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<document ID-DOI="10.35929/RSZ.0049" ID-GBIF-Dataset="172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458" ID-ISSN="0035-418" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5639938" checkinTime="1635892563566" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schuchert, Peter &amp; Collins, Richard" docDate="2021" docId="D0118A7C5B390021FEE2FE96FAA57D83" docLanguage="en" docName="RevSuisseZool.128.2.237-356.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revue suisse de Zoologie 128 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256.2:RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="EA5207814960044D272DF5BE47DFF256" docStyleName="RevSuisseZool.2020-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Staurodiscus luteus Peter 2021, n. spec." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="2C28F2045B0C0014FFCFFF96FFDB7820" masterDocTitle="Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream" masterLastPageNumber="356" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="289" updateTime="1683579073239" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Hydromedusae observed during night dives in the Gulf Stream</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Schuchert, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Muséum d’histoire naturelle, C. P. 6434, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peter.schuchert@ville-ge.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Collins, Richard</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>880 NE 33 rd Street, Boca Raton, Florida, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rc6684@icloud.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revue suisse de Zoologie</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-10-21</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>128</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>237</mods:start>
<mods:end>356</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.35929/RSZ.0049</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">172fa5c5-c0c4-4bd7-b710-d608237b8458</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0035-418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5639938</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5710622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5710622" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3215480D-F789-406B-8A29-705A2AB218F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0118A7C5B390021FEE2FE96FAA57D83" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<subSubSection box="[301,607,256,281]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="53.[301,607,256,313]" box="[301,607,256,281]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<heading bold="true" box="[301,607,256,281]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[301,607,256,281]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8RW6D" ID-ENA="2805986" authority="Peter, 2021" authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[301,516,256,280]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus" status="n. spec.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[301,516,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Staurodiscus luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[523,607,257,281]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" rank="species">n. spec.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[392,515,289,313]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="53.[301,607,256,313]" box="[392,515,289,313]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<figureCitation box="[392,466,289,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[151,186,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@54.[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 33. Staurodiscus luteus n. spec. (A) Holotype, BFLA4284, 6 mm diameter, oblique view on oral side. (B-F) BFLA3819, size 2-3 mm. (B) Oral view. (C) Oral view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Oblique view on aboral part, note cross-shaped mark of original radial canals. (F) Bell margin from oral side, cordyli and ocelli are visible. (G) Juvenile, 4 mm, oral view, photographed 17- MAY-2020. (H) Photo taken 26-JUL-2018, aboral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
A-H
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="53.[151,756,336,520]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574350" accessionNumber="MW528698" collectingDate="2019-12-06" collectionCode="MW" location="Palm Beach" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCode="BFLA4284" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,336,360]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<typeStatus box="[151,261,336,360]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[287,414,336,360]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">BFLA4284</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[439,580,336,360]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
; collected off
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B390021FEE2FE96FAA57D83:5D676DB15B390021FF58FEE6FEFA79A8" box="[151,289,368,392]" name="Palm Beach" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" stateProvince="Florida">Palm Beach</location>
,
<collectingRegion box="[305,386,368,392]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<date box="[402,558,368,392]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-12-06">
<collectingDate box="[402,558,368,392]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-12-06">06-DEC-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; size
<quantity box="[628,698,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, ~32 tentacles; bell fragments preserved in formalin and deposited as UF-013842, fragment in alcohol used for DNA extraction (MHNG-INVE-0137382); 16S sequence
<accessionNumber box="[256,388,496,520]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528698" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">MW528698</accessionNumber>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[151,756,543,1120]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,463,543,567]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Other examined material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574490" accessionNumber="MW528698" collectingDate="2018-10-24" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCode="BFLA3819" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode box="[477,603,543,567]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">BFLA3819</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[620,752,543,567]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
;
<date box="[151,304,576,600]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2018-10-24">
<collectingDate box="[151,304,576,600]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2018-10-24">24-OCT-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; size ~
<quantity box="[385,473,575,599]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, ~36 tentacles; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
<accessionNumber box="[184,317,640,664]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528698" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">MW528698</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574383" accessionNumber="MW528698" collectingDate="2020-06-11" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCode="BFLA4458" specimenCount="1">
–
<specimenCode box="[358,484,640,664]" collectionCode="BFLA" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">BFLA4458</specimenCode>
;
<specimenCount box="[500,629,640,664]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
, no photos taken;
<date box="[240,392,673,697]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-06-11">
<collectingDate box="[240,392,673,697]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-06-11">11-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
</date>
; size ~
<quantity box="[499,579,673,697]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
; preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction; 16S sequence identical to
<accessionNumber box="[202,338,737,761]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/MW528698" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">MW528698</accessionNumber>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574380" collectingDate="2017-05-06" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
–
<date box="[413,576,738,762]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2017-05-06">
<collectingDate box="[413,576,738,762]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2017-05-06">06-MAY-2017</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[609,755,738,762]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed;
<quantity box="[316,385,770,794]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574403" collectingDate="2018-07-26" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
–
<date box="[580,729,770,794]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2018-07-26">
<collectingDate box="[580,729,770,794]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2018-07-26">26-JUL-2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed; size ~
<quantity box="[489,552,803,827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
~38 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574418" collectingDate="2019-04-11" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
–
<date box="[293,446,835,859]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-04-11">
<collectingDate box="[293,446,835,859]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-04-11">11-APR-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[462,588,835,859]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed; damaged,
<quantity box="[276,354,868,892]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, ~24 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574400" collectingDate="2019-05-27" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
–
<date box="[151,312,901,925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-05-27">
<collectingDate box="[151,312,901,925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-05-27">27-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[334,468,900,925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed;
<specimenCount box="[661,751,900,924]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
, ~
<quantity box="[165,235,933,957]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, ~9 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574411" collectingDate="2019-05-27" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-juvenile="1">
–
<date box="[593,752,933,957]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-05-27">
<collectingDate box="[593,752,933,957]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2019-05-27">27-MAY-2019</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[151,288,966,990]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed;
<specimenCount box="[487,578,966,990]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
,
<quantity box="[603,703,965,989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
, ~6 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574360" collectingDate="2020-05-17" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
–
<date box="[453,612,998,1022]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-05-17">
<collectingDate box="[453,612,998,1022]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-05-17">17-MAY-2020</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[629,755,998,1022]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed; ~
<quantity box="[331,401,1031,1055]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, ~24 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574334" collectingDate="2020-06-13" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1">
–
<date box="[151,302,1063,1087]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-06-13">
<collectingDate box="[151,302,1063,1087]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" value="2020-06-13">13-JUN-2020</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<specimenCount box="[319,446,1063,1087]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
photographed;
<quantity box="[627,697,1063,1087]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
, ~17 tentacles; not collected.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[151,756,1143,1265]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,331,1143,1168]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Type locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3410574471" country="United States of America" elevation="9" location="Atlantic Ocean" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Florida">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0118A7C5B390021FEE2FE96FAA57D83:5D676DB15B390021FEA9FBE1FDFF7CB0" box="[358,548,1143,1168]" country="United States of America" name="Atlantic Ocean" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" stateProvince="Florida">Atlantic Ocean</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[580,637,1144,1168]" name="United States of America" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[669,751,1143,1167]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Florida</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation box="[151,652,1176,1200]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
approximately
<quantity box="[322,404,1176,1200]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
east of Palm Beach
</locationDeviation>
, WGS84 rectangle between
<geoCoordinate box="[372,436,1209,1233]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">26.70</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[456,526,1209,1233]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">-79.94</geoCoordinate>
and 26.78, -79.94, occurrence depth
<quantity box="[341,420,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">
<elevation box="[341,420,1241,1265]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="m" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8-10 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="53.[151,756,1289,1476]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,272,1289,1313]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Similar to the sympatric
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but smaller (&lt;
<quantity box="[401,481,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
), with intensively yellow colour of stomach and its radiating extensions, and marginal bulbs; more radial canals (up to 30 and more) due to more branching, stomach extensions narrower, radial canals broader.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="53.[151,756,1499,2077]" lastBlockId="53.[831,1437,257,573]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,292,1499,1523]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Description:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[302,439,1499,1523]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[302,439,1499,1523]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Staurodiscus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
medusa with bell somewhat flatter than hemisphere, largest diameter observed
<quantity box="[151,227,1565,1589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
, apical jelly thick, about half the umbrella height (
<figureCitation box="[242,351,1597,1621]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[151,186,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@54.[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 33. Staurodiscus luteus n. spec. (A) Holotype, BFLA4284, 6 mm diameter, oblique view on oral side. (B-F) BFLA3819, size 2-3 mm. (B) Oral view. (C) Oral view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Oblique view on aboral part, note cross-shaped mark of original radial canals. (F) Bell margin from oral side, cordyli and ocelli are visible. (G) Juvenile, 4 mm, oral view, photographed 17- MAY-2020. (H) Photo taken 26-JUL-2018, aboral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Fig. 33D</figureCitation>
). Conspicuous, opaque, intensively golden-yellow colour of stomach, radial canals and marginal bulbs, colour fading in peripheral regions of radial canals; colour is partially preserved in alcohol. Stomach wide, up to half the diameter of the subumbrellar diameter, shallow, base irregularly starshaped, turning into basal stomach extensions which taper radially and branch irregularly 0 to 3 times and changing gradually into 30 to 40 radial canals which all reach the circular canal, radial canals very short. Gonad tissue (gametes) could not be seen in the preserved material, thus animals likely not reproductive. About 24 to 38 tentacles, long, contracted tightly coiled, their bulbs ovoid, clearly separated from rest of tentacles. Marginal bulbs positioned independently of radial canals. Usually only one cordylus between pairs of tentacles, also in younger individuals, sometimes cordylus on a marginal bulb without tentacle. Small, brown ocellus on base of adaxial side of bulb or on radial canal at attachment sites of cordylus. On aboral side of manubrium the cross-like marks of an original state with only four radial canals can be seen (
<figureCitation box="[1328,1425,452,476]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[151,186,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@54.[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 33. Staurodiscus luteus n. spec. (A) Holotype, BFLA4284, 6 mm diameter, oblique view on oral side. (B-F) BFLA3819, size 2-3 mm. (B) Oral view. (C) Oral view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Oblique view on aboral part, note cross-shaped mark of original radial canals. (F) Bell margin from oral side, cordyli and ocelli are visible. (G) Juvenile, 4 mm, oral view, photographed 17- MAY-2020. (H) Photo taken 26-JUL-2018, aboral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Fig. 33E</figureCitation>
). Branching of the radial stomach extensions must occur early in development. Amphipods appear occasionally to associate with the medusa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="53.[831,1436,596,653]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,964,596,620]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Etymology:</emphasis>
The Latin adjective
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[1207,1271,596,620]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis box="[1207,1271,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means yellow and refers to the striking yellow colour of this medusa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="53.[831,1437,676,830]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,957,676,700]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">16S Data:</emphasis>
The three 16S sequences obtained in this study were all identical.
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1197,1437,709,733]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis box="[1197,1437,709,733]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Staurodiscus kellneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
haplotypes have about 9% base pair differences to the one of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[906,997,773,797]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis box="[906,997,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The two species are clearly separated in the maximum likelihood tree (
<figureCitation box="[1155,1235,806,830]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="45.[153,188,1968,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1370,677,1924]" captionTargetId="graphics-159@45.[199,969,686,1866]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Fig. 28. 16S maximum likelihood phylogenetictree of Laodiceidae,Hebellidae,and Orchistomatidae,obtainedwith PhyML (GTR+G+I model) and based on about 600 bp positions of the mitochondrial 16S gene. Node-support values are bootstrap values of 100 pseudoreplicates (shown only if&gt; 70%).All sequence labels start with the GenBank numbers (except for identical haplotypes) permitting the retrieval of more information. Red labels are new sequences from this study." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640020" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640020/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[831,1322,853,878]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="53.[831,1322,853,878]" box="[831,1322,853,878]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,980,853,877]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Distribution:</emphasis>
Known from
<typeStatus box="[1130,1176,854,878]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">type</typeStatus>
locality only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="53" pageNumber="289" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="53.[831,1437,901,1443]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,946,901,925]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Remarks:</emphasis>
The opaque, yellow or golden-yellow colour renders
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[1003,1099,933,957]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis box="[1003,1099,933,957]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather conspicuous (
<figureCitation box="[1338,1423,933,957]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="54.[151,186,1971,1993]" captionTargetBox="[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-8@54.[179,1409,257,1922]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Fig. 33. Staurodiscus luteus n. spec. (A) Holotype, BFLA4284, 6 mm diameter, oblique view on oral side. (B-F) BFLA3819, size 2-3 mm. (B) Oral view. (C) Oral view. (D) Lateral view. (E) Oblique view on aboral part, note cross-shaped mark of original radial canals. (F) Bell margin from oral side, cordyli and ocelli are visible. (G) Juvenile, 4 mm, oral view, photographed 17- MAY-2020. (H) Photo taken 26-JUL-2018, aboral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5640034" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5640034/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
), although it resembles otherwise
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1178,1285,966,990]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis box="[1178,1285,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. kellneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authority="(Bouillon, 1984 b)" baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis box="[1338,1436,966,990]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. milleri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[839,1024,998,1022]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon, 1984b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The latter has about the same size and is thus even more similar. The radial canals are more branched in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[1029,1121,1063,1087]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis box="[1029,1121,1063,1087]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resulting in 30 to 40 canals, while
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[900,1000,1095,1119]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis box="[900,1000,1095,1119]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has up to 18.
<bibRefCitation author="Bouillon" box="[1163,1350,1095,1119]" firstAuthor="Bouillon" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" pagination="25 - 112" refId="ref65793" refString="Bouillon J. 1984 b. Hydromeduses de la Mer de Bismarck (Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinee). Partie IV: Leptomedusae (Hydrozoa - Cnidaria). Indo-Malayan Zoology 1 (1): 25 - 112." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Bouillon (1984b)</bibRefCitation>
usually also observed living animals for his studies in the Hansa Bay and he would certainly have noted any conspicuous colour as it is present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2021" box="[1103,1195,1192,1216]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="luteus">
<emphasis box="[1103,1195,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. luteus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We therefore assume that
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bouillon" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[878,976,1225,1249]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="milleri">
<emphasis box="[878,976,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. milleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not pigmented.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="53.[831,1437,901,1443]" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">
It is though possible that formalin preserved material – which loses colours after some time – has previously been mis-identified as
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mayer" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[1073,1181,1322,1346]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Hebellidae" genus="Staurodiscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="53" pageNumber="289" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="kellneri">
<emphasis box="[1073,1181,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="289">S. kellneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the western Atlantic. Both species can be separated based on their size, branching patterns of the radial canals, and proportions. The identification is more secure if 16S data are used.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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