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<document id="C6B869E024326D6007106A2B5E9F2FFA" ID-CLB-Dataset="5343" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3847.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1113230b-71a5-4505-b58f-2f9cbd5556f2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928795" ID-ZooBank="3578236B-8CE0-42D5-8BEB-68A84D137BCD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623436249353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Thompson, F. Christian &amp; Skevington, Jeffrey H." docDate="2014" docId="762A8786FFAC3F3DFF24FC9605E0D7B6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03847p114.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3847 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Afrostoma Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth 2014, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="8A13FFFEFFA63F37FFB3FFD4012DD12F" masterDocTitle="Afrotropical flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). A new genus and species from Kenya, with a review of the melanostomine group of genera" masterLastPageNumber="114" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="107" updateTime="1699012321177" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="F09BF44C146C41FEBD2242FFCCE1D00A">Afrotropical flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae). A new genus and species from Kenya, with a review of the melanostomine group of genera</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="87388DCB9F85CECACB5D6E2A069A4C10" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AA3C373A690A528FAFDB55835DDC082F">Thompson, F. Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4343DFE4E7ABE5B6CD68D3B428844B35">Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA. E-mail: thompsonf @ si. edu</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="198A879E4E5646DD569CABFA62F07CCD">Skevington, Jeffrey H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="55B856B47C4B4DA3978A5DE799FC05D7">Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada. E-mail: jhskevington @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B85FE4324DFFE4811DBFC5753C3FD87B">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DDF0EBAF7B5217446089F9BE5A7276AE">2014-08-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="762A8786FFAC3F3DFF24FC9605E0D7B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183717186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4928430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:762A8786FFAC3F3DFF24FC9605E0D7B6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/762A8786FFAC3F3DFF24FC9605E0D7B6" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<subSubSection id="B699651BFFAC3F3DFF24FC96024FD273" box="[151,866,834,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF24FC96024FD273" blockId="10.[151,866,834,894]" box="[151,866,834,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<heading id="A57481FCFFAC3F3DFF24FC96024FD273" bold="true" box="[151,866,834,860]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" reason="1">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF24FC96024FD273" bold="true" box="[151,866,834,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFF24FC9603CAD273" ID-CoL="8ZY88" authority="Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth" authorityName="Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,743,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Afrostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF24FC96003BD273" bold="true" box="[151,278,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Afrostoma</emphasis>
Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D7C457F9FFAC3F3DFD47FC96024FD273" box="[756,866,834,860]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B699651BFFAC3F3DFF24FCB10470D47A" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="description">
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF24FCB1005BD251" blockId="10.[151,866,834,894]" box="[151,374,869,894]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
(
<figureCitation id="66B82A15FFAC3F3DFF2CFCB10031D251" box="[159,284,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1568,1590]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,519,1543]" captionTargetId="figure-305@11.[151,1436,519,1543]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 1. Afrostoma quadripunctatum Skevington &amp; Thompson, male (specimen USNM ENT 00036401). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. oblique view of head; C. habitus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928797/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Figs 1AC</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="66B82A15FFAC3F3DFE9BFCB10043D251" box="[296,366,869,894]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1075,1097]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,179,1048]" captionTargetId="figure-275@13.[151,1435,171,1054]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Afrostoma quadripunctatum Skevington &amp; Thompson, male genitalia: A. epandrium, lateral view; B. epandrium, dorsal view; C. hypandrium, lateral view; D. aedeagal complex, lateral view. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; distph—distiphallus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hyp—hypandrium; phalapod—phallapodeme; pgt—postgonite; smp dt—sperm duct; spm sac—sperm sac; sur—surstylus. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928801/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">3AD</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF24FC79028DD2E9" blockId="10.[151,1436,941,1689]" box="[151,928,941,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF24FC790019D2E9" bold="true" box="[151,308,941,966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Type-species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFE88FC79028DD2E9" authority="Skevington &amp; Thompson." authorityName="Skevington &amp; Thompson." box="[315,928,941,966]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Afrostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadripunctatum">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFE88FC79035AD2E9" box="[315,631,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Afrostoma quadripunctatum</emphasis>
Skevington &amp; Thompson.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF74FC050470D47A" blockId="10.[151,1436,941,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF74FC050074D2C5" bold="true" box="[199,345,977,1002]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
Small, slender black flies. Length:
<quantity id="397B9B75FFAC3F3DFD50FC05026ED2C6" box="[739,835,977,1002]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">78 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFCFEFC0502A0D2C5" bold="true" box="[845,909,977,1002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Head</emphasis>
: Face straight, slightly projecting, with distinct medial tubercle; oral opening about 1.2 times as long as broad; gena narrow; frontal triangle not swollen; antennal sockets confluent; eye bare, holoptic in male, with eye contiguity slightly longer than frontal triangle; antenna short, with basoflagellomere oval; arista long, about as long as antenna, pubescent, with short pile about as long as aristal diameter.
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFEEAFBB5009FD555" bold="true" box="[345,434,1121,1146]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Thorax</emphasis>
: Black; postpronotum (humerus) bare; notopleuron with indistinct tubercle; scutellum convex, not modified; subscutellar fringe present, of multiple rows; anterior anepisternum bare; katepisternal pile patches broadly separated throughout; metasternum not excavated anteriorly, bare; metathoracic pile patch absent; metapleuron bare; postmetacoxal bridge absent; legs simple; plumula simple, long. Wing: brownish, microtrichose; vein R
<subScript id="620734D5FFAC3F3DFF56FAD401D0D421" attach="left" box="[229,253,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">4+5</subScript>
straight; vein M
<subScript id="620734D5FFAC3F3DFE0DFAD400EBD421" attach="left" box="[446,454,1280,1294]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">1</subScript>
(apical crossvein) oblique, slightly sinuous; alula broad, about as wide as cell cup.
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF24FACC0026D41E" bold="true" box="[151,267,1304,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Abdomen</emphasis>
: elongate, slightly narrower than thorax, segments more or less quadrate, as long as broad, without marginal sulcus. Male genitalia: surstyles symmetric; lingula absent; postgonite free; phallus one-segmented.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B699651BFFAC3F3DFF74FAB40514D4B4" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF74FAB40514D4B4" blockId="10.[151,1436,941,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF74FAB40063D456" bold="true" box="[199,334,1376,1401]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFEE7FAB400E5D456" authorityName="Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth" authorityYear="2014" box="[340,456,1376,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Afrostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFEE7FAB400E5D456" box="[340,456,1376,1401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Afrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an arbitrary word derived from combination of the first letters of Afrotropical and the last letters of
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFE9DFA5000EBD4B2" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1860" box="[302,454,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFE9DFA5000EBD4B2" box="[302,454,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name is to be treated as neuter as is
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFC2AFA50051CD4B2" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1860" box="[921,1073,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFC2AFA50051CD4B2" box="[921,1073,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B699651BFFAC3F3DFF74FA7C05E0D7B6" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF74FA7C04BFD77E" blockId="10.[151,1436,941,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF74FA7C03DDD4EE" bold="true" box="[199,752,1448,1473]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" reason="1">Discussion (including comparative diagnosis).</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFD49FA7C0243D4EE" authorityName="Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth" authorityYear="2014" box="[762,878,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Afrostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFD49FA7C0243D4EE" box="[762,878,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Afrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the sister genus to
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFBC3FA7C0425D4EE" authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1860" box="[1136,1288,1448,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFBC3FA7C0425D4EE" box="[1136,1288,1448,1473]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="66B82A15FFAC3F3DFAA8FA7C044CD4EE" box="[1307,1377,1448,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,248,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[151,1423,204,1782]" captionTargetId="figure-48@12.[151,1435,193,1789]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 2. 50% majority rule consensus cladogram of Bacchini species produced from Bayesian analysis of COI data. Clade supports shown are posterior probabilities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4928799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4928799/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) and belongs among the basal syrphine groups in the paraphyletic assemblage known as the tribe
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFB62FA180456D4CA" box="[1233,1403,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Melanostomini">Melanostomini</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFF24FA2401D6D726" baseAuthorityName="Rotheray and Gilbert" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[151,251,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Bacchini">Bacchini</taxonomicName>
(see above). While these flies look like
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFD0BFA240286D726" box="[696,939,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFD0BFA24027DD726" box="[696,848,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, close inspection of the metasternum reveals the lack of the basolateral excavation, characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFCBCF9C00552D702" authority="(Andersson 1970)" baseAuthorityName="Andersson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[783,1151,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFCBCF9C0028AD702" box="[783,935,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9A124B61FFAC3F3DFC0BF9C0055AD702" author="Andersson, H." box="[952,1143,1556,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" pagination="236 - 240" refId="ref13876" refString="Andersson, H. (1970) Taxonomic notes on the genera Platycheirus and Melanostoma (Dipt., Syrphidae) with lectotype designations. Entomologica Scandinavica, 1, 236 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631270 x 00087" type="journal article" year="1970">Andersson 1970</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Also, the male genitalia lack the specialized synapomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFDE5F9EC03C9D77E" box="[598,740,1592,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Platycheirus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFDE5F9EC03C9D77E" box="[598,740,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Platycheirus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(scythe-shaped gonostylus and basomedial lobe on surstyle).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE3C3690FFAC3F3DFF74F98805E0D7B6" blockId="10.[151,1436,941,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFF74F9880016D75A" authorityName="Skevington, Thompson &amp; Vockeroth" authorityYear="2014" box="[199,315,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Afrostoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFF74F9880016D75A" box="[199,315,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Afrostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very distinctive by its lack of male external secondary characters and biogeography (being endemic to the Afrotropical region where the only other melanostomine group is
<taxonomicName id="39834D13FFAC3F3DFB97F9540591D7B6" baseAuthorityName="Andersson" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1060,1212,1664,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Melanostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCF7EA82FFAC3F3DFB97F9540591D7B6" box="[1060,1212,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="107">Melanostoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>