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<document id="FB159B375D9DA66FAEF6C9D3DA5AA351" ID-CLB-Dataset="22338" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.425" ID-GBIF-Dataset="845847ee-c68b-49a6-b66f-9bfe7b5e3fcd" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806131" ID-ZooBank="AB5C3414-92EC-4CE3-8963-880E07648D11" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588793040195" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Santos, Erika, Rubal, Marcos, Veiga, Puri, da Rocha, Clélia M. C. &amp; Fontoura, Paulo" docDate="2018" docId="7C4E8E28A278FF979D7F6A4FFE555296" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-425_santos_rubal_veiga.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 425" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser 1959" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="8077F650A268FF859F6C6E0BFFD15401" masterDocTitle="Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698838789444" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EC02D2E5C9B506C8009B2A49A15F3D91">
<mods:title id="3F6FE68DB8051DAA0D5815E21A82F41A">Batillipes (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) from the Portuguese coast with the description of two new species and a new dichotomous key for all species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3BB52BB10E51AFD7AA4567A59FF940F9">Santos, Erika</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7003719AFF777A6B82231FF9DEEF057F" type="LSID">DEA16767-8305-4DB9-9645-A25D78E4859E</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="CCE640EF0CDD7264B5EA128FF42A449F">Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149 - 041 Lisboa, Portugal. CIIMAR / CIMAR, Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S / N, 4450 - 208 Matosinhos Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, S / N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil. 52171 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="517EC48525623B33ADFBFFE1651B4656" type="email">erika.bio@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AF00C1229D7F284E2BDC6CD983733A72" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3A42EFA75EFDD522ED35B3C840AC676C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9068771D528F95A1706322FC6561B5A7">Rubal, Marcos</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="12CB3E948C09611BE83D34773F0A06C1" type="LSID">6301300F-5291-466D-A55E-04F94DB1956A</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="958B04A72928A68550C3C68DE70A80AE">Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149 - 041 Lisboa, Portugal. CIIMAR / CIMAR, Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S / N, 4450 - 208 Matosinhos Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, S / N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil. 52171 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1B2951DCEA08E287B609C2EDACC14262" type="email">mrubal@ciimar.up.pt</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="B47A0DDD6BC357A348C42E6706A87BBE">
<mods:roleTerm id="424DAA345FDAC2676FFA8641DC771D05">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="95CC5D4BF351AE6DA31BE0211EEE7093">Veiga, Puri</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FBB28820A156A5B72F80AE766131920E" type="LSID">9214916F-BCCB-41F1-9360-40FD67E43FE2</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B03015CBA14570BF58827174FC17431F">Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149 - 041 Lisboa, Portugal. CIIMAR / CIMAR, Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S / N, 4450 - 208 Matosinhos Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, S / N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil. 52171 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A7B2F538601CF50679219F63B54BBB89" type="email">puri.sanchez@fc.up.pt</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="A4C07A02A9C6C2698E57902EE80CA22A">da Rocha, Clélia M. C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="76282EB81457BA4E82CE90EFD7022CA0" type="LSID">5EEF4476-86BF-48AB-83AC-2C7077B2C273</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DE5F6F0FDDB9CE062ECCCC0010AA344D" type="email">cavalcanticlelia@yahoo.com.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7C8CB053F4A1BEF51539148EC38C23D6">Fontoura, Paulo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="560CB73AB3B65F06C763F56CE1C6883E" type="LSID">37CD66D6-4527-47C2-BB66-F1A6CF94C4EB</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B2C1EE96BFD03FE41FF50473AD1F95CF">Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007, Porto, Portugal. MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA - Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149 - 041 Lisboa, Portugal. CIIMAR / CIMAR, Laboratory of Coastal Biodiversity, Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S / N, 4450 - 208 Matosinhos Portugal. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Manoel de Medeiros, S / N, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brasil. 52171 - 090.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F21DD803E05B2E7EDC38496B044AED65" type="email">pfontoura@fc.up.pt</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FD252AF39D7BAD51D282639F88DB02A9">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="948893E5DDB548AAA05F68553049B519">
<mods:date id="B3FBCE44867954D360A6C88AE5CFD95F">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="F648C80E9F5B86866923CFD079AA6CBE" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CA86C796C718C6F55330F0D36AC0BCDC">2018-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5DB707ADB392A09A04FE89C62ACE0DC8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F8323E660C71CA97DFF60BD1248A885D">425</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="781939CD4C52212139A00393EF194736">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="420260BE2EAD934D65E4FE0BBEE121CA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="855FE95F655D9F2F62156F23592FD1DA" type="CLB-Dataset">22338</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C53A797BFF0718E65ED8CDC67D8EAF9E" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.425</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="423A015B0AD29C5D6C583B25AEE43F9B" type="Zenodo-Dep">3806131</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CD1C0D7B38D503EBF7F1F1DE52C21588" type="ZooBank">AB5C3414-92EC-4CE3-8963-880E07648D11</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7C4E8E28A278FF979D7F6A4FFE555296" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816369" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163971343" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3816369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7C4E8E28A278FF979D7F6A4FFE555296" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7C4E8E28A278FF979D7F6A4FFE555296" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="BCFD6CB5A278FF959D7F6A4FFBF0505E" box="[531,1057,1092,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959D7F6A4FFBF0505E" blockId="16.[531,1057,1092,1154]" box="[531,1057,1092,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="AF108852A278FF959D7F6A4FFBF0505E" box="[531,1057,1092,1119]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA278FF959D7F6A4FFBF0505E" ID-CoL="KYT6" authority="Renaud-Debyser, 1959" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[531,1057,1092,1119]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959D7F6A4FFCDD505E" bold="true" box="[531,780,1092,1119]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Batillipes phreaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA278FF959C7F6A4EFBF0505E" author="Renaud-Debyser J." box="[787,1057,1092,1119]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17798" refString="Renaud-Debyser J. 1959. Sur quelques tardigrades du bassin d'Arcachon. Vie et Milieu 10: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Renaud-Debyser, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCFD6CB5A278FF959D946A63FCED5083" box="[760,828,1128,1154]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959D946A63FCED5083" blockId="16.[531,1057,1092,1154]" box="[760,828,1128,1154]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959D946A63FCED5083" box="[760,828,1128,1154]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCFD6CB5A278FF959FD16AA2FB44534E" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD16AA2FE7B50C2" blockId="16.[189,426,1193,1219]" box="[189,426,1193,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="AF108852A278FF959FD16AA2FE7B50C2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1193,1219]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959FD16AA2FE7B50C2" bold="true" box="[189,426,1193,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD16AD3FAB851A3" blockId="16.[189,1399,1238,1443]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<materialsCitation id="448F3563A278FF959FD16AD3FAB851A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610639301" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA278FF959FD16AD3FE8C50F3" box="[189,349,1240,1266]" name="Portugal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PORTUGAL</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♂, collected at Ilha de Tavira Beach, mounted in glycerol (slide C.10-79);
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959A606AD3FAA750F3" box="[1292,1398,1240,1266]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="juvenile">1 juvenil</specimenCount>
collected at Baleal Sul Beach, mounted in PVA (slide C.10-13);
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959CCC6AF0FBEC5114" box="[928,1085,1275,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">34 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959B206AF0FB4F5117" box="[1100,1182,1275,1302]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">22 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 8 ♂♂,
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959B946AF0FAA65114" box="[1272,1399,1275,1301]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="juvenile">3 juveniles</specimenCount>
and 1 four-toed larva), collected at Meia-Praia Beach, mounted in glycerol (slides C.VII.89, C.IX.1, C.IX-2; C.IX-37–C.IX-39, C.IX-41–C.IX-43, C.IX-47, C.IX-50–C.IX-52, C.IX-55–C.IX-58, C.IX- 60–C.IX-64, C.IX-66, C.IX-67);
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959D296B6FFD22517E" box="[581,755,1380,1407]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">116 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959C6F6B6EFC86517E" box="[771,855,1381,1407]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="female">42 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, 37 ♂♂,
<specimenCount id="E2E1F4B7A278FF959CAB6B6EFB86517E" box="[967,1111,1381,1407]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="juvenile">33 juveniles</specimenCount>
and 4 four-toed larvae), collected at Vasco da Gama Beach, mounted in glycerol (slides C.IX-75–C.IX-86, C.IX-88–C.IX-98).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD16BC2FE4751E2" blockId="16.[189,406,1481,1507]" box="[189,406,1481,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="AF108852A278FF959FD16BC2FE4751E2" bold="true" box="[189,406,1481,1507]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959FD16BC2FE4751E2" bold="true" box="[189,406,1481,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Short description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD16BF3FB44534E" blockId="16.[189,1399,1528,1871]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Distinct head separated from the body by a neck constriction followed by well-developed lateral processes (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959E2D6810FE735234" box="[321,418,1563,1589]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Eyes not observed in mounted specimens. Caudal apparatus constituted by one major pointed spine surrounded, at its base, by a crown of small accessory spines (2 to 6) (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959A666835FAB95259" box="[1290,1384,1598,1624]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Paired internal and external cephalic cirri and median cirrus all with lance-like tips. Surface of primary clavae with black punctations, sharing the same pedestal with the lateral cirri
