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<document id="381C2CE81DB4CAA209D42233703EC833" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3666.2.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="35615276-4024-448b-baf6-a96a0697b933" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="220054" ID-ZooBank="4951C68A-93C4-4777-B7D4-D7D657AE1DBC" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460623009869" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mullins, Patricia L., Riley, Edward G. &amp; Oswald, John D." docDate="2013" docId="03BDFF506D115077B7A4F927FE27FCE2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03666p251.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3666 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Thanatophilus truncatus Say 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="230" masterDocId="FF8487286D19507EB733FFE5FFEEFFF6" masterDocTitle="Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="229" updateTime="1698334092548" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6E4F3DBDF7E9B0404A15B8B174C54053">Identification, distribution, and adult phenology of the carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Texas</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F3C3054702F371D8824265C9B4FDEABE">Mullins, Patricia L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="16FF5809B2ECE829613DCC94B6BAA9C8">Riley, Edward G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2059F3D661682AEC5EB0276B0FCE2E3">Oswald, John D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="998747B9A43581A8D423C1CCCCD86ACA">2013</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03BDFF506D115077B7A4F927FE27FCE2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6149459" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125814699" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6149459" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BDFF506D115077B7A4F927FE27FCE2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BDFF506D115077B7A4F927FE27FCE2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D115076B7A4F927FC7BF8B5" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7A4F927FDBDF92A" blockId="8.[151,595,1730,1789]" box="[151,595,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<heading id="D0E3F92A6D115076B7A4F927FDBDF92A" bold="true" box="[151,595,1730,1756]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D115076B7A4F927FDBDF92A" authority="Say, 1823" authorityName="Say" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,595,1730,1756]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Thanatophilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncatus">
<emphasis id="B96092546D115076B7A4F927FDBDF92A" bold="true" box="[151,595,1730,1756]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B96092546D115076B7A4F927FE2DF92A" bold="true" box="[151,451,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Thanatophilus truncatus</emphasis>
(Say, 1823)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7A4F900FEABF90B" blockId="8.[151,595,1730,1789]" box="[151,325,1765,1789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<figureCitation id="132F52C36D115076B7A4F900FF1DF90B" box="[151,243,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 – 23" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1602,1625]" captionTargetBox="[189,1406,526,1571]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[171,1416,515,1581]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 18 – 23. Habitus of Texas Silphidae. 18, Necrophila americana; 19, Necrodes surinamensis; 20, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 21, O. noveboracense; 22, O. rugulosum; 23, Thanatophilus truncatus. All scale bars = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220058/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F52C36D115076B7CCF900FEF3F90B" box="[255,285,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132F52C36D115076B61AF900FEABF90B" box="[297,325,1765,1789]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">49</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7A4F8C8FC7BF8B5" blockId="8.[151,917,1837,1860]" box="[151,917,1837,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D115076B7A4F8C8FE3FF8B5" authority="Say, 1823: 193" authorityName="Say" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1823" box="[151,465,1837,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="truncata">
<emphasis id="B96092546D115076B7A4F8C8FEDAF8B5" box="[151,308,1837,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Silpha truncata</emphasis>
Say, 1823: 193
</taxonomicName>
(see Peck and Miller (1993) for synonymy).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D115077B7A4F88AFD29FF22" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="230" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D115076B7A4F88AFB43F802" blockId="8.[151,1436,1903,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">
<emphasis id="B96092546D115076B7A4F88AFEFFF87E" bold="true" box="[151,273,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body length
<quantity id="4CECE3A36D115076B69DF895FDC2F87E" box="[430,556,1904,1928]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="229" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 mm</quantity>
, broadly subparallel, entirely dull black. Head with small eyes, without short row of long erect hairs behind each eye. Pronotum broadest at base, disc lacking pubescence. Elytral apices conjointly truncate to subtruncate; disc without costae, smooth, finely granulose; epipleuron oblique, wider at base than apex, coloration not differing from remainder of body.
<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D115076B406F839FC83F802" box="[821,877,2012,2036]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="229">Hind</collectingCountry>
femur of males unmodified.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D105077B7FAFF7DFD29FF22" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B7FAFF7DFEF2FF46" bold="true" box="[201,284,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Range.</emphasis>
Nebraska south to Texas, west to southern New
<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D105077B466FF72FC44FF59" box="[853,938,151,175]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Arizona (Peck &amp; Kaulbars 1987), and south to central
<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D105077B679FF59FE71FF22" box="[330,415,188,212]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Peck &amp; Anderson 1985).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30E1DCD6D105077B7FAFF05FE27FCE2" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D105077B7FAFF05FE09FE5A" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B7FAFF05FE42FF0E" bold="true" box="[201,428,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Texas distribution.</emphasis>
See
<figureCitation id="132F52C36D105077B6D9FF3AFDAEFF01" box="[490,576,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 44 – 49" captionStartId="19.[151,264,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[179,1402,212,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[160,1420,193,1958]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURES 44 – 49. Distribution maps for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 44, Necrophila americana; 45, Necrodes surinamensis; 46, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 47, O. noveboracense; 48, O. rugulosum; 49, Thanatophilus truncatus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220063/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
. This species is almost entirely confined to the Kansan, Chihuahuan, and Navahonian biotic provinces of Texas, with a single record from the Balconian province (Sutton County in central Texas). It occurs in the following Texas vegetational areas: Edwards Plateau, rolling plains, high plains, and trans- Pecos. Confirmed counties (14): Brewster, Briscoe, Culberson, El Paso, Gray, Hemphill, Jeff Davis, Lubbock, Oldham, Presidio, Randall, Reeves, Sutton, Terrell. Collections: EGRC, LSAM, MWSU, PLM, SFAC, SRSU, TAMU, TTU, UTIC, WTAM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D105077B7FAFE52FCB2FE02" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B7FAFE52FE27FE26" bold="true" box="[201,457,439,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Seasonality in Texas.</emphasis>
See
<figureCitation id="132F52C36D105077B53AFE52FD8EFE39" box="[521,608,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,818,1932]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,807,1939]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Adult seasonality profiles based on occurrence records for Texas Silphidae, Silphinae. 31, Necrophila americana; 32, Necrodes surinamensis; 33, Oiceoptoma inaequale; 34, O. noveboracense; 35, O. rugulosum; 36, Thanatophilus truncatus. For an explanation of occurrence record calculations, see Methods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/220060/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
. The adult seasonality profile of this species (based on 73 occurrence records: Appendix I) is unimodal, with a large peak in summer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D105077B7FAFE1AFC5EFDCA" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B7FAFE1AFE7AFDEE" bold="true" box="[201,404,511,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
This species occurs in arid and open habitats (Peck &amp; Anderson 1985). In Kansas, this species was captured in largely open sandy prairies (Lingafelter 1995).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAB4E466D105077B7FAFDADFE27FCE2" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,788]" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">
Data from examined labels. Collecting methods: pit-fall trap, baited pit-fall trap, dung trap, carrion trap, human feces pit-fall trap. Habitat records: pine-fir [carrion trap in
<collectingCountry id="F3030ED66D105077B4A1FD89FBE5FD72" box="[914,1035,620,644]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Guadalupe</collectingCountry>
National Park], oak–fir–ponderosa pine [dung trap in Big Bend National Park], maple forest [dung trap]. Carrion records: deer (dry and fresh), pig, turkey vulture,
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B67AFD51FDD0FD3A" box="[329,574,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Sylvilganus auduboni</emphasis>
carrion,
<taxonomicName id="4C1435C56D105077B59AFD50FC95FD3A" box="[681,891,692,716]" class="Mammalia" family="Leporidae" genus="Lepus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lagomorpha" pageId="9" pageNumber="230" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="B96092546D105077B59AFD50FC95FD3A" box="[681,891,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="230">Lepus californicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
carrion, cow and bobcat. Miscellaneous: some specimens were also collected at night. This species is restricted to the arid regions of west Texas. Life history data for this species are lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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