FEBBFB37" box="[221,364,1140,1165]" country="South Africa" municipality="Nature's Valley" name="Tsitsikamma" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" stateProvince="Western Cape">Tsitsikamma</location>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BFA77FBF7FCF1FB37" box="[382,806,1140,1165]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BFA77FBF7FE7DFB37" box="[382,426,1140,1165]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14743" name="West of Scotland College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">GW</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFABBFBF7FDFFFB37" box="[434,552,1140,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Maneveldt</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BF946FBF7FDB4FB37" box="[591,611,1140,1165]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15513" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">U</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BF965FBF7FCF1FB37" box="[620,806,1140,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">van Bloemestein</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BF83FFBF7FC77FB37" box="[822,928,1140,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="2008-04-04">
<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BF83FFBF7FC77FB37" box="[822,928,1140,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="2008-04-04">4.iv.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCode id="DBEF9E8DA273BD3BF8A4FBF7FBC2FB37" box="[941,1045,1140,1165]" collectionCode="UWC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">UWC 08</specimenCode>
/05)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B213CABA273BD3BFF59FBF7FCC6FB0B" collectingDate="2009-06-06" collectionCode="GW, E" collectorName="Maneveldt &amp; van der Merwe" country="South Africa" location="Struisbaai" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" specimenCode="UWC 09" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape">
<collectingRegion id="498DF814A273BD3BFF59FBF7FB25FB37" box="[1104,1266,1140,1165]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
:
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(
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<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFB81FB1BFF29FB0B" box="[136,254,1176,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Maneveldt</collectorName>
&amp;
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<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFA35FB1BFE30FB0B" box="[316,487,1176,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">van der Merwe</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
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<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFAFCFB1BFDB6FB0B" box="[501,609,1176,1201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="2009-06-06">6.vi.2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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/102)
</materialsCitation>
;
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,
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&amp;
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<collectorName id="26BC5320A273BD3BFB81FB3FFEE5FB6F" box="[136,306,1212,1237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">van der Merwe</collectorName>
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,
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<collectingDate id="EFB3E9DEA273BD3BFA49FB3FFE6EFB6F" box="[320,441,1212,1237]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="2010-06-12">12.vi.2010</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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/107;
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/110,
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/113)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFBB4FB63FAADFB43" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" box="[189,1402,1248,1273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<collectingCountry id="F35E7666A273BD3BFBB4FB63FEFAFB43" box="[189,301,1248,1273]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
. Wanlitong Bay, southern Taiwan (
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A273BD3BF9BCFB63FBE8FB43" box="[693,1087,1248,1273]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
D Keats,
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BF817FB63FC9DFB43" box="[798,842,1248,1273]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14743" name="West of Scotland College of Agriculture" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">GW</collectionCode>
Maneveldt &amp;
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A273BD3BF8E3FB63FC21FB43" box="[1002,1014,1248,1273]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
Lewis
</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFF71036A273BD3BFF44FB63FB10FB43" box="[1101,1223,1248,1273]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" value="1998-09-17">17.ix.1998</date>
,
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98/322).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFB81FA87FECBFADF" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Distribution:—The species has been reported from the north eastern Atlantic, tropical western Atlantic, south eastern Atlantic, the Indian, and the western and eastern Pacific Oceans. See
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BF899FAABFB5EFAFB" author="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M." box="[912,1161,1320,1345]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" refId="ref13132" refString="Guiry, M. D. &amp; Guiry, G. M. (2014) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: http: // www. algaebase. org (accessed 24 October 2014)." type="url" year="2014">Guiry &amp; Guiry (2014)</bibRefCitation>
for a detailed distribution with sources.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFBB4FAF3FC73FA4F" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Habitat:—On tropical to subtropical reefs the species has been recorded to
<quantity id="4CB19B13A273BD3BFF16FAF3FB8DFA33" box="[1055,1114,1392,1417]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
depth, occurring epilithically on boulders and epizoically on dead coral skeletons. On temperate shores the species has been recorded to occur epilithically on boulders in high and mid-shore rock pools and epilithically on boulders and the primary substratum (bedrock) on the low shore and the shallow subtidal zone to
<quantity id="4CB19B13A273BD3BF825FA5FFC80FA4F" box="[812,855,1500,1525]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
depth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFBB4F983FAF9F93F" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
Appearance and vegetative anatomy:—
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BF977F983FD27F9A3" box="[638,752,1536,1561]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
collection contains several epilithic individuals that are thin and adherent, measuring up to
<quantity id="4CB19B13A273BD3BFAE6F9A7FD96F987" box="[495,577,1572,1597]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter and up to 375 μm thick (see also
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A273BD3BFF69F9A7FB3FF987" author="Printz, H." box="[1120,1256,1572,1597]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" refId="ref13747" refString="Printz, H. (1929) M. Foslie - ' Contributions to a Monograph of the Lithothamnia'. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondhjem. 60 pp. + 75 pls." type="book" year="1929">Printz 1929</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 53,
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFE40F9A7FA49F987" box="[1353,1438,1572,1597]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
). Thalli encrusting (smooth), lacking protuberances, individual margins adherent, lacking orbital ridges. Small ridges (upgrowths), however, occur where margins of two or more individual thalli meet. Surface texture is matt.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A273BD3BFBB4F913FDBCF851" blockId="2.[136,1452,924,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BFBB4F913FEFAF913" box="[189,301,1680,1705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
thallus fragments monomerous and dorsiventrally organised (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF8E9F913FB93F913" box="[992,1092,1680,1705]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
). Medullary region consists of a central plumose (non-coaxial) core (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF915F937FDA8F977" box="[540,639,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 1, 3</figureCitation>
), with square to rectangular cells that measure 5–19 μm in length and 3– 17 μm in diameter. Cells of cortical filaments squat to rectangular appearing bead-like and measure 3–15 μm in length and 3–9 μm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFAADF978FE3EF8AE" box="[420,489,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Cell fusions abundant (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF808F978FCB1F8AE" box="[769,870,1787,1812]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
); secondary pit connections not seen. Subepithallial initials square to rectangular, and measure 5–12 μm in length and 5–7 μm in diameter (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFF43F89CFB58F882" box="[1098,1167,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Epithallial cells solitary (up to 2 when shedding), squat to elliptical (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF965F8C0FD78F8E6" box="[620,687,1859,1884]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), and measure 4–6 μm in length and 5–7 μm in diameter. Trichocytes common, occurring singly, in pairs and/or in small vertical rows (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BF866F8E4FC00F83A" box="[879,983,1895,1920]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Figs 2, 4</figureCitation>
). Trichocyte chains comprise 2–5 cells; a megacell, and up to 4 support cells. Trichocytes rectangular to bottle-shaped to elongate, and measure 16–31 μm in length and 7–10 μm in diameter. Trichocytes overgrown and buried in the thallus (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A273BD3BFF1CF82DFB8EF87D" box="[1045,1113,1966,1991]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Data on measured characters in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A273BD3BFBC7F851FEE2F851" box="[206,309,2002,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6CB034DA273BD3BF918F851FDB2F851" box="[529,613,2002,2027]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[135,223,645,668]" captionText="TABLE 1. A comparison of the appearance and vegetative anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for H. samoënse by Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994). Unless" pageId="2" pageNumber="232">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA272BD3AFB8EFD06F7D1FD26" box="[135,2054,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" startId="3.[135,223,645,668]" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A272BD3AFB8EFD06F7D1FD26" blockId="3.[135,2054,645,704]" box="[135,2054,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFB8EFD06FF2EFD26" bold="true" box="[135,249,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
A comparison of the appearance and vegetative anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFEC2FD06F984FD26" authorityName="Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[1483,1619,645,668]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFEC2FD06F984FD26" box="[1483,1619,645,668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">H. samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A272BD3AFD71FD06F879FD26" author="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[1656,1966,645,668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref13282" refString="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994) Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and H. samoense (Foslie) comb. nov. from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 60: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1994">Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994)</bibRefCitation>
. Unless
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A272BD3AFB8EFD2AFD06FD7A" blockId="3.[135,2054,645,704]" box="[135,721,681,704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">otherwise stated, all measurements are in micrometres.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A272BD3AFB9BFD50F815F99F" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<table id="F949C456A27242C6FB9BFD50F807F9F3" box="[146,2000,723,1609]" gridcols="7" gridrows="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFD50F807FC8A" box="[146,2000,723,816]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFD50FE40FC8A" box="[146,407,723,816]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Character</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFD50FD75FC8A" box="[468,674,723,816]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFAF7FD50FDAFFD52" authorityName="Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[510,632,723,744]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFAF7FD50FDAFFD52" box="[510,632,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">H. samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(this study)
</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FD50FC62FC8A" box="[728,949,723,816]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AF80FFD50FC57FD52" authorityName="Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[774,896,723,744]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AF80FFD50FC57FD52" box="[774,896,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">H. samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lectotype – this study)
</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FD50FB60FC8A" box="[991,1207,723,816]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFF07FD50FBBCFC8A" authority="Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994)" authorityName="Keats &amp; Chamberlain" authorityYear="1994" class="Florideophyceae" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Pseudolithophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Corallinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFF07FD50FB5FFD52" box="[1038,1160,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">H. samoënse</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A272BD3AF8EBFD74FBBCFC8A" author="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="233" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref13282" refString="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994) Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and H. samoense (Foslie) comb. nov. from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 60: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1994">Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFD50FA15FC8A" box="[1253,1474,723,816]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFE06FD50FA4FFD52" authorityName="W. H. Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[1295,1432,723,744]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Neogoniolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="caribaeum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFE06FD50FA4FFD52" box="[1295,1432,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">N. caribaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lectotype – this study)
</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFD50F91CFC8A" box="[1522,1739,723,816]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFD23FD50F95BFD52" authorityName="W. H. Adey" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[1578,1676,723,744]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Neogoniolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="erosum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFD23FD50F95BFD52" box="[1578,1676,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">N. erosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(holotype – this study)
</th>
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFD50F807FC8A" box="[1782,2000,723,816]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFC2BFD50F872FD52" authorityName="W. H. Adey, R. A. Townsend &amp; Boykins" authorityYear="1982" box="[1826,1957,723,744]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Neogoniolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="rugulosum">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A272BD3AFC2BFD50F872FD52" box="[1826,1957,723,744]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">N. rugulosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(paratype – this study)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFCC0F807FC1A" box="[146,2000,835,928]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFCC0FE40FC1A" box="[146,407,835,928]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
Growth
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A272BD3AFBEBFCC0FEC6FCE2" box="[226,273,835,856]" form="encrusting" pageId="3" pageNumber="233" rank="form">form</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFCC0FD75FC1A" box="[468,674,835,928]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth) (mostly) to warty</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FCC0FC62FC1A" box="[728,949,835,928]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth)</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FCC0FB60FC1A" box="[991,1207,835,928]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth) to slightly protuberant (warty)</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFCC0FA15FC1A" box="[1253,1474,835,928]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth)</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFCC0F91CFC1A" box="[1522,1739,835,928]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth)</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFCC0F807FC1A" box="[1782,2000,835,928]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">encrusting (smooth) to slightly lumpy</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFC31F807FC51" box="[146,2000,946,1003]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFC31FE40FC51" box="[146,407,946,1003]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Trichocyte arrangement</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFC31FD75FC51" box="[468,674,946,1003]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly, in pairs and in small vertical rows</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FC31FC62FC51" box="[728,949,946,1003]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly, in pairs and in small vertical rows</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FC31FB60FC51" box="[991,1207,946,1003]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFC31FA15FC51" box="[1253,1474,946,1003]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly and paired</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFC31F91CFC51" box="[1522,1739,946,1003]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFC31F807FC51" box="[1782,2000,946,1003]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">singly and paired</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFC7EF807FB8C" box="[146,2000,1021,1078]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFC7EFE40FB8C" box="[146,407,1021,1078]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Trichocyte dimensions (L = length; D = diameter)</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFC7EFD75FB8C" box="[468,674,1021,1078]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 7–31; D = 5–16</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FC7EFC62FB8C" box="[728,949,1021,1078]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 16–31; D = 7–10</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FC7EFB60FB8C" box="[991,1207,1021,1078]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">ca. L = 14; D = 9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFC7EFA15FB8C" box="[1253,1474,1021,1078]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 8–27; D = 5–10</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFC7EF91CFB8C" box="[1522,1739,1021,1078]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 19–27; D = 6–12</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFC7EF807FB8C" box="[1782,2000,1021,1078]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 16–27; D = 10–15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFBCAF807FBE4" box="[146,2000,1097,1118]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFBCAFE40FBE4" box="[146,407,1097,1118]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Epithallial cell shape</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFBCAFD75FBE4" box="[468,674,1097,1118]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elliptical</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FBCAFC62FBE4" box="[728,949,1097,1118]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elliptical</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FBCAFB60FBE4" box="[991,1207,1097,1118]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFBCAFA15FBE4" box="[1253,1474,1097,1118]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elliptical</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFBCAF91CFBE4" box="[1522,1739,1097,1118]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elliptical</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFBCAF807FBE4" box="[1782,2000,1097,1118]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elliptical</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFBF3F807FB13" box="[146,2000,1136,1193]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFBF3FE40FB13" box="[146,407,1136,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Epithallial cell dimensions (L = length; D = diameter)</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFBF3FD75FB13" box="[468,674,1136,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 2–7; D = 3–10</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FBF3FC62FB13" box="[728,949,1136,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–6; D = 5–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FBF3FB60FB13" box="[991,1207,1136,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 2–4; D = 4–6</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFBF3FA15FB13" box="[1253,1474,1136,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–6; D = 3–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFBF3F91CFB13" box="[1522,1739,1136,1193]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–6; D = 5–9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFBF3F807FB13" box="[1782,2000,1136,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 2–9; D = 3–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFB38F807FB6A" box="[146,2000,1211,1232]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFB38FE40FB6A" box="[146,407,1211,1232]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Subepithallial cell shape</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFB38FD75FB6A" box="[468,674,1211,1232]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FB38FC62FB6A" box="[728,949,1211,1232]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FB38FB60FB6A" box="[991,1207,1211,1232]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elongate</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFB38FA15FB6A" box="[1253,1474,1211,1232]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFB38F91CFB6A" box="[1522,1739,1211,1232]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFB38F807FB6A" box="[1782,2000,1211,1232]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFB60F807FAFA" box="[146,2000,1251,1344]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFB60FE40FAFA" box="[146,407,1251,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Subepithallial cell dimensions (L = length; D = diameter)</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFB60FD75FAFA" box="[468,674,1251,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–15; D = 3–10</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FB60FC62FAFA" box="[728,949,1251,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 5–12; D = 5–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FB60FB60FAFA" box="[991,1207,1251,1344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 5–12; D = 3–6</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFB60FA15FAFA" box="[1253,1474,1251,1344]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–11; D = 4–6</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFB60F91CFAFA" box="[1522,1739,1251,1344]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–12; D = 5–9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFB60F807FAFA" box="[1782,2000,1251,1344]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 7–15; D = 6–10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFAD1F807FA31" box="[146,2000,1362,1419]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFAD1FE40FA31" box="[146,407,1362,1419]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Cortical cell shape</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFAD1FD75FA31" box="[468,674,1362,1419]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to rectangular, often also bead-like</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FAD1FC62FA31" box="[728,949,1362,1419]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to rectangular, often also bead-like</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FAD1FB60FA31" box="[991,1207,1362,1419]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to elongate, squarish and bead-like</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFAD1FA15FA31" box="[1253,1474,1362,1419]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square, bead-like</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFAD1F91CFA31" box="[1522,1739,1362,1419]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFAD1F807FA31" box="[1782,2000,1362,1419]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">squat to rectangular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFA1EF807FA6C" box="[146,2000,1437,1494]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFA1EFE40FA6C" box="[146,407,1437,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Cortical cell dimensions (L = length; D = diameter)</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFA1EFD75FA6C" box="[468,674,1437,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–15; D = 3–13</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FA1EFC62FA6C" box="[728,949,1437,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–15; D = 3–9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FA1EFB60FA6C" box="[991,1207,1437,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–9; D = 4–9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFA1EFA15FA6C" box="[1253,1474,1437,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–6; D = 3–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFA1EF91CFA6C" box="[1522,1739,1437,1494]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 5–11; D = 4–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFA1EF807FA6C" box="[1782,2000,1437,1494]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–10; D = 5–14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BFA6AF807FA44" box="[146,2000,1513,1534]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BFA6AFE40FA44" box="[146,407,1513,1534]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Medullary cell shape</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDFA6AFD75FA44" box="[468,674,1513,1534]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to elongate</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1FA6AFC62FA44" box="[728,949,1513,1534]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6FA6AFB60FA44" box="[991,1207,1513,1534]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">elongate</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECFA6AFA15FA44" box="[1253,1474,1513,1534]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBFA6AF91CFA44" box="[1522,1739,1513,1534]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to elongate</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFFA6AF807FA44" box="[1782,2000,1513,1534]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">square to rectangular</td>
</tr>
<tr id="357934B4A27242C6FB9BF993F807F9F3" box="[146,2000,1552,1609]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">
<th id="76A85DC8A27242C6FB9BF993FE40F9F3" box="[146,407,1552,1609]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">Medullary cell dimensions (L = length; D = diameter)</th>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FADDF993FD75F9F3" box="[468,674,1552,1609]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–31; D = 3–17</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F9D1F993FC62F9F3" box="[728,949,1552,1609]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 5–19; D = 3–17</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6F8D6F993FB60F9F3" box="[991,1207,1552,1609]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 4–8; D = 3–9</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FFECF993FA15F9F3" box="[1253,1474,1552,1609]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 3–16; D = 3–8</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FEFBF993F91CF9F3" box="[1522,1739,1552,1609]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 7–31; D = 4–7</td>
<td id="76A85DC8A27242C6FDFFF993F807F9F3" box="[1782,2000,1552,1609]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="233">L = 6–17; D = 4–11</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA275BD3DFB81FC39FBC4FC75" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641916" box="[136,1043,954,975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" startId="4.[136,243,954,975]" targetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFB81FC39FBC4FC75" blockId="4.[136,1452,954,1193]" box="[136,1043,954,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DFB81FC39FEF4FC75" bold="true" box="[136,291,954,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A275BD3DF9ABFC39FCAEFC75" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[674,889,954,975]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DF9ABFC39FCAEFC75" box="[674,889,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TRH A2-111).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFB81FC5DFD98FB13" blockId="4.[136,1452,954,1193]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DFB81FC5DFED7FC49" bold="true" box="[136,256,990,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFB81FC5DFF2DFC49" box="[136,250,990,1011]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 1</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical fracture through the thallus margin under SEM showing a monomerous thallus construction, the location of the epithallial cell layer (arrow) and cortical (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A275BD3DF913FC78FDFCFBAA" box="[538,555,1019,1040]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
) and medullary filaments (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A275BD3DF839FC78FC90FBAA" box="[816,839,1019,1040]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
) (scale bar = 60 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DFF16FC78FB43FBAA" bold="true" box="[1055,1172,1019,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFF16FC78FB58FBAA" box="[1055,1167,1019,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 2</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical fracture of the outer thallus under SEM showing numerous solitary trichocytes in short vertical rows (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A275BD3DF8AAFB9BFC64FB97" box="[931,947,1048,1069]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">T</collectionCode>
) both at the surface and buried in the thallus (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DFA1FFBB5FE5AFBF1" bold="true" box="[278,397,1078,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFA1FFBB5FE5FFBF1" box="[278,392,1078,1099]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 3</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical fracture of the ventral region of the thallus under SEM showing the plumose medullary region with extensive cell fusions (f) between adjacent filaments (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A275BD3DF84AFBD0FC6FFBD2" bold="true" box="[835,952,1107,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DF84AFBD0FC65FBD2" box="[835,946,1107,1128]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–4" captionStartId="4.[136,243,954,975]" captionTargetBox="[196,1387,182,925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,169,936]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1–4. Vegetative anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641916" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641916/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">FIGURE 4</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single epithallial cell layer (arrowhead), a solitary trichocyte (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A275BD3DF9ABFBF3FD64FB3F" box="[674,691,1136,1157]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">T</collectionCode>
), a subepithallial initial (i), a first cortical cell (c) and cell fusions (f) between adjacent cortical filaments (scale bar = 15 μm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFBB4FB59FC00FA55" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Features evident in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A275BD3DFADFFB59FDEAFB49" box="[470,573,1242,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are present in various other specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFF93FB59FB21FB49" box="[1178,1270,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFE0EFB59FA86FB49" box="[1287,1361,1242,1267]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">15–17</figureCitation>
). Thalli monomerous, dorsiventrally organised, and have similar features and proportions (but greater ranges) of medullary and cortical filaments, subepithallial and epithallial cells, and trichocytes. Data on measured characters are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6CB034DA275BD3DFB81FAC5FF0AFAE5" box="[136,221,1350,1375]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[135,223,645,668]" captionText="TABLE 1. A comparison of the appearance and vegetative anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for H. samoënse by Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994). Unless" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Greater variation occurs in growth
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A275BD3DF971FAC5FD09FAE5" box="[632,734,1350,1375]" form="and" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" rank="form">form and</taxonomicName>
habitat across the species as a whole. Individual thalli measure up to
<quantity id="4CB19B13A275BD3DFBC1FAE9FEF2FA39" box="[200,293,1386,1411]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
in diameter and are variably thin (75 μm) to 800 μm thick. Thalli mostly encrusting (smooth) (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFE5BFAE9FA74FA39" box="[1362,1443,1386,1411]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) to minutely warty. Colour in living thalli generally gleaming purplish-red to brilliant pink. Craters of old conceptacles and swirls of sloughing epithallial cells commonly observed at the surface (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DF8DAFA31FBF1FA71" box="[979,1062,1458,1483]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Conceptacles crowded across the thallus surface appearing as tiny, white discs in fresh material (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DF841FA55FC1EFA55" box="[840,969,1494,1519]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFBB4FA79FC16F9A9" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" box="[189,961,1530,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Reproduction:—Gametangial thalli from the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A275BD3DF9BEFA79FCC9F9A9" box="[695,798,1530,1555]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are dioecious.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFBB4F99DFB2FF919" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Spermatangial conceptacles small and inconspicuous, and measure 75–150 μm in external diameter (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFE5CF99DFA4AF98D" box="[1365,1437,1566,1591]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Conceptacle roofs more-or-less flush with the surrounding thallus surface. Conceptacle chambers wide and shallow to elliptical, and measure 37–62 μm in diameter and 19–29 μm high, with the roof 10–16 μm thick. Simple spermatangial systems restricted to the conceptacle chamber floor. Spermatangial conceptacles buried in the thallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFB81F92DFE0CF8ED" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Carpogonial conceptacles small and inconspicuous, and measure 145–200 μm in external diameter. Conceptacle roofs slightly raised above the surrounding thallus surface and measure 11–30 μm thick. Conceptacle chambers elliptical to spherical to flask-shaped (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFAD9F975FDC2F8B5" box="[464,533,1782,1807]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), and measure 56–80 μm in diameter and 25–30 μm high. Carpogonial branches 3–4 celled, occurring centrally on the chamber floor. Carpogonial conceptacles appear to be shed as none have been observed buried in the thallus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFBB4F8E1FC00F8C1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" box="[189,983,1890,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Carposporangial conceptacles have not been observed in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A275BD3DF861F8E1FC05F8C1" box="[872,978,1890,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A275BD3DFBB4F805FA48F7B1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1242,2059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">
Tetrasporangial conceptacles small, more-or-less flush with the thallus surface, to slightly raised above it, and measure 140–190 μm in external diameter (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DF971F829FD09F879" box="[632,734,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Figs 7, 8</figureCitation>
). Conceptacle chambers elliptical to spherical (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A275BD3DFFF1F829FABAF879" box="[1272,1389,1962,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="234">Figs 8, 10</figureCitation>
), and measure 56–130 μm in diameter and 31–60 μm high, with the roof 15–28 μm thick. Conceptacle roof 2–4 (mostly 3) cells thick, comprising a single squat to elliptical to spherical epithallial cell, a single columnar meristematic cell
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA274BD3CFB81F93DFBEEF969" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641918" box="[136,1081,1726,1747]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" startId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" targetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A274BD3CFB81F93DFBEEF969" blockId="5.[136,1452,1726,2049]" box="[136,1081,1726,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CFB81F93DFEFAF969" bold="true" box="[136,301,1726,1747]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURES 5–11.</emphasis>
Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A274BD3CF9C0F93DFC77F969" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[713,928,1726,1747]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CF9C0F93DFC77F969" box="[713,928,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TRH A2-111).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A274BD3CFB81F967FE1BF7BB" blockId="5.[136,1452,1726,2049]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CFB81F967FF2AF943" bold="true" box="[136,253,1764,1785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CFB81F967FF2FF943" box="[136,248,1764,1785]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 5</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section of the outer thallus through a spermatangial conceptacle showing simple spermatangial systems restricted to the conceptacle floor (arrowheads) (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CF9A2F882FCF6F8AC" bold="true" box="[683,801,1793,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CF9A2F882FCCBF8AC" box="[683,796,1793,1814]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 6</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Magnified view through the chamber of a carpogonial conceptacle showing carpogonial branches (arrow) distributed across the chamber floor (scale bar = 15 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CFF21F89DFB49F889" bold="true" box="[1064,1182,1822,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CFF21F89DFB4EF889" box="[1064,1177,1822,1843]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 7</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Thallus surface under SEM showing a single flush tetrasporangial conceptacle (arrow) (scale bar = 100 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CF8ABF8BFFBCEF8EB" bold="true" box="[930,1049,1852,1873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CF8ABF8BFFBC3F8EB" box="[930,1044,1852,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 8</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing enlarged cells (arrowheads) lining the base of the pore canal. No central columella is evident (scale bar = 20 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CFB81F8F5FF29F831" bold="true" box="[136,254,1910,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CFB81F8F5FF2EF831" box="[136,249,1910,1931]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 9</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Magnified view through a tetrasporangial conceptacle roof showing enlarged cells (arrowheads) lining the base of the pore canal and the roof comprised of 3 (1–3) cells (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CF80CF817FC50F813" bold="true" box="[773,903,1940,1961]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CF80CF817FC55F813" box="[773,898,1940,1961]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 10</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through the thallus showing a buried, un-infilled tetrasporangial conceptacle (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A274BD3CFA90F832FE7BF87C" box="[409,428,1969,1990]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="5" pageNumber="235" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
) with the remains of the enlarged cells (arrowheads) that line the base of the pore canal (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A274BD3CFB81F84DFEDFF859" bold="true" box="[136,264,1998,2019]" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A274BD3CFB81F84DFED4F859" box="[136,259,1998,2019]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="235">FIGURE 11</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through the thallus showing crescent-shaped scars (i) indicating infilling of areas previously occupied by sporangial conceptacles (scale bar = 60 μm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFB81FF23FB6FFED7" blockId="6.[136,1452,160,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
that is 2.5–5 times the length of the epithallial cell, and with or without 1–2 small inner cells (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFF87FF23FB06FF03" box="[1166,1233,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Conceptacle floor located 8–16 cells below the surrounding thallus surface.
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A277BD3FF810FF47FCFBFF67" box="[793,812,196,221]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
ring of enlarged, domed cells lines the base of the pore canal and is oriented more-or-less perpendicular (vertically orientated) to the roof surface; these cells do not project into the pore canal (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFA6AFE8FFE71FE9F" box="[355,422,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). Tetra/bisporangia not observed. Both shedding and burying of tetrasporangial conceptacles observed. Buried conceptacles not infilled (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FF971FEB3FD10FEF3" box="[632,711,304,329]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig 10</figureCitation>
). However, infilling of scars left by shed conceptacles is evident (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFB99FED7FF35FED7" box="[144,226,340,365]" captionStart="FIGURES 5–11" captionStartId="5.[136,243,1726,1747]" captionTargetBox="[249,1332,201,1705]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[183,1403,191,1710]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5–11. Reproductive anatomy of the lectotype of Hydrolithon samoënse (TRH A2-111)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641918" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641918/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Data on measured reproductive characters in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A277BD3FF812FED7FC55FED7" box="[795,898,340,365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6CB034DA277BD3FFF57FED7FB63FED7" box="[1118,1204,340,365]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[135,223,724,747]" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of the reproductive anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for H. samoënse by Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994). Unless otherwise stated, all measurements are in micrometres. ND = no data provided." pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA277BD3FFB81F9D9FBD5F9D5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641920" box="[136,1026,1626,1647]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" startId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" targetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFB81F9D9FBD5F9D5" blockId="6.[136,1452,1626,1778]" box="[136,1026,1626,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A277BD3FFB81F9D9FEEDF9D5" bold="true" box="[136,314,1626,1647]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">FIGURES 12–14.</emphasis>
Gross morphology of representative specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A277BD3FF82CF9D9FC2BF9D5" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[805,1020,1626,1647]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A277BD3FF82CF9D9FC2BF9D5" box="[805,1020,1626,1647]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFB81F9FDFECDF948" blockId="6.[136,1452,1626,1778]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A277BD3FFB81F9FDFEDCF929" bold="true" box="[136,267,1662,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFB81F9FDFED2F929" box="[136,261,1662,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 12</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Typical encrusting (smooth) growth form (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A277BD3FF9A7F9FDFD3FF929" box="[686,744,1662,1683]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
93/70) (scale bar =
<quantity id="4CB19B13A277BD3FF8A4F9FDFC22F929" box="[941,1013,1662,1683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A277BD3FFF0FF9FDFB5FF929" bold="true" box="[1030,1160,1662,1683]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFF0FF9FDFB54F929" box="[1030,1155,1662,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 13</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
The craters of shed senescent conceptacles are commonly observed at the thallus surface giving the surface a pock-marked appearance (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A277BD3FFF7BF91FFB7BF90B" box="[1138,1196,1692,1713]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
93/58) (scale bar =
<quantity id="4CB19B13A277BD3FFE6EF91FFA76F90B" box="[1383,1441,1692,1713]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A277BD3FFB81F93AFEDCF974" bold="true" box="[136,267,1721,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFB81F93AFED1F974" box="[136,262,1721,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 12–14" captionStartId="6.[136,243,1626,1647]" captionTargetBox="[224,1357,420,1603]" captionTargetId="figure-121@6.[166,1420,407,1611]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 12–14. Gross morphology of representative specimens of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641920" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641920/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">FIGURE 14</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Conceptacles are crowded across the thallus surface, appearing as tiny, white discs in fresh material (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A277BD3FFFE4F93AFAF0F974" box="[1261,1319,1721,1742]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
93/58) (scale bar = 500 μm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFBB4F8A1FEB2F8E5" blockId="6.[136,1452,1826,2067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
Reproductive features evident in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A277BD3FF960F8A1FD07F881" box="[617,720,1826,1851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are present in various other specimens examined. Gametangial thalli are dioecious.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFBB4F8E9FB38F871" blockId="6.[136,1452,1826,2067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
Spermatangial (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFA78F8E9FE12F839" box="[369,453,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
) and carpogonial conceptacles (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FF83FF8E9FC47F839" box="[822,912,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Figs 19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FF897F8E9FC6CF839" box="[926,955,1898,1923]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">20</figureCitation>
) have similar features and proportions, but only slighter greater ranges compared to the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A277BD3FF983F80DFD26F81D" box="[650,753,1934,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
material. Data on reproductive characters are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6CB034DA277BD3FFB81F831FF09F871" box="[136,222,1970,1995]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[135,223,724,747]" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of the reproductive anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for H. samoënse by Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994). Unless otherwise stated, all measurements are in micrometres. ND = no data provided." pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Unlike the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A277BD3FFA6CF831FE18F871" box="[357,463,1970,1995]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, carposporangial material has been observed in representative material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A277BD3FFBB4F855FA4AF7A9" blockId="6.[136,1452,1826,2067]" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">
Carposporangia develop in carpogonial conceptacles after presumed karyogamy. Carposporangial conceptacles only slightly larger than carpogonial conceptacles, and measure 175–234 μm in external diameter (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A277BD3FFFBAF879FAD3F7A9" box="[1203,1284,2042,2067]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="236">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Conceptacle
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA276BD3EFB81FD6BFD2BFD47" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641922" box="[136,764,744,765]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" startId="7.[136,243,744,765]" targetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A276BD3EFB81FD6BFD2BFD47" blockId="7.[136,1452,744,925]" box="[136,764,744,765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFB81FD6BFEEDFD47" bold="true" box="[136,314,744,765]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURES 15–19.</emphasis>
Vegetative anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A276BD3EF916FD6BFD21FD47" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[543,758,744,765]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF916FD6BFD21FD47" box="[543,758,744,765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A276BD3EFB81FC8FFA7CFCC3" blockId="7.[136,1452,744,925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFB81FC8FFEDEFC9B" bold="true" box="[136,265,780,801]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EFB81FC8FFED3FC9B" box="[136,260,780,801]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 15</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section of the outer thallus showing a single epithallial cell layer (e), a subepithallial initial (i), a first cortical cell (c) and a solitary trichocyte (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFA70FCA9FE5EFC85" box="[377,393,810,831]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">T</collectionCode>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFA94FCA9FE00FC85" box="[413,471,810,831]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
95/1515) (scale bar = 15 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF9F5FCA9FCAAFC85" bold="true" box="[764,893,810,831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EF9F5FCA9FCA0FC85" box="[764,887,810,831]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 16</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Cortical filaments often comprise small, squat to squarish, bead-like cells with abundant cell fusions (f) between adjacent filaments (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EF853FCC4FC43FCE6" box="[858,916,839,860]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
92/146) (scale bar = 15 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFFB4FCC4FA97FCE6" bold="true" box="[1213,1344,839,860]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EFFB4FCC4FAECFCE6" box="[1213,1339,839,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 17</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Magnified view of the ventral region of the thallus showing a plumose medullary region with extensive cell fusions (f) between adjacent filaments
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A276BD3EFB81FC0BFE35FC27" blockId="7.[136,1452,744,925]" box="[136,482,904,925]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
(
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFB87FC0BFF1FFC27" box="[142,200,904,925]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
92/146) (scale bar = 15 μm).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF36667EA276BD3EFB81F89DFCC5F889" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641924" box="[136,786,1822,1843]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" startId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" targetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A276BD3EFB81F89DFCC5F889" blockId="7.[136,1452,1822,2091]" box="[136,786,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFB81F89DFEEDF889" bold="true" box="[136,314,1822,1843]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURES 18–21.</emphasis>
Gametangial anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A276BD3EF93DF89DFCDCF889" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[564,779,1822,1843]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF93DF89DFCDCF889" box="[564,779,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A276BD3EFB81F8C1FCDEF791" blockId="7.[136,1452,1822,2091]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFB81F8C1FEDDF8ED" bold="true" box="[136,266,1858,1879]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EFB81F8C1FED2F8ED" box="[136,261,1858,1879]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 18</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section of the outer thallus through a spermatangial conceptacle showing simple spermatangial systems restricted to the conceptacle floor (arrowheads) (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EF90AF8DCFDEAF8CE" box="[515,573,1887,1908]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
10/113) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF86FF8DCFC3EF8CE" bold="true" box="[870,1001,1887,1908]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EF86FF8DCFC34F8CE" box="[870,995,1887,1908]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–19" captionStartId="7.[136,243,744,765]" captionTargetBox="[213,1369,186,711]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[209,1377,172,730]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15–19. Vegetative anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641922" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641922/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 19</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section of the outer thallus through a carpogonial conceptacle (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFA70F8FEFE64F828" box="[377,435,1917,1938]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
95/1515) (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF9C6F8FEFC9AF828" bold="true" box="[719,845,1917,1938]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EF9C6F8FEFC9DF828" box="[719,842,1917,1938]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 20</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a carpogonial conceptacle showing carpogonial branches bearing trichogynes (arrowheads) and carpogonia (c), distributed across the chamber floor (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFF47F819FB5FF815" box="[1102,1160,1946,1967]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
95/1515) (scale bar = 15 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EFB81F834FE88F876" bold="true" box="[136,351,1975,1996]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EFB81F834FED1F876" box="[136,262,1975,1996]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 20</figureCitation>
(insert).
</emphasis>
Magnified view of some carpogonial branches comprised of a carpogonium (c) terminating in a trichogyne, a support cell (s) and a sterile cell (arrow) (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EF914F856FD80F850" box="[541,599,2005,2026]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
95/1515) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A276BD3EF880F856FBDBF850" bold="true" box="[905,1036,2005,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A276BD3EF880F856FBD1F850" box="[905,1030,2005,2026]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="237">FIGURE 21</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Vertical section through a carposporangial conceptacle showing the pore canal (p), a thick and narrow, discoid, central fusion cell (arrow) bearing peripheral gonimoblast filaments terminating in carpospores (c) (
<collectionCode id="ED58AE33A276BD3EFABCF795FE38F791" box="[437,495,2070,2091]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14644" name="University of the Western Cape" pageId="7" pageNumber="237" type="Herbarium">UWC</collectionCode>
91/179) (scale bar = 30 μm).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF36667EA279BD31FB81FA6AFCFBFA44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13641926" box="[136,812,1513,1534]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" startId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" targetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A279BD31FB81FA6AFCFBFA44" blockId="8.[136,1452,1513,2075]" box="[136,812,1513,1534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FB81FA6AFEEDFA44" bold="true" box="[136,314,1513,1534]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURES 22–28.</emphasis>
Tetrasporangial anatomy of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A279BD31F947FA6AFCF1FA44" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[590,806,1513,1534]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31F947FA6AFCF1FA44" box="[590,806,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C353657DA279BD30FB81F98EFB73FB87" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="8" pageNumber="238" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A279BD31FB81F98EFED9F7A1" blockId="8.[136,1452,1513,2075]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FB81F98EFEDCF998" bold="true" box="[136,267,1549,1570]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FB81F98EFED0F998" box="[136,263,1549,1570]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 22</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium showing early roof development from filaments (arrowheads) peripheral to the fertile area and the developing tetrasporangial initials (t
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31F84CF9A9FC86F985" bold="true" box="[837,849,1578,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
t). A single layer of epithallial cells (E) persists as a protective covering (UWC 09/102) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31F93AF9C4FD64F9E6" bold="true" box="[563,691,1607,1628]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31F93AF9C4FD79F9E6" box="[563,686,1607,1628]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 23</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a tetrasporangial conceptacle primordium showing later but still early roof development from filaments peripheral to the fertile arrow (arrowheads) and from filaments interspersed (arrowheads) among the sporangial initials (t
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FA66F901FEACF92D" bold="true" box="[367,379,1666,1687]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
t). A layer of epithallial cells (E) still persists as a protective covering over the developing conceptacle (UWC 09/102) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FAA5F91CFDF8F90E" bold="true" box="[428,559,1695,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FAA5F91CFDFBF90E" box="[428,556,1695,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 24</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a young tetrasporangial conceptacle showing continued roof development from filaments peripheral to the fertile arrow (arrows) and from filaments interspersed (arrowheads) among the sporangial initials (t
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FE7FF93EFA55F968" bold="true" box="[1398,1410,1725,1746]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
t). A layer of epithallial cells (E) continues to persists as a protective covering over the young developing conceptacle (UWC 10/113) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FBF9F974FEA4F8B6" bold="true" box="[240,371,1783,1804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FBF9F974FEBAF8B6" box="[240,365,1783,1804]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 25</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a young tetrasporangial conceptacle showing more advanced roof development from filaments peripheral to the fertile arrow (arrows) and from filaments interspersed (arrowheads) among the sporangial initials (t
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FFEBF896FB39F890" bold="true" box="[1250,1262,1813,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
t). Note the absence of the formation of a central columella as tetrasporangial initials (t
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31F810F8B1FCF2F8FD" bold="true" box="[793,805,1842,1863]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">–</emphasis>
t) are distributed across the centre of the chamber floor. A ring of enlarged cells (e) has already formed where the pore canal will be situated (UWC 10/113) (scale bar = 10 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FFD1F8CCFA8CF8DE" bold="true" box="[1240,1371,1871,1892]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FFD1F8CCFA8FF8DE" box="[1240,1368,1871,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 26</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Section through a mature tetrasporangial conceptacle showing the pore canal (p), the remains of filaments (arrowheads) that gave rise to the pore canal cells, and zonately divided tetrasporangia (t). Chambers lack a central columella (UWC 98/322) (scale bar = 30 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FE23F809FA7CF825" bold="true" box="[1322,1451,1930,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FE23F809FA70F825" box="[1322,1447,1930,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 27</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Magnified view of the pore canal of a tetrasporangial conceptacle showing the enlarged cells (arrowheads) that typically line the base and length of the pore canal and the sterile filaments (arrows) that had given rise to them (UWC 98/322) (scale bar = 15 μm).
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A279BD31FE20F846FA7CF860" bold="true" box="[1321,1451,1989,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">
<figureCitation id="13722A73A279BD31FE20F846FA70F860" box="[1321,1447,1989,2010]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="238">FIGURE 28</figureCitation>
.
</emphasis>
Magnified view of the roof of a tetrasporangial conceptacle showing the roof comprised of mostly 3 cells (e, i, c) (UWC 92/146) (scale bar = 15 μm).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A278BD30FB81FF23FF22FED7" blockId="9.[136,1452,160,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">
chambers substantially larger than those of carpogonial conceptacles. Chambers elliptical to spherical, and measure 80–140 μm in diameter and 40–100 μm high with the roof 16–26 μm thick. Conceptacle pore lined with small papillate cells that tilt slightly into the pore canal. Central fusion cell discoid and continuous, and narrow and thick with gonimoblast filaments borne peripherally (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30F9BBFE8FFCDEFE9F" box="[690,777,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURES 18–21" captionStartId="7.[136,243,1822,1843]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,935,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-124@7.[239,1349,927,1807]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 18–21. Gametangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641924" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641924/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
). Gonimoblast filaments 4 cells long including a terminal carpospore that measures 25–43 μm in length and 20–50 μm in diameter. Buried carposporangial conceptacles not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A278BD30FBB4FEFBFBB6FD0B" blockId="9.[136,1452,160,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">
Tetrasporangial features evident in the
<typeStatus id="54F28854A278BD30F979FEFBFD00FE2B" box="[624,727,376,401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
are present in the various specimens examined (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30FFFDFEFBFAA2FE2B" box="[1268,1397,376,401]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Figs 22–28</figureCitation>
) and are summarized in
<tableCitation id="C6CB034DA278BD30FA69FE1FFE61FE0F" box="[352,438,412,437]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="15.[135,223,724,747]" captionText="TABLE 2. A comparison of the reproductive anatomy of the taxa under study compared against that published for H. samoënse by Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994). Unless otherwise stated, all measurements are in micrometres. ND = no data provided." pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Table 2</tableCitation>
. Greater variation, however, exists in the ranges of the measurements for this species as a whole. Conceptacle roof formed by filaments peripheral to the fertile area and interspersed among the tetrasporangial initials (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30FBEAFE67FEB1FE47" box="[227,358,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Figs 22–25</figureCitation>
). Some of these filaments persist in mature conceptacle chambers (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30FF59FE67FB06FE47" box="[1104,1233,484,509]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
). Central columella not observed. In young developing tetrasporangial conceptacles, tetrasporangial initials distributed across the conceptacle chamber floor (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30FACBFDAFFD91FDFF" box="[450,582,556,581]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Figs 24, 25</figureCitation>
). In mature conceptacles, however, zonately divided tetrasporangia generally located peripherally in the conceptacle chamber (
<figureCitation id="13722A73A278BD30F9BEFDD3FCDCFDD3" box="[695,779,592,617]" captionStart="FIGURES 22–28" captionStartId="8.[136,243,1513,1534]" captionTargetBox="[226,1353,195,1487]" captionTargetId="figure-14@8.[183,1403,172,1498]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 22–28. Tetrasporangial anatomy of Hydrolithon samoënse." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13641926" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13641926/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
), but often expand across the chamber floor as they fill the chamber completely. Tetrasporangia measure 18–60 μm in length and 6–35 μm in diameter. Bisporangia not observed. Senescent tetrasporangial conceptacles shed leaving craters (scars) that become infilled.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636F6A278BD30FBB4FD3FFB73FB87" blockId="9.[136,1452,160,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">
Remarks:—
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30FA4CFD3FFD94FD6F" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[325,579,700,725]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30FA4CFD3FFD94FD6F" box="[325,579,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is reported to be common throughout the north eastern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A278BD30FA41FD63FD47FD43" author="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[328,656,736,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref13282" refString="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994) Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and H. samoense (Foslie) comb. nov. from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 60: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1994">Keats &amp; Chamberlain 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A278BD30F9A1FD63FC2AFD43" author="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[680,1021,736,761]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref13282" refString="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994) Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and H. samoense (Foslie) comb. nov. from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 60: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1994">Keats &amp; Chamberlain (1994)</bibRefCitation>
transferred the species to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30FB81FC87FEC7FCA7" box="[136,272,772,797]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30FB81FC87FEC7FCA7" box="[136,272,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Hydrolithon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30FA2BFC87FEB7FCA7" box="[290,352,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A278BD30FA63FC87FD61FCA7" author="Penrose, D. &amp; Woelkerling, Wm. J." box="[362,694,772,797]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" pagination="81 - 88" refId="ref13711" refString="Penrose, D. &amp; Woelkerling, Wm. J. (1992) A reappraisal of Hydrolithon and its relationship to Spongites (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta). Phycologia 31: 81 - 88." type="journal article" year="1992">Penrose &amp; Woelkerling 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and distinguished it from other species of the genus on the basis of two tetrasporangial characters. Primarily,
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30F98EFCABFCCFFCFB" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[647,792,808,833]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30F98EFCABFCCFFCFB" box="[647,792,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">H. samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a tetrasporangial conceptacle roof that is more commonly composed of 3 cell layers; a single epithallial cell subtended by an elongate (columnar) meristematic cell that in turn is subtended by a small inner cell. Secondarily, the tetrasporangial conceptacles are evident as tiny ‘pinpricks’ at the thallus surface that are usually shed individually or in small groups on senescence (some become buried), leaving small scars at the thallus surface; scars left by shed conceptacles eventually become infilled. While the former character separates
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30FAB1FC5FFD63FC4F" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain. In" authorityYear="1994" baseAuthorityName="Foslie" box="[440,692,988,1013]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="samoense">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30FAB1FC5FFD63FC4F" box="[440,692,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Hydrolithon samoënse</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30F8DFFC5FFB89FC4F" box="[982,1118,988,1013]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30F8DFFC5FFB89FC4F" box="[982,1118,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">Hydrolithon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the latter character separates it from the very similar
<taxonomicName id="4C494D75A278BD30FA9BFB83FCBEFBA3" authority="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain" authorityName="Keats &amp; Y. M. Chamberlain" box="[402,873,1024,1049]" family="Corallinaceae" genus="Hydrolithon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cryptonemiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="superficiale">
<emphasis id="B93DEAE4A278BD30FA9BFB83FDEFFBA3" box="[402,568,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="239">H. superficiale</emphasis>
Keats &amp; Y.M.Chamberlain
</taxonomicName>
in which tetrasporangial conceptacles are produced in a superficial layer that is shed in its entirety upon senescence (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD84B07A278BD30F857FBA7FB40FB87" author="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M." box="[862,1175,1060,1085]" pageId="9" pageNumber="239" pagination="8 - 21" refId="ref13282" refString="Keats, D. W. &amp; Chamberlain, Y. M. (1994) Three species of Hydrolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinaceae): Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose and Woelkerling, Hydrolithon superficiale sp. nov., and H. samoense (Foslie) comb. nov. from South Africa. South African Journal of Botany 60: 8 - 21." type="journal article" year="1994">Keats &amp; Chamberlain 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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