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959B23688EFBB0529E" box="[1103,1121,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
, that also have a lancelike tip. Papillar secondary clavae present. Dorsal cuticle shows fine punctuation, with pillars uniformly distributed. Single sharp conical body projections between legs III and IV (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959B0E68C0FB1352E4" box="[1122,1218,1739,1765]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Lateral body projections between the first three pairs of legs often indistinct. When present, they are blunt between legs I–II and triangular between legs II–III. Dorsal cirri
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959C216919FC8E532A" box="[845,863,1810,1835]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
present. Sensory spines on all legs, longer on legs IV (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959E4E693EFEAF534E" box="[290,382,1845,1871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Middle toes (3 and 4) on feet of legs IV (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA278FF959C18693EFC1F534E" box="[884,974,1845,1871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
) equal in length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCFD6CB5A278FF949FD1697DFAC755B9" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD1697DFE875391" blockId="16.[189,342,1910,1936]" box="[189,342,1910,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="AF108852A278FF959FD1697DFE875391" bold="true" box="[189,342,1910,1936]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA278FF959FD1697DFE875391" bold="true" box="[189,342,1910,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA278FF959FD169AEFAA753E3" blockId="16.[189,1398,1957,2018]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Interstitial species recorded in the Eastern Atlantic region (Atlantic Ocean, North Sea, Irish Sea and Celtic Sea) and in the Mediterranean Basin (Balearic and Ionian Seas) where it has been recorded,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16F00FB315549" blockId="17.[189,1398,267,329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
mostly intertidally, but also subtidally (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949DE86F00FC435527" author="Kaczmarek L. &amp; Bartels P. J. &amp; Roszkowska M. &amp; Nelson D. R." box="[644,914,267,294]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 189" refId="ref17167" refString="Kaczmarek L., Bartels P. J., Roszkowska M. &amp; Nelson D. R. 2015. The zoogeography of marine Tardigrada. Zootaxa 4037 (1): 1 - 189. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4037.1.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Kaczmarek
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949C7E6F07FC955524" box="[786,836,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949CC86F00FB475524" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[932,1174,267,293]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949CC86F00FB475524" box="[932,1174,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Batillipes phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from the Galician coast, NW Spain (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949D4B6F25FD255548" author="Veiga P. &amp; Rubal M. &amp; Besteiro C." box="[551,756,302,329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="57 - 63" refId="ref18251" refString="Veiga P., Rubal M. &amp; Besteiro C. 2009. Primera cita de Orzeliscus belopus Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1952 (Tardigrada, Arthrotardigrada) para la Peninsula Iberica, con notas sobre otros tardigrados encontrados en las rias de O Barqueiro y Foz (Galicia, NO Peninsula Iberica). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural Seccion Biologica 103 (1 - 4): 57 - 63." type="journal article" year="2009">
Veiga
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949D1F6F24FD765548" box="[627,679,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), but this is the first record from
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA279FF949B196F25FB0D5549" box="[1141,1244,302,328]" name="Portugal" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Portugal</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16F7BFE71558B" blockId="17.[189,416,368,394]" box="[189,416,368,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="AF108852A279FF949FD16F7BFE71558B" bold="true" box="[189,416,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949FD16F7BFE71558B" bold="true" box="[189,416,368,394]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Associated species</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16F94FAC755B9" blockId="17.[189,1302,414,441]" box="[189,1302,414,441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949FD16F94FE7D55B8" authorityName="Grimaldi de Zio, Morone De Lucia, D'Addabbo Gallo &amp; Grimaldi" authorityYear="1979" box="[189,428,415,441]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="adriaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949FD16F94FE7D55B8" box="[189,428,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Batillipes adriaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949ED66F94FDA255B8" authority="Santos &amp; Rubal &amp; Veiga &amp; da Rocha &amp; Fontoura, 2018" authorityName="Santos &amp; Rubal &amp; Veiga &amp; da Rocha &amp; Fontoura" authorityYear="2018" box="[442,627,415,441]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="algharbensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949ED66F94FDA255B8" box="[442,627,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. algharbensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDA05E57A279FF949D166F94FD0655B8" box="[634,727,415,441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949D8F6F94FCBC55B8" authority="Santos &amp; Rubal &amp; Veiga &amp; da Rocha &amp; Fontoura, 2018" authorityName="Santos &amp; Rubal &amp; Veiga &amp; da Rocha &amp; Fontoura" authorityYear="2018" box="[739,877,415,441]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="lusitanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949D8F6F94FCBC55B8" box="[739,877,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. lusitanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DDA05E57A279FF949C196F94FC0355B8" box="[885,978,415,441]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949CB16F94FB8A55B8" authorityName="Marcus" authorityYear="1946" box="[989,1115,415,441]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="pennaki">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949CB16F94FB8A55B8" box="[989,1115,415,441]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. pennaki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949BF86F94FAC755B9" box="[1172,1302,415,440]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949BF86F94FAC255B9" authorityName="Renaud-Mornant &amp; Deroux" authorityYear="1976" box="[1172,1299,415,440]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Halechiniscidae" genus="Halechiniscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="greveni">H. greveni</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCFD6CB5A279FF979FD16FEBFE555296" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16FEBFEFE55FB" blockId="17.[189,303,480,506]" box="[189,303,480,506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="AF108852A279FF949FD16FEBFEFE55FB" bold="true" box="[189,303,480,506]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="3">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949FD16FEBFEFE55FB" bold="true" box="[189,303,480,506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16C04FAEF564C" blockId="17.[189,1398,526,589]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
In the original description of
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949D4E6C04FD115628" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[546,704,527,553]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949D4E6C04FD115628" box="[546,704,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Arcachon Bay,
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA279FF949CAA6C04FBC75628" box="[966,1046,527,553]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">France</collectingCountry>
(Celtic Sea), the presence of lateral body projections between the first three pair of legs is not referred (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949B4F6C39FAE0564C" author="Renaud-Debyser J." box="[1059,1329,562,589]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17798" refString="Renaud-Debyser J. 1959. Sur quelques tardigrades du bassin d'Arcachon. Vie et Milieu 10: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Renaud-Debyser 1959</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16C78FE0E56F9" blockId="17.[189,1399,627,760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Concerning toes,
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949EE06C78FD76568F" author="Renaud-Debyser J." box="[396,679,627,654]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17798" refString="Renaud-Debyser J. 1959. Sur quelques tardigrades du bassin d'Arcachon. Vie et Milieu 10: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Renaud-Debyser (1959)</bibRefCitation>
states that they are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949B036C7FFB24568C" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[1135,1269,627,653]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949B036C7FFB24568C" box="[1135,1269,627,653]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B. littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(also from Arcachon Bay), which are described in the same publication as having stalks of different lengths. However, the relative size of toes and details of the arrangement among feet were not referred by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949FD16CD6FE0A56F9" author="Renaud-Debyser J." box="[189,475,733,760]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17798" refString="Renaud-Debyser J. 1959. Sur quelques tardigrades du bassin d'Arcachon. Vie et Milieu 10: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Renaud-Debyser (1959)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A0986FB6A279FF949FD16956FD6C53E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" targetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA279FF949FD16956FD6C53E0" blockId="17.[189,1399,1885,2017]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949FD16956FEDB5376" bold="true" box="[189,266,1885,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA279FF949E7D6956FCCA5379" authority="Renaud-Debyser, 1959" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[273,795,1885,1912]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949E7D6956FDD55376" box="[273,516,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Batillipes phreaticus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA279FF949D676956FCCA5379" author="Renaud-Debyser J." box="[523,795,1885,1912]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="135 - 146" refId="ref17798" refString="Renaud-Debyser J. 1959. Sur quelques tardigrades du bassin d'Arcachon. Vie et Milieu 10: 135 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Renaud-Debyser, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949C4A6956FC8E5376" bold="true" box="[806,863,1885,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A–C</emphasis>
. Portuguese specimens.
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949BEC6956FB445376" bold="true" box="[1152,1173,1885,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
. Anterior region of the body.
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949E41698BFE90539B" bold="true" box="[301,321,1920,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ.
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949BA8698BFB08539B" bold="true" box="[1220,1241,1920,1946]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
. Detail of the fourth feet.
<emphasis id="C693E32CA279FF949E2869AFFE8853BF" bold="true" box="[324,345,1956,1982]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA27AFF979FD16F00FC2F56CD" blockId="18.[189,1399,267,716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Specimens from
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA27AFF979EEA6F00FE3A5524" box="[390,491,267,293]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">England</collectingCountry>
, Filey Beach and Stoup Beck Beach, Yorkshire, collected by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979BAA6F00FAA65524" author="Pollock L. W." box="[1222,1399,267,293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and from
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA27AFF979E436F24FE4C5548" box="[303,413,303,329]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Germany</collectingCountry>
, Elbe Estuary (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979D226F25FD2C5548" author="Riemann F." box="[590,765,302,329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref17886" refString="Riemann F. 1966. Die interstitielle Faune in Elbe-Aestuar. Verbreitung und Systematik. Archiv f u r Hydrobiologie Supplementband 31: 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1966">Riemann 1966</bibRefCitation>
) attributed to
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979CCF6F24FBEF5548" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[931,1086,303,329]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979CCF6F24FBEF5548" box="[931,1086,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, differed from the original description in some morphometric aspects and in having lateral body projections often present (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979A776F59FF2D558E" author="Pollock L. W." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover,
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979EE26F7EFDEA558E" author="Pollock L. W." box="[398,571,373,399]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
noticed that in English specimens, the middle toes (toes 3 and 4) on feet of legs IV were equal in length. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979DE46F93FBAE55B3" author="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S." box="[648,1151,408,434]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="387 - 399" refId="ref18328" refString="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S. 1993. Redescription and ecology of Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (Arthrotardigrada, Batillipedidae) in the Gulf of Valencia (western Mediterranean). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 34: 387 - 399." type="journal article" year="1993">Villora-Moreno &amp; de Zio Grimaldi (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, based on specimens collected on sandy beaches from the Mediterranean Sea (Balearic Sea), provided a redescription of the species, confirming the differences mentioned by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979C746FD5FC1C55F8" author="Pollock L. W." box="[792,973,478,505]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
, regarding the original description: presence in adult specimens of a ventro-lateral body projection between legs II and III, and middle toes on feet of legs IV equal in length (toe pattern group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979C416C2EFCEE563E" box="[813,831,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979C236C2EFC2F563E" author="Pollock L. W." box="[847,1022,549,575]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="38 - 52" refId="ref17583" refString="Pollock L. W. 1970 a. Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 89 (1): 38 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224613" type="journal article" year="1970">Pollock 1970a</bibRefCitation>
). Despite his own observations,
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979FD16C43FEBE5663" author="Pollock L. W." box="[189,367,584,610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
did not correct his proposal from 1970 of three different patterns of toe arrangement within
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979E7E6C60FE535684" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1909" box="[274,386,619,645]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979E7E6C60FE535684" box="[274,386,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Batillipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, having included
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979DD16C67FC8A5684" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[701,859,619,645]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979DD16C67FC8A5684" box="[701,859,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979CB96C67FC365684" box="[981,999,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
, which considers middle toes on feet of legs IV of different length and toe 1 equal to 3, while
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979CEF6C84FBD856A8" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[899,1033,655,681]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979CEF6C84FBD856A8" box="[899,1033,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been included in group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979A0F6C84FAA656A8" box="[1379,1399,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
(middle toes on feet of legs IV of different length and toe 2 equal to 4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA27AFF979FD16CF8FE5E579B" blockId="18.[189,1399,755,922]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The system of toe arrangement patterns on the fourth feet of species of
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979B696CF8FBA4570C" authorityName="Richters" authorityYear="1909" box="[1029,1141,755,781]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979B696CF8FBA4570C" box="[1029,1141,755,781]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Batillipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species was modified by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979F8E6D1DFD825731" author="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S." box="[226,595,790,816]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref17249" refString="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S. 2000. First record of the marine Tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum 33 (2): 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="2000">Kristensen &amp; Mackness (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, who proposed a fourth group (group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979B786D1CFBF85731" box="[1044,1065,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
, constituted by species with middle toes of different length and also different from all the other toes). As previously proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979FD16D56FEAB5776" author="Pollock L. W." box="[189,378,861,887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="38 - 52" refId="ref17583" refString="Pollock L. W. 1970 a. Batillipes dicrocercus n. sp., Stygarctus granulatus n. sp. and other Tardigrada from Woods Hole, Massachusetts, U. S. A. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 89 (1): 38 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3224613" type="journal article" year="1970">Pollock (1970a)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979EEF6D55FDCD5776" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[387,540,861,887]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979EEF6D55FDCD5776" box="[387,540,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979D3C6D55FD025776" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[592,723,861,887]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979D3C6D55FD025776" box="[592,723,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were kept in groups
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979CD16D55FC1E5776" box="[957,975,862,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979B6F6D56FBC65776" box="[1027,1047,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
, respectively, by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979BB16D56FE5D579B" author="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref17249" refString="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S. 2000. First record of the marine Tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum 33 (2): 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="2000">Kristensen &amp; Mackness (2000)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA27AFF979FD16DCAFD5D5118" blockId="18.[189,1399,961,1305]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Taking into account the taxonomic importance of those characters (
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979CB26DCAFAEC57DD" author="Gallo D'Addabbo M. &amp; D'Addabbo R. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S." box="[990,1341,961,988]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="329 - 330" refId="ref16811" refString="Gallo D'Addabbo M., D'Addabbo R. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S. 2000. Redescription of Batillipes dicrocercus Pollock, 1970 and revision of the genus Batillipes (Tardigrada, Heterotardigrada). Zoologischer Anzeiger 239: 329 - 330." type="journal article" year="2000">
Gallo D’Addabbo
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979BD66DC9FB3E57DA" box="[1210,1263,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
), the examination of
<typeStatus id="2B5C819CA27AFF979E106DEEFE7E57FE" box="[380,431,997,1023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material of those two species deposited in the collection of the MNHN was of primordial importance. This examination showed that the toe pattern of the fourth feet of
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979B836A02FAA75023" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[1263,1398,1032,1058]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="littoralis">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979B836A02FAA75023" box="[1263,1398,1032,1058]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. littoralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
perfectly matches the group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979D616A27FDF35044" box="[525,546,1068,1093]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979DAF6A20FBE65044" author="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S." box="[707,1079,1067,1093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref17249" refString="Kristensen R. M. &amp; Mackness B. S. 2000. First record of the marine Tardigrade genus Batillipes (Arthrotardigrada: Batillipedidae) from South Australia with a description of a new species. Records of the South Australian Museum 33 (2): 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="2000">Kristensen &amp; Mackness (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Concerning
<taxonomicName id="33E744BDA27AFF979BBF6A27FABE5044" authorityName="Renaud-Debyser" authorityYear="1959" box="[1235,1391,1067,1093]" class="Heterotardigrada" family="Batillipedidae" genus="Batillipes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arthrotardigrada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tardigrada" rank="species" species="phreaticus">
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979BBF6A27FABE5044" box="[1235,1391,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. phreaticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite the poor condition of the specimen, the middle toes of the fourth feet seem to be equal in length and shorter than all the other, from which, toes 2 and 5 are the longest and about the same length, and toes 1 and 6, also similar in size and of intermediate length (toe pattern of group
<emphasis id="C693E32CA27AFF979B306A9EFBBF50AE" box="[1116,1134,1173,1199]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
). One of the examined specimens from
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA27AFF979EEE6AB3FE3850D3" box="[386,489,1208,1234]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Scotland</collectingCountry>
collected by Pollock in 1981 also exhibits the middle toes of the fourth feet equal in length (
<figureCitation id="6CDC23BBA27AFF979EEC6AD0FE3150F4" box="[384,480,1243,1269]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1885,1911]" captionTargetBox="[189,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[187,1397,905,1839]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 8. Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959. A–C. Portuguese specimens. A. Anterior region of the body. B. Posterior region of the body, black arrow indicates fourth leg sensory organ. C. Detail of the fourth feet. D. Detail of the fourth feet showing the toe arrangement pattern of a specimen from Scotland in Pollock’s collection. Scale bars = 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806157" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806157/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
). Unfortunately, this character was not visible in the other Scottish specimen deposited in the MNHN (slide AR607).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4583F3EA27AFF979FD16B4BFE555296" blockId="18.[189,1399,1344,1687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Therefore, specimens from the Portuguese coast match with observations of
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979B5A6B4BFB34515B" author="Pollock L. W." box="[1078,1253,1344,1370]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and Villora- Moreno &amp; de Zio Grimaldi (1993). Ventro-lateral body projections between legs I–III were not observed in the
<typeStatus id="2B5C819CA27AFF979E656B8CFEED51A0" box="[265,316,1415,1441]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
specimen, neither in the Scottish specimens. However, according to
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979B1E6B8DFAF351A1" author="Pollock L. W." box="[1138,1314,1414,1440]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="93 - 103" refId="ref17675" refString="Pollock L. W. 1971. On some British marine Tardigrada, including two new species of Batillipes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 51: 93 - 103. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400006482" type="journal article" year="1971">Pollock (1971)</bibRefCitation>
and as observed in Portuguese specimens, these lateral projections can be absent in some specimens or, as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979E436BC7FCF751E6" author="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S." box="[303,806,1484,1511]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="387 - 399" refId="ref18328" refString="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S. 1993. Redescription and ecology of Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (Arthrotardigrada, Batillipedidae) in the Gulf of Valencia (western Mediterranean). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 34: 387 - 399." type="journal article" year="1993">Villora-Moreno &amp; de Zio Grimaldi (1993)</bibRefCitation>
, are indistinct as a result of slide preparation. It is important to remark that in a few adult specimens from
<collectingCountry id="8CF07FAEA27AFF979C266BFBFC7C520B" box="[842,941,1520,1546]" name="Portugal" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Portugal</collectingCountry>
(three specimens from Vasco da Gama Beach and six from Portinho da Arrábida Beach) the main caudal spine was inserted on a wide conical base, lacking the basal crown of small accessory spines as it occurs in juveniles. This ontogenetic variability of the morphology of the caudal appendage was also referred by
<bibRefCitation id="907642CFA27AFF979B256852FE515296" author="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S." pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="387 - 399" refId="ref18328" refString="Villora-Moreno S. &amp; de Zio Grimaldi S. 1993. Redescription and ecology of Batillipes phreaticus Renaud-Debyser, 1959 (Arthrotardigrada, Batillipedidae) in the Gulf of Valencia (western Mediterranean). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 34: 387 - 399." type="journal article" year="1993">Villora-Moreno &amp; de Zio Grimaldi (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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