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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="72873" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1c990716-5d86-4b04-9922-dc6ccd734f3d" ID-PMC="PMC9881532" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ID-PubMed="36762372" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. &amp; Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="B7BEA4F83FE9D795C51AEC7FF5636F98" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum rabenii Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10 (6): 145. 1846." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732927586791" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3C34F09157A42A915E9EC49AD35F853D">Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D4D93549CA914383DFBCDD5105E271DC">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E591940395D1B0A5C304D47893AC8549" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5B33374CC1C087C9BDDE3BD76B19C49C">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="561B9B53F9A7C36DADDCB55ED43E2F94">Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D38FE44F564AF39634847E65435805B8">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2125C72865314B002C6418D7C42B8486" type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="83B44D831C38E4BAEF933FDC8532E3C8">Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="66AE60D35A12950D2D7528CCC0E7EA56">Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="967B1070CC6CB24EA68A562492AFF13B">Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="86A7C416AE99DC1E8F5F605C719CA9F2">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5C3DCC84C57C43AC41C1E540BE100825">Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="90709277D701FDA9A283F9A6EB5A9D9A">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="A9B08785DB00C1AD453CF0A93820EE63">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E60FE3DF6D68F2738766E9157F172D54">2022-06-14</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B7BEA4F83FE9D795C51AEC7FF5636F98" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913311" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7BEA4F83FE9D795C51AEC7FF5636F98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B7BEA4F83FE9D795C51AEC7FF5636F98" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="E897C8B55D3BDFAA178807BBA0984373" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E68E9DC72345C79790D7561F16A1B994" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
37.
<taxonomicName id="DA418C075236BA11FBD88A18C549D89F" ID-CoL="99M3Y" authority="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10 (6): 145. 1846." authorityName="Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10 (6): 145. 1846." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">Capsicum rabenii Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 145. 1846.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2893237FB49EF69EA044C6B5EA05C1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="EDFE3F66635D442D26C91FAD931C2539" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="27ECD15BB8A0E0BDF3B417C4B68FC24F" captionStart="Figure 106" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 106. Capsicum rabenii A plant B leaf, abaxial surface showing pubescence on the veins C reproductive nodes D bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, lateral view F rotate corolla G stellate corolla H flower showing the exserted style I immature fruits J globose mature fruits K ellipsoid mature fruit and fruiting calyx A-I, K from Barboza &amp; Deanna 5003 J from Barboza et al. 1646. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 106</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E86F40EA6A9E04E78B388FC0787052F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="293A5973C8AC0A1A262C2B51233E039F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="1E0B213D23E31F59C2972CEE18470750" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum microcarpum subsp. var. var. tomentosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="microcarpum" subSpecies="var." variety="tomentosum">Capsicum microcarpum Cav. var. tomentosum</taxonomicName>
Chodat &amp; Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier 2,4: 80. 1903. Type. Paraguay.
<normalizedToken id="82F4F5B7C0C024348977F44EEA72F98D" originalValue="Paraguarí">Paraguari</normalizedToken>
: In regione collium, Cerros de Paraguay, Dec 1900,
<emphasis id="B42C1DF5778024C73264F6693EBCADB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="09BE7E22F9C0188FB6F0119E7C94135D" originalValue="É">E</normalizedToken>
. Hassler 6498
</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="702AE31ABCD58DA6CC39DC350AF238B3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 27, second step designated here: G [G00390271]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000087632, acc. # 5447784; BM000087632a, acc. # 4575838], CORD [CORD00006947 fragment from G], G [G00390272, G00390273], K [K000585894], P [P00410166], MO [MO-2530203, acc. # 1575002], MPU [MPU023043], S [S16-28128], UC [UC944377]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0ACBEFAC9A410D47C1DF48B5B0895CA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DE008EBFB4763A392E5F5ECD5C8893D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">Capsicum praetermissum</taxonomicName>
Heiser &amp; P.G.Sm., Brittonia 10(4): 198. 1958. Type. Brazil. Minas Gerais:
<normalizedToken id="46DA21C30ECA3AF9DAF206F30F078802" originalValue="Viçosa">Vicosa</normalizedToken>
, road to
<normalizedToken id="E9B410F6665AD524BA3A6551D92917D8" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Miguel, near km 4, 700 m elev., 3 Jan 1930,
<emphasis id="50BFDF6C32B6585FB6F8D3F1904C5BD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Y. Mexia 4205</emphasis>
(holotype: F [F-0093991F]; isotypes: BM [BM000992134], CAS [CAS0002376], CORD [CORD00086136], GH [GH00077006], K [K001073038], NY [00138603], MICH [1109872], MO [MO-503526, acc. # 1164250], U [U.1736360], UC [UC509516], S [S-04-2815], US [US00027398], Z [Z000028484]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E31F04D7950793C3CC53CBEC725C0BC9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="0198B3333D88F449A27304DAE6CD8748" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum baccatum subsp. var. var. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="praetermissum">Capsicum baccatum L. var. praetermissum</taxonomicName>
(Heiser &amp; P.G.Sm.) Hunz., Kurtziana 6: 242. 1971. Type. Based on
<taxonomicName id="E0A1A3A6E011E4344E684452C9FCAEEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">Capsicum praetermissum</taxonomicName>
Heiser &amp; P.G.Smith
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="218E1AC8EA4E67D082556172D72BF6E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="E7DE56D43A7F08C9046568211B9A1F0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="FE3A4F025A4A69E15C67C5C03F31E4FE">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="01BD2D58C73959EF28E26F6C73D474F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="7520B811322A06116751548248218D11" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Brazil" location="In prov." specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="7CB13909E71432C4050B4E6F8F872DD4" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A05C4150E1A20849CB83CB217D26B3DF" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
: &quot;
<location id="F3CB2C7756E809293DA9641CBF51C90F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B7BEA4F83FE9D795C51AEC7FF5636F98:F3CB2C7756E809293DA9641CBF51C90F" country="Brazil" name="In prov." stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">In prov.</location>
Sebastianopolitana: Com. de [F. C.] Raben (n. 301)&quot; (
<typeStatus id="6303F153932A5F78217F86E997A7DBA7">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated here: BR [BR 0000005529261].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="11766239915004E381FE9564D8555BC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="DDD97CC9384F44DAE4D4868988D8034D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FE9F5BB63B8D4C40F7E9DCA7A937AFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect shrubs or scandent subshrubs (0.50-) 0.70-2.5 (-3) m tall, with the main stem 2-2.5 cm in diameter at base, rarely perennial herbs, much branched from near the base and above. Young stems angled, somewhat rigid, green, pubescent with appressed-antrorse or spreading, simple, uniseriate, 4-8-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.3-1.5 mm long, the new growth with a dense whitish pubescence; nodes green or purple; bark of older stems striate, dark brown, glabrescent; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair subequal in size and similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves membranous, slightly discolorous, green above, light green and with the primary veins raised beneath, glabrescent to moderately pubescent, with appressed-antrorse trichomes like those on stems on adaxial surface and margins, sparsely pubescent on the lamina, but with tufts of eglandular trichomes in the vein axils and with long spreading trichomes along the veins giving a woolly appearance abaxially; blades of major leaves 5.3-10 cm long, 2.4-6.5 cm wide, ovate, the major veins 4-6 (-7) on each side of mid-vein, the base asymmetric and attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acuminate or long-acuminate; petioles (1.5-) 2.5-3.5 cm long, winged distally for the decurrent base of the lamina, moderately to densely pubescent; blades of minor leaves 3-4 cm long, 1.4-2 cm wide, ovate or elliptic, the major veins 2-3 on each side of mid-vein, the base rounded or truncate, the margins entire, the apex acute or acuminate; petioles 0.8-1.2 cm long, moderately to densely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 2-4 flowers per axil; flowering pedicels (8-) 12-18 (-25) mm long, angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, moderately to densely pubescent, the eglandular trichomes spreading or antrorse; pedicels scars inconspicuous. Buds globose, whitish-green or with green spots at the base. Flowers 5-merous, rarely 4-merous. Calyx 1.5-2 mm long, ca. 2-2.5 mm wide, cup-shaped, thick, green, pubescent with the same trichomes as pedicels, the calyx appendages 5, 0.8-1.1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, subequal, thick, erect, cylindrical, inserted close to the margin, moderately pubescent with the same trichomes as calyx tube. Corolla 6-7 mm long, (9-) 12-15 mm in diameter, thick, white or lilac and greenish-yellow outside, mostly purple or lilac with greenish-yellow or green spots and cream centre within, rotate to stellate with interpetalar membrane, lobed less than 1/3 to nearly halfway to the base, pubescent adaxially with short glandular trichomes (stalk 1-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular), glabrous abaxially, the tube 4-4.5 mm long, the lobes 2-2.5 mm long, 2.2-4 mm wide, broadly triangular, spreading, the margins with very short eglandular trichomes, the tips acute, papillate. Stamens five, rarely four, equal; filaments (0.8-) 1.2-1.5 (-2) mm long, purple or lilac, inserted on the corolla 0.8 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.2-1.5 (-1.8) mm long, ellipsoid, white, cream or yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.3-1.5 mm long, 1.4-1.5 mm in diameter, green, ovoid; carpels two, ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.3 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 2.6-2.8 mm long, exserted 0.8-1.2 mm beyond the anthers, yellowish-white, cylindrical; stigma 0.5 mm long, 0.7-0.75 mm wide, discoid, pale green. Berry globose or subglobose, 5-7.5 mm in diameter or ellipsoid, 7-11 mm long, (4-) 6-8 mm in diameter, green when immature, orange-coloured or bright red at maturity, deciduous, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels (14-) 20-28 mm long, erect, strongly angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, cup-shaped or discoid, green, the appendages 1-2 mm long, ca. 0.3-0.4 mm wide, erect or spreading. Seeds (5-) 7-15 per fruit, 3-4.2 mm long, 2.5-2.8 mm wide, C-shaped or subglobose, pale yellow or yellow, the seed coat smooth (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls sinuate in seed body, straight at margins; embryo imbricate.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6F76DFD5BE6CB6D1C53A3146A23003F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1929FD50F444859EB8ABEABC4037D4DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDBEC01F59260595C5A61B24C1CBABC5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="275289E6902C61237E9C186E3ABDCACC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="575C878FC0173B2D0D0BD0E05AF1BD78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is native to eastern and central Brazil, occupying a large range in Brazil from Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul States and into central Paraguay (Fig.
<figureCitation id="549AA5B372D58CB4F4EE6AEE3D5AC68E" captionStart="Figure 105" captionStartId="F105" captionText="Figure 105. Distribution of C. pubescens and C. rabenii." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure105" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695520" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">105</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C82609F614259518BCEF8A33AA4F0005" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="851FC538DCA8219FC13D3055D69CAC07" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E02C1E93044E033206B2BFB6BE38BBAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="A1601466136279F127FC938FF0A8A903" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="790AD76F54CD07B3367178480880A9B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a wide variety of vegetation types, from the Atlantic Forest (Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest, Ombrophilous Forest) to xerophytic forests in the Cerrado and Caatinga; it can be found in disturbed gallery forest, calcareous outcrops vegetation, creek and river margins and as ruderal around anthropogenic and cultivated areas, between (35-) 100 and 1,300 m elevation. It is also frequent as an escape from cultivation or in cultivation around houses and growing commercially in small farms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A94FAE9F184C91314A179DE35F84B4E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="488274815B593947DA8707309A1DA36A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="04E6D7E5A010A21C0E03AE83F363D0FB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from November to May. Fruiting from December to May and June extending to September when in cultivation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FCB6740765427885D50C69172F7A85DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="9A83256519D716E23881601E7567B0E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="739DAE6E1DF3DF492A6F0C94D645077D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="FFFBCC57A98F95052D9C10B3A6BCBF65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 12 (Heiser and Smith 1958, as
<taxonomicName id="2474BCDD5DF71A2D96403A9FDD6FDA2E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="A4573F3660DF78E6DE0E33786D8C1BDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="DA4B42838A6ADACC2EEA2B612539969F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="275 - 287" refId="B381" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, 2006. A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae). Cytologia 71 (3): 275 - 287, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" title="A meiotic study of the wild and semi-domesticated Brazilian species of genus Capsicum L. (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1508/cytologia.71.275" volume="71" year="2006">Pozzobon and Schifino-Wittmann 2006</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="38D9DCCC3C03E42874B00919D8921341" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="praetermissum">C. baccatum var. praetermissum</taxonomicName>
); 2
<emphasis id="89AB5A4B684E5B6C516E228F6F66DDE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 2x = 24 (
<bibRefCitation id="E0E5655A729D3C58BA317F4EA2BDCC9F" author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">Pickersgill 1977</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="97D0DBAE7CF5AE19C13B7D1F2BF93849" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="8223AE70B85F24E224631714D1021380" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="50FCA4DD3B45D8A009C0B49F8B7458B2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" author="Pozzobon, MT" journalOrPublisher="Cytologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B382" refString="Pozzobon, MT, Schifino-Wittmann, MT, Bianchetti, L, 2006. Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" title="Chromosome numbers in wild and semidomesticated Brazilian Capsicum L. (Solanaceae) species: do x = 12 and x = 13 represent two evolutionary lines? Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151: 259 - 269." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00503.x" year="2006">Pozzobon et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="FE75F6C5A3A638CB9FBAD7D7F957082E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="F3A67797D40B838D8EAD646BB1DDF499" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 113" refId="B429" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Romero da Cruz, MV, Cecchini, NM, Moscone, EA, 2016. FISH and AgNor-mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated Capsicum species (Solanaceae). Genome 59: 95 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" title="FISH and AgNor-mapping of the 45 S and 5 S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated Capsicum species (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" volume="59" year="2016">Scaldaferro et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
, counts as
<taxonomicName id="3C185A0E53AB36F741CCF3141E378656" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="praetermissum">C. baccatum var. praetermissum</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7797EDADB0A6AD6133E68050001D3907" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph id="E69829E925724E735C69B5916329E40B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D62A75E8DFBCB66A2033B5C9A0812A4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="F793F9DDE612585014809641CC635C5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brazil</emphasis>
: Comarim (Minas Gerais,
<emphasis id="FC8811C7D77DA9830F62684339CE2F8A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krieger 5212</emphasis>
), Pimenta (Mina Gerais,
<emphasis id="D3C98AE141766389AFC799574A0B2645" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexia 4205</emphasis>
;
<normalizedToken id="04834B07B86370673C41D1DD34276ACE" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo,
<emphasis id="16FE947897806C330A629B569800EB3B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Briske s.n</emphasis>
.), Pimentinha (Santa Catarina,
<emphasis id="1542C322A57FC948E475F0669EFCD660" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reitz 4749</emphasis>
), Pimenta brava (Minas Gerais,
<emphasis id="1B2CB178AD14AB4F2EEC673787E49DB6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anonymous s.n</emphasis>
.), Pimenta comary (
<normalizedToken id="CFDDD5F14357D035C1FFC19651F79ECC" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo,
<emphasis id="36393DD25D83C922A551CC0C7AE60596" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Handro 860</emphasis>
), Pimenta camari (
<normalizedToken id="C05DA83BF12CEEDAEEB8CE77F4EC692D" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo,
<emphasis id="B6E920B67CEEFC5D8D829363AF1F3EB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coelho s.n.</emphasis>
), Pimenta
<normalizedToken id="464A2FE3CC899599CF821EDE294CD309" originalValue="cumarí">cumari</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken id="6DAD288D6B2A4F33CB50ADB8218DFA2B" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis id="21F09BE568F74CEA96370B5A74E88230" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vieira 700</emphasis>
; Minas Gerais,
<emphasis id="164B4E3D8C04601CBBBC7109A29C6651" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Krieger 5212</emphasis>
;
<normalizedToken id="782A1BB41DBD3007CFDDDF97378BC2F0" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo,
<emphasis id="EB21CCDF83C38E30EB71DF861F1E58E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hoehne &amp; Gehrt s.n.</emphasis>
), Pimenta cumarina (Minas Gerais,
<emphasis id="6DBA7E56FCA0B72CD7EC6E40C073A65D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tavares et al. 17</emphasis>
), Pimenta-cumari-verdadeira (Santa Catarina,
<emphasis id="34FA589B354F4E5A10E1FCE2582276D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schwirkowski 885</emphasis>
), Pimenta Jorobinha (Rio de Janeiro,
<emphasis id="751C8F3EB4A5F9E8FB141AFD92493529" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glaziou 8841</emphasis>
), Pimenta Passarinho (Southeast Brazil,
<bibRefCitation id="1BB1F31BFB47926BB60732113F83E54B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" author="Ferreira Pinto, CMF" editor="do Rego, ER" journalOrPublisher="). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B151" refString="Ferreira Pinto, CMF, dos Santos, IC, de Araujo, FF, da Silva, TP, 2016. Pepper importance and growth (Capsicum spp.). In: do Rego, ER, do Rego, MM, Finger, FL, Eds., Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp.). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland: 1 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" title="Pepper importance and growth (Capsicum spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" volumeTitle="Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp." year="2016">Ferreira Pinto et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
), Pimenta de combari (Minas Gerais,
<emphasis id="410FC14FE20C444E563098CBBD1B0AA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lindberg 177</emphasis>
), Pimenta do mato (Rio Grande do Sul,
<emphasis id="A9AFE35EE50913631BD17E847229E077" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Costa Sacco 1332</emphasis>
;
<normalizedToken id="77E055CB8BFFB0AB6D4960DCEB3D4199" originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
Santo,
<emphasis id="273E2EBDD293072177D7AE4FC383D0F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sucre &amp; Soderstrom 8987</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2648063534D2D450C147013D73B84A17" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph id="9AC8DBCA539AEF20772BF7871F6F4940" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB0D7620DB9B8EF6CC0358D269E138E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In Brazil, fresh fruits are very appreciated in markets (
<bibRefCitation id="2DB588870F3D53660123EBCD784D062D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" author="Ferreira Pinto, CMF" editor="do Rego, ER" journalOrPublisher="). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 26" refId="B151" refString="Ferreira Pinto, CMF, dos Santos, IC, de Araujo, FF, da Silva, TP, 2016. Pepper importance and growth (Capsicum spp.). In: do Rego, ER, do Rego, MM, Finger, FL, Eds., Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp.). Springer International Publishing, Switzerland: 1 - 26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" title="Pepper importance and growth (Capsicum spp.)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06532-8_1" volumeTitle="Production and Breeding of Chilli Peppers (Capsicum spp." year="2016">Ferreira Pinto et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
), used as a condiment and consumed as pickles and in hot sauces.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="ACAE212DE4A3E825C98B4DB68EA1A60E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph id="2487AD159BA23BF18524B2AAFAA99C72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E475D5DC25BD9CAEA66ADFC4FE84795E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (2,746,764 km2); AOO (404 km2).
<taxonomicName id="474F9007C93E17FBF8351012C7CA7581" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="48DE4969316E5146FDEE005F1641AB03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well-adapted to different environments including highly disturbed anthropogenic areas and is easily cultivated in farms, which suggest that it is not under threat. This species is proposed as Least Concern (LC).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B71BF9F49D38D05959E2A9FD1B83C2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="5D73FC7B9F36ACB0C5833EA4E1CF296E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="353A13BEDD99680983D491040E139418" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B2734C466C89A85B2DA1916A35F592D9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="564D3191F290AC55DE975D42C1940CC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of the Baccatum clade (
<bibRefCitation id="640B9174F58CC65B91420185B0512BA0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo
<normalizedToken id="CD00889E96629B87E3CB9641C2D721B3" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
, as
<taxonomicName id="B8189CC5F991F72F258288534BC463E4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="A23875D3F7A85F3CBC0BCB710A52337E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The species has a wide distribution in Brazil where it is mostly known as 'pimenta
<normalizedToken id="C04FE4D8D935551D9BE9DB1134B84928" originalValue="comari’">comari'</normalizedToken>
or
<normalizedToken id="4E08615C3023C07B9B20CD6D853C352F" originalValue="“Cumari”">&quot;Cumari&quot;</normalizedToken>
(as are also
<taxonomicName id="758818D5F58307C389B4272908070205" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis id="68551B7DE6C815916F2E97CC1463B5CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="53CBC358F482E3CD2642FC4BB5A3F114" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoense">
<emphasis id="62A149B7B3906E022A32478A3727C58F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="7EE41BFA1944B045388ADD0BA5CA8F75" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. flexuosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosum">
<emphasis id="2B282F9B433E69B456B558476F2F3C7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. flexuosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in allusion to its pungent red fruits. It grows spontaneously in many areas but can also be found semi-domesticated and under cultivation in small gardens or in larger scale in farms for commercial use (
<bibRefCitation id="692DB563612E910C8B5DBFB92BC8D535" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315131825-40" author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Ucko, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Duckworth, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="443 - 450" refId="B366" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1969a. The domestication of chili peppers. In: Ucko, PJ, Dimbleby, GW, Eds., The domestication and explotation of plants and animals. Duckworth, London: 443 - 450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315131825-40" title="The domestication of chili peppers." url="https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315131825-40" volumeTitle="The domestication and explotation of plants and animals." year="1969 a">Pickersgill 1969a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0C0EE14CEC4AA3FC30E6E4645C3CE80A" author="Eshbaugh, WH" editor="Janick, J" journalOrPublisher="John Wiley and Sons, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="132 - 139" refId="B145" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, 1993. Peppers: History and exploitation of a Serendipitous new crop discovery. In: Janick, J, Simon, JE, Eds., New Crops. John Wiley and Sons, New York: 132 - 139" title="Peppers: History and exploitation of a Serendipitous new crop discovery." volumeTitle="New Crops." year="1993">Eshbaugh 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="69DCBC5355C1EDD05BC2786EC3AE38E0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620160408" author="Ferraz, RM" journalOrPublisher="Horticultura Brasileira" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="498 - 506" refId="B150" refString="Ferraz, RM, Ragassi, CF, Heinrich, AG, Lima, MF, PeixotoJ, , Reifschneider, FJB, 2016. Caracterizacao morfoagronomica preliminar de acessos de pimentas cumari. Horticultura Brasileira 34: 498 - 506, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620160408" title="Caracterizacao morfoagronomica preliminar de acessos de pimentas cumari." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620160408" volume="34" year="2016">Ferraz et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In Paraguay, this species is less common and the fruits appear to be not so appreciated and consumed as in Brazil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2ED30E48E34D60E39AB3F7C3DBB9BC1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Flowering and fruiting specimens of
<taxonomicName id="D4F7846E8AAD6F9EC7822FCDA0B2584F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="A71C33D3466BA570877968468525F708" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to
<taxonomicName id="AD8CCCB3AE335C0C03965E95CF881AE8" authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
on herbarium specimens, it sometimes being impossible to distinguish one from another if there are no annotations of corolla colour or if specimens are only in fruit. Both species have long petiolate leaves, rotate or rotate-stellate corollas, orange to red globose or elliptic upright fruits and pale yellow seeds.
<taxonomicName id="311C265E9E312773BD64DEAABAB979BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="FD5A22B2588EC1A04776B8F719E606B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished, however, not only for its purple-margined corollas (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A17B1C37C440F0AE29F94F6EA4AB9214" captionStart="Figure 106" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 106. Capsicum rabenii A plant B leaf, abaxial surface showing pubescence on the veins C reproductive nodes D bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, lateral view F rotate corolla G stellate corolla H flower showing the exserted style I immature fruits J globose mature fruits K ellipsoid mature fruit and fruiting calyx A-I, K from Barboza &amp; Deanna 5003 J from Barboza et al. 1646. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">106E-H</figureCitation>
), but also for the dense woolly pubescence of the leaves abaxially with spreading trichomes along the main veins and a conspicuous tuft of trichomes in the vein axils (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E0A884B97FB2BB9069EBA1D9D1B90074" captionStart="Figure 106" captionStartId="F106" captionText="Figure 106. Capsicum rabenii A plant B leaf, abaxial surface showing pubescence on the veins C reproductive nodes D bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, lateral view F rotate corolla G stellate corolla H flower showing the exserted style I immature fruits J globose mature fruits K ellipsoid mature fruit and fruiting calyx A-I, K from Barboza &amp; Deanna 5003 J from Barboza et al. 1646. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">106B</figureCitation>
); these features distinguish
<taxonomicName id="F0712C0A01A1F73CB0E3AD4862DF5728" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="1822953506040A6C23FE6FBF932F1001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="925D84FC2F7B356DBA6E11B129B8B23E" authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
that lacks anthocyanin pigmentation in the corollas and has usually glabrescent leaves (
<bibRefCitation id="D93783E2551A283BB8F274AA0D2770C5" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="201 - 203" refId="B206" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1998. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum). Darwiniana 36: 201 - 203" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. XLVI. Los ajies silvestres de Argentina (Capsicum)." volume="36" year="1998">Hunziker 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="53065E18B31EEAAC9BA4409BC1096F38" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B33" refString="Barboza, GE, 2013. Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21-25." title="Capsicum. In: Barboza GE (Coord.) Solanaceae. Flora Argentina. Vol. 13. IBODA-IMBIV, CONICET, Buenos Aires, 21 - 25." year="2013">Barboza 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Only one individual of
<taxonomicName id="743EDFE87161E55594BE8EC3417BDDE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="615EAC8C9126F5670F1C4EE33794E39F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found with completely white corollas in
<normalizedToken id="A7A700A0686902F8838B284E7052FAF3" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo State (Brazil,
<emphasis id="0FF84B728C7F16F99F3851719F2AFD6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="710DB535640D67F5837F9CAE954C7FD7" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B197" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1956. Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect.4: 73-74." title="Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect. 4: 73 - 74." year="1956">Hunziker 1956</bibRefCitation>
4
</emphasis>
) growing in the same environmental conditions with other specimens with purple-margined corollas (
<emphasis id="D067900508AB0731AF91F4CF621DBECA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="08CEAA5CA75DA7D871403CD7BE3F8CCF" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B197" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1956. Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect.4: 73-74." title="Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect. 4: 73 - 74." year="1956">Hunziker 1956</bibRefCitation>
3
</emphasis>
); this lack of pigmentation may be due to a recessive gene. Similarly, some specimens from Goias State (Brazil) lack dense pubescence along the veins but the tuft of trichomes on the secondary vein axils and the typical corollas with the purple band at the margins are present in these populations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5A5024B4B1F1355733D078D1BA0974A" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure106" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695521" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 106" startId="F106">
<paragraph id="EDC48FA80C34B78AE13FE0BD48801A5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="30370F5894392371D43A84F8A1E69AAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 106.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="7E5D74C28F98A3709538EBCA2133DA0C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="B585117B010ADD86C8A884E482A5CAE8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="9066173899B26477911A3F8252D07F6F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant
<emphasis id="052EFD6FCBB421D50984A8A45F5FF309" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
leaf, abaxial surface showing pubescence on the veins
<emphasis id="D5B1D9DD8DE9530A1240D620EB31C690" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
reproductive nodes
<emphasis id="AFB43611A33A5304C23E17F3C24D4C4A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
bud on geniculate pedicel
<emphasis id="3F0ACAE9C6EC483C2F1B5196857E9762" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
flower, lateral view
<emphasis id="C4EAD66A784D3DFE97F33476D54A8E1E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
rotate corolla
<emphasis id="4821D0ED3D833184B4C1F3CF53414AE2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
stellate corolla
<emphasis id="5BE5A5EBB2BBDF6F09BF675D99A09EB0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
flower showing the exserted style
<emphasis id="B83328CD5A5D6C59EF3B2A569C5C79F0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
immature fruits
<emphasis id="84045A6F69F2D98AB7DFA499620AFABC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
globose mature fruits
<emphasis id="3EC73853BED8950B0071140CA651E1FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
ellipsoid mature fruit and fruiting calyx
<emphasis id="ABDB3AADBD0A5A9ABD679C93C2C93B0B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-I, K</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="00075ABD198209480BF01D1D2E7313A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza &amp; Deanna 5003</emphasis>
<emphasis id="D62C7729790107B6254B08A8FF373C5B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
from
<emphasis id="1DA2304D5B4D4F41147ACA431C0F2C0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 1646.</emphasis>
Photos by G.E. Barboza.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4A01E2A802243C98F7C14B6739CA4AAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="AAC8F32AB5B7319B9CF5DD93EB8BF0DE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="894E39E5E278D277A8720C3E4F8E1A74" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="A06E94D569358377AD7671AE72970FEF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoense">
<emphasis id="BBA79170FDC9454D4094E4D3F4AA0B04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which is sympatric in Paraguay, in its rotate, coloured corollas and the characteristic pubescence of the leaves beneath, while
<taxonomicName id="9D5CAA57638D22E81D5AB9C5D1610368" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. chacoense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chacoense">
<emphasis id="1EC6A23B1D34A12E0D9B6B93D55C5EA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. chacoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has stellate, entirely white corollas and a variable pubescence, but is never woolly (Fig.
<figureCitation id="AAAC678987760876E01EDAA24A397A96" captionStart="Figure 46" captionStartId="F46" captionText="Figure 46. Capsicum chacoense A plant B flower bud C flower, in pre-anthesis D flower, in front view E immature fruit F mature fruit A-F from Barboza et al. 4910. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure46" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695461" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">46</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2CF5729616CBAE31663B172EB81A98B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
It is possible that
<taxonomicName id="4A3B249B27E44C52CF5805A5509D60DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="4846F75F89BE7F5F03CD9D5A60CD46ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybridises naturally with
<taxonomicName id="EEA21D3197FE72319A09CE29FD6B9DA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis id="5979FD2DB64B8654885489475F5808AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E53753653F8086BA23E7242BE77862FA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. frutescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">
<emphasis id="76A192F4515473C0DCA77BB0D5FBB5D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. frutescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Brazil as has already been shown through reciprocal crosses that produced some fruits with viable seeds (Heiser and Smith 1958), but intermediates amongst these species have not been observed in field. Our observations indicate that the three species are usually distinguishable using the corolla colour, the pubescence (see above) and calyx features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CDC762C0549C4354AEB450FC94072239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
When Heiser and Smith (1958) described
<taxonomicName id="DD5A01C75AE17BF6680F5C8981C5E83E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="06AD2E8892FF218A90D4671DC0BD2F95" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they stated that none of the species of &quot;Flora Brasiliensis&quot; (
<bibRefCitation id="635EE744F396BEEBCD970CB0F4B8694E" author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner 1846</bibRefCitation>
) matched with their new species; they did not realise that the description of
<taxonomicName id="656B79FFC74D5D22EFAD551F5ECD1D19" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="3D9C48FBDEA65CD96612D08666B48C7D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fitted very well with
<taxonomicName id="E20F671FB4794D99B5ABA56376B2886C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="8FB1777648DC1C7EF4328F8755C30EFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the pubescence of leaves and shape of the corolla, characters clearly observable in the type collections of both species.
<bibRefCitation id="C80F78B3815622623E02E0A3663223BD" author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">Hunziker (1971)</bibRefCitation>
proposed
<taxonomicName id="280E7CA771D67219250BD97F464C64CC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="170914EE397A5373DBCA4340D5A34D3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a variety of
<taxonomicName id="1EF3AF8E1F39DDFEEBE7B22D8582F97F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis id="36018223BD93EF639BB3C6E098E0FF36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and he recognised
<taxonomicName id="D8944A77F2F0C9CA38234D3181CE81F4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="800F5BB0C65DE91267080899F8C6B701" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonym of his new varietal name. Hunziker preferred to use the epithet
<taxonomicName id="F69E13D02B492D1FAFA8B99F0EF2D3B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum praetermissum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="D532AFB794CB2864B479D0FD6C80FDAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the valuable and unequivocal information that Heiser and Smith (1958) provided on this plant. According to the ICN (Art. 11.2,
<bibRefCitation id="88CD01770F3B57B561E4F9EEEAA7110B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" author="Turland, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Tauchnitz, Leipzig" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B480" refString="Turland, NJ, Wiersema, JH, Barrie, FR, Greuter, W, Hawksworth, DL, Herendeen, PS, Knapp, S, Kusber, W-H, Li, D-Z, Marhold, K, May, TW, McNeill, J, Monro, AM, Prado, J, Price, MJ, Smith, GF [Eds], 2018. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code)-Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Koenigstein. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) - Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Koenigstein." url="https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018" year="2018">Turland et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
), Hunziker could use the name
<taxonomicName id="25CDE4A195724F9F4C7356208E53B8B6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum praetermissum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="61022A4E2D805911EA58B8C67FD9B71B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because
<taxonomicName id="D864114B81ECE5975626D0F2A0D32E14" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="D4B6E619541349AAF2684083CF7A8ED8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was in a different rank and, consequently, the epithet
<taxonomicName id="9D2FDFE04E2826599DA090EE636884ED" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="576C3B01AA01E06CF9BA8E9186C778B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
passed into oblivion. Since then, many authors have spread both names
<taxonomicName id="97D7760D552CF3A8C491636BA1AA9E3B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="104A1BB1131D87D0C4394CE1DF986716" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05A95DE06154BFCE473146E5A48FB3C3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="praetermissum">C. baccatum var. praetermissum</taxonomicName>
in literature and on herbarium specimens. Enzymatic (
<bibRefCitation id="605DADA0B27F6AD1CBB36A55065B6F4F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" author="McLeod, MJ" journalOrPublisher="Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="562 - 574" refId="B286" refString="McLeod, MJ, Guttman, SI, Eshbaugh, WH, Rayle, RE, 1983b. An electrophoretic study of evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae). Evolution 37 (3): 562 - 574, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" title="An electrophoretic study of evolution in Capsicum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05573.x" volume="37" year="1983 b">McLeod et al. 1983b</bibRefCitation>
), cytogenetic (
<bibRefCitation id="F16645A9C5BBA7CADEE16423A00174CC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
) and molecular studies (
<bibRefCitation id="33B3C7962F60977918FB857B64B0BDB6" author="Kochieva, EZ" editor="Voorrips, RE" journalOrPublisher="European Association for Research on Plant Breeding (EUCARPIA), Wageningen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="44 - 50" refId="B239" refString="Kochieva, EZ, Ryzhova, NN, Van Dooijeweert, W, Boukema, IW, Arens, P, Voorrips, RE, 2004. Assessment of genetic relationships in the genus Capsicum using different DNA marker systems. In: Voorrips, RE, Ed., Proceedings of the XIIth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant. European Association for Research on Plant Breeding (EUCARPIA), Wageningen: 44 - 50" title="Assessment of genetic relationships in the genus Capsicum using different DNA marker systems." volumeTitle="Proceedings of the XIIth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant." year="2004">Kochieva et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="D099ACF59603F6E271C0FA53DBFF9236" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9744-z" author="Ibiza, VP" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1077 - 1088" refId="B211" refString="Ibiza, VP, Blanca, J, Canizares, J, Nuez, F, 2012. Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59: 1077 - 1088, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9744-z" title="Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9744-z" volume="59" year="2012">Ibiza et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="9D75256CC34EBC4DA92E5B3898342EE7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.September.12.11" author="Carvalho, S" journalOrPublisher="Genetics and Molecular Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="7447 - 7464" refId="B76" refString="Carvalho, S, Ragassi, C, Bianchetti, L, Reifschneider, F, Buso, G, Faleiro, F, 2014. Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin). Genetics and Molecular Research 13: 7447 - 7464, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.September.12.11" title="Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)." url="https://doi.org/10.4238/2014.September.12.11" volume="13" year="2014">Carvalho et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="4E197DC279455B054941505F5F133416" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo
<normalizedToken id="741F114C4430CBE4A4CC8E5E5C0B35C3" originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), plus the clear morphological characters discussed above, provide more than enough evidence that
<taxonomicName id="4055E8467C720FDF7B00401AECFEA1AB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccatum">
<emphasis id="495E3D19C85BA177E3D7E3DF581E342D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="DF5D314BED7E6548B1C03BF192047F09" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="1D7CA625798F70978DD20B7FA8BA999A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct species. As
<taxonomicName id="7CE2CEE307EEF919977BD3AC5F6EAB10" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="64512A9E3EC318255CDF9734570E68F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority over
<taxonomicName id="02A0D925C95E4AD6F42833903AE46A97" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. praetermissum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="praetermissum">
<emphasis id="654605FA6888F378D61EC4D8A4BC9CDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. praetermissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the first becomes the correct name for this species, despite the previous more common usage of the latter in both literature and on herbarium sheets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C664C633D548EB3986FC715D9426C6D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="7598A4929E8C430EE8957AA56642A833" author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
cited a single collection in the description of
<taxonomicName id="E39711505D5156B18EE9E183EDF5126A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rabenii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="B8D875616EE7D8AF728538F57B5B01EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, &quot;Com. de Raben (n.301)&quot; (Danish Count Frederik Christian Raben). A specimen at BR labelled &quot;Com. Raben&quot; with the number 301 written on it in another hand is the only original material we have found and we designate it the lectotype. A specimen in C (C10019144) labelled as &quot;Herbarium Fr. Chr. Comitis Raben&quot; and &quot;Lago de Rodriguez. R. de Janeiro. 1835&quot;, has been suggested as original material by Olof Ryding on an additional annotation slip on this sheet stating
<normalizedToken id="ADB9D9CC58689EDB86E5486A597E96C6" originalValue="“…">&quot;...</normalizedToken>
It matches the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="E4888EF6AF1E689DD0D58F0C2A397235" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rabenii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rabenii">
<emphasis id="DE6B16FF1397EAE19DB5A726918C0092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rabenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Sendtn. at BR. The two [BR and C] specimens apparently belonged to the same collection
<normalizedToken id="B68C971C74ECADF3AD0EC319162BD140" originalValue="…">...</normalizedToken>
O. Ryding 1999&quot; (see also
<bibRefCitation id="0DA71850DF6E8622C70702EBBCB8D2CB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1554906" author="Ryding, O" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="369 - 376" refId="B418" refString="Ryding, O, 2002. Count F. C. Raben's Brazilian herbaria. Taxon 51: 369 - 376, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1554906" title="Count F. C. Raben's Brazilian herbaria." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1554906" volume="51" year="2002">Ryding 2002</bibRefCitation>
for further information on Raben collections). We compared these specimens and they are clearly not the same. The lectotype at BR has leaves that are densely pubescent abaxially, matching
<bibRefCitation id="46318D554EA5E26BE4648929D9FA18A8" author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">
<normalizedToken id="D0E34BA1CFBDAC4C0FC8F390BDB6700C" originalValue="Sendtner’s">Sendtner's</normalizedToken>
(1846)
</bibRefCitation>
description, while the specimen at C has leaves that are glabrous or glabrescent on both surfaces, belonging to
<taxonomicName id="6F728B8EC6D885D6B4DA6D5234ED38B0" authority="var. baccatum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum subsp. var. var. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="baccatum" subSpecies="var." variety="baccatum">C. baccatum var. baccatum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F142015ABD222481C52781DE5A34970F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C46C17F246C632999246F3E240629FD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2197959756C56CD6458C703D44F01DBD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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