334 lines
31 KiB
XML
334 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="153d057d-c190-4db9-aa8b-4da3cb04ae64" ID-PMC="PMC7683496" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-993-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" ID-PubMed="33262675" ID-ZooBank="C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-993-47" checkinTime="1605571755153" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Douglas, Hume B., Qiu, Lu, Chen, Xiaoqin & Jiang, Shihong" docDate="2020" docId="9F674A35716A58F7B08D9D5C95C70EF4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 993: 47-120" docOrigin="ZooKeys 993" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805" docTitle="Phorocardius yanagiharae" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17" masterDocTitle="Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668169908327" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of Chinese Phorocardius species (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Cardiophorinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-5592</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Douglas, Hume B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K 1 A 0 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-7554</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Qiu, Lu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaoqin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jiang, Shihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Applied Chemistry and Biological Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>993</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>120</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.993.53805</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-993-47</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C40989DB80634C9FA481E7AA82CA924B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2D7B2EB8CB285CBCA90A27064C6B1F17</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="169091762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9F674A35716A58F7B08D9D5C95C70EF4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9F674A35716A58F7B08D9D5C95C70EF4" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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9.
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<taxonomicName LSID="9F674A35-716A-58F7-B08D-9D5C95C70EF4" authority="(Miwa, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figs 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, pronotum, dorsal view B holotype, head, frontal view C right posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view D left posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475451" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 18</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">Cardiophorus yanagiharae</taxonomicName>
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Miwa, 1927: 109. Type locality: Taiwan, Tainan (China).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">Phorocardius yanagiharae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Miwa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Report N 65, Formosa 65" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B28" refString="Miwa, Y, 1934. The fauna of Elateridae in the Japanese Empire. Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute. Report N 65, Formosa 65" title="The fauna of Elateridae in the Japanese Empire. Department of Agriculture Government Research Institute." year="1934">Miwa 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: 209.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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China: Taiwan (
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<bibRefCitation author="Miwa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 114" refId="B26" refString="Miwa, Y, 1927. New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire. Insecta Matsumurana 2 (1): 105 - 114" title="New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire." volume="2" year="1927">Miwa 1927</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Miwa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Transaction of natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="72 - 98" refId="B27" refString="Miwa, Y, 1931. Elateridae of Formosa (V). Transaction of natural History Society of Formosa 22 (113): 72 - 98" title="Elateridae of Formosa (V)." volume="22" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Body length greater than 7.0 mm; integument red-brown to brown throughout. Prothorax: procoxal cavities open. Pterothorax: scutellar shield with posterior edge pointed. Tarsal claw with ventral apex not smaller than dorsal apex. Male genitalia: paramere with preapical lateral expansion present, without apical mesal callus. Female unknown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927) resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fleutiaux, 1931 in general body color and shape. They can be separated by the following combination of characters. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. yanagiharae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927), in lateral view, aedeagus with median lobe straight at apex, with paramere slender and ca. 1/2 as wide as median lobe (measured near middle part); pronotum narrower than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pronotal width to body width ratio 0.86; and in dorsal view, pronotum with sides of posterior angles strongly bulged and convex (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, pronotum, dorsal view B holotype, head, frontal view C right posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view D left posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475451" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">18C, D</figureCitation>
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); while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. magnus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="magnus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. magnus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fleutiaux, 1931: in lateral view, aedeagus with median lobe recurved dorsally at apex, with paramere robust and as wide as median lobe (measured near middle part); pronotum wider than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. yanagiharae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pronotal width to body width ratio 0.90-0.97; and in dorsal view, pronotum with sides of posterior angles not bulged, straight to slightly convex (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Phorocardius magnus Fleutiaux, 1931. A pronotum of lectotype, dorsal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) B head of paralectotype, frontal view (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) C head, frontal view, hand drawing, arrow indicating straight frontal carina D, E apex of last visible abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) of female, ventral view, paralectotype (photograph: Dr Antoine Mantilleri, MNHN) F apex of last visible abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) of female, dorsal view, non-type specimen G a model of last visible abdominal ventrite (ventrite V) of female, ventral view, hand drawing, arrow indicating tri-lobed apex H apex of last visible abdominal tergite (tergite VII) of female, dorsal view, non-type specimen I a model of last visible abdominal tergite (tergite VII) of female, dorsal view, hand drawing, arrow indicating concave apex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475441" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">9A</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927) also resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. unguicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918) in body color. They can be separated by the following combination of characters. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. yanagiharae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927), in ventral view, aedeagus with paramere, abruptly narrowed from apical third to apex, apex with hook-like preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with shallow punctures, interspaces between punctures 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina straight in frontal view; while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. unguicularis" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="unguicularis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. unguicularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fleutiaux, 1918), in ventral view, aedeagus with paramere gradually narrowed from mid-length to apex, apex pointed and without preapical lateral expansion; pronotum with deep punctures, interspaces between punctures 0.3-1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter; and head with frontal carina convex in frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(based on holotype) Color entirely red-brown to brown throughout, with legs and antennae yellow-brown to brown; pronotum and venter slightly darker than elytra. Integument matt, with light yellow pubescence.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">(based on holotype) Body length 9.4 mm. Body width 3.3 mm. Body length to width ratio 2.9. Pronotal width to length ratio 1.1. Pronotal width to body width ratio 0.86. Elytral length to pronotal length ratio 2.6; elytron length to width ratio 4.3.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Frons and vertex with interspaces between punctures 1-3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter. Frontal carina in frontal view transversely straight. Antenna with apex extending to posterior angle of pronotum. Distance between eyes to width of eye ratio 3.0. Antenna length to body length ratio 0.36.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Prothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Pronotum in dorsal view (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, pronotum, dorsal view B holotype, head, frontal view C right posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view D left posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475451" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">18A</figureCitation>
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): sides strongly convex from anterior edge to posterior fourth, slightly convex from posterior fourth to base of posterior angle, concave at base of posterior angle; widest near posterior third; posterior angles with lateral margin convex, strongly bulged laterally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, pronotum, dorsal view B holotype, head, frontal view C right posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view D left posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475451" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">18C, D</figureCitation>
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); surface with interspaces between punctures 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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average puncture diameter.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pterothorax</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Projections on posterior edge of mesosternum: in lateral view present, acute, (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">17C</figureCitation>
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). Scutellar shield: width to length ratio 1.0; anterolateral edges slightly sinuate; posterior apex pointed. Elytra: upper edge of epipleura with minute serrations.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 17.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Miwa, 1927).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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holotype, habitus, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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holotype, habitus, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
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claw of holotype
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">E</emphasis>
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apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">F</emphasis>
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apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">G</emphasis>
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apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Legs</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Length ratio of metatarsomeres I-V (excluding claws): 100; 66; 61; 47; 122. Claw with ventral apex almost as large as dorsal apex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Abdomen</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Lateral edges of visible abdominal ventrites I-V with minute serrations.
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(only apical third observed in current study, see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">17E-G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical third robust in ventral and lateral views. Apical third of median lobe in ventral view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">17E</figureCitation>
|
||
) narrowing from base to apex, apex rounded. Apical third of median lobe in lateral view bent ventrad (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">17G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Apical third of paramere in ventral view: extremely wide, 2-3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than median lobe (measured at base of apical third), sides convex and narrowed to near apex, preapical lateral expansion triangular, facing laterally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Phorocardius yanagiharae (Miwa, 1927). A holotype, habitus, dorsal view B holotype, habitus, ventral view C holotype, habitus, lateral view with specimen labels D claw of holotype E apical part of aedeagus of holotype, ventral view F apical part of aedeagus of holotype, dorsal view G apical part of aedeagus of holotype, lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475450" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">17F</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex acute beyond preapical lateral expansion, apical mesal callus absent. Apical third of paramere in lateral view: bent ventrad and gradually narrowed towards apex, preapical ventral expansion absent, without hook-shaped structure near apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
. male (TARI), labels: 1) Formosa, Y. Miwa;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="車路墘">車路墘</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 27/IV, 1926; 2)
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. sp., det. Y. Miwa; 3) Type; 4) 1072; 5) Not type?, det. W. Suzuki, 1989; 6) Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miwa, 1927, Identified by Ruan & Douglas, 2020.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miwa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 114" refId="B26" refString="Miwa, Y, 1927. New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire. Insecta Matsumurana 2 (1): 105 - 114" title="New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire." volume="2" year="1927">Miwa (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that only one specimen was used for description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Miwa, 1927 in the original publication. Therefore, according to ICZN (Art. 73.1.2.), the single specimen he described was fixed as holotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
We have investigated the TARI
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" family="Elateridae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Elateridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection. Only one single specimen labeled as "
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Cardiophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cardiophorus yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Cardiophorus yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov." was discovered, which we have identified as the holotype for the following reasons: 1) it is preserved in the type collection with a circular type label and a rectangular TARI type number label; 2) it has a label indicating "
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
n. sp." in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Miwa’s">Miwa's</normalizedToken>
|
||
handwriting; and 3) it has a label that indicates the specimen locality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“車路墘”">"車路墘"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which is a location in the city
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tainan”">"Tainan"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, which matches the type locality
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Miwa, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Matsumurana" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="105 - 114" refId="B26" refString="Miwa, Y, 1927. New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire. Insecta Matsumurana 2 (1): 105 - 114" title="New and some rare species of Elateridae from the Japanese Empire." volume="2" year="1927">Miwa (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.993.53805.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/475451" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figure 18" startId="F18">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Miwa, 1927).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, pronotum, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, head, frontal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
|
||
right posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">D</emphasis>
|
||
left posterior angle of pronotum, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">We believe Miwa had incorrectly reported the sex of the type as female. Moreover, Miwa implied the collecting date is "21/IV, 1926". However, according to our examination, the date on the label is "27/IV, 1926".</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
The previous record of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Miwa" baseAuthorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yanagiharae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yanagiharae">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yanagiharae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sichuan province (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang, S" journalOrPublisher="Beijing Agricultural Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B21" refString="Jiang, S, 1993. A catalogue of the insect specimens preserved in the Insect Collection of Huazhong Agricultural University. Beijing Agricultural Press, Beijing" title="A catalogue of the insect specimens preserved in the Insect Collection of Huazhong Agricultural University." year="1993">Jiang 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang, S" journalOrPublisher="China Agriculture Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B22" refString="Jiang, S, Wang, S, 1999. Economic click beetle fauna of China (Coleoptera: Elateridae). China Agriculture Press, Beijing" title="Economic click beetle fauna of China (Coleoptera: Elateridae)." year="1999">Jiang and Wang 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are erroneous. We investigated those specimens the authors used, and they turned out to be a new species (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruan & Douglas" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Elateridae" genus="Phorocardius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phorocardius yunnanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Phorocardius yunnanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ruan & Douglas, sp. nov., see following text).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Based on specimen information, this species inhabits low elevations (below 100 m) in south Taiwan island. The area is rainy, with subtropical to tropical climate. This species is currently considered endemic to Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |