treatments-xml/data/9A/6E/3D/9A6E3D56695CFFFB2AFBFC8429F4377F.xml

<document id="82841EC5E5E6ADEA7ACA526B3CD6CA13" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.246.1.5" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679943" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725412976196" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Deepna Latha, K. P., Anil Raj, K. N., Farook, V. Adnaan, Sharafudheen, Shahina A., Parambil, Neeraja K. &amp; Manimohan, Patinjareveettil" docDate="2016" docId="9A6E3D56695CFFFB2AFBFC8429F4377F" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.246.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 246 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.246.1.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Lactarius keralensis V. A. Farook &amp; Manim. 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="6657452E6956FFF72A73FF862871316D" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Russulaceae from India based on morphology and molecular phylogeny" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1725432695402" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="3F1DD5F0C3D597649751B296F3D73BD4">Three new species of Russulaceae from India based on morphology and molecular phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="80B75E9E30AEAC0A396879D2D37C36E2">Deepna Latha, K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9274C4B638BA887C808095832777D87A">Anil Raj, K. N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B8B3FB01C8D75124327D3A906E7B04CF">Farook, V. Adnaan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9042DF8EED7CE1C17AC67F6C59D30E4B">Sharafudheen, Shahina A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="66BE7F1E971F34E232297AEC75336BBC">Manimohan, Patinjareveettil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FE45A60CC996A15CDCF72F7CA9CBAE4F">2016</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695CFFFD2AFBFC842AF63270" ID-CoL="3RRX5" authority="V. A. Farook &amp; Manim." authorityName="V. A. Farook &amp; Manim." authorityYear="2016" box="[136,647,770,797]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2AFBFC8429023270" bold="true" box="[136,371,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Lactarius keralensis</emphasis>
V. A. Farook &amp; Manim.
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, 
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<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD28E2FC822A913270" box="[657,736,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
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<figureCitation id="8AFC90C5695CFFFD289CFC822B1C3270" box="[751,877,772,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,187,1925]" captionTargetId="figure-14@5.[178,1410,187,1925]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A–F: Basidiomata of the three new species. A–B. Lactifluus umbonatus. C–D. Lf. indicus. E–F. Lactarius keralensis. Scale bars: A, C–F = 10 mm; B = 5 mm. Photos: A–B. By K.P.D. Latha; C–D. By K.N.A. Raj; E–F. By V.A. Farook." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679945/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Figs. 1E–F</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFC90C5695CFFFD290BFC822B8E3270" box="[888,1023,772,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox="[178,1410,223,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-14@11.[178,1410,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–H: Lactarius keralensis (CAL 1281, holotype). A. Basidioma; B. Basidiospores; C. Basidia; D. Pleurocystidia; E. Cheilocystidia; F. Marginal cells; G. Pileipellis. H. Stipitipellis Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 2 μm; C–H = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679951/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Figs. 4A–H</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="8AFC90C5695CFFFD2E79FC822C2F3270" box="[1034,1118,772,797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[136,229,560,581]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,190,535]" captionTargetId="figure-18@12.[151,1436,190,535]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. A–C: SEM images of basidiospores of the three new species: A. Lactifluus umbonatus (CAL 1241, holotype). B. Lactifluus indicus (CAL 1282, holotype). C. Lactarius keralensis (CAL 1281, holotype). Scale bars: A–B = 5 μm; C = 2 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679953/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2AFBFCAE29E3322C" blockId="10.[136,402,808,833]" box="[136,402,808,833]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">MycoBank MB 815043</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2AFBFCF62D3332E4" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" box="[136,1346,880,905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2AFBFCF6297132E4" box="[136,256,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to 
<collectingRegion id="D00342A2695CFFFD2818FCF62A8932E4" box="[619,760,880,905]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695CFFFD2970FCF62B4E32E4" box="[771,831,880,905]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
, from where this species was first discovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEFC122D1232BC" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEFC12295E32C0" box="[189,303,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:— 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695CFFFD2B27FC122A4932C0" box="[340,568,916,941]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B27FC122A4932C0" box="[340,568,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Lactarius keralensis</emphasis>
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has a dry pileus, a stipe without a strigose base, milky-white latex, an indistinct odor, globose basidiospores with a partial, reticulate ornamentation and cystidia with scanty, granular contents.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEFC5A2C273574" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<materialsCitation id="A2AF861D695CFFFD2ACEFC5A2C273574" collectingDate="2014-12-01" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Adnaan Farook, AF" country="India" county="Palakkad District" location="Core" municipality="Silent Valley National Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" specimenCode="CAL 1281" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEFC5A29553298" box="[189,292,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<typeStatus id="CD7C32E2695CFFFD2ACEFC5A29553298" box="[189,292,988,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:— 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695CFFFD2B38FC5A29EC3298" box="[331,413,988,1013]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">INDIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion id="D00342A2695CFFFD2BDBFC5A2A473298" box="[424,566,988,1013]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingCounty id="FB19F4CC695CFFFD2831FC5A2B793298" box="[578,776,988,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Palakkad District</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="F21C163A695CFFFD2967FC5A2C3A3298" box="[788,1099,988,1013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Silent Valley National Park</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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zone, 
<location id="1718DA9B695CFFFD2EAAFC5A2DD93298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A6E3D56695CFFFB2AFBFC8429F4377F:1718DA9B695CFFFD2EAAFC5A2DD93298" box="[1241,1448,988,1013]" country="India" county="Palakkad District" municipality="Silent Valley National Park" name="Walakkad Section" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Kerala">Walakkad Section</location>
, on the way to 
<location id="1718DA9B695CFFFD2B54FB8629DC3574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A6E3D56695CFFFB2AFBFC8429F4377F:1718DA9B695CFFFD2B54FB8629DC3574" box="[295,429,1024,1049]" country="India" county="Palakkad District" municipality="Silent Valley National Park" name="Kozhippara" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" stateProvince="Kerala">Kozhippara</location>
, 
<date id="6679AA80695CFFFD2BC4FB862AFE3574" box="[439,655,1024,1049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" value="2014-12-01">
<collectingDate id="763D5368695CFFFD2BC4FB862AFE3574" box="[439,655,1024,1049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" value="2014-12-01">01 December 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD28E9FB862B153574" box="[666,868,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<collectionCode id="74D61485695CFFFD28E9FB862ADA3574" box="[666,683,1024,1049]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. 
<collectorName id="BF32E996695CFFFD28C6FB862B153574" box="[693,868,1024,1049]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Adnaan Farook</collectorName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2900FB862BCE3574" box="[883,959,1024,1049]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">AF773</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="4261243B695CFFFD29BEFB862C383574" box="[973,1097,1024,1049]" collectionCode="CAL" country="India" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12692" name="Botanical Survey of India" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" type="Herbarium">CAL 1281</specimenCode>
).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEFBA22A5E3454" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEFBA229303550" box="[189,321,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Description</emphasis>
:— 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B14FBA229AE3550" box="[359,479,1060,1085]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Basidioma</emphasis>
medium-sized. Pileus 
<quantity id="D53F21A5695CFFFD289DFBA22B333550" box="[750,834,1060,1085]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
diam., broadly infundibuliform; surface dark brown with some grayish white granularity at the disc, paler towards the margin, showing alternate brown (6E4/OAC640) and pale brown (6D4/OAC647, OAC653) zonations, dry, almost glabrous; margin white, uplifted, entire and slightly wavy. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2AA7FB16294D35C4" box="[212,316,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnexed to subdecurrent, moderately crowded, sometimes furcate, pale cream, up to 
<quantity id="D53F21A5695CFFFD2F53FB162D1535C4" box="[1312,1380,1168,1193]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
wide, with lamellulae of 8-9 lengths; edge entire, concolorous with the sides. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD29DBFB322B9135A0" box="[936,992,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Stipe</emphasis>
32 × 
<quantity id="D53F21A5695CFFFD2E52FB322C0035A0" box="[1057,1137,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
, central, terete, equal, solid; surface entirely pale brown (6C3/OAC661, OAC704), finely pruinose; base devoid of basal mycelium, associated with tree roots. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B71FB7A29313478" box="[258,320,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Latex</emphasis>
milky-white, unchanging, copious, slightly glutinous. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD29DCFB7A2C773478" box="[943,1030,1276,1301]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Context</emphasis>
solid, up to 
<quantity id="D53F21A5695CFFFD2EEBFB7A2CAB3478" box="[1176,1242,1276,1301]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
at the center, pale cream. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2AA9FAA629643454" box="[218,277,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Odor</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B3FFAA629F03454" box="[332,385,1312,1337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">taste</emphasis>
not distinctive.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEFAC22CDA3614" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEFAC2292A3430" box="[189,347,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Basidiospores</emphasis>
6–8 (9) × 6–8 (7.3 ± 0.76 × 7.0 ± 0.8) μm, Q = 1.0–1.16, Qm = 1.04, globose, distinctly amyloid with an ornamentation composed of warts with connectives forming a partial reticulum. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2E09FAEE2CA134EC" box="[1146,1232,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Basidia</emphasis>
34–54 × 9–12 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, with refractive contents, hyaline, mostly 4-spored, rarely 2-spored; sterigmata up to 7 μm long. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2AB9FA36291234A4" box="[202,355,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Lamella edge</emphasis>
heterogeneous with copious marginal cells and scattered cheilocystidia. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ED1FA362D3534A4" box="[1186,1348,1456,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
71–74 × 6–7 μm, cylindric with a flexuous outline and an obtuse apex, with few refractive, granular contents. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2F74FA522DDA3480" box="[1287,1451,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Marginal cells</emphasis>
9–25× 4–10 μm, cylindric to shortly clavate, often septate, hyaline, without any contents. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2EF7FA7E2D57377C" box="[1156,1318,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
occasional, 52–90 × 5–10 μm, flexuous-cylindric with subcapitate to moniliform apices, thin- to slightly thick-walled, with pale yellowish, refractive contents. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B90F9C62AE43734" box="[483,661,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
irregular, hyphae 2.5–14 μm wide, thin-walled, hyaline. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2F68F9C62DDA3734" box="[1307,1451,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Pileus trama</emphasis>
somewhat compactly arranged towards the hymenium, loosely interwoven towards the pileipellis; hyphae 3.5–8 μm wide, mostly thin-walled, at times slightly thick-walled, hyaline. Both lamellar and pileus trama have abundant lactiferous hyphae up to 12 μm wide, with a pale yellow wall pigment and refractive contents. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2EC6F92A2D5637A8" box="[1205,1319,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a transition between a cutis and a trichoderm; hyphae 3–6.5 μm, with a pale yellow wall pigment, thin- to slightly thick-walled, slightly gelatinized; terminal elements 24–45 × 3–6.5 μm, cylindric with an obtuse apex, hyaline, thick-walled (up to 2 μm thick). 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2B77F89E29F5365C" box="[260,388,1816,1841]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis often disrupted by ascending to erect fascicles of hyphae; hyphae 3–6 μm wide, mostly covered with a hyaline to pale yellowish resinous material, thick-walled. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD29B8F8BA2C3F3638" box="[971,1102,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Stipe trama</emphasis>
composed of both normal and lactiferous hyphae; hyphae up to 13 μm wide, hyaline, thin-walled. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD290DF8E62C243614" box="[894,1109,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Clamp connections</emphasis>
absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEF8022C8F36F0" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" box="[189,1278,1924,1949]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEF802296236F0" box="[189,275,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Habitat</emphasis>
:—solitary, on soil, among litter, close to the roots of an unidentified dicotyledonous tree.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFD2ACEF82E2CBA36AC" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" box="[189,1227,1960,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEF82E2A5A36AC" box="[189,555,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Geographical distribution range</emphasis>
:—known only from the 
<typeStatus id="CD7C32E2695CFFFD2930F82E2B0236AC" box="[835,883,1960,1985]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">type</typeStatus>
locality in 
<collectingRegion id="D00342A2695CFFFD2981F82E2C0E36AC" box="[1010,1151,1960,1985]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Kerala State</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695CFFFD2EF9F82E2CB636AC" box="[1162,1223,1960,1985]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="12788C40695CFFFB2ACEF84A2C3A32BF" blockId="10.[136,1452,880,2093]" lastBlockId="12.[136,1452,665,1554]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2ACEF84A29423688" box="[189,307,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Comments</emphasis>
:—A brown, dry pileus with alternate dark and pale concentric zonations, an unchanging, white-colored latex, a non-scrobiculate stipe, a pileipellis that is a transition between cutis and a trichoderm and basidiospores that form an incomplete reticulum place this species in the subg. 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695CFFFD2940F7922BE93940" box="[819,920,2068,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="76" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Piperites">
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD2940F7922BE93940" box="[819,920,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">Piperites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695CFFFD29DBF7922C383940" author="Le, H. T. &amp; Nuytinck, J. &amp; Verbeken, A. &amp; Lumyong, S. &amp; Desjardin, D. E." box="[936,1097,2068,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" pagination="173 - 224" refId="ref9010" refString="Le, H. T., Nuytinck, J., Verbeken, A., Lumyong, S. &amp; Desjardin, D. E. (2007) Lactarius in Northern Thailand: 1. Lactarius subgenus Piperites. Fungal Diversity 24: 173 - 224." type="journal article" year="2007">
Le 
<emphasis id="20B35052695CFFFD29BDF7922C763940" box="[974,1031,2068,2093]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="71">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695CFFFD2E26F7922D4D3940" author="Das, K. &amp; Sharma, J. R." box="[1109,1340,2068,2093]" pageId="10" pageNumber="71" refId="ref8395" refString="Das, K. &amp; Sharma, J. R. (2005) Russulaceae of Kumaon Himalaya. Govt. of India, Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment &amp; Forests, Kolkata, 255 pp." type="book" year="2005">Das &amp; Sharma 2005</bibRefCitation>
) of genus 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2AFBFD1F288A33DF" box="[136,251,665,690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2AFBFD1F288633DF" authorityName="Persoon" authorityYear="1797" box="[136,247,665,690]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Lactarius</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2B72FD1F2BFB33DF" authority="Y. Wang &amp; Z. X. Xie (1984: 81)" authorityName="Y. Wang &amp; Z. X. Xie" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1984" box="[257,906,665,690]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="changbainensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2B72FD1F2A5033DF" box="[257,545,665,690]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius changbainensis</emphasis>
Y. Wang &amp; Z.X. Xie (1984: 81)
</taxonomicName>
, a species from 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695AFFFB2E4CFD1F2CF333DF" box="[1087,1154,665,690]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB2EE3FD1F2D6433DF" author="Wang, X. H." box="[1168,1301,665,690]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="253 - 268" refId="ref10459" refString="Wang, X. H. (2007) Type studies of Lactarius species published from China. Mycologia 99 (2): 253 - 268. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3852 / mycologia. 99.2.253" type="journal article" year="2007">Wang 2007</bibRefCitation>
), seems to be very close to the present species in most of the macro- and microscopic features, but differs by virtue of its subviscid pileus surface, strigose stipe base, watery latex, distinctive odor recalling rosin and ellipsoid basidiospores with short ridges and isolated warts that never form a reticulum. 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB288FFC8328CF322F" authority="K. Das, J. R. Sharma &amp; Verbeken (2003: 338)" authorityName="K. Das, J. R. Sharma &amp; Verbeken" authorityPageNumber="338" authorityYear="2003" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="dafianus">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB288FFC832BA03273" box="[764,977,773,798]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius dafianus</emphasis>
K. Das, J.R. Sharma &amp; Verbeken (2003: 338)
</taxonomicName>
, an Indian species belonging to the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB28C6FCAF2B6B322F" box="[693,794,809,834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Piperites">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB28C6FCAF2B6B322F" box="[693,794,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Piperites</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has a similar zonation, similarly attached lamellae, similar basidiospore ornamentation and similar pleurocystidia. That species, however, differs in having differently-colored basidiomata with a larger (
<quantity id="D53F21A5695AFFFB2BCAFCF72A4732E7" box="[441,566,881,906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="65.0">65–75 mm</quantity>
) pileus, a basidiospore ornamentation composed mostly of isolated warts and ridges that never form a complete reticulum, cystidia with needle-like contents and growth in close association with 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2AFBFC3F29D032BF" box="[136,417,953,978]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Rhododendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arboreum">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2AFBFC3F29D032BF" box="[136,417,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Rhododendron arboreum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in temperate deciduous Himalayan forests (
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB29FCFC3F2C4E32BF" author="Das, K. &amp; Sharma, J. R. &amp; Verbeken, A." box="[911,1087,953,978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="333 - 342" refId="ref8535" refString="Das, K., Sharma, J. R. &amp; Verbeken, A. (2003) New species of Lactarius from Kumaon Himalaya, India. Mycotaxon 88: 333 - 342." type="journal article" year="2003">
Das 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB29B0FC3F2B8A32BF" box="[963,1019,953,978]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="46B8DCC8695DFFFC2AFBF8272CBD36B7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679951/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" startId="11.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[178,1410,223,1929]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="12788C40695DFFFC2AFBF8272CBD36B7" blockId="11.[136,1452,1953,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2AFBF827293536DB" bold="true" box="[136,324,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 4. A–H:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695DFFFC2B3DF8272A6436DB" box="[334,533,1953,1974]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="11" pageNumber="72" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2B3DF8272A6436DB" box="[334,533,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">Lactarius keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1281, holotype). 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC297DF8272B6E36DB" bold="true" box="[782,799,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">A</emphasis>
. Basidioma; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC29D4F8272BC636DB" bold="true" box="[935,951,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">B</emphasis>
. Basidiospores; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2E2CF8272C0136DB" bold="true" box="[1119,1136,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">C</emphasis>
. Basidia; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2EAAF8272C9B36DB" bold="true" box="[1241,1258,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">D</emphasis>
. Pleurocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2FE6F8272DDD36DB" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1953,1974]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">E.</emphasis>
Cheilocystidia; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2B6CF843294336B7" bold="true" box="[287,306,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">F.</emphasis>
Marginal cells; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2BBDF843299636B7" bold="true" box="[462,487,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">G.</emphasis>
Pileipellis. 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC282AF8432A1D36B7" bold="true" box="[601,620,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">H</emphasis>
. Stipitipellis Scale bars: 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2928F8432B1D36B7" bold="true" box="[859,876,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">A</emphasis>
= 10 mm; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC29A7F8432B9536B7" bold="true" box="[980,996,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">B</emphasis>
= 2 μm; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695DFFFC2E4EF8432C1C36B7" bold="true" box="[1085,1133,1989,2010]" pageId="11" pageNumber="72">C–H</emphasis>
= 10 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="46B8DCC8695AFFFB2AFBFDB62CA43304" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679953/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" startId="12.[136,229,560,581]" targetBox="[151,1435,190,535]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="12788C40695AFFFB2AFBFDB62CA43304" blockId="12.[136,1451,560,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2AFBFDB6294A3328" bold="true" box="[136,315,560,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">FIGURE 5. A–C:</emphasis>
SEM images of basidiospores of the three new species: 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2929FDB62B033328" bold="true" box="[858,882,560,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB290BFDB62C363328" box="[888,1095,560,581]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactifluus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="umbonatus">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB290BFDB62C363328" box="[888,1095,560,581]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactifluus umbonatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1241, holotype). 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2F5CFDB62D343328" bold="true" box="[1327,1349,560,581]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2F38FDB628BC3304" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactifluus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2F38FDB628BC3304" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactifluus indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1282, holotype). 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BC7FDD229BD3304" bold="true" box="[436,460,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2BA1FDD22AE43304" box="[466,661,596,617]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BA1FDD22AE43304" box="[466,661,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(CAL 1281, holotype). Scale bars: 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2998FDD22C693304" bold="true" box="[1003,1048,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">A–B</emphasis>
= 5 μm; 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2E02FDD22CF33304" bold="true" box="[1137,1154,596,617]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">C</emphasis>
= 2 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="12788C40695AFFFB2ACEFC5B29F4377F" blockId="12.[136,1452,665,1554]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">
Comparison of the ITS sequence generated from 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2963FC5B2B8B329B" box="[784,1018,989,1014]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2963FC5B2B8B329B" box="[784,1018,989,1014]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the sequences available in the GenBank indicates that 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2BE9FB872A5A3577" box="[410,555,1025,1050]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BE9FB872A5A3577" box="[410,555,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a distinct sequence. In a megablast search of the GenBank database using ITS sequence of the species, the closest hit was 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB28EFFBA32B5A3553" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1890" box="[668,811,1061,1086]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hatsudake">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB28EFFBA32B5A3553" box="[668,811,1061,1086]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. hatsudake</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank KF432967; Identities = 610/701 (87 %), Gaps = 36/701 (5 %)) followed by 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2BAEFBCF2A3F350F" box="[477,590,1097,1122]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="horakii">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BAEFBCF2A3F350F" box="[477,590,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. horakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GenBank EF685070; Identities = 608/701 (87 %), Gaps = 36/701 (5 %)). 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2AFBFBEB2A2535EB" authority="Tanaka (1890: 393)" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityPageNumber="393" authorityYear="1890" box="[136,596,1133,1158]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hatsudake">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2AFBFBEB291F35EB" box="[136,366,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius hatsudake</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB2B06FBEB2A2535EB" author="Tanaka, N." box="[373,596,1133,1158]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="392 - 396" refId="ref10251" refString="Tanaka, N. (1890) On Hatsudake and Akahatsu, two species of Japanese edible Fungi. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 4: 392 - 396. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15281 / jplantres 1887.4.392" type="journal article" year="1890">Tanaka (1890: 393)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species originally described from 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695AFFFB2985FBEB2C4735EB" box="[1014,1078,1133,1158]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB2E36FBEB2CA935EB" author="Tanaka, N." box="[1093,1240,1133,1158]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="392 - 396" refId="ref10251" refString="Tanaka, N. (1890) On Hatsudake and Akahatsu, two species of Japanese edible Fungi. Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 4: 392 - 396. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.15281 / jplantres 1887.4.392" type="journal article" year="1890">Tanaka 1890</bibRefCitation>
) and subsequently from 
<collectingCountry id="6AD0CCD0695AFFFB2AB5FB17295B35C7" box="[198,298,1169,1194]" name="Thailand" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB2B49FB17299135C7" author="Le, H. T. &amp; Nuytinck, J. &amp; Verbeken, A. &amp; Lumyong, S. &amp; Desjardin, D. E." box="[314,480,1169,1194]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="173 - 224" refId="ref9010" refString="Le, H. T., Nuytinck, J., Verbeken, A., Lumyong, S. &amp; Desjardin, D. E. (2007) Lactarius in Northern Thailand: 1. Lactarius subgenus Piperites. Fungal Diversity 24: 173 - 224." type="journal article" year="2007">
Le 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2B11FB1729ED35C7" box="[354,412,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
), shows some similarity to 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB296AFB172BDB35C7" box="[793,938,1169,1194]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB296AFB172BDB35C7" box="[793,938,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having zonations in the pileus and similar marginal cells. However, 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2BDCFB332A3335A3" authorityName="Tanaka" authorityYear="1890" box="[431,578,1205,1230]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="hatsudake">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BDCFB332A3335A3" box="[431,578,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. hatsudake</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs in having a larger (up to 
<quantity id="D53F21A5695AFFFB29B0FB332C5335A3" box="[963,1058,1205,1230]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
diam.), papillate, greasy to viscid pileus with red zones and translucent-striate margin, pale reddish to vinaceous red lamellae, a dull red, hollow stipe, a vinaceous red latex, broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with a complete reticulate ornamentation and smaller (42–48 × 7–9 μm) pleurocystidia. 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2BE9FAA72B293457" authority="Nuytinck &amp; Verbeken" authorityName="Nuytinck &amp; Verbeken" box="[410,856,1313,1338]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="horakii">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2BE9FAA72A2C3457" box="[410,605,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius horakii</emphasis>
Nuytinck &amp; Verbeken
</taxonomicName>
(in 
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB29F7FAA72CD53457" author="Nuytinck, J. &amp; Wang, X. H. &amp; Verbeken, A." box="[900,1188,1313,1338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref9592" refString="Nuytinck, J., Wang, X. H. &amp; Verbeken, A. (2006) Descriptions and taxonomy of the Asian representatives of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi. Fungal Diversity 22: 171 - 203." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nuytinck 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2980FAA72C5B3457" box="[1011,1066,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 185
</bibRefCitation>
), an Indonesian species (
<bibRefCitation id="7656F1B1695AFFFB2AFCFAC3290F3433" author="Nuytinck, J. &amp; Wang, X. H. &amp; Verbeken, A." box="[143,382,1349,1374]" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" pagination="171 - 203" refId="ref9592" refString="Nuytinck, J., Wang, X. H. &amp; Verbeken, A. (2006) Descriptions and taxonomy of the Asian representatives of Lactarius sect. Deliciosi. Fungal Diversity 22: 171 - 203." type="journal article" year="2006">
Nuytinck 
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2B71FAC3294A3433" box="[258,315,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), shares a few characters with 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB28A9FAC32B1B3433" box="[730,874,1349,1374]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB28A9FAC32B1B3433" box="[730,874,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
such as a glabrous pileus, short decurrent lamellae and short, clavate to irregularly shaped marginal cells. 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2894FAEF2BDB34EF" box="[743,938,1385,1410]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="horakii">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2894FAEF2BDB34EF" box="[743,938,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">Lactarius horakii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, differs from 
<taxonomicName id="D5C7F7C3695AFFFB2EDCFAEF2D4C34EF" box="[1199,1341,1385,1410]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Lactarius" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="12" pageNumber="73" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="keralensis">
<emphasis id="20B35052695AFFFB2EDCFAEF2D4C34EF" box="[1199,1341,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="73">L. keralensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a reddish brown, plano-convex to deeply infundibuliform pileus with an occasional papilla and a translucent-striate margin, pale pink lamellae that turns green on bruising, a stipe with a whitish mycelial tomentum at the base that becomes green on bruising, a vinaceous red latex, smaller pleurocystidia, abundant pseudocystidia and a lamella edge lacking cheilocystidia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>