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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="21001" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e06cb6e9-528b-499b-b7a6-04f79aeceba7" ID-PMC="PMC7486315" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-159-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="30136DBCF1EF530A990029ACA2A8988A" ID-PubMed="32973386" ModsDocID="1314-2003-159-1" checkinTime="1599298975073" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Eggens, Frida, Jafari, Farzaneh, Thollesson, Mikael, Crameri, Simon, Zarre, Shahin &amp; Oxelman, Bengt" docDate="2020" docId="EF4AC7C86BCB5F0BA147D956659953B9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 159: 1-34" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 159" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500" docTitle="Silene exsudans Boiss. &amp; Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 76. 1849" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="30136DBCF1EF530A990029ACA2A8988A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="30136DBCF1EF530A990029ACA2A8988A" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732738891970" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4089B8262A2B0F4CE18E88145C760189">Phylogeny and species delimitation in Silene sect. Arenosae (Caryophyllaceae): a new section</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2AAAD859C6B439F66274E83F39B67A53">Eggens, Frida</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A340811F6D179B06DF0CEF202794FFE7">Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvaegen 18 D, SE- 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E71EE7120D985EEEC01E17A716216063">Jafari, Farzaneh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1AF03DE7711A940178D1881A3F49C6A2">Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155 - 6455, Tehran, Iran &amp; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7AB98551DFCB1983DB690AE13293BA2E" type="email">jafari_far1435@ut.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D286E0183A1206E0E3FDA4E691E71E2F">Thollesson, Mikael</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B1E8B2A65CFB05740AD32A0730FF2D03">Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvaegen 18 C, SE- 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="16892F09D0634999E281FF4BFAB3B219">Crameri, Simon</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="10E5438DB2F49BE98020700477B996A5">Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="ABE8D4DB2B0EA01B6174E9B6E614C4CD">Zarre, Shahin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="51B706A0111BC62FE96EC5F8DDD0AAEA">Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, 14155 - 6455, Tehran, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C059190AA9D3A302F3928A8305D419B3">Oxelman, Bengt</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="03587A076403972CCB3323193DBD1841">Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden &amp; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, P. O. Box 461, 40530 Goeteborg, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D97F018E14E44FA727DC24E17D2E380" type="email">bengt.oxelman@bioenv.gu.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="84BA4998AD87F1A40983606F37973B5F">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="03D73BD003BAC124DF19588E53B7F90F">159</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="9C7AECBCDF618456EB95B49F97671DD1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="70763E01767C5671C2446D31D32C5B56" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EF4AC7C86BCB5F0BA147D956659953B9" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167514836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF4AC7C86BCB5F0BA147D956659953B9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF4AC7C86BCB5F0BA147D956659953B9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Caryophyllaceae">
<subSubSection id="16A94F7DB9B7B42E1D8D3885E3D5B13F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="98A20E15B67E3E09F7C5D8F29BC4137A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
9.
<taxonomicName id="D70793E60FE7D566814B0AE69227DFD0" ID-CoL="7WXQN" LSID="EF4AC7C8-6BCB-5F0B-A147-D956659953B9" authority="Boiss. &amp; Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 76. 1849." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Silene" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Silene exsudans" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="exsudans">Silene exsudans Boiss. &amp; Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 8: 76. 1849.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F57697609A89EA11F726FA46672ABCC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="050F4620B409550A218A0D79BAAFC921" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B8015A39AA111445FEC30AF5D149BCEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
[Turkey, Antalya] in arenosis maritimis
<normalizedToken id="71C870598630D36B7215AF5C340DBDAE" originalValue="portûs">portus</normalizedToken>
Tchinova Lyciae, [12.5.1845],
<emphasis id="C85791E3D9B67E4A2A0C95254CE1273C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T.H.H. v. Heldreich s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated here: G-BOIS! [G00544614]; isolectotypes: G! [G00226916], BM! [BM000990900], E! [E00286972], LE! [LE01051364], WAG! [WAG0191880]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1E7223317ACFE14D3A95995FB8C08E22" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="DCBF08F32892FD79DECE57BE74D01B7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C5EAC01A7EE26369E116D74419E97704" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
5.0-20.0 cm tall, spreading. Stem pubescent in lower part, scabrous, pubescent with sessile glands in upper part; with 4-7 distinct internodes, the uppermost internode obviously longer than the next upper internode. Basal leaves oblanceolate or spathulate, pubescent. Cauline leaves oblanceolate 10.0-25.0
<normalizedToken id="0FB25D785606CF4742EB302A18E9508D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.0-5.0 mm, pubescent, scabrous. Calyx 7.5-8.5 mm long, campanulate at anthesis and clavate in fruit, pubescent, scabrous; teeth unequal; shorter ones 2.0-3.0 mm, deltoid, acuminate; longer ones 2.0-4.0 mm, deltoid, mucronate; marginal hairs long (longer than 0.5 mm). Inflorescence non-divaricate, branch axile (much) less than 90°. Petal claws 5.0-6.0 mm long, ciliate; limbs 3.0-4.5 mm long, bifid, upper-surface pink, lobes ovate, petal limbs cleft to less than middle, lower-surface pink; coronal scales ca 0.5 mm long, ovate, apex dentate or erose. Anthophore 3.0-5.0 mm long, densely puberulent. Anthers included; filaments 5.0-6.0 mm long, glabrous or pubescent. Styles exserted. First pedicel 1.0-2.0 cm in flower, 1.0-3.0 cm in fruit,erect, glabrous, apex antrorse. Capsule 5.0-7.0 mm, ellipsoid, fragile, opaque. Seeds 0.7-0.8 mm wide, 0.8-1.0 mm high, testa smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88643CFDF089A51C3BBF5A4A5B64E985" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4245A3259CACDD466E881E8EF07F8ED4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="20F1359D94230DD69C2313641E42ECE8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
S Mediterranean, Turkey (Lycia) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="57F308D8B1963C06924D37D31100C00D" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution map of S. sect. Arenosae. Each color code corresponds to one taxon: A S. arenosa B S. austroiranica C S. chaetodonta D S. exsudans E S. georgievskyi F S. leyseroides G S. linearis H S. microsperma subsp. cypria I S. microsperma subsp. maritima J S. microsperma subsp. microsperma K S. microsperma subsp. modesta L S. striata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447291" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">7</figureCitation>
). On sandy beaches near the sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB033AAFE187FD5AC38F01B5529D2D4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="AF24D80679A35E5965C5860B512DD545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1750231F08F6A8EE5CE51A2A17A67350" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Readily distinguished by its short calyx and short, deltoid (or broadly ovate) calyx teeth from
<taxonomicName id="D929A0AEDCFD95AD55B1CC7910AACD6D" lsidName="S. microsperma subsp. maritima" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="microsperma" subSpecies="maritima">S. microsperma subsp. maritima</taxonomicName>
(see also notes about that taxon), its oblanceolate leaves, ascending habit and short size of the plant.
<bibRefCitation id="2FB8DEFA8F6A3F55E635B505760EAFAA" author="Coode, MJE" editor="Davis, PH" journalOrPublisher="2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="179 - 242" refId="B14" refString="Coode, MJE, Cullen, J, 1967. Silene L. In: Davis, PH, Ed., Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh: 179 - 242" title="Silene L." volumeTitle="Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol." year="1967">Coode and Cullen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
considered &quot;
<taxonomicName id="D1174A4F9E750BBA27FB6849832D860F" lsidName="S. exsudans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exsudans">
<emphasis id="D3B11CC9373927DCA1C2841F795B9811" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. exsudans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="439FE8107C19E188C2F4B91CD495771B" lsidName="S. kotschyi subsp. var. var. maritima" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="kotschyi" subSpecies="var." variety="maritima">S. kotschyi var. maritima</taxonomicName>
. Our phylogenies (Figs
<figureCitation id="13B8EC5692D6EF44D33E18E0AB0B2500" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Species tree from two STACEY runs and three unlinked regions (ITS, RPB 2, rps 16). Posterior probabilities&gt; 0.75 are shown above branches. The number following the taxonomic name is the specimen ID (Suppl. material 1). Scale bar reflects the number of substitutions per site." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447285" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="8BC56AF07940516D53F4CBCE6089B013" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (&gt; 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447287" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D4ACB399F8BB7F147E7F82228A7EDEBB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the RPB 2 sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (&gt; 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447289" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
) verify it as belonging to the
<taxonomicName id="89C200175F26B1D1DD31ADE9D377C4C4" lsidName="S. microsperma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="3BFE55592CF4AA334AE512FD0039F3FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group but as a distinct species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="88E69F581C4F270E9095A92966A25918" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We generated two ITS sequences for
<taxonomicName id="740B80AF6C14836FEE7D976525F92E80" lsidName="S. exsudans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exsudans">
<emphasis id="E69D6ECB79845C8A1BE6EB703C6ABD16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. exsudans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which form a strongly supported clade (PP = 1.00 MPB = 90% MLB = 95%, Fig.
<figureCitation id="717EDC5860E0128DCF9A7984B633847E" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (&gt; 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447287" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
) in the phylogeny. This species is nested within the unresolved
<taxonomicName id="D0D9F56A967B174DC5083A28F3398A71" lsidName="S. microsperma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="BE10F6288BABE86BCC9A8B3BE99A940E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade in the ITS tree and the
<emphasis id="26C2E9AA7F85FAC681046DC733A379A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">RPB2</emphasis>
phylogeny (PP = 0.98 MPB = 86% MLB = 97%, Fig.
<figureCitation id="6CEAB3607A9451B646E532BBC75104BA" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the ITS sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (&gt; 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447287" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3</figureCitation>
, PP = 0.96 MPB = 83%, Fig.
<figureCitation id="99CAA2C7CFF7F3C8F8CD693CA36902DC" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of the RPB 2 sequences including 76 taxa. The trees were summarized in a 50 % majority-rule consensus tree with the posterior probabilities (PP) indicated above branches. Bootstrap support values (&gt; 75 %) based on MP and ML are noted below branches, respectively. The numbers following the taxonomic name indicate the specimen ID and Genbank numbers (Suppl. material 1), respectively." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.159.51500.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/447289" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
). The significant morphological differences lead us to treat
<taxonomicName id="1EC3896E6B34B2AA782591F10ACAA1D7" lsidName="S. exsudans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="exsudans">
<emphasis id="8CE343F4C8648A11C14120675B19D6BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. exsudans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a distinct species instead of merging it as subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="DF8997F6A3D245ED310BCC5FE6941B47" lsidName="S. microsperma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="5D4D41AC8521C19FB205B77F917B5A3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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