956 lines
127 KiB
XML
956 lines
127 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f5516bf5-41e1-4312-8802-e754a7600cd2" ID-PMC="PMC9675785" ID-PubMed="36402874" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7362704" approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1669401102694" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wang, Xuri, Cau, Andrea, Guo, Bin, Ma, Feimin, Qing, Gele & Liu, Yichuan" docDate="2022" docId="DC228C6D092AA041FB66FA1E26FCF9B8" docLanguage="en" docName="SciRep.12.19965.1-10.pdf" docOrigin="Scientific Reports (19965) 12 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x" docTitle="Daurlong wangi Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu 2022, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="201BF415092AA044FFE9FFCD241AFFC1" masterDocTitle="Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods" masterLastPageNumber="10" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19965" updateTime="1669401708366" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Intestinal preservation in a birdlike dinosaur supports conservatism in digestive canal evolution among theropods</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xuri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">147966459@qq.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cau, Andrea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Unaffiliated, 43125 Parma, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cauand@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Guo, Bin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, Huhhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ma, Feimin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, Huhhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qing, Gele</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Inner Mongolia Museum of Natural History, Huhhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Yichuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Scientific Reports</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="series">
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<mods:title>19965</mods:title>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-11-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1038/s41598-022-24602-x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f5516bf5-41e1-4312-8802-e754a7600cd2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PMC">PMC9675785</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="PubMed">36402874</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7362704</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC228C6D092AA041FB66FA1E26FCF9B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DC228C6D092AA041FB66FA1E26FCF9B8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<subSubSection box="[1167,1464,1491,1513]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[750,1464,1491,1513]" box="[1167,1464,1491,1513]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<heading box="[1167,1464,1491,1513]" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu, 2022" authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[1167,1318,1491,1513]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1167,1318,1491,1513]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1323,1464,1492,1513]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[446,1478,1551,1813]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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||
<materialsCitation country="Mongolia" latitude="48.661324" location="Pigeon Hill" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="123.8781" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" specimenCode="IMMNH-PV00731" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morin Dawa Daur" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis box="[446,531,1551,1572]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<typeStatus box="[446,531,1551,1572]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[537,723,1551,1572]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">IMMNH-PV00731</specimenCode>
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, an almost complete dromaeosaurid (
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<figureCitation box="[1085,1149,1551,1573]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[1159,1171,1551,1572]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">2</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary information).
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<emphasis box="[446,652,1578,1599]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Locality and Horizon</emphasis>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DC228C6D092AA041FB66FA1E26FCF9B8:51546BA0092AA044FD7AF9E7271FF981" box="[659,773,1578,1600]" country="Mongolia" latitude="48.661324" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="123.8781" name="Pigeon Hill" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" stateProvince="Morin Dawa Daur">Pigeon Hill</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[783,965,1578,1600]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Morin Dawa Daur</collectingRegion>
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Autonomous Banner, Inner
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<collectingCountry box="[1249,1343,1578,1600]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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Autonomous Region (
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<geoCoordinate box="[527,674,1603,1626]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" precision="1" seconds="40.76" value="48.661324">N 48°39′40.76″</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<geoCoordinate box="[681,840,1603,1626]" degrees="123" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" precision="1" seconds="41.15" value="123.8781">E 123°52′ 41.15″</geoCoordinate>
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);
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<geologicalTimeScale box="[860,1252,1604,1626]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Longjiang Formation, Lower Cretaceous</geologicalTimeScale>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[446,1478,1551,1813]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<emphasis box="[446,546,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Etymology</emphasis>
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The genus name is derived from the Daur Nation, and the Chinese AE ("lóng") for "dragon". The species name honors Mr. Wang Junyou, director of the
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<collectionCode box="[975,1065,1658,1679]" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">IMMNH</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="0.[446,1478,1551,1813]" lastBlockId="1.[446,1478,1202,1304]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">
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<emphasis box="[446,538,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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Mid-sized dromaeosaurid with (autapomorphies marked by asterisk): slender subnarial ramus of premaxilla extended caudally well beyond the external naris; large, trapezoid promaxillary recess placed at the rostroventral corner of antorbital fossa*; maxillary fossa large, shallow and caudodorsally located, so that the
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<emphasis box="[446,613,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">pila promaxillaris</emphasis>
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is wider than the
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<emphasis box="[782,961,1764,1785]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="19965">pila interfenestralis</emphasis>
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*; stepped transition from the subcutaneous surface of maxillary ventral ramus to the antorbital fossa; fan-shaped distal end of first sternal rib*. Differential diagnosis:
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<taxonomicName box="[480,569,1202,1223]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[480,569,1202,1223]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Daurlong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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further differs from
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<taxonomicName box="[765,890,1203,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[765,890,1203,1224]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because it bears longer and more robust maxillary teeth and a more robust ulna.
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<taxonomicName box="[623,713,1229,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[623,713,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Daurlong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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further differs from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[912,1048,1229,1250]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[912,1048,1229,1250]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because it lacks a pitted ventral ramus of the antorbital fossa, lacks markedly concave distal margins in maxillary tooth crowns, bears a bowed scapula, a more robust radius, and a wider overlap of the semilunate carpal over metacarpal
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<collectionCode box="[1233,1249,1283,1304]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">II</collectionCode>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[1261,1316,1282,1304]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[416,481,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[432,1321,137,1479]" captionTargetId="figure-67@3.[416,1323,135,1480]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Diagnosis of Daurlong wangi. Specimen IMMNH-PV00731. Skull (a, b), lef scapula (c), sternum and lef hand (d, e), right forelimb (f). Reconstruction in (g) by M. Auditore (CC-BY 4.0). Combination of features diagnostic for D. wangi: 1, slender subnarial ramus of premaxilla extended caudally well beyond the external naris; 2, large, trapezoid promaxillary recess placed at the rostroventral corner of antorbital fossa; 3, maxillary fossa large, shallow and caudodorsally located, so that the pila promaxillaris is wider than the pila interfenestralis; 4, stepped subcutaneous surface of the ventral ramus of maxilla; 5, absence of pitted ventral ramus of the antorbital fossa; 6, robust fang-like maxillary teeth with straight to slightly convex distal crown margins; 7, distal end of first sternal rib fan-shaped. 8, bowed scapula; 9. radius and ulna more robust than any manual element; 10. wide overlap of the semilunate carpal over metacarpal II. In D, gray area indicates sternum, black areas indicate lef hand elements. Abbreviations: af, antorbital fossa; de, dentary; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; ma, maxilla; na, nasal; pm, premaxilla; su, surangular. Scale bar in G=10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" targetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[415,1411,1082,1131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[415,503,1082,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[518,668,1082,1104]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
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<emphasis box="[518,668,1082,1104]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype. (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[775,786,1083,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">a</emphasis>
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), whole specimen. (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[976,989,1083,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">b</emphasis>
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), skull. (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1072,1082,1083,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">c</emphasis>
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), detail of orbit region. (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1313,1326,1083,1104]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">d</emphasis>
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), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[848,858,1109,1130]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">e</emphasis>
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), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1223,1236,1109,1130]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">b</emphasis>
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), 10 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1336,1346,1109,1130]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">c</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[416,1478,1340,1949]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,751,1340,1364]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description and comparison.</emphasis>
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The
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<typeStatus box="[822,906,1341,1363]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[942,1097,1341,1362]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
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<emphasis box="[942,1097,1341,1362]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an almost complete and articulated skeleton with a length of about
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<quantity box="[727,800,1367,1389]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[814,870,1367,1389]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). Part of the ribcage and the corresponding gastral region are overlapped by the lef forelimb (segments of the humerus and forearm are missing) and suffered some crushing during diagenesis. The specimen is 85% the size of
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<taxonomicName box="[910,1113,1421,1442]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ostromi">
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<emphasis box="[910,1113,1421,1442]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tianyuraptor ostromi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<typeStatus box="[1119,1203,1421,1443]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">holotype</typeStatus>
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<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1203,1210,1418,1432]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
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||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1203,1210,1418,1432]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 93% the size of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="suni">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong suni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[505,589,1447,1469]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[589,596,1445,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[589,596,1445,1459]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and between 115 and 350% the size of the Jehol Biota microraptorines
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1272,1290,1444,1459]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[1272,1279,1444,1458]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Han, G." box="[1283,1290,1445,1459]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="4382" refId="ref5580" refString="8. Han, G. et al. A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance. Nat. Commun. 5, 4382 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The skull is almost perfectly articulated, except for the missing nasal ramus of the lef premaxilla and the partially displaced dorsal parts of the right nasal and lacrimal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[779,845,1501,1523]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[857,869,1501,1522]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[416,481,1511,1533]" captionTargetBox="[432,1321,137,1479]" captionTargetId="figure-67@3.[416,1323,135,1480]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Diagnosis of Daurlong wangi. Specimen IMMNH-PV00731. Skull (a, b), lef scapula (c), sternum and lef hand (d, e), right forelimb (f). Reconstruction in (g) by M. Auditore (CC-BY 4.0). Combination of features diagnostic for D. wangi: 1, slender subnarial ramus of premaxilla extended caudally well beyond the external naris; 2, large, trapezoid promaxillary recess placed at the rostroventral corner of antorbital fossa; 3, maxillary fossa large, shallow and caudodorsally located, so that the pila promaxillaris is wider than the pila interfenestralis; 4, stepped subcutaneous surface of the ventral ramus of maxilla; 5, absence of pitted ventral ramus of the antorbital fossa; 6, robust fang-like maxillary teeth with straight to slightly convex distal crown margins; 7, distal end of first sternal rib fan-shaped. 8, bowed scapula; 9. radius and ulna more robust than any manual element; 10. wide overlap of the semilunate carpal over metacarpal II. In D, gray area indicates sternum, black areas indicate lef hand elements. Abbreviations: af, antorbital fossa; de, dentary; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; ma, maxilla; na, nasal; pm, premaxilla; su, surangular. Scale bar in G=10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362710/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">3</figureCitation>
|
||
). A similar displacement of nasal and lacrimal is visible in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[416,500,1527,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[528,663,1527,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[528,663,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[663,670,1525,1539]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[663,670,1525,1539]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The skull is about 94% of femur length, comparable to most taxa (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cau, Beyrand, Voeten, Fernandez, Tafforeau, Stein, Barsbold, Tsogtbaatar, Currie & Godefroit" authorityYear="2017" box="[1339,1472,1527,1548]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Halszkaraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1339,1472,1527,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Halszkaraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[416,529,1555,1576]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,529,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sues" authorityYear="1978" box="[574,734,1554,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Saurornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[574,734,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Saurornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) whose skulls are approximately 92–95% of femur length
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1272,1302,1551,1566]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Han, G." box="[1272,1279,1551,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="4382" refId="ref5580" refString="8. Han, G. et al. A new raptorial dinosaur with exceptionally long feathering provides insights into dromaeosaurid flight performance. Nat. Commun. 5, 4382 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">8</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A." box="[1287,1302,1551,1565]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="8672" refId="ref5790" refString="13. Cau, A. Te body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei (Dinosauria, Teropoda) is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory. PeerJ 8, e 8672 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1337,1472,1554,1575]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1337,1472,1554,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the skull is about 86% of femur length
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[779,786,1578,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[779,786,1578,1592]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[865,990,1581,1602]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[865,990,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the skull is longer than the femur
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1313,1320,1578,1592]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1313,1320,1578,1592]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burnham, Derstler, Currie, Bakker, Zhou & Ostrom" authorityYear="2000" box="[1358,1478,1581,1602]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Bambiraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1358,1478,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Bambiraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[457,618,1607,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,618,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the skull is about 103–105% longer than the femur
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wu, X. C." box="[1113,1128,1605,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1739 - 1752" refId="ref5701" refString="11. Xu, X. & Wu, X. C. Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii (Dinosauria: Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian formation of Liaoning, China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 38, 1739 - 1752 (2001)." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1113,1128,1605,1619]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">11</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[1165,1279,1607,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1279,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Velociraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the skull is between 117 and 128% of femur length, due to the relatively elongate snout
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[1045,1060,1631,1645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1045,1060,1631,1645]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">10</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The rostral margin of the premaxilla forms a right angle with the occlusal margin, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[877,991,1661,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,991,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Velociraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1000,1135,1661,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1135,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sues" authorityYear="1978" box="[1181,1341,1661,1682]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Saurornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1181,1341,1661,1682]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Saurornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1341,1386,1658,1672]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C." box="[1341,1348,1658,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="262 - 266" refId="ref5270" refString="2. Xu, X., Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C. A dromaeosaur dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 401, 262 - 266 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[1352,1367,1658,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[1371,1386,1658,1672]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, differing from the shallower premaxillae with acute rostroventral corner in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[1051,1164,1688,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1051,1164,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1213,1374,1687,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1213,1374,1687,1708]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1374,1400,1685,1699]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1374,1381,1685,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wu, X. C." box="[1385,1400,1685,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1739 - 1752" refId="ref5701" refString="11. Xu, X. & Wu, X. C. Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii (Dinosauria: Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian formation of Liaoning, China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 38, 1739 - 1752 (2001)." type="journal article" year="2001">11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
and the shallow platyrostral premaxilla of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cau, Beyrand, Voeten, Fernandez, Tafforeau, Stein, Barsbold, Tsogtbaatar, Currie & Godefroit" authorityYear="2017" box="[747,880,1714,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Halszkaraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,880,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Halszkaraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A." box="[881,896,1711,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="8672" refId="ref5790" refString="13. Cau, A. Te body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei (Dinosauria, Teropoda) is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory. PeerJ 8, e 8672 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[881,896,1711,1725]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">13</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The subnarial process of the premaxilla extends caudodorsally well beyond the caudal margin of the external naris, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[1024,1138,1741,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1138,1741,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Velociraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1186,1297,1741,1762]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Linheraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1297,1741,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Linheraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1297,1330,1738,1752]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[1297,1312,1738,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X." box="[1315,1330,1738,1752]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref5828" refString="14. Xu, X. et al. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa 2403, 1 - 9 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, differing from the relatively shorter processes in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[754,867,1768,1789]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[754,867,1768,1789]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[920,1055,1767,1788]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[920,1055,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1055,1073,1764,1779]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C." box="[1055,1062,1765,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="262 - 266" refId="ref5270" refString="2. Xu, X., Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C. A dromaeosaur dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 401, 262 - 266 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[1066,1073,1764,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sues" authorityYear="1978" box="[1088,1248,1767,1788]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Saurornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1088,1248,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Saurornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows an intermediate condition. The external naris is relatively small, tear-shaped with the long axis directed caudodorsally, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[441,576,1821,1842]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,576,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[576,583,1818,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[576,583,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and differing from the relatively larger external naris in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[1120,1233,1821,1842]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1233,1821,1842]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1234,1241,1818,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1234,1241,1818,1832]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In eudromaeosaurs, the external naris is relatively shorter and its long axis is subparallel to the oral margin
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1202,1235,1845,1859]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[1202,1217,1845,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[1220,1235,1845,1859]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[416,1478,1340,1949]" lastBlockId="3.[416,1477,1902,1950]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
The subcutaneous part of the rostral ramus of the maxilla is relatively small and triangular, taller than long and similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[558,694,1901,1922]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[558,694,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[694,701,1898,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[694,701,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[751,825,1901,1922]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Wulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,825,1901,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Wulong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poust, A. W. & Gao, C. L. & Varricchio, D. J. & Wu, J. L. & Zhang, F. J." box="[824,839,1898,1912]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="963 - 987" refId="ref5867" refString="15. Poust, A. W., Gao, C. L., Varricchio, D. J., Wu, J. L. & Zhang, F. J. A new microraptorine theropod from the Jehol Biota and growth in early dromaeosaurids. Anat. Rec. 303, 963 - 987 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[824,839,1898,1912]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">15</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, differing from the relatively more elongate ramus in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cau, Beyrand, Voeten, Fernandez, Tafforeau, Stein, Barsbold, Tsogtbaatar, Currie & Godefroit" authorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Halszkaraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Halszkaraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A." box="[443,458,1925,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="8672" refId="ref5790" refString="13. Cau, A. Te body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei (Dinosauria, Teropoda) is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory. PeerJ 8, e 8672 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[443,458,1925,1939]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">13</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[468,582,1928,1949]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,582,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[582,589,1925,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[582,589,1925,1939]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">4</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and in some eudromaeosaurs
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[873,926,1925,1939]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X." box="[873,888,1925,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref5828" refString="14. Xu, X. et al. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa 2403, 1 - 9 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Godefroit, P. & Currie, P. J. & Hong, L. & Shang, C. Y. & Dong, Z. M." box="[892,907,1925,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="432 - 438" refId="ref5930" refString="16. Godefroit, P., Currie, P. J., Hong, L., Shang, C. Y. & Dong, Z. M. A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the upper Cretaceous of northern China. J Vertebr. Paleontol. 28, 432 - 438 (2008)." type="journal article" year="2008">16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, D. C. & Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J." box="[911,926,1925,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="1041 - 1049" refId="ref5994" refString="17. Evans, D. C., Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America. Sci. Nat. 100, 1041 - 1049 (2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The antorbital fossa is large, longer than tall and covering more than two-thirds of the maxilla, similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[858,992,1600,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,992,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1110,1600,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Wulong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1110,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Wulong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1110,1136,1597,1612]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1110,1117,1598,1612]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poust, A. W. & Gao, C. L. & Varricchio, D. J. & Wu, J. L. & Zhang, F. J." box="[1121,1136,1597,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="963 - 987" refId="ref5867" refString="15. Poust, A. W., Gao, C. L., Varricchio, D. J., Wu, J. L. & Zhang, F. J. A new microraptorine theropod from the Jehol Biota and growth in early dromaeosaurids. Anat. Rec. 303, 963 - 987 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">15</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, differing from the relatively shorter excavation seen in some eudromaeosaurs (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Evans, Larson & Currie" authorityYear="2013" box="[875,1000,1627,1648]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Acheroraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[875,1000,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acheroraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, D. C. & Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J." box="[1000,1015,1624,1638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1041 - 1049" refId="ref5994" refString="17. Evans, D. C., Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America. Sci. Nat. 100, 1041 - 1049 (2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1000,1015,1624,1638]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">17</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). As in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1234,1627,1648]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1092,1230,1627,1648]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Zhenyuanlong</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the rostral margin of the antorbital fossa is at the level of the second maxillary tooth, more rostral than in other dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1394,1431,1651,1665]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1394,1401,1651,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1405,1412,1651,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[1416,1431,1651,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The promaxillary fenestra is relatively large, as in other Jehol Biota dromaeosaurids
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1186,1193,1677,1691]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1186,1193,1677,1691]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is placed adjacent to the rostroventral corner of the antorbital fossa, differing from the more caudally placed fenestra in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[495,632,1734,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,632,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[632,658,1731,1745]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[632,639,1731,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wu, X. C." box="[643,658,1731,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1739 - 1752" refId="ref5701" refString="11. Xu, X. & Wu, X. C. Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii (Dinosauria: Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian formation of Liaoning, China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 38, 1739 - 1752 (2001)." type="journal article" year="2001">11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[698,813,1734,1755]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,813,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the promaxillary fenestra is narrower rostrocaudally and elongated dorsoventrally
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[555,562,1757,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[555,562,1757,1771]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">4</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The promaxillary fenestra is trapezoid in lateral view, with straight rostral, caudal and ventral margins, and a caudodorsally slanted dorsal margin. The maxillary recess is a large shallow fossa delimited by curved ridges paralleling the rostral margin of the antorbital fenestra. The
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1311,1814,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pila promaxillaris</emphasis>
|
||
is rostrocaudally wider than the
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,736,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pila interfenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Supplementary information), a condition differentiating
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1287,1376,1840,1861]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1287,1376,1840,1861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Daurlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[416,540,1868,1889]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,540,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[585,719,1867,1888]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[585,719,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which show a relatively narrower
|
||
<emphasis box="[1044,1209,1867,1888]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pila promaxillaris</emphasis>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1209,1227,1864,1878]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1209,1216,1864,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1220,1227,1864,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. In microraptorines
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1417,1443,1864,1878]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1417,1424,1864,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wu, X. C." box="[1428,1443,1864,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1739 - 1752" refId="ref5701" refString="11. Xu, X. & Wu, X. C. Cranial morphology of Sinornithosaurus millenii (Dinosauria: Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Yixian formation of Liaoning, China. Can. J. Earth Sci. 38, 1739 - 1752 (2001)." type="journal article" year="2001">11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
the area around the
|
||
<emphasis box="[571,739,1894,1915]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">pila promaxillaris</emphasis>
|
||
and the region underneath the antorbital fenestra are excavated by a series of small pits and ridges, absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[712,801,1920,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,801,1920,1941]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Daurlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The caudoventral ramus of the antorbital fossa lacks the pits and crests present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[519,656,1947,1968]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,656,1947,1968]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[656,663,1944,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[656,663,1944,1958]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The dorsoventrally shallow subcutaneous surface of the ventral ramus is separated from the antorbital fossa by a stepped margin, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1014,1150,1902,1923]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1150,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which shows a distinct antorbital rim
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[451,458,1926,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[451,458,1926,1940]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As in other dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[738,777,1926,1940]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evans, D. C. & Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J." box="[738,753,1926,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1041 - 1049" refId="ref5994" refString="17. Evans, D. C., Larson, D. W. & Currie, P. J. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) with Asian affinities from the latest Cretaceous of North America. Sci. Nat. 100, 1041 - 1049 (2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">17</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E. & Pol, D. & Canale, J. I. & Porfiri, J. D. & Calvo, J. O." box="[762,777,1926,1940]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref6093" refString="19. Novas, F. E., Pol, D., Canale, J. I., Porfiri, J. D. & Calvo, J. O. A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 276, 1101 - 1007 (2009)." type="journal volume" year="2009">19</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, the postrantral wall is widely exposed in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" targetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[416,1459,1379,1508]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,504,1379,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Selected elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[715,864,1379,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,864,1379,1401]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[971,982,1380,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a</emphasis>
|
||
), neck and pectoral region. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1255,1268,1380,1401]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">b</emphasis>
|
||
), thoraco-sacral series. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[488,498,1406,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">c</emphasis>
|
||
), ventral part of the belly region. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[822,835,1406,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">d</emphasis>
|
||
), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[646,675,1486,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">a-c</emphasis>
|
||
) = 20 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7362710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[416,481,1511,1533]" targetBox="[432,1321,137,1479]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[416,1477,1511,1800]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,504,1511,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[642,791,1511,1533]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,791,1511,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Specimen IMMNH-PV00731. Skull (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1153,1164,1511,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1175,1188,1511,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">b</emphasis>
|
||
), lef scapula (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1326,1336,1511,1532]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">c</emphasis>
|
||
), sternum and lef hand (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,526,1538,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">d</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[536,546,1538,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">e</emphasis>
|
||
), right forelimb (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[711,719,1537,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">f</emphasis>
|
||
). Reconstruction in (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[922,934,1538,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">g</emphasis>
|
||
) by M. Auditore (CC-BY 4.0). Combination of features diagnostic for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[552,635,1565,1586]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[552,635,1565,1586]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D. wangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1, slender subnarial ramus of premaxilla extended caudally well beyond the external naris; 2, large, trapezoid promaxillary recess placed at the rostroventral corner of antorbital fossa; 3, maxillary fossa large, shallow and caudodorsally located, so that the
|
||
<emphasis box="[963,1127,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pila promaxillaris</emphasis>
|
||
is wider than the
|
||
<emphasis box="[1296,1473,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pila interfenestralis</emphasis>
|
||
; 4, stepped subcutaneous surface of the ventral ramus of maxilla; 5, absence of pitted ventral ramus of the antorbital fossa; 6, robust fang-like maxillary teeth with straight to slightly convex distal crown margins; 7, distal end of first sternal rib fan-shaped. 8, bowed scapula; 9. radius and ulna more robust than any manual element; 10. wide overlap of the semilunate carpal over metacarpal II. In D, gray area indicates sternum, black areas indicate lef hand elements. Abbreviations: af, antorbital fossa; de, dentary; ju, jugal; la, lacrimal; ma, maxilla; na, nasal; pm, premaxilla; su, surangular. Scale bar in G = 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1479,133,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The lacrimal is T-shaped as in most dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[938,987,133,147]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[938,945,133,147]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[949,964,133,147]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[972,987,133,147]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The frontal widely contributes to the dorsal margin of the orbit. The orbit is ovoid-shaped with the long axis directed rostroventrally-caudodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1365,1422,162,184]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The scleral ring is nearly completely preserved inside the orbit. Its dorsoventral axis coincides with that of the orbital fenestra, and does not appear significantly deformed, allowing for an accurate measurement of its inner and external diameters. The scleral ring is large (external diameter about 93% of orbital diameter) and moderately slender. The rostral ramus of the postorbital is upturned, forming an obtuse angle with the caudal ramus, which is instead perpendicular to the ventral ramus. The elements of the caudal portion of the skull are badly preserved. The dentary shows a length/depth ratio of approximately 8, proportionally intermediate between the more gracile conditions in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[546,659,350,371]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,659,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,822,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[704,818,349,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Velociraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Velociraptor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the relatively stouter dentary of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sues" authorityYear="1978" box="[1165,1324,349,370]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Saurornitholestes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1324,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Saurornitholestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1324,1368,346,360]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1324,1331,346,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[1335,1350,346,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H." box="[1353,1368,346,360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="189 - 219" refId="ref5751" refString="12. Barsbold, R. & Osmolska, H. Te skull of Velociraptor (Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 44, 189 - 219 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">12</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The dorsal margin is slanted rostroventrally at its rostralmost end, then, caudal to the second alveolus, it is parallel to most of the ventral margin, as in most non-dromaeosaurine dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1109,1136,400,414]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1109,1116,400,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C." box="[1121,1136,400,414]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref5647" refString="10. Currie, P. J. & Evans, D. C. Cranial anatomy of new specimens of Saurornitholestes langstoni (Dinosauria, Teropoda, Dromaeosauridae) from the Dinosaur Park formation (Campanian) of Alberta. Anat. Rec. 04715, 1 - 25 (2019)." type="book chapter" year="2019">10</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The ventral margin of the dentary gradually tapers rostrodorsally from the rostral sixth of the bone, and then is inclined caudodorsally along the caudal third. The postdentary elements of the mandible are badly preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1479,133,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The single premaxillary tooth crown preserved is unserrated, bears a sharp apex, and is slightly curved distally near the apex. Ten teeth are preserved in the maxilla, with an additional tooth missing. The crowns are more robust and elongate than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[795,921,536,557]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[795,921,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[920,927,533,547]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[920,927,533,547]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The middle maxillary teeth are the longest and fang-like, similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[593,707,563,584]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[593,707,563,584]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[707,714,560,574]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[707,714,560,574]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The crowns of the second, fourth and last preserved maxillary tooth bear dense serrations along their distal carinae. All maxillary teeth are blade-shaped and only slightly curved distally near the apex, differing from the more curved teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[890,1026,616,637]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,1026,616,637]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1026,1033,613,627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1026,1033,613,627]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Six dentary teeth can be recognized. They are much smaller than the maxillary teeth. Ten cervical vertebrae are preserved in articulation, but badly preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[423,478,669,691]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cranial neural spines of the dorsal series are rectangular and strongly inclined caudodorsally. The caudal neural spines of the dorsal series are square-shaped, with their long axis oriented dorsally, almost vertical to the corresponding centra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[697,752,722,744]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sacrum includes six vertebrae. The sutures along the sacral centra are obliterated, except for a faint suture visible between centra 2 and 3. The first caudal vertebra is similar in size to the last sacral vertebra. The tail is complete, approximately 4.4 times longer than the femur, but the number of the vertebrae is uncertain (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[632,685,802,824]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most of the caudal vertebrae are encased in the caudotheca
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Senter, P. & Kirkland, J. I. & DeBlieux, D. D. & Madsen, S. & Toth, N." box="[1257,1272,800,814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6202" refString="21. Senter, P., Kirkland, J. I., DeBlieux, D. D., Madsen, S. & Toth, N. New dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the evolution of the dromaeosaurid tail. PLoS ONE 7 (5), 1 - 20 (2012)." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1257,1272,800,814]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">21</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as in microraptorines andeudromaeosaurs
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[618,644,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[618,625,826,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ostrom, J. H." box="[629,644,826,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref6161" refString="20. Ostrom, J. H. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 30, 1 - 165 (1969)." type="journal article" year="1969">20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[656,746,829,850]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[656,746,829,850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Daurlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to other Jehol Biota dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1198,1227,826,840]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1198,1205,826,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1209,1216,826,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[1220,1254,826,851]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="7.0">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1220,1227,826,840]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">7</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
having the caudotheca extended through the rostralmost vertebrae, differing from eudromaeosaurs where the bony rods bundle begins distal to caudal
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[577,610,880,894]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
620,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Senter, P. & Kirkland, J. I. & DeBlieux, D. D. & Madsen, S. & Toth, N." box="[595,610,880,894]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6202" refString="21. Senter, P., Kirkland, J. I., DeBlieux, D. D., Madsen, S. & Toth, N. New dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the evolution of the dromaeosaurid tail. PLoS ONE 7 (5), 1 - 20 (2012)." type="journal article" year="2012">21</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The scapula is strap-like and uniformly bowed dorsally, differing from the straight scapula of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[441,578,909,930]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,578,909,930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[578,585,906,920]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[578,585,906,920]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As in most paravians, the scapula is shorter than the humerus and more gracile than midshaf diameter of the ulna, with no distal expansion. The lef coracoid is partially preserved. The bone is fused to the scapula, and both contribute to the laterally-facing glenoid, as in other paravians
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1245,1272,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, A. H. & Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A." box="[1245,1252,960,974]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 206" part="371" refId="ref5220" refString="1. Turner, A. H., Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 371, 1 - 206 (2012)." title="A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny" type="journal article" year="2012">1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Brusatte, S. L." box="[1257,1272,960,974]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref6268" refString="22. Brusatte, S. L. et al. Te osteology of Balaur bondoc, an island-dwelling dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Romania. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 374, 1 - 100 (2013)." type="journal article" year="2013">22</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. There is no evidence of the large coracoid fenestra present in some microraptorines
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1014,1032,986,1000]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, A. H. & Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A." box="[1014,1021,986,1000]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 206" part="371" refId="ref5220" refString="1. Turner, A. H., Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 371, 1 - 206 (2012)." title="A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny" type="journal article" year="2012">1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[1025,1032,986,1000]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The sternum is large and subrectangular with the long axis as long as the humeral shaf (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[828,884,1016,1038]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). It appears as a single unpaired element, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[1342,1457,1016,1037]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1342,1457,1016,1037]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Senter, P. & Kirkland, J. I. & DeBlieux, D. D. & Madsen, S. & Toth, N." box="[1457,1472,1013,1027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref6202" refString="21. Senter, P., Kirkland, J. I., DeBlieux, D. D., Madsen, S. & Toth, N. New dromaeosaurids (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the lower Cretaceous of Utah, and the evolution of the dromaeosaurid tail. PLoS ONE 7 (5), 1 - 20 (2012)." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1457,1472,1013,1027]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">21</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and differing from the incompletely fused elements in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cau, Beyrand, Voeten, Fernandez, Tafforeau, Stein, Barsbold, Tsogtbaatar, Currie & Godefroit" authorityYear="2017" box="[949,1084,1042,1063]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Halszkaraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,1084,1042,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Halszkaraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and eudromaeosaurs
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1295,1340,1040,1054]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Turner, A. H. & Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A." box="[1295,1302,1040,1054]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 206" part="371" refId="ref5220" refString="1. Turner, A. H., Makovicky, P. J. & Norell, M. A. A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 371, 1 - 206 (2012)." title="A review of dromaeosaurid systematics and paravian phylogeny" type="journal article" year="2012">1</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X." box="[1306,1321,1040,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref5828" refString="14. Xu, X. et al. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa 2403, 1 - 9 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A. & Beyrand, V. & Barsbold, R. & Tsogtbaatar, K. & Godefroit, P." box="[1325,1340,1040,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref6343" refString="24. Cau, A., Beyrand, V., Barsbold, R., Tsogtbaatar, K. & Godefroit, P. Unusual pectoral apparatus in a predatory dinosaur resolves avian wishbone homology. Sci. Rep. 11 (14722), 1 - 10 (2021)." type="journal article" year="2021">24</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. Four pairs of sternal ribs articulate with the sternum, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu, Zhou & Wang" authorityYear="2000" box="[842,955,1070,1091]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Microraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[842,955,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Microraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1000,1160,1069,1090]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1160,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, differing from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xu & Qin" authorityYear="2017" box="[1309,1478,1069,1090]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhongjianosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1309,1478,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhongjianosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which shows five pairs
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Qin, Z. C." box="[631,646,1093,1107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="129 - 144" refId="ref6397" refString="25. Xu, X. & Qin, Z. C. A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids. Vert. PalAs 55, 129 - 144 (2017)." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[631,646,1093,1107]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">25</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The first pair of sternal ribs is more robust than the others and shows an elongate fanshaped morphology expanded laterodistally, differing from the slender shaf and the spoon-shaped distal end shared by other dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[725,751,1146,1160]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[725,732,1146,1160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Qin, Z. C." box="[736,751,1146,1160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="129 - 144" refId="ref6397" refString="25. Xu, X. & Qin, Z. C. A new tiny dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning and niche differentiation among the Jehol dromaeosaurids. Vert. PalAs 55, 129 - 144 (2017)." type="journal article" year="2017">25</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. In some avialans
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X." box="[921,936,1146,1160]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="104597" refId="ref6444" refString="26. Zheng, X. et al. Structure and possible ventilatory function of unusual, expanded sternal ribs in the Early Cretaceous bird Jeholornis. Cretac. Res. 116, 104597 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[921,936,1146,1160]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">26</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the caudalmost sternal rib is the most robust and shows an expanded distal end similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[916,1007,1176,1197]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[916,1007,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Daurlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As in other paravians, the gastralia contact the pubis shaf in a position more proximal than in other theropods, where instead such contact is usually placed on the pubic foot
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E. & Brisson Egli, F. & Agnolin, F. L. & Gianechini, F. A. & Cerda, I." box="[581,596,1226,1240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="127 - 167" refId="ref6482" refString="27. Rhodes, M. M. & Currie, P. J. Te homology, form, and function of the microraptorine lateral pubic tubercle. J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 40, e 1755866 (2020). 28. Novas, F. E., Brisson Egli, F., Agnolin, F. L., Gianechini, F. A. & Cerda, I. Postcranial osteology of a new specimen of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (Teropoda, Unenlagiidae). Cretac Res. 83, 127 - 167 (2018)." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[581,596,1226,1240]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">27</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1479,133,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The forelimb length is less than 60% of the hindlimb. Among dromaeosaurids, comparably short forelimbs are shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Novas, Pol, Canale, Porfiri & Calvo" authorityYear="2009" box="[533,655,1283,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Austroraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[533,655,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Austroraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E. & Pol, D. & Canale, J. I. & Porfiri, J. D. & Calvo, J. O." box="[655,670,1280,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref6093" refString="19. Novas, F. E., Pol, D., Canale, J. I., Porfiri, J. D. & Calvo, J. O. A bizarre Cretaceous theropod dinosaur from Patagonia and the evolution of Gondwanan dromaeosaurids. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 276, 1101 - 1007 (2009)." type="journal volume" year="2009">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[655,670,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">19</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,halszkaraptorines
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A." box="[851,858,1280,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref5615" refString="9. Cau, A. et al. Synchrotron scanning reveals amphibious ecomorphology in a new clade of bird-like dinosaurs. Nature 552, 395 - 399 (2017)." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[851,858,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[869,995,1283,1304]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,995,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[995,1002,1279,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[995,1002,1279,1293]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1049,1185,1282,1303]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1185,1282,1303]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1185,1192,1280,1294]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1185,1192,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and differ from the relatively longer forelimbs in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Makovicky, Apesteguía & Agnolín" authorityYear="2005" box="[609,727,1310,1331]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Buitreraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[609,727,1310,1331]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Buitreraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E. & Brisson Egli, F. & Agnolin, F. L. & Gianechini, F. A. & Cerda, I." box="[727,742,1306,1320]" journalOrPublisher="Cretac Res." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="127 - 167" part="83" refId="ref6482" refString="28. Novas, F. E., Brisson Egli, F., Agnolin, F. L., Gianechini, F. A. & Cerda, I. Postcranial osteology of a new specimen of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (Teropoda, Unenlagiidae). Cretac Res. 83, 127 - 167 (2018)." title="Postcranial osteology of a new specimen of Buitreraptor gonzalezorum (Teropoda, Unenlagiidae)" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[727,742,1306,1320]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,microraptorines
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[913,931,1306,1320]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[913,920,1306,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[924,931,1306,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, and some eudromaeosaurs
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ostrom, J. H." box="[1205,1220,1306,1320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref6161" refString="20. Ostrom, J. H. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 30, 1 - 165 (1969)." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1205,1220,1306,1320]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The deltopectoral crest is not prominently developed. The ulna is slightly bowed caudally and more robust than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1294,1422,1336,1357]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1422,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1422,1429,1333,1347]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1422,1429,1333,1347]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The radial shaf is about half the thickness of the ulna and nearly equal to the mid-shaf of the manual phalanx I-1: in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[442,579,1389,1410]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,579,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the radius is apomorphically more gracile
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[991,998,1386,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[991,998,1386,1400]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In the carpus, the stout scapholunare articulates distally with the semilunate carpal, which, in turn, overlaps the whole extent of the proximal end of metacarpal
|
||
<collectionCode box="[416,434,1443,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</collectionCode>
|
||
, differing from the more limited overlap in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[868,1006,1442,1463]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,1006,1442,1463]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[1007,1014,1440,1454]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1007,1014,1440,1454]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The combined metacarpal I + manual phalanx I-1 complex is longer than metacarpal
|
||
<collectionCode box="[787,805,1470,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</collectionCode>
|
||
, differing from microraptorines which have metacarpal
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1345,1361,1470,1491]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</collectionCode>
|
||
longer than metacarpal I + phalanx I-
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[667,685,1493,1507]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X." box="[658,674,1493,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref5828" refString="14. Xu, X. et al. A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Zootaxa 2403, 1 - 9 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">14</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[678,685,1493,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. Manual digit
|
||
<collectionCode box="[824,840,1496,1517]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</collectionCode>
|
||
is the longest and bears the largest claw. As in microraptorines and eudromaeosaurs
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[577,615,1519,1534]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pei, R. & Li, Q. & Meng, Q. & Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A." box="[577,584,1520,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref5346" refString="4. Pei, R., Li, Q., Meng, Q., Gao, K. Q. & Norell, M. A. A new specimen of Microraptor (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3821, 1 - 28 (2014)." type="journal article" year="2014">4</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[589,596,1519,1533]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">5</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ostrom, J. H." box="[600,615,1520,1534]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 165" refId="ref6161" refString="20. Ostrom, J. H. Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the lower Cretaceous of Montana. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 30, 1 - 165 (1969)." type="journal article" year="1969">20</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
manual phalanx III-2 is shortened, being about half the length of phalanx III-1. All the three recurved manual claws bear prominent flexor tubercles and horny sheaths. The ilium is 64% of the femoral length. The preacetabular process is longer than the postacetabular process of the ilium, a feature shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cau, Beyrand, Voeten, Fernandez, Tafforeau, Stein, Barsbold, Tsogtbaatar, Currie & Godefroit" authorityYear="2017" box="[416,549,1602,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Halszkaraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,549,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Halszkaraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[559,684,1603,1624]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,684,1603,1624]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Novas & Puerta" authorityYear="1997" box="[730,826,1602,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Unenlagia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,826,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Unenlagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
among dromaeosaurids
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1056,1093,1599,1614]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zheng, X. & Xu, X. & You, H. & Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z." box="[1056,1063,1599,1613]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="211 - 217" refId="ref5467" refString="6. Zheng, X., Xu, X., You, H., Zhao, Q. & Dong, Z. A short-armed dromaeosaurid from the Jehol group of China with implications for early dromaeosaurid evolution. Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 277, 211 - 217 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">6</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cau, A." box="[1067,1074,1600,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="395 - 399" refId="ref5615" refString="9. Cau, A. et al. Synchrotron scanning reveals amphibious ecomorphology in a new clade of bird-like dinosaurs. Nature 552, 395 - 399 (2017)." type="journal article" year="2017">9</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas, F. E. & Agnolin, F. L. & Motta, M. J. & Brisson, E. F." box="[1078,1093,1600,1614]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="2741 - 2788" refId="ref6585" refString="29. Novas, F. E., Agnolin, F. L., Motta, M. J. & Brisson, E. F. Osteology of Unenlagia comahuensis (Teropoda, Paraves, Unenlagiidae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Anat. Rec. 304, 2741 - 2788 (2021)." type="journal article" year="2021">29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
, and comparable to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forster, Sampson, Chiappe & Krause" authorityYear="1998" box="[1286,1384,1602,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Rahonavis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1384,1602,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Rahonavis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most avialans
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Forster, C. A. & O'Connor, P. M. & Chiappe, L. M. & Turner, A. H." box="[492,507,1626,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="31" refId="ref6645" refString="30. Forster, C. A., O'Connor, P. M., Chiappe, L. M. & Turner, A. H. Te osteology of the Late Cretaceous paravian Rahonavis ostromi from Madagascar. Palaeontol. Electron 23. (2), a 31 (2020)." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[492,507,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. As in other dromaeosaurids
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[780,787,1626,1640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[780,787,1626,1640]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the postacetabular process is gradually declined caudoventrally but does not extend below the level of the ischial peduncle. The pubic shaf is straight and caudoventrally oriented. The pubic foot is broadly rounded and dorsoventrally expanded, as in other Jehol Biota dromaeosaurids
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C." box="[1344,1351,1680,1694]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="262 - 266" refId="ref5270" refString="2. Xu, X., Wang, X. L. & Wu, X. C. A dromaeosaur dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 401, 262 - 266 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1344,1351,1680,1694]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The ischium is about half the pubis in length, lacks dorsal processes along the straight dorsal margin and ends distally in a poorly curved tip. The obturator process is triangular, as long as deep, and placed at mid-lenght of the ventral margin, differing from the prominent and more distally-placed process in microraptorines
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hwang, S. H. & Norell, M. A. & Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q." box="[1286,1293,1759,1773]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref5411" refString="5. Hwang, S. H., Norell, M. A., Ji, Q. & Gao, K. Q. New specimens of Microraptor zhaoianus (Teropoda: Dromaeosauridae) from northeastern China. Am. Mus. Novit. 3381, 1 - 44 (2002)." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
<superScript attach="right" box="[1286,1293,1759,1773]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[416,1479,133,1944]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
The femur is 91% of the tibia in length (in both
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[915,1041,1790,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Tianyuraptor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1041,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tianyuraptor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" box="[1089,1225,1789,1810]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1089,1225,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the femur is <77% of the tibia). In theropods, the femur-to-tibia ratio is allometrically controlled
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Holtz, T. R." box="[1117,1132,1813,1827]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="480 - 519" refId="ref6701" refString="31. Holtz, T. R. Te arctometatarsalian pes, an unusual structure of the metatarsus of Cretaceous Teropoda (Dinosauria: Saurischia). J. Vertebr. Paleontol. 14 (4), 480 - 519 (1994)." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1117,1132,1813,1827]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">31</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and results higher in large-bodied dromaeosaurids than in small-bodied taxa
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perle, A. & Norell, M. A. & Clark, J. M." box="[824,839,1840,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref6746" refString="32. Perle, A., Norell, M. A., & Clark, J. M. A new maniraptoran theropod - Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae) - from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia. Contributions of the Department of Geology, National University of Mongolia 101, 1 - 105 (1999)." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[824,839,1840,1854]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">32</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The feet are incomplete, with the medialmost elements (i.e., toes I and
|
||
<collectionCode box="[457,475,1870,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</collectionCode>
|
||
) badly preserved and overlapped by other foot bones. Metatarsal III and IV are nearly equal in length and about 61% of the femoral length. The preserved four pedal claws are comparable in size, are strongly recurved and bear low but prominent flexor tubercles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7362712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362712/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[416,481,1107,1129]" targetBox="[194,1477,137,1075]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1465,1107,1183]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[416,504,1107,1129]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wang & Cau & Guo & Ma & Qing & Liu" authorityYear="2022" box="[634,784,1107,1129]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Daurlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wangi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[634,784,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Daurlong wangi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Time-calibrated Maximum Clade Credibility Tree reconstructed by the tip-dating Bayesian inference analysis. Values at branches indicate posterior probability. Scale bar = 100 mm. Skeletal drawing credit: Marco Auditore (CC-BY 4.0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1479,1235,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The plumage is preserved along the dorsal margin of the postorbital part of the skull, adjacent to the presacral neural spines (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[556,625,1262,1284]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
|
||
) and along the edges of the tail. No feathers are preserved close to the limbs or along the ventral margin of the body: it is unclear if long pennaceous remiges and rectrices were present as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lü & Brusatte" authorityYear="2015" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Zhenyuanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Zhenyuanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L." box="[480,487,1313,1327]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 11" refId="ref5529" refString="7. Lu, J. & Brusatte, S. L. A large, short-armed, winged dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Teropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China and its implications for feather evolution. Sci. Rep. 5, 1 - 11 (2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[480,487,1313,1327]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">7</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The plumage along the dorsal margin of the pre-caudal part of the skeleton is preserved as a series of compound structures containing several filaments joined at their proximal ends, similar to the condition in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[416,579,1369,1390]" class="Reptilia" family="Dromaeosauridae" genus="Sinornithosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[416,579,1369,1390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Sinornithosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu, X. & Zhou, Z. H. & Prum, R. O." box="[579,594,1366,1380]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="200 - 204" refId="ref6807" refString="33. Xu, X., Zhou, Z. H. & Prum, R. O. Branched integumental structures in Sinornithosaurus and the origin of feathers. Nature 410, 200 - 204 (2001)." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[579,594,1366,1380]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">33</superScript>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Short pennaceous feathers are preserved along most of the margin of the caudotheca. The tail feathers appear symmetrical, oriented backward and forming a low angle (~ 15–20°) with the proximodistal axis of the adjacent tail vertebrae. Scanning electron microscopy (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1039,1089,1422,1444]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
) of sampled portions of the tegumentary remains failed to identify melanosomes
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[790,829,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang, F." box="[790,805,1446,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1075 - 1078" refId="ref6848" refString="34. Zhang, F. et al. Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds. Nature 463, 1075 - 1078 (2010)." type="journal article" year="2010">34</bibRefCitation>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li, Q." box="[814,829,1446,1460]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="1215 - 1219" refId="ref6905" refString="36. Li, Q. et al. Reconstruction of Microraptor and the evolution of iridescent plumage. Science 335, 1215 - 1219 (2012)." type="journal article" year="2012">36</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</superScript>
|
||
. The caudal half of the abdominal cavity of the theropod is occupied by a black-bluish layer which is bound by the gastral basket (ventrally) and the pubis (caudally) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1337,1401,1475,1497]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1411,1423,1476,1497]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[416,481,1379,1401]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetId="figure-281@2.[416,1475,135,1348]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Selected elements of Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), neck and pectoral region. (b), thoraco-sacral series. (c), ventral part of the belly region. (d), tail. Abbreviations: ca, caudotheca; cc, caudal centrum; co, coracoid; cv, cervical vertebrae; dr, dorsal rib; dv, dorsal vertebrae; f, feathers; fe, femur; ga, gastralia; I-/II-/III-, phalanges; il, ilium; is, ischium; mc, metacarpal; pu, pubis; sc, scapula; st, sternum, sr1, sternal rib1, sv, sacral vertebrae. Scale bars in (a-c)=20 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362708/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</figureCitation>
|
||
, Supplementary Information). The rostral margin of the layer is placed ventral to the 9th dorsal centrum, where it extends dorsoventrally along the dorsal half of the abdominal cavity. The black-bluish layer reaches its maximum depth between the 10th and the 11th dorsal vertebrae, where it reaches the ventralmost part of the gastral basket. Caudal to the 11th dorsal vertebra, the layer is limited to the dorsal end of the abdominal cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[416,1479,1235,1657]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The imprint of the partial skeleton of an anuran is preserved in the same slab of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1203,1330,1609,1630]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IMMNH-PV</collectionCode>
|
||
00731, adjacent to the theropod metatarsi (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[674,729,1635,1657]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[415,480,1082,1104]" captionTargetBox="[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetId="figure-546@1.[416,1475,135,1051]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Daurlong wangi holotype. (a), whole specimen. (b), skull. (c), detail of orbit region. (d), feather remains associated to the thoracic vertebrae. (e), anuran skeleton. Scale bars: 20 mm (b), 10 mm (c)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7362706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7362706/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |