296 lines
32 KiB
XML
296 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="ED7079F7B368021762432422BAB404FB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.211943" ID-GBIF-Dataset="20204b0b-b777-457b-b514-786cdb8b2be7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="211943" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460480525392" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Boza-Oviedo, Eduardo, Rovito, Sean M., Chaves, Gerardo, García-Rodríguez, Adrián, Artavia, Luis G., Bolaños, Federico & Wake, David B." docDate="2012" docId="547D87DCFF84FFB8FF1E16CDF210D65E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03309p061.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3309" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bolitoglossa aureogularis Boza-Oviedo, Rovito, Chaves, García-Rodríguez, Artavia, Bolaños & Wake, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="A844FFA4FF8DFFB2FF89165AF648D36E" masterDocTitle="Salamanders from the eastern Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptions of five new species (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa, Nototriton, and Oedipina) and natural history notes from recent expeditions" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698307632313" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F99028811810BB0CDB259A7748192F21">Salamanders from the eastern Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptions of five new species (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa, Nototriton, and Oedipina) and natural history notes from recent expeditions</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2C51A5C8578CEAD08E5728C128919195">Boza-Oviedo, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="43828BD82FA5A943C7FE504399EA3ABD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A55DA218408928C49FB2081112E3DB1E">Rovito, Sean M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55DB206E585E6C2E99B49B433D98B719">Chaves, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="0EFCE7A83D39A6ED817A6D5A0AA28384">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F6F000EF986062470825EFBFD864AF76">García-Rodríguez, Adrián</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="665ACA7B6D0ECF1EC4534E2A93F579B9">Artavia, Luis G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5808A5379238077CE6490C18D6B9ECFB">Bolaños, Federico</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4345293A414B15945DFADFD19C28288B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DCB4062A4C2A03C2DB101EBC1EA820F1">Wake, David B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3D818BC67DD78BCD1FE0EE9E101235E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="34C10D91FF7FC1EF7EF8AA0CC4E3C49C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="2C0627A72FF02E7F256F051D65C20B07" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.211943</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="547D87DCFF84FFB8FF1E16CDF210D65E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5621474" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119517065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5621474" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:547D87DCFF84FFB8FF1E16CDF210D65E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/547D87DCFF84FFB8FF1E16CDF210D65E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="94CE6541FF84FFBBFF1E16CDF6BDD398" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF1E16CDF47AD3DF" blockId="9.[151,609,151,246]" box="[151,562,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="872381A6FF84FFBBFF1E16CDF47AD3DF" bold="true" box="[151,562,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF1E16CDF47AD3DF" bold="true" box="[151,562,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFF1E16CDF785D3DF" ID-CoL="MDN7" box="[151,461,151,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogularis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF1E16CDF785D3DF" bold="true" box="[151,461,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Bolitoglossa aureogularis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="F59357A3FF84FFBBFE5D16CDF47AD3DF" box="[468,562,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF1E16E0F6BDD398" blockId="9.[151,609,151,246]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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Yellow-throated Web-footed Salamander
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<figureCitation id="44EF2A4FFF84FFBBFF1E1684F6BDD398" box="[151,245,222,246]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,806,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,806,1388]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. A) Dorsal and B) ventral views of holotype (UCR 19893) of Bolitoglossa aureogularis in life. C) Paratype (UCR 19857) of B. aureogularis in life. D) Dorsal view of right hand and E) right foot of holotype. Photos A, B and C by E. Boza-Oviedo and Roney Samaniego, D and E by Adrián García-Rodríguez. The bar in hand and feet are 1 mm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211946/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="94CE6541FF84FFBBFF1E177DF4C3D29C" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF1E177DF5BAD2E8" blockId="9.[151,1436,294,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF1E177DF743D251" bold="true" box="[151,267,295,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="036F8868FF84FFBBFF1E177DF74ED251" box="[151,262,295,319]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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UCR 19893, an adult female from along the Río Coén on the Trans-Talamancan trail near Cerro Arbolado (
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<geoCoordinate id="B9E0500DFF84FFBBFF5F1710F703D20C" box="[214,331,330,354]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" precision="5" value="9.3925">9.3925º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B9E0500DFF84FFBBFEDF1710F794D20C" box="[342,476,330,354]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" precision="5" value="-83.2119">83.2119º W</geoCoordinate>
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) at an elevation of
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||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFD3A1710F540D20C" box="[691,776,330,354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
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approximately
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<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFC3E1710F5B8D20C" box="[951,1008,330,354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
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N of the continental divide, Provincia de Limón,
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<collectingCountry id="A4C3765AFF84FFBBFE981734F7C6D2E8" box="[273,398,366,390]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected by Eduardo Boza-Oviedo on
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<date id="A86A100AFF84FFBBFCC41734F5A6D2E8" box="[845,1006,366,390]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="2007-03-01">1 March 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF4017C9F4C3D29C" blockId="9.[151,1436,294,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF4017C9F700D2C5" bold="true" box="[201,328,403,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<typeStatus id="036F8868FF84FFBBFF4017C9F70BD2C5" box="[201,323,403,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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UCR 19892, same data as
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<typeStatus id="036F8868FF84FFBBFD0B17C8F4A0D2C4" box="[642,744,402,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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; UCR 19857–59 (
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<specimenCount id="CAD2FD43FF84FFBBFC3117C8F20FD2C4" box="[952,1095,402,426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
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),
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||
<geoCoordinate id="B9E0500DFF84FFBBFBD517C8F299D2C4" box="[1116,1233,402,426]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" precision="5" value="9.3416">9.3416º N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="B9E0500DFF84FFBBFB5717C8F310D2C4" box="[1246,1368,402,426]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" precision="55" value="-83.232">83.232º W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFAED17C8F6E7D2A0" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.102" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="2102.0">2102 m</quantity>
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, in headwaters area of Río Coén, about
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<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFDE717ECF4EFD2A0" box="[622,679,438,462]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
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N continental divide, Provincia de Limón,
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<collectingCountry id="A4C3765AFF84FFBBFB0517ECF341D2A0" box="[1164,1289,438,462]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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||
, collected by Eduardo Boza-Oviedo on
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<date id="A86A100AFF84FFBBFE351780F4CFD29C" box="[444,647,474,498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" value="2007-02-22">22 February 2007</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="94CE6541FF84FFBBFF4017A4F4BFD180" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF4017A4F4BFD180" blockId="9.[151,1436,294,750]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF4017A4F774D179" bold="true" box="[201,316,510,535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFE5117A4F42CD178" box="[472,612,510,534]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFE5117A4F42CD178" box="[472,612,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because it lacks a sublingual fold (
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<bibRefCitation id="B8454B3BFF84FFBBFC7817A4F299D178" author="Wake" box="[1009,1233,510,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Wake, D. B. & Elias, P. (1983) New genera and a new species of Central American salamanders, with a review of the tropical genera (Amphibia, Caudata, Plethodontidae). Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 345, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1983">
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<collectingCountry id="A4C3765AFF84FFBBFC7817A4F27AD178" box="[1009,1074,510,534]" name="Wake Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Wake</collectingCountry>
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& Elias 1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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), and to subgenus
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF1E1479F6B4D155" box="[151,252,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Eladinea</emphasis>
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based on mtDNA sequence data. A medium-sized member of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFBAA1479F2E7D155" box="[1059,1199,547,571]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFBAA1479F2E7D155" box="[1059,1199,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(subgenus
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFAA41479F3DAD155" box="[1325,1426,547,571]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Eladinea</emphasis>
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) with moderate webbing of the digits of the hands and feet that differs from all other species in the genus by its unique coloration (
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<figureCitation id="44EF2A4FFF84FFBBFEF81430F7FFD1EC" box="[369,439,618,642]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,806,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,806,1388]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. A) Dorsal and B) ventral views of holotype (UCR 19893) of Bolitoglossa aureogularis in life. C) Paratype (UCR 19857) of B. aureogularis in life. D) Dorsal view of right hand and E) right foot of holotype. Photos A, B and C by E. Boza-Oviedo and Roney Samaniego, D and E by Adrián García-Rodríguez. The bar in hand and feet are 1 mm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211946/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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) of reddish tan to yellow dorsal coloration with black flanks and a venter marked by bright yellow gular and yellow-brown chest regions, with a pair of dirty white patches on the ventrolateral surfaces of the posterior venter. In comparison to members of the
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFCAE14EEF5FAD1A5" box="[807,946,691,715]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFCAE14EEF5FAD1A5" box="[807,946,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">B. robinsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFC3214E8F256D1A4" box="[955,1054,690,714]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Oedipina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="complex">complex</taxonomicName>
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, this species is much smaller and more slender, in addition to the coloration differences.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="88AB6642FF84FFBBFF1E13DEF30ED6B9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211946/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[151,1436,806,1386]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF1E13DEF30ED6B9" blockId="9.[151,1436,1412,1495]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF1E13DEF75FD6F7" bold="true" box="[151,279,1412,1435]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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A) Dorsal and B) ventral views of holotype (UCR19893) of
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFC3F13DEF28AD6F4" box="[950,1218,1412,1434]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogularis">
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<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFC3F13DEF28AD6F4" box="[950,1218,1412,1434]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Bolitoglossa aureogularis</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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in life. C) Paratype (UCR19857) of
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<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFEB613FEF797D6D7" box="[319,479,1443,1465]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFEB613FEF797D6D7" box="[319,479,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">B. aureogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. D) Dorsal view of right hand and E) right foot of holotype. Photos A, B and C by E. Boza-Oviedo and Roney Samaniego, D and E by Adrián García-Rodríguez. The bar in hand and feet are 1 mm length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94CE6541FF84FFB8FF4013A4F52FD011" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF84FFBBFF4013A4F777D4CD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1534,1955]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFF4013A4F71CD579" bold="true" box="[201,340,1534,1559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. A slender species of moderate size compared to other members of its genus. SL of
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF84FFBBFA8013A5F326D579" box="[1289,1390,1535,1559]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the only adult specimen available (
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFD891079F425D555" box="[512,621,1571,1595]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="48.8">48.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
), nearly identical to that of its close geographic neighbor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFA991079F74CD531" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFA991079F74CD531" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Bolitoglossa splendida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and close to mean value of such Talamancan species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFC0F1012F243D531" box="[902,1035,1607,1631]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pesrubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFC0F1012F243D531" box="[902,1035,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">B. pesrubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFB921012F693D5ED" authority="Garcia-Paris et al. 2008" authorityName="Garcia-Paris et al." authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subpalmata">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFB921012F2F6D531" box="[1051,1214,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">B. subpalmata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8454B3BFF84FFBBFB44101DF69BD5ED" author="Garcia-Paris" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Garcia-Paris, M., Parra-Olea, G., & Wake, D. B. (2008) Description of a new species of the Bolitoglossa subpalmata group (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Costa Rica. Herpetological Journal, 18, 23 - 31." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
García-París
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFAEA1012F3D4D531" box="[1379,1436,1607,1631]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF84FFBBFE951036F7C6D5ED" box="[284,398,1644,1667]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gomezi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFE951036F7C6D5ED" box="[284,398,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">B. gomezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8454B3BFF84FFBBFE291031F427D5ED" author="Wake" box="[416,623,1643,1667]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Wake, D. B., Savage, J. M., & Hanken, J. (2007) Montane salamanders from the Costa Rica-Panama border region, with descriptions of two new species of Bolitoglossa. Copeia, 2007, 556 - 565." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4C3765AFF84FFBBFE291031F7A9D5ED" box="[416,481,1643,1667]" name="Wake Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF84FFBBFE651036F46FD5ED" box="[492,551,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Tail slender but relatively short (tip broken). Head narrow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8454B3BFF84FFBBFAB31031F760D5C9" author="Wake" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Wake, D. B. & Brame, A. H., Jr. (1972) New species of salamanders (genus Bolitoglossa) from Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum, Los Angeles County, 219, 1 - 34." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A4C3765AFF84FFBBFAB31031F333D5ED" box="[1338,1403,1643,1667]" name="Wake Island" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
& Brame 1972
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); SL/HW = 8.0. Relatively short snout broadly rounded. Small nostrils are typical for this genus. Nasolabial protuberances not pronounced; paler than surroundings and appear to be pigmented with white. Eyes small, do not protrude beyond lateral margins of head, not visible in ventral view. Teeth moderate in size and numerous (57 MT, 6 PMT, 27 VT). Limbs relatively short with LI of 3.5. Hands and feet moderate in size; FW =
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF84FFBBFF1E1145F6B8D459" box="[151,240,1823,1847]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Digits well-differentiated but short and knob-like with distinct subdigital pads on longer digits. Webbing, reaching between first and second phalangeal articulations of longest digits; webbing more extensive in foot than in hand. Fingers, in order of decreasing length, are 3-4-2-1; toes are 3-4-2-5-1. Postiliac glands pale and inconspicuous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF4016C2F696D272" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF4016C2F34AD3DE" bold="true" box="[201,1282,151,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Measurements (in mm), limb interval and tooth counts of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FB9716C2F2CDD3DE" box="[1054,1157,152,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="91560371FF87FFB8FB1C16CDF2BBD3DE" box="[1173,1267,151,176]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,235,1016,1037]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,1107,1864]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements for specimens used in description of new species, as well as other specimens collected on Talamancan expeditions used for comparison to new taxa." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/88AB6642FF8AFFB5FF1E15A2F4C4D75F" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="88AB6642FF8AFFB5FF1E15A2F4C4D75F">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
HW 6.1, SG 10.1, HD 2.3, EW 1.3, EL 2.7, ES 1.7, ED 2.2, IC 3.5, IO 2.4, SF 12.5, IN 1.5, SP 0.4, SW 4.8, SL 48.8, SAV 45.0, AX 26.2, LI 6.5, FLL 9.3, HLL 10.2, HAW 3.3, FW 4.3, T5 0.9, T3 1.4. Numbers of teeth: PMT 6, MT 29/28, VT 13/14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF40177DF5B2D131" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF40177DF4E4D22E" bold="true" box="[201,684,295,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FE101772F448D22E" box="[409,512,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
in life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="44EF2A4FFF87FFB8FDD1177DF4D5D22E" box="[600,669,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1412,1435]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,806,1386]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,806,1388]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. A) Dorsal and B) ventral views of holotype (UCR 19893) of Bolitoglossa aureogularis in life. C) Paratype (UCR 19857) of B. aureogularis in life. D) Dorsal view of right hand and E) right foot of holotype. Photos A, B and C by E. Boza-Oviedo and Roney Samaniego, D and E by Adrián García-Rodríguez. The bar in hand and feet are 1 mm length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211946/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal coloration golden-tan with some bright highlights on dorsolateral regions and with some narrow streaks of dark brown. Golden-tan coloration in form of broad band extending from snout onto tail. Tail becomes increasingly reddish brown posteriorly. Lateral surfaces dark brown with numerous white speckles. Dark coloration forms lateral margin of dorsal band and continues onto tail and forward all the way to eye and is present almost to tip of snout. Dark coloration extends to area above limb insertions so light band does not contact limbs. Dorsal surfaces of limbs similar to dorsal band in color. White pigment present ventrolaterally along trunk and becomes prominent on venter, where pair of lightly colored patches is separated by region of dark pigmentation. Gular area bright yellow, which becomes golden on chest before fading into darker color in midtrunk region. Venter of tail speckled with white and tan spots. Iris golden.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF401431F41CD181" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF401431F7EDD1EA" bold="true" box="[201,421,619,644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Habitat and range</emphasis>
|
||
. The species is known from two nearby localities on the Caribbean slope of the Cordillera de Talamanca, both with mature cloud forest similar to the habitat at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FC5414CAF245D1C6" box="[989,1037,656,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF87FFB8FB1A14CAF3DDD1C6" box="[1171,1429,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="splendida">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FB1A14CAF3DDD1C6" box="[1171,1429,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Bolitoglossa splendida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The first locality is at ca.
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FE3F14EEF443D1A2" box="[438,523,692,716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation,
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FD0F14EEF485D1A2" box="[646,717,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
from the nearest stream; the second, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FB1014EFF281D1A3" box="[1177,1225,693,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, is located at
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FF3B148DF74FD181" box="[178,263,727,751]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1680.0">1680 m</quantity>
|
||
elevation near the river edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF4014A1F52FD011" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF4014A1F776D07A" bold="true" box="[201,318,763,788]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
There are four
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FE7B14A7F415D07B" box="[498,605,765,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
but only one approaches maturity in size. All specimens show coloration typical of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FEB01545F7D6D059" box="[313,414,799,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but some are more reddish gold dorsally and they are covered with tiny white speckles. Even the smallest individual (UCR 19858,
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FDF1151EF486D032" box="[632,718,836,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="mm" value="9.2">9.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL) displays the characteristic ventral coloration. This is a slen- der species with a small, narrow head and slender trunk and tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="94CE6541FF87FFB8FF4015D6F210D65E" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF4015D6F24AD0A9" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF4015D6F700D0CA" bold="true" box="[201,328,908,932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The species name is derived from
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FD6915D7F568D0CA" box="[736,800,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">aurea</emphasis>
|
||
(L.), golden, and
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FC6615D6F269D0CA" box="[1007,1057,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">gula</emphasis>
|
||
(L.), throat, in recognition of the unusual bright yellow coloration of the gular and chest regions of this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DC6B36CAFF87FFB8FF40158EF210D65E" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1329]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="EEA0EAD8FF87FFB8FF40158EF4ABD082" bold="true" box="[201,739,979,1004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Natural history and behavioral observations.</emphasis>
|
||
The specimens from the first site were inactive in bromeliads (
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FF1715ADF759D77E" box="[158,273,1015,1040]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="4.5" valueMax="6.2" valueMin="2.8">2.8–6.2 m</quantity>
|
||
above ground) during daytime, one in a cavity formed by the bromeliad roots in the trunk of the tree and the other two inside the leaves. All were in different plants in two trees, with two found in separate branches of the same tree; the temperature of the retreats was 12 °C with an air temperature of 15 °C. The juvenile and
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FAB3121AF3D4D736" box="[1338,1436,1088,1112]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the second locality were found active at night on low vegetation or in the leaf litter (
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FB2A123EF35BD712" box="[1187,1299,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.25" metricValueMax="14.5" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="0.725" valueMax="1.45" valueMin="0.0">0–1.45 m</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="1B2C9B2FFF87FFB8FAA3123EF3D4D712" box="[1322,1436,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="2.75" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8–3.7 m</quantity>
|
||
from the river with an air temperature of 15–18 °C during the observation period. Behavioral observations were made from 20:00–00:03 before collecting both specimens. The juvenile moved within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BD44D49FF87FFB8FB2E12F6F34BD7AA" box="[1191,1283,1196,1220]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaf where it was found but never went away. The adult female (
|
||
<typeStatus id="036F8868FF87FFB8FD51128AF575D786" box="[728,829,1232,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) climbed to the top of two shrubs and one palm seedling and moved through the leaf litter between plants. On two occasions, it held up a third of its body off surface of the leaf, and sometimes used its tail as a prehensile organ when moving along steams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |