treatments-xml/data/D9/0F/87/D90F87C1FFEEFFB3DBF380FCFBEE73F6.xml
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<document id="94174F9CF7EA2A3217BE9904AF592795" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.201116" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6aec6c8c-0213-470d-ab35-87d5c40c06c5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="201116" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460338517132" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Breedy, Odalisca &amp; Guzman, Hector M." docDate="2011" docId="D90F87C1FFEEFFB3DBF380FCFBEE73F6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02995p044.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2995" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Heterogorgia verrucosa Verrill 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="2536FFB9FFE2FFBDDB64856EFFCD7202" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae)" masterLastPageNumber="44" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698260399627" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="249C5DAE7B2CBC129FF41528389C2A4C">A revision of the genus Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBF380FCFD9477AE" blockId="12.[151,601,1426,1485]" box="[151,601,1426,1452]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="0A5181BBFFEEFFB1DBF380FCFD9477AE" bold="true" box="[151,601,1426,1452]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEEFFB1DBF380FCFD9477AE" ID-CoL="3L9RB" authority="Verrill, 1868" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,601,1426,1452]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBF380FCFD9477AE" bold="true" box="[151,601,1426,1452]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBF380FCFE7B77AE" bold="true" box="[151,438,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Heterogorgia verrucosa</emphasis>
Verrill, 1868
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBF380DBFE9077CF" blockId="12.[151,601,1426,1485]" box="[151,349,1461,1485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEEFFB1DBFB80DBFF2777CF" box="[159,234,1461,1485]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1312,1335]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,323,1291]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1435,323,1291]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Submarine photographs: (A B) H. hickmani, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Photographs by H. P. Hickman); (C) H. tortuosa, Coiba Island, Panama; (D) H. verrucosa, Coiba Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201117/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D, 1011)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19BC655CFFEEFFB1DBF38090FDA57452" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBF38090FEC07433" blockId="12.[151,1437,1533,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="71B611F9FFEEFFB1DBF38090FEC07433" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEEFFB1DBF38090FD867411" ID-CoL="3L9RB" authority="Verrill, 1868: 414" authorityName="Verrill" authorityPageNumber="414" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,587,1533,1555]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBF38090FE467411" box="[151,395,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Heterogorgia verrucosa</emphasis>
Verrill, 1868: 414
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D00710C6FFEEFFB1D9328093FCCB7411" author="Verrill" box="[598,774,1533,1555]" page="451" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" year="1869">
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEEFFB1D9328093FD1B7411" author="Verrill" box="[598,726,1533,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1869) Critical remarks on the halcyonoid polyps with description of new species in the Museum of Yale College. The American Journal of Science and Arts, Series 2, 48, 419 - 429." type="journal article" year="1869">Verrill 1869</bibRefCitation>
: 451
</treatmentCitation>
452;
<treatmentCitation id="D00710C6FFEEFFB1D8238093FC347411" author="Nutting" box="[839,1017,1533,1555]" page="89" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEEFFB1D8238093FC1F7411" author="Nutting" box="[839,978,1533,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1910) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III. The Muriceidae. Siboga-Expedition Monograph, 13 b, 1 - 108." type="journal article" year="1910">Nutting 1910</bibRefCitation>
: 89
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D00710C6FFEEFFB1DF608093FB127411" author="Kukenthal" box="[1028,1247,1533,1555]" page="232" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEEFFB1DF608093FB617411" author="Kukenthal" box="[1028,1196,1533,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1924) Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich, 47. Walter de Gruyter and Co., Berlin und Leipzig, i - xxviii, 1 - 478 pp." type="journal article" year="1924">Kükenthal 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 232
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="D00710C6FFEEFFB1DF8E8093FF2C7433" author="Prahl" page="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEEFFB1DF8E8093FA557411" author="Prahl" box="[1258,1432,1533,1555]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Prahl, H. von, Escobar, D., &amp; Molina, G. (1986) Octocorales (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae y Plexauridae) de aguas someras del Pacifico Colombiano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 34, 13 - 33." type="journal article" year="1986">
Prahl
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DE438090FA917411" box="[1319,1372,1533,1555]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
1986
</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
29.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBF38355FDA57452" blockId="12.[151,1437,1533,1616]" box="[151,616,1594,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="71B611F9FFEEFFB1DBF38355FDA57452" box="[151,616,1594,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEEFFB1DBF38355FDFD7452" ID-CoL="3L9R9" authority="Castro 1990: 412" authorityName="Castro" authorityPageNumber="412" authorityYear="1990" box="[151,560,1594,1616]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBF38355FEB47452" box="[151,377,1595,1616]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Heterogorgia tortuosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D00710C6FFEEFFB1DAE48355FDFD7452" author="Castro" box="[384,560,1594,1616]" page="412" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" year="1990">
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEEFFB1DAE48355FE327452" author="Castro" box="[384,511,1595,1616]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" refString="Castro, C. B. (1990) A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia) from Brazil with comments on the type species of the genus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47, 411 - 420." type="journal article" year="1990">Castro 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 412
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
415.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19BC655CFFEEFFB0DBF38313FE6270ED" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBF38313FC5A74BB" blockId="12.[151,1436,1661,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBF38313FE4F7494" bold="true" box="[151,386,1661,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEEFFB1DAEF8310FE367494" box="[395,507,1662,1686]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
(here designated):
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1D9BD8310FCD87497" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[729,789,1662,1685]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">YPM</collectionCode>
1554a,
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1D81F8313FC757497" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" box="[891,952,1661,1685]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">MCZ</collectionCode>
730 (fragment of
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1DFE88310FB047497" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[1164,1225,1662,1685]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">YPM</collectionCode>
1554a), dry, Pearl Islands, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEEFFB1DA2983CCFE6474BB" box="[333,425,1698,1721]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry>
, depth not given, F. H. Bradley,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1D87683CFFC5974BB" box="[786,916,1697,1721]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="1866" valueMax="1867">18661867</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB1DBA183ABFDB67527" blockId="12.[151,1436,1661,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEEFFB1DBA183ABFEA074DF" box="[197,365,1733,1757]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1DA1E83A8FE7A74DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[378,439,1734,1757]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">YPM</collectionCode>
1554b, MZC 36014 (two slides of
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1D83F83A8FC5574DF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[859,920,1734,1757]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">YPM</collectionCode>
1554b), dry, Pearl Islands, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEEFFB1DE5883A8FA5574DF" box="[1340,1432,1734,1757]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry>
, depth not given, F. H. Bradley,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1D96E8387FD467503" box="[522,651,1769,1793]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="1866" valueMax="1867">18661867</date>
;
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEEFFB1D9FE8384FD1B7503" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" box="[666,726,1770,1793]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34880" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">YPM</collectionCode>
1644 ab, ethanol preserved, Pearl Islands, Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEEFFB1DE588384FA557503" box="[1340,1432,1770,1793]" name="Panama" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Panama</collectingCountry>
, depth not given, F. H. Bradley,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1DA928263FDBA7527" box="[502,631,1805,1829]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="1866" valueMax="1867">18661867</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEEFFB0DBA1825FFE6270ED" blockId="12.[151,1436,1661,2010]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEEFFB1DBA1825FFE4D7548" bold="true" box="[197,384,1841,1866]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">Other material.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEEFFB1DAEC825FFDFD754B" box="[392,560,1841,1865]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="12" pageNumber="39">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
: UCR 1715 (5), 1713 (8), preserved in ethanol, Diablillo, Caño Island,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEEFFB1DE32825FFF62756F" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="28.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="27.0">2730 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy and H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1D96F823BFD02756F" box="[523,719,1877,1902]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2007-01-30">30 January 2007</date>
; UCR 1716 (2), preserved in ethanol, Caño Island,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEEFFB1DE56823BFABC756F" box="[1330,1393,1877,1901]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1DB938217FE677593" box="[247,426,1913,1938]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2007-01-01">1 January 2007</date>
; UCR 1848, preserved in ethanol, Bajo Hector, Caño Island,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEEFFB1DF108217FB7F7593" box="[1140,1202,1913,1937]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="33.0">33 m</quantity>
, H. Guzman and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1DB9082F3FE5675B7" box="[244,411,1949,1974]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2007-08-03">3 August 2007</date>
; UCR 1857, 1868 (4), preserved in ethanol, Bajo Mixta, Golfo Dulce,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEEFFB1DFC982F3FB2875B7" box="[1197,1253,1949,1973]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
H. Guzman and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1DA7282ACFE0975DB" box="[278,452,1985,2010]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2009-01-07">7 January 2009</date>
; UCR 1860, Bajo Diablo, Caño Island,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEEFFB1D8E582AFFC7675DB" box="[897,955,1985,2009]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="24.0">24 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEEFFB1DF2382AFFADC75DB" box="[1095,1297,1985,2009]" pageId="12" pageNumber="39" value="2000-02-18">18 February 2000</date>
; UCR 1861, Paraíso, Caño Island,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DAF685F9FE0272AD" box="[402,463,151,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0D90485F9FCE372AD" box="[608,814,151,175]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2000-02-18">18 February 2000</date>
; UCR 1866,
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEFFFB0D8A285F9FBF472AD" box="[966,1081,151,175]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
Rocks, Golfo Dulce,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE5285F9FABE72AD" box="[1334,1395,151,175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DB9285D2FE6E72D6" box="[246,419,188,212]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2004-08-02">2 August 2004</date>
; UCR 1880, preserved in ethanol, Tolinga islet, Nicoya Gulf,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF0985D2FB1E72D6" box="[1133,1235,188,212]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="19.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="18.0">1820 m</quantity>
, J. Cortés and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DB9185B1FE1E72F5" box="[245,467,223,247]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-11-22">22 November 2002</date>
; UCR 1882, preserved in ethanol, Velas Cape, Baulas Marine National Park,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE2585B1FAB072F5" box="[1345,1405,223,247]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="17.0">17 m</quantity>
, J. Cortés,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DB90846AFE7F731E" box="[244,434,260,284]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2006-10-05">5 October 2006</date>
; UCR 1883, Ballena 50 H003, preserved in ethanol, Ballena Rock, Ballena Marine National Park,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DA258449FEB0733D" box="[321,381,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0D96E8449FD61733D" box="[522,684,295,319]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2003-04-28">28 April 2003</date>
; UCR 1884, dry, Cabeza de Mono, Culebra Bay,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DFBF8449FADB733D" box="[1243,1302,295,319]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy, 1999; UCR 2091, MA80B, preserved in ethanol, Olucuita islet, Manuel Antonio National Park,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DFAC8422FACE7366" box="[1224,1283,332,356]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
, O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DEE98422FEDB7385" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2005-04-05">5 April 2005</date>
.
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEFFFB0DA458401FE607385" box="[289,429,367,391]" name="Ecuador" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
: IIN 2, dry, Tambip, Reserva de Producción Faunística Marino Costera Puntilla de
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEFFFB0DE3A8401FF1473AE" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DB8284FAFE8073AE" box="[230,333,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">1214 m</quantity>
, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0D8E384FAFBD373AE" box="[903,1054,404,428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-20">20 July 2010</date>
; IIN 37, dry, Gigima, Reserva de Producción Faunística Marino Costera Puntilla de
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEFFFB0D9B784D9FC9073CD" box="[723,861,439,463]" name="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Santa Elena</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D80D84D9FC0273CD" box="[873,975,439,463]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">1214 m</quantity>
, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DB9084B2FE4573F6" box="[244,392,476,500]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-22">22 July 2010</date>
; IIN 102, dry, Los Ahorcados Islet, Provincia de Manabí,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF7484B2FBB873F6" box="[1040,1141,476,500]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">1012 m</quantity>
, F. Rivera, P. Martínez, R. Nebot and O. Breedy,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DAF08491FDE47015" box="[404,553,511,535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2010-07-25">25 July 2010</date>
; GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS:
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEFFFB0D80E8491FC7E7015" box="[874,947,511,535]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rhcv-mdhf" name="Invertebrate Collection" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">CDRS</collectionCode>
Ang 8, ethanol preserved, Española,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE3F8491FA5A7015" box="[1371,1431,511,535]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
, A. Chiriboga,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DA5C874AFE17703E" box="[312,474,548,572]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2003-04-23">23 April 2003</date>
.
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFEFFFB0DA81874AFDAD703E" box="[485,608,548,572]" name="Panama" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">PANAMA</collectingCountry>
: UCR 1552, UCR 1850, UCR 1857, preserved in ethanol, Jicarita,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE32874AFF60705D" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">2022 m</quantity>
H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DA268729FE2C705D" box="[322,481,583,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2007-04-19">19 April 2007</date>
; UCR 1851, preserved in ethanol, Jicarita,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D8A58729FBEE705D" box="[961,1059,583,607]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="21.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="20.0">2022 m</quantity>
H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DFDC8729FA95705D" box="[1208,1368,583,607]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-04-19">19 April 2002</date>
; UCR 1852(2), preserved in ethanol, Frailes sur,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D9158702FD1E7086" box="[625,723,620,644]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="20.0">2025 m</quantity>
H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0D80D8702FB8C7086" box="[873,1089,620,644]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2001-12-12">12 December 2001</date>
; UCR 1867, preserved in ethanol, Jicarita,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DA4387E1FEAC70A5" box="[295,353,655,679]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="25.0">25 m</quantity>
H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DA9387E1FD5A70A5" box="[503,663,655,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-04-19">19 April 2002</date>
;
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEFFFB0D9C687E1FD1270A5" box="[674,735,655,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">STRI</collectionCode>
253, dry; Passage Island, Chiriquí Gulf,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DFCE87E1FB2870A5" box="[1194,1253,655,679]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
, H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DEE487E1FEDB70CE" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-04-20">20 April 2002</date>
;
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEFFFB0DA4187DAFEAC70CE" box="[293,353,692,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">STRI</collectionCode>
323, dry, Frijol Islet, 515, H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0D85987DAFC2F70CE" box="[829,994,692,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-04-24">24 April 2002</date>
;
<collectionCode id="37B7AE12FFEFFFB0D89487DAFBE070CE" box="[1008,1069,692,716]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">STRI</collectionCode>
304, dry, Bajo Viuda,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE5187DAFABE70CE" box="[1333,1395,692,716]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
, H. Guzman,
<date id="25181017FFEFFFB0DA6087B9FE6C70ED" box="[260,417,727,751]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" value="2002-04-23">23 April 2002</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19BC655CFFEFFFB0DBA18795FC79754E" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB0DBA18795FE817756" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DBA18795FDD97116" bold="true" box="[197,532,763,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DAC58792FDC27116" box="[417,527,764,788]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
It is a small,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D9C88792FD357116" box="[684,760,764,788]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
tall, deteriorated colony (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0DF7E8792FBA77116" box="[1050,1130,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,558,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1740]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Heterogorgia verrucosa: (A) fragment of the lectotype, MCZ 730; (B) UCR 1715, colony; (C) lectotype colony, YPM 1554 a; (D) UCR 1715, detail of a branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201126/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
C) and a separate branch,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DEEA8792FF74713A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
long (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0DA618671FE957135" box="[261,344,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,558,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1740]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Heterogorgia verrucosa: (A) fragment of the lectotype, MCZ 730; (B) UCR 1715, colony; (C) lectotype colony, YPM 1554 a; (D) UCR 1715, detail of a branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201126/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A), that was part of the original specimen YPM1554a. The colony is composed of three broken stems, up to
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DA4C862AFEB2715E" box="[296,383,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
in diameter that are kept together by the remains of the spreading holdfast, which is
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE22862AFAB3715E" box="[1350,1406,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in diameter. The branches bifurcate several times in a lateral irregular manner. Calyces are up to
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DFD08609FAC77182" box="[1204,1290,871,896]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
tall and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE0F8609FF2171A6" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.4">1.4 1.6 mm</quantity>
diameter and they are evenly distributed around the two branches that still have calyces; 2225 calyces/cm. On the branches, the calyces are about
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D93586C1FD6571CA" box="[593,680,943,968]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
apart, but they are more sparsely distributed on the holdfast and at the base of the branches where they are about
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D9C586BAFD2E71EE" box="[673,739,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D85586BAFC4971EE" box="[817,900,980,1004]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,558,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1740]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Heterogorgia verrucosa: (A) fragment of the lectotype, MCZ 730; (B) UCR 1715, colony; (C) lectotype colony, YPM 1554 a; (D) UCR 1715, detail of a branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201126/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
A). The anthocodial armature consists of strong collaret and points. The collaret is composed of 4 rows of long curved spindles,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF418699FB047612" box="[1061,1225,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.455" valueMax="0.56" valueMin="0.35">0.350.56 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DE5E8699FF0E7636" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.050.1 mm</quantity>
wide, that are covered with small spines (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D9C28172FD3A7636" box="[678,759,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
A). The points are composed of 34 pairs of spiny spindles arranged
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DA64812FFEB6765A" box="[256,379,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">en chevron</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0DAEF812EFE11765A" box="[395,476,1088,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
B). They are
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D914812EFCD9765A" box="[624,788,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.39" valueMax="0.51" valueMin="0.27">0.270.51 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D8E0812EFBFB765A" box="[900,1078,1088,1112]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.0475" valueMax="0.05" valueMin="0.045">0.0450.05 mm</quantity>
wide, and several of them have a bifurcated end. The calicular rim has two whorls of projecting thorns,
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D8B5810AFBBB767E" box="[977,1142,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.345" valueMax="0.46" valueMin="0.23">0.230.46 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF8E810AFA51767E" box="[1258,1436,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.068" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.056">0.0560.08 mm</quantity>
wide, measured at the proximal end, that have rather blunt tips (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D80181E6FC7B76A2" box="[869,950,1160,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
C). Coenenchymal sclerites comprise small tuberculate radiates and irregular warty ovals (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D9D181C2FCC576C6" box="[693,776,1196,1220]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
E),
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D85781C2FC1476C6" box="[819,985,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.095" valueMax="0.11" valueMin="0.08">0.080.11 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF3681C2FB3576C6" box="[1106,1272,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.06" valueMin="0.05">0.050.06 mm</quantity>
wide; crosses
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DBF381BEFE8076EA" box="[151,333,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="7" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.064" valueMax="0.07" valueMin="0.058">0.0580.07 mm</quantity>
, with tuberculate arms or tuberculate all over; and spindles (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0DF6B81BEFBAD76EA" box="[1039,1120,1232,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
D)
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DFED81BEFAE276EA" box="[1161,1327,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.15">0.150.43 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DBF3819AFEF6770E" box="[151,315,1268,1292]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.06">0.060.18 mm</quantity>
wide, which are variable in shape and can be branched, which have axes straight or bent, and ends acute or irregularly tuberculate. Tentacles bear thorny rods and crescents
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D8BD8076FBB37732" box="[985,1150,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.24" valueMin="0.14">0.140.24 mm</quantity>
long, and
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DF9C8076FA517732" box="[1272,1436,1304,1328]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="0.055" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.03">0.030.08 mm</quantity>
wide (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0DBB98052FEE17756" box="[221,300,1340,1364]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1972,1995]" captionTargetBox="[190,1394,181,1952]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[190,1395,181,1952]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11. Heterogorgia verrucosa, lectotype, YPM 1554 a, sclerites: (A) collaret spindles; (B) point spindles; (C) thorns; (D) spindles; (E) radiates and irregular warty ovals; (F) tentacular rods." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201127/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB0DBA3800EFDF0777A" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,573,1376,1400]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">The colour of the colony is ivory.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB0DBA380EDFD9977E6" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DBA380EDFE80779E" bold="true" box="[199,333,1411,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Variability.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DAE080EAFDEB779E" box="[388,550,1412,1436]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
are up to
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D9F780EBFD07779E" box="[659,714,1413,1436]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
tall and about the same wide, and all are very consistent with the
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DBF380C6FECC77C2" box="[151,257,1448,1472]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
. Some variation in the diameter of the branches has been observed, but the shape of the calyces and their distribution is consistent in all colonies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB0DBA1809EFDFC7506" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
The other material examined consists of colonies that are up to
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tall and
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wide, composed of three to four stems (
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diameter) that arise from a common encrusting holdfast and bifurcate about
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above the base. The branching is lateral and irregular; the branches sprout at different angles and ascend parallel to the main stem, some are bent at the ends (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D92F8332FD537476" box="[587,670,1628,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,558,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1740]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Heterogorgia verrucosa: (A) fragment of the lectotype, MCZ 730; (B) UCR 1715, colony; (C) lectotype colony, YPM 1554 a; (D) UCR 1715, detail of a branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201126/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B). The coenenchyme is thin and firm with a granulose appearance. The polyps are retractile into calyces up to
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0D91883EEFD1E749A" box="[636,723,1664,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
tall and
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diameter and are evenly distributed around the branches, 2530 calyces/cm and
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apart, but more scarcely distributed on the holdfast and at the base of the branches where they are about
<quantity id="965E9B32FFEFFFB0DA9383A6FDF474E2" box="[503,569,1736,1760]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D9EC83A6FD1674E2" box="[648,731,1736,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1781,1804]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,558,1737]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,553,1740]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10. Heterogorgia verrucosa: (A) fragment of the lectotype, MCZ 730; (B) UCR 1715, colony; (C) lectotype colony, YPM 1554 a; (D) UCR 1715, detail of a branch." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201126/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
B, D). The sclerites are consistent in shape and size within the
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DBF38383FF0A7507" box="[151,199,1773,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">type</typeStatus>
series and the rest of collection.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB0DBA1827EFC79754E" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
The colour of the colonies is whitish to beige or brownish in ethanol or dry preserved, and when alive, the coenenchyme looks reddish and the polyps are bright yellow (
<figureCitation id="C99D2A52FFEFFFB0D82A825AFC40754E" box="[846,909,1844,1868]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1312,1335]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,323,1291]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[152,1435,323,1291]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Submarine photographs: (A B) H. hickmani, Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Photographs by H. P. Hickman); (C) H. tortuosa, Coiba Island, Panama; (D) H. verrucosa, Coiba Island." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/201117/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19BC655CFFEFFFB3DBA18236FBEE73F6" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="511936D7FFEFFFB3DBA18236FBAB7366" blockId="13.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DBA18236FEF47572" bold="true" box="[197,313,1880,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEFFFB0DA268236FE127572" author="Castro" box="[322,479,1880,1904]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Castro, C. B. (1990) A new species of Heterogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Coelenterata, Octocorallia) from Brazil with comments on the type species of the genus. Bulletin of Marine Science, 47, 411 - 420." type="journal article" year="1990">Castro (1990)</bibRefCitation>
synonymised
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEFFFB0D9E18237FCCA7572" box="[645,775,1881,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0D9E18237FCCA7572" box="[645,775,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEFFFB0D8288237FC2D7572" box="[844,992,1881,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0D8288237FC2D7572" box="[844,992,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">H. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on a
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DF0A8237FB087573" box="[1134,1221,1881,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of the
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEFFFB0DE7E8237FA567572" box="[1306,1435,1881,1904]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DE7E8237FA567572" box="[1306,1435,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
YPM 1555 series. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFEFFFB0DAD38212FD2F7596" author="Breedy" box="[439,738,1916,1940]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" refString="Breedy, O. &amp; Guzman, H. M. (2005) A new species of alcyonacean octocoral from the Galapagos Archipelago. Journal of the Marine Biology Association of the United Kingdom, 85, 801 - 807." type="journal article" year="2005">Breedy &amp; Guzman (2005)</bibRefCitation>
listed differences between these two species after examining the complete
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFEFFFB0DA5582CFFE4575BB" box="[305,392,1953,1977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEFFFB0DA9C82CFFDB475BA" box="[504,633,1953,1976]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DA9C82CFFDB475BA" box="[504,633,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(YPM 1555ad). We examined a large collection of specimens in this group and found sufficient character differences (
<tableCitation id="1C24036CFFEFFFB0D9AC82AAFCD275DE" box="[712,799,1988,2012]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,235,478,499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative characteristics of the Heterogorgia species. Diameter of branches and calyces represent the average" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05D9665FFFEEFFB1DBF384B0FA5173F1" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" tableUuid="05D9665FFFEEFFB1DBF384B0FA5173F1">Table 2</tableCitation>
) to allow us to retain
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFEFFFB0DF7882ABFB5175DE" box="[1052,1180,1989,2012]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="13" pageNumber="40" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFEFFFB0DF7882ABFB5175DE" box="[1052,1180,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="40">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as it was proposed by Verrill (1868). Compared to
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DAB885F7FCCD72B2" box="[476,768,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3DAB885F7FDBE72B2" box="[476,627,153,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">H. verrucosa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3D91B85F7FCCD72B2" box="[639,768,153,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">H. tortuosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has a more irregular branching pattern, branches are more flattened and shorter and the calyces are more distantly placed and more acute. Also, the coenenchyme of
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3DE5085D3FF0772FA" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DE5085D3FF0772FA" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more granular in appearance than in
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3D9EC858FFCCA72FA" box="[648,775,225,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3D9EC858FFCCA72FA" box="[648,775,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to more warty sclerites and/or their arrangement. Collaret and points in both species are composed of sclerites with similar sizes, but they are more sculpted, thorny and warty in
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3DB9D8447FE467342" box="[249,395,297,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DB9D8447FE467342" box="[249,395,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, collaret and point sclerites are also differently arranged; in
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3DFC78447FAF87342" box="[1187,1333,297,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DFC78447FAF87342" box="[1187,1333,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
there are 4 rows and 34 pairs respectively, and in
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3D9038423FD2B7366" box="[615,742,333,356]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tortuosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3D9038423FD2B7366" box="[615,742,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. tortuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
23 rows and 23 pairs (
<tableCitation id="1C24036CFFECFFB3DF658422FB957366" box="[1025,1112,332,356]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,235,478,499]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,630,889]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparative characteristics of the Heterogorgia species. Diameter of branches and calyces represent the average" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/05D9665FFFEEFFB1DBF384B0FA5173F1" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" tableUuid="05D9665FFFEEFFB1DBF384B0FA5173F1">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFECFFB3DBA18401FD3373AE" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
The
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFECFFB3DB93841EFEEA738A" box="[247,295,368,392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
series mostly consists of colonies in bad condition, and specimen YPM 1554a was selected as the
<typeStatus id="8E1D8875FFECFFB3DE168401FF1073AF" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="96A64D54FFECFFB3DA6684FBFE5973AE" box="[258,404,405,428]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Heterogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DA6684FBFE5973AE" box="[258,404,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">H. verrucosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to establish the species identity.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="511936D7FFECFFB3DBF384D6FBEE73F6" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">
In addition to
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFECFFB3DA5C84D9FE7873CD" box="[312,437,439,463]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFECFFB3DA9684D6FD8373CD" box="[498,590,440,463]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Panama</collectingCountry>
, we recently found this species at the Galapagos Islands,
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFECFFB3DFBE84D9FAF473CD" box="[1242,1337,439,463]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
,
<bibRefCitation id="35374B26FFECFFB3DE2184D9FEC873F6" pageId="14" pageNumber="41" refString="Prahl, H. von, Escobar, D., &amp; Molina, G. (1986) Octocorales (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae y Plexauridae) de aguas someras del Pacifico Colombiano. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 34, 13 - 33." type="journal article">
Prahl
<emphasis id="63D2EAC5FFECFFB3DEEC84D7FF7973F6" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">et al.</emphasis>
(1986)
</bibRefCitation>
reported this species from Gorgona Island and Málaga Bay,
<collectingCountry id="29B17647FFECFFB3D8C984B2FBD273F6" box="[941,1055,476,500]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="41">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>