183 lines
23 KiB
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183 lines
23 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.81737" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d148b8fa-4f4c-4069-80e5-f04f98561bfe" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2747-8106-96-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FCEF2A912BC258BBB022681E86486B06" ID-ZooBank="CD8C70BA025345408EFCD430A12F6B35" ModsDocID="2747-8106-96-51" checkinTime="1649795137967" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schwarzhans, Werner & Keupp, Helmut" docDate="2022" docId="4E7C83223AE55A41A9AA9C2535F600D6" docLanguage="en" docName="Zitteliana 96: 51-67" docOrigin="Zitteliana 96" docPubDate="2022-04-12" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.81737" docTitle="Archaeotolithus Stolley 1912" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="FCEF2A912BC258BBB022681E86486B06" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FCEF2A912BC258BBB022681E86486B06" masterDocTitle="Early teleost otolith morphogenesis observed in the Jurassic of Franconia, Bavaria, southern Germany" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1732488386774" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A65E75410814DD0EB303CB405AA61F83">
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<mods:title id="8704E973BA2A87DD95485DFAB9B482CA">Early teleost otolith morphogenesis observed in the Jurassic of Franconia, Bavaria, southern Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CC0FB04D1341FABAB5030802EA42ADA4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0AB20916ACCD4B51C380F6833F1E9E6C">Schwarzhans, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D8BEE4C6ED8A154E9DA5F52F06D57F75">Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Kobenhavn, Denmark & Ahrensburger Weg 103, 22359 Hamburg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A803BC239A41C157CC4833415F38289C" type="email">wwschwarz@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="368D14A22D0EEBEA0EE347424EF96D76">Keupp, Helmut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B342FBB35752268918D454BE7CF0F6DF">Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institut fuer Geologische Wissenschaften, Fachrichtung Palaeontologie, Malteser Strasse 74 - 100, Haus D, 12249 Berlin, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="AA728F18F567DBD28CEB393637F29C78">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4966A7C6BDAE23AF25EF0D467965E925">Zitteliana</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CE628BD0DAD1C75AC182E40620960B5B">
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<mods:date id="3AB73D53B3A86A3ABA1D5C4AB937794C">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="13544CFF6D2194B87442DC2A7F611CA1">2022-04-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6B89549A0406DB1B030C6873489106BB">96</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5A55CD446A06D252ECF5C48D9ADCD9E9">51</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="80B323055FDE217BE60744FB2B829BEF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5451D2B3010B83904CFFC69BBF656545" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.81737</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4E7C83223AE55A41A9AA9C2535F600D6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194588010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4E7C83223AE55A41A9AA9C2535F600D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E7C83223AE55A41A9AA9C2535F600D6" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" scope_class="Actinopterygii" scope_phylum="Teleostei">
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<subSubSection id="BF4D632F7B8CA98F097D376DF55ACEEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="87333012B5F9877DBD239CF4298D5093" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="A59627DF0B5623C6A61C482DCFC0F331" LSID="4E7C8322-3AE5-5A41-A9AA-9C2535F600D6" authority="Stolley, 1912" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archaeotolithus Stolley, 1912</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7284EF13FE6416D009C53FD112549C52" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="type-species">
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<paragraph id="FC6EFD93E69FEC30C6EC0C048F5962CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Type-species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DA9A122762DC8C5D605B1AD6BD0B459C" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Designated here as
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<taxonomicName id="57AC40D87F6C7CEAEDF4C5D90AE25E93" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus trigonalis" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonalis">
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<emphasis id="D48D5BB109C84B624323F9157316301F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus trigonalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Stolley, 1912.
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<bibRefCitation id="51B6F43D76DA3407AD325F6AD9CB99BF" author="Stolley, E" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B35" refString="Stolley, E, 1912. Ueber mesozoische Fischotolithen aus Norddeutschland. Jahresberichte des niedersaechsischen geologischen Vereins zu Hannover 60 & 61: 246-257." title="Ueber mesozoische Fischotolithen aus Norddeutschland. Jahresberichte des niedersaechsischen geologischen Vereins zu Hannover 60 & 61: 246 - 257." year="1912">Stolley (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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established
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<taxonomicName id="FF6E207800FCCED9836973AEDFEE60EF" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7122E9C33DE3141CCF22C3FCC5FA8147" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as an otolith-based genus, or, in his words, as a new
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<normalizedToken id="9D9DDE19774A220D8056CD4623B60AAF" originalValue="“typus”">"typus"</normalizedToken>
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(typ. nov.). He may have been considering
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<taxonomicName id="9440D0284705082E0B29C7136FB015EA" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8011DAB5FBAFA1A0794F3E5FA99644E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to represent a collective group genus comparable to
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<taxonomicName id="0DB18811DA12FCCB5F941DEAA63A12D0" family="Leptolepididae" genus="Otolithus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Otolithus" order="Elopiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="98899F2269EC1C5D88B8B51E9B2B8DE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Otolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as introduced by
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<bibRefCitation id="662D3E2949EEDF399A79F0F2D57E040D" author="Koken, E" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="500 - 565" refId="B19" refString="Koken, E, 1884. ueber Fisch-Otolithen, insbesondere ueber diejenigen der norddeutschen Oligocaen-Ablagerungen. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 36: 500 - 565" title="ueber Fisch-Otolithen, insbesondere ueber diejenigen der norddeutschen Oligocaen-Ablagerungen." volume="36" year="1884">Koken (1884</bibRefCitation>
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; see
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<bibRefCitation id="463F69D3E091BBD49B8D44D49546A829" author="Schwarzhans, W" journalOrPublisher="Palaeo Ichthyologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="1 - 88" refId="B31" refString="Schwarzhans, W, 2012. Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Bavaria (Kressenberg) and Austria (Kroisbach and Oiching-Graben). Palaeo Ichthyologica 12: 1 - 88" title="Fish otoliths from the Paleocene of Bavaria (Kressenberg) and Austria (Kroisbach and Oiching-Graben)." volume="12" year="2012">Schwarzhans 2012</bibRefCitation>
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in Addendum). However, we are of the opinion that the otoliths Stolley attributed to
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<taxonomicName id="26743C78A01F34D35D0730CEB89E83E7" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="07BD32C0850D805E3BE75C44BBA1E7C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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indeed represent a very specific and unique morphology, and, therefore, a formal otolith-based genus for this pattern is well-justified. This point also generates the need to select a type-species for the redefined otolith-based genus of
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<bibRefCitation id="B417BE3FA29DFB916D1D54C22C4D0E68" author="Stolley, E" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontology" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B35" refString="Stolley, E, 1912. Ueber mesozoische Fischotolithen aus Norddeutschland. Jahresberichte des niedersaechsischen geologischen Vereins zu Hannover 60 & 61: 246-257." title="Ueber mesozoische Fischotolithen aus Norddeutschland. Jahresberichte des niedersaechsischen geologischen Vereins zu Hannover 60 & 61: 246 - 257." year="1912">Stolley (1912)</bibRefCitation>
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, which we represent here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DD2F4741567AB48D3ADB56243A856E98" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="52D38865DBF02CF683CFE8E78A23A84D" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A212BEAD279DD7289EF26445D5DB11A" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Otoliths with a triangular shape that can reach about 7 mm in length. The three corners are the preventral, postventral and middorsal angles. Inner face convex; outer face flat, often with fine radial furrows starting from the middorsal angle. Otolith nucleus distinctly eccentric, visible on the outer face at the middorsal angle. Inner face with distinctly supramedian sulcus with often vague margins, particularly its ventral margin. Ostium and cauda intergrading and poorly distinguished. Ostium open anteriorly, its ventral margin deeply expanding downward. Cauda narrower, slightly downward-oriented toward posterior, and terminating close to posterior tip of otolith. No dorsal depression or ventral furrow.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CD35626D1575388642D9F95983A3206" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EA9635BC7595C7171F9433F6562A89AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Species, distribution and stratigraphic ranges.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E72F686B6C36AEDAE9AF8D2D1C687D3" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Three species are referred here to
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<taxonomicName id="D08581F0E581FD5BF7E4C2E4197C42FF" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A74617194E4CECEB73E818FA15A4F354" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="B60E0ACDF338CEFA1F8E65BCA5B94C54" lsidName="A. bornholmiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="bornholmiensis">
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<emphasis id="424D70A58522BFFD264B3508FE6C7546" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A. bornholmiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Malling &
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<normalizedToken id="1BF4AB3438739F021D1D978F8467DA71" originalValue="Grønwall">Gronwall</normalizedToken>
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, 1909) from the Pliensbachian of the isle of Bornholm, Denmark, and Franconia;
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<taxonomicName id="CE8228A9073F0A40613C35EE22AB74E9" lsidName="A. doppelsteini" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="doppelsteini">
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<emphasis id="A34E0C9B19EB0C5CC1FB79C560F6043B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A. doppelsteini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. from the late Pliensbachian of Franconia; and
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<taxonomicName id="DE469AF63EA2A3DB5550F859F3DEF280" lsidName="A. trigonalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="species" species="trigonalis">
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<emphasis id="4F5712262022299AF219F482113BF01B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">A. trigonalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Stolley, 1912 from the late Pliensbachian of Franconia and the Bajocian of northern Germany.
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<bibRefCitation id="633EF5C7C5C1520B048DB26B33F1502A" author="Malling, C" journalOrPublisher="Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="271 - 312" refId="B21" refString="Malling, C, Gronwall, KA, 1909. En fauna in Bornholms Lias. Meddelelser fra Dansk Geologisk Forening 3: 271 - 312" title="En fauna in Bornholms Lias." volume="3" year="1909">
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Malling and
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<normalizedToken id="92043F72314D78BCC2C61FE723DA4785" originalValue="Grønwall">Gronwall</normalizedToken>
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(1909)
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</bibRefCitation>
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also reported two additional, presumably
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<taxonomicName id="988A0854FEE5429D68FF958B815ECD62" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7CDC50BC2EFA4A0F469384E1253F026A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, otoliths from the Pliensbachian of Bornholm in open nomenclature, which cannot be identified from their documentation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="99D4C897378C853421D9F3DF21A59890" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" type="relationships">
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<paragraph id="58E8CEDBB3431BF16D9BA541BA74F22B" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Relationships.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3743AD74559ADA906D6379504DFEFA8" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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The relationships of
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<taxonomicName id="43E29D256DE16930833CC4E4EEADE867" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D24CCE4EA1188EF2085A010B96216443" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are obscure. We are not entirely certain whether it represents a sagittal otolith, although this appears likely because of the presence of a sulcus on what is perceived as the inner face of the otoliths, or a lapillus. In any case its peculiar and highly characteristic morphology does not relate to that of any known teleost.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13AF20ECAA871930B5AC4D9798C915F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">
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Three kinds of vaguely similar otoliths have also been reported from the Late Jurassic freshwater sediments of eastern Australia (
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<bibRefCitation id="5F73393220BB30AB66137E3354A33EBB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" author="Schwarzhans, W" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B33" refString="Schwarzhans, W, Murphy, T, Frese, M, 2019. Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38(6): e1539740. [14 pp] https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" title="Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (6): e 1539740. [14 pp]" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" year="2019">Schwarzhans et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). This
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<normalizedToken id="DFBCFEC9FE906943D22FAFB42C33EB4C" originalValue="Lagerstätte">Lagerstaette</normalizedToken>
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is of interest because it bears four taxa of pholidophoriforms, one macrosemiiform and one chondrostean in addition to the most common fish,
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<taxonomicName id="86249E822E00EC2C4F8E78FCEFBE04E8" baseAuthorityName="Woodward" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Actinopterygii" family="Luisiellidae" genus="Cavenderichthys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cavenderichthys talbragarensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="talbragarensis">
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<emphasis id="692D614ECA8B291F61D45AA7D41424C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Cavenderichthys talbragarensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Woodward, 1895), a
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<normalizedToken id="8C8D7BC6566B79850B6E688D52984622" originalValue="“primitve”">"primitve"</normalizedToken>
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teleost. Otoliths
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<emphasis id="927CAD190795D08D1EC0B5EFF99560BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">in situ</emphasis>
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are only known from the latter, probably due to a function of its overwhelming abundance (
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<bibRefCitation id="7D9266F3E80BF7C1B90ACD8568822477" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" author="Schwarzhans, W" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B33" refString="Schwarzhans, W, Murphy, T, Frese, M, 2019. Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38(6): e1539740. [14 pp] https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" title="Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (6): e 1539740. [14 pp]" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" year="2019">Schwarzhans et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). It thus appears likely that the three Australian
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<taxonomicName id="7614813E13FE40718AC0CD95CEAC9C7D" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EF4E805FFF1E530FBDEA59AE02303AAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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look-alike morphotypes belong to pholidophoriforms instead of chondrosteans (palaeonisciforms) as suggested by
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<bibRefCitation id="D8771AC31C5723D02334CCB8A3DDC893" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707" author="Schwarzhans, W" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" pagination="75 - 121" refId="B32" refString="Schwarzhans, W, 2018. A review of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous otoliths and the development of early morphological diversity in otoliths. Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen 287: 75 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707" title="A review of Jurassic and Early Cretaceous otoliths and the development of early morphological diversity in otoliths." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2018/0707" volume="287" year="2018">Schwarzhans (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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. Indeed, the
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<taxonomicName id="FB96A97DD66F20A6E9F65EEE9B413E6A" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="093C1A0424F21586F05D48A28B56DBDD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphotype best resembles the otoliths of extant lepisosteiforms (for figures, see
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<bibRefCitation id="1AF94B97D0EBED7B4D55CB637F02A308" author="Nolf, D" journalOrPublisher="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B26" refString="Nolf, D, 2013. The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels" title="The Diversity of Fish Otoliths, Past and Present." year="2013">Nolf 2013</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="7D95B97F17FC0B8A3A279643C41A6AC8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" author="Schwarzhans, W" journalOrPublisher="Neues Jahrbuch Geologie und Palaeontologie Abhandlungen" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" refId="B33" refString="Schwarzhans, W, Murphy, T, Frese, M, 2019. Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38(6): e1539740. [14 pp] https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" title="Otoliths in situ in the stem teleost Cavenderichthys talbragarensis (Woodward, 1895), otoliths in coprolites, and isolated otoliths from the upper Jurassic of Talbragar, New South Wales, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 38 (6): e 1539740. [14 pp]" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2018.1539740" year="2019">Schwarzhans et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). Therefore, the most likely candidates for relationships with
|
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<taxonomicName id="1B3A6ABAE444F95335783F05A0C8784E" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" genus="Archaeotolithus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Archaeotolithus" order="Ophidiiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="479CFE5B39AFA7F8B62109FEB5157288" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">Archaeotolithus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be expected in Ginglymodi or very basal
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<taxonomicName id="42575788E44825B6F6650EB4894F1D90" authorityName="Stolley" authorityYear="1912" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="subClass" subClass="Teleostei">Teleostei</taxonomicName>
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below the
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<taxonomicName id="5668F03C2AD6122D4B92EF40CD5C1B52" authorityName="Nelson" authorityYear="2006" genus="Leptolepidiformes" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="51" rank="genus">Leptolepidiformes</taxonomicName>
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level. We hope that otoliths will eventually be found
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<emphasis id="060FDA3CBC2B5FDAA07B921AE3307410" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="51">in situ</emphasis>
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and this enigmatic otolith morphology can be reliably related to a systematic context.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